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58-568: Bosco/Gurin is first mentioned in 1244 as als Buscho de Quarinobis . Until 1934, it was known as Bosco-Vallemaggia, and in German as Gurin. The village was started during Walser migration in the 13th century, with the first settlers arriving in 1244. Today the Walser German dialect is being abandoned in favour of the Italian language, and Italian speakers make up the majority in the village. Bosco/Gurin

116-462: A Fachhochschule ). Of the 5 who completed tertiary schooling, 80.0% were Swiss men, 20.0% were Swiss women. In Bosco/Gurin there were a total of 5 students (as of 2009). The Ticino education system provides up to three years of non-mandatory kindergarten and in Bosco/Gurin there was 1 child in kindergarten. The primary school program lasts for five years. In the municipality, 1 student attended

174-412: A population or dispersed group. Actual global human population growth amounts to around 83 million annually, or 1.1% per year. The global population has grown from 1 billion in 1800 to 8.1 billion in 2024. The UN projected population to keep growing, and estimates have put the total population at 8.6 billion by mid-2030, 9.8 billion by mid-2050 and 11.2 billion by 2100. However, some academics outside

232-480: A part-time student). There was 1 vocational student who was attending school full-time and 1 who attend part-time. As of 2000, there were 9 students from Bosco/Gurin who attended schools outside the municipality. Walser The Walser people are the speakers of the Walser German dialects, a variety of Highest Alemannic . They inhabit the region of the Alps of Switzerland and Liechtenstein , as well as

290-451: A sufficiently small time interval: A positive growth rate indicates that the population is increasing, while a negative growth rate indicates that the population is decreasing. A growth ratio of zero indicates that there were the same number of individuals at the beginning and end of the period—a growth rate may be zero even when there are significant changes in the birth rates , death rates , immigration rates , and age distribution between

348-575: Is a driver of environmental concerns , such as biodiversity loss and climate change , due to overexploitation of natural resources for human development . International policy focused on mitigating the impact of human population growth is concentrated in the Sustainable Development Goals which seeks to improve the standard of living globally while reducing the impact of society on the environment while advancing human well-being. World population has been rising continuously since

406-431: Is a net importer of workers, with about 3.7 workers entering the municipality for every one leaving. About 36.4% of the workforce coming into Bosco/Gurin are coming from outside Switzerland. Of the working population, 0% used public transportation to get to work, and 33.3% used a private car. As of 2009, there was one hotel in Bosco/Gurin. From the 2000 census, 61 or 85.9% were Roman Catholic , while 2 or 2.8% belonged to

464-469: Is a separable differential equation, the population may be solved explicitly, producing a logistic function : where A = K − P 0 P 0 {\displaystyle A={\frac {K-P_{0}}{P_{0}}}} and P 0 {\displaystyle P_{0}} is the initial population at time 0. The world population growth rate peaked in 1963 at 2.2% per year and subsequently declined. In 2017,

522-934: Is one Walser community: Triesenberg , including Saminatal and Malbun . Until the 1930s, the dialects of Walser German and Romandy based on the French language was still spoken among a few hundred residents. In Austria , there are 14 Walser communities: Grosses Walsertal (Blons, Fontanella, Raggal, St. Gerold, Sonntag, Thüringerberg), Kleinwalsertal (Mittelberg, a practical enclave of Germany), Brandnertal (Brand), Montafon (Silbertal), Reintal (Laterns), Tannberg ( Schröcken , Lech, Warth), all in Vorarlberg ; and in Paznauntal ( Galtür ), in Tyrol . Additionally, Walser communities are reportedly found in Haute-Savoie , France (Vallorcine, in

580-633: Is the only municipality in Ticino where German is a co-official language. The Walser emigrated from the Val Formazza Walser around 1240 at the request of the Lombardy rulers and the Capitanei of Locarno who needed a band of mercenaries. In 1244, a noble family from Locarno and the villagers of Losone leased from the pastures around the village. Later these pastures passed fully into their possession. Until

638-402: Is the rate at which the number of individuals in a population increases in a given time period, expressed as a fraction of the initial population. Specifically, population growth rate refers to the change in population over a unit time period, often expressed as a percentage of the number of individuals in the population at the beginning of that period. This can be written as the formula, valid for

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696-456: Is used for agricultural purposes, while 6.14 km (2.37 sq mi) or 27.9% is forested. Of the rest of the land, 0.19 km (0.073 sq mi) or 0.9% is settled (buildings or roads), 0.28 km (0.11 sq mi) or 1.3% is either rivers or lakes and 9.27 km (3.58 sq mi) or 42.1% is unproductive land. Of the built up area, housing and buildings made up 0.2% and transportation infrastructure made up 0.6%. Out of

754-621: The Avers valley, Graubünden ) was to build houses with a Seelabalga ("soul-beam"). This was a sliding wooden door covering a small round hole through the wall, which was opened to allow the soul of a deceased inhabitant to depart. Bosco is located in the Vallemaggia district, and the highest municipality in Ticino at an elevation of 1,504 m (4,934 ft). Bosco/Gurin has an area, as of 1997, of 22.04 square kilometers (8.51 sq mi). Of this area, 0.69 km (0.27 sq mi) or 3.1%

812-717: The Chablais ), where the local Walser dialect is no longer spoken, and in the Berner Oberland (or Bernese Highlands), Switzerland (Grimseljoch-Sustenpass area, Lauterbrunnen , Mürren , etc.), where the local Walser dialect has assimilated to the (likewise Highest Alemannic ) dialects of the Berner Oberland. Some Walsers later settled portions of eastern Hungary , most were found in the Tokay wine region. Walsers, along with French Swiss speakers and French ( Lorraine ) vintners from

870-506: The DRC are witnessing a similar growth in population. The following table gives some example countries or territories: Human population projections are attempts to extrapolate how human populations will change in the future. These projections are an important input to forecasts of the population's impact on this planet and humanity's future well-being. Models of population growth take trends in human development and apply projections into

928-662: The Inventory of Swiss Heritage Sites . The Walserhaus, a ( Walser style house) is listed as a Swiss heritage site of national significance . In the 2007 federal election the most popular party was the SP which received 32.29% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were the CVP (28.13%), the Ticino League (18.75%) and the FDP (10.42%). In the federal election, a total of 12 votes were cast, and

986-467: The Swiss Reformed Church . There were 2 (or about 2.8% of the population) who belonged to no church, agnostic or atheist , and 6 individuals (or about 8.5% of the population) did not answer the question. In Bosco/Gurin about 28 (or 39.4% of the population) have completed non-mandatory upper secondary education , and 5 (or 7.0%) have completed additional higher education (either university or

1044-742: The canton of Geneva . In Italy , there are nine communities that were settled by the Walser migration (and four others that originally were, but where Walser German is not spoken any more (with exception of a few elders)). These are: Gressoney-La-Trinité , Gressoney-Saint-Jean and Issime ( Lys Valley, in the Aosta Valley ); Formazza , Macugnaga , Campello Monti ( Verbano-Cusio-Ossola province ); Alagna Valsesia , Riva Valdobbia , Carcoforo , Rimasco , Rima San Giuseppe , Rimella (Sesia Valley or Valsesia , in Vercelli province ). In Liechtenstein , there

1102-497: The population is declining , especially in Eastern Europe , mainly due to low fertility rates , high death rates and emigration . In Southern Africa , growth is slowing due to the high number of AIDS-related deaths. Some Western Europe countries might also experience population decline. Japan's population began decreasing in 2005. The United Nations Population Division projects world population to reach 11.2 billion by

1160-489: The secondary sector and there were 2 businesses in this sector. 27 people were employed in the tertiary sector , with 9 businesses in this sector. There were 39 residents of the municipality who were employed in some capacity, of which females made up 30.8% of the workforce. In 2008 the total number of full-time equivalent jobs was 35. The number of jobs in the primary sector was 7, of which 3 were in agriculture and 4 were in forestry or lumber production. The number of jobs in

1218-602: The voter turnout was 27.9%. In the 2007 Gran Consiglio election, there were a total of 49 registered voters in Bosco/Gurin, of which 26 or 53.1% voted. The most popular party was the PPD +GenGiova which received 10 or 38.5% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were; the SSI (with 7 or 26.9%), the PS (with 6 or 23.1%) and the PLRT (with 3 or 11.5%). In the 2007 Consiglio di Stato election,

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1276-476: The "Walser right" (colonist right), that is, personal freedom, with the right to form their own judicial communities and the right of the free hereditary rights of land. When a settler died, the estate passed to his heirs. The "Walser law" was granted against a moderate interest and the obligation to serve in the war. In Switzerland , the German-speaking part of the canton of Valais is the original region of

1334-616: The French with wine-producing skills arrived in the 19th century by invitation of the Austro-Hungarian Empire . Their descendants in the early 20th century were known as Français du Banat or the " Banat French", as well the Romandie de l'Ungerne or "the Romandies of Hungary". Population growth#Population growth rate Population growth is the increase in the number of people in

1392-456: The German chemist Fritz Haber , served as the "detonator of the population explosion ", enabling the global population to increase from 1.6 billion in 1900 to 7.7 billion by November 2019. Some of the reasons for the "Modern Rise of Population" were particularly investigated by the British health scientist Thomas McKeown (1912–1988). In his publications, McKeown challenged four theories about

1450-525: The German-speaking Switzerland. Livestock and farming (potatoes, rye, hemp) have been the main sources of income over the centuries. During the winter months, villagers made timber vessels, spin linen, hemp and wool, and embroider handkerchiefs. In the 20th century, much of the population emigrated. In 1936, the local museum was opened. By 2004, there were only 72 inhabitants left, from a peak of 382 in 1850. A custom in Bosco/Gurin (found also in

1508-705: The UN have increasingly developed human population models that account for additional downward pressures on population growth; in such a scenario population would peak before 2100. Others have challenged many recent population projections as having underestimated population growth. The world human population has been growing since the end of the Black Death , around the year 1350. A mix of technological advancement that improved agricultural productivity and sanitation and medical advancement that reduced mortality increased population growth. In some geographies, this has slowed through

1566-409: The UN projected that the world population, 8 billion as of 2023 , would peak around the year 2086 at about 10.4 billion, and then start a slow decline, assuming a continuing decrease in the global average fertility rate from 2.5 births per woman during the 2015–2020 period to 1.8 by the year 2100 (the medium-variant projection). The UN’s 2024 report has revised the peak population to 10.3 billion in

1624-842: The Walser. There are 26 Walser communities that were settled by the Walser migration (and seven others that originally were, but where Walser German is not spoken any more). These are: Simplon , in Canton of Valais ; Bosco/Gurin , in Canton of Ticino ; and the following communities in Graubünden (Grisons): Obersaxen ; Valsertal ( Vals , St. Martin ); Safiental ( Valendas , Versam , Tenna , Safien ); Rheinwald ( Medels , Nufenen , Splügen , Sufers , Hinterrhein , Avers ); Schanfigg ( Arosa , Langwies ); Albula ( Mutten , Schmitten , Wiesen ); Landquart ( Davos , Klosters , Furna , Says , St. Antönien , Valzeina ). Wartau , ( Matug , Walserberg , Palfris ) and Walser speaking people may live in

1682-489: The beginning of the 20th century, the Walser colony survived almost totally isolated. The rare contacts with the outside world were more with the Val Formazza or Valais than from the rest of Ticino. The geographic isolation strengthened the independent living habits and traditions of the village. The town was frequently buried by avalanches. The parish church of St. James and St. Christopher was consecrated in 1253, probably at

1740-527: The end of the Black Death , around the year 1350. Population began growing rapidly in the Western world during the industrial revolution . The most significant increase in the world's population has been since the 1950s, mainly due to medical advancements and increases in agricultural productivity . Due to its dramatic impact on the human ability to grow food, the Haber process , named after one of its inventors,

1798-522: The end of the 21st century. The Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation projects that the global population will peak in 2064 at 9.73 billion and decline to 8.89 billion in 2100. A 2014 study in Science concludes that the global population will reach 11 billion by 2100, with a 70% chance of continued growth into the 22nd century. The German Foundation for World Population reported in December 2019 that

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1856-477: The estimated annual growth rate was 1.1%. The CIA World Factbook gives the world annual birthrate, mortality rate, and growth rate as 1.86%, 0.78%, and 1.08% respectively. The last 100 years have seen a massive fourfold increase in the population, due to medical advances , lower mortality rates, and an increase in agricultural productivity made possible by the Green Revolution . The annual increase in

1914-409: The forested land, 11.6% of the total land area is heavily forested, while 12.0% is covered in small trees and shrubbery and 4.3% is covered with orchards or small clusters of trees. Of the agricultural land, 2.9% is used for growing crops. All the water in the municipality is flowing water. Of the unproductive areas, 22.3% is unproductive vegetation and 19.7% is too rocky for vegetation. The blazon of

1972-557: The fringes of Italy and Austria . The Walser people are named after the Wallis (Valais), the uppermost Rhône valley, where they settled from roughly the 10th century in the late phase of the migration of the Alamanni , crossing from the Bernese Oberland ; because of linguistic differences among the Walser dialects, it is supposed that there were two independent immigration routes. From

2030-607: The future. These models use trend-based-assumptions about how populations will respond to economic, social and technological forces to understand how they will affect fertility and mortality , and thus population growth. The 2022 projections from the United Nations Population Division (chart #1) show that annual world population growth peaked at 2.3% per year in 1963, has since dropped to 0.9% in 2023, equivalent to about 74 million people each year, and could drop even further to minus 0.1% by 2100. Based on this,

2088-577: The gender distribution of the population was 61.1% male and 38.9% female. The population was made up of 31 Swiss men (57.4% of the population), and 2 (3.7%) non-Swiss men. There were 19 Swiss women (35.2%), and 2 (3.7%) non-Swiss women. Of the population in the municipality 37 or about 52.1% were born in Bosco/Gurin and lived there in 2000. There were 20 or 28.2% who were born in the same canton, while 10 or 14.1% were born somewhere else in Switzerland, and 2 or 2.8% were born outside of Switzerland. In 2008 there

2146-561: The global human population grows by 2.6 people every second, and could reach 8 billion by 2023. According to United Nations population statistics, the world population grew by 30%, or 1.6 billion humans, between 1990 and 2010. In number of people the increase was highest in India (350 million) and China (196 million). Population growth rate was among highest in the United Arab Emirates (315%) and Qatar (271%). Many of

2204-629: The most popular party was the PPD which received 10 or 38.5% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were; the SSI (with 7 or 26.9%), the PS (with 5 or 19.2%) and the PLRT (with 3 or 11.5%). Tourism is an important source of income, especially during the winter. As of  2007, Bosco/Gurin had an unemployment rate of 1.02%. As of 2005, there were 12 people employed in the primary economic sector and about 5 businesses involved in this sector. 12 people were employed in

2262-533: The municipal coat of arms is Azure a lion rampant langued gules and holding a letter B also gules. Bosco/Gurin has a population (as of December 2020) of 52. As of 2008, 7.5% of the population are resident foreign nationals. Over the last 10 years (1997–2007) the population has changed at a rate of -26%. Most of the population (as of 2000) speaks Italian language (37 or 52.1%), with German being second most common (23 or 32.4%) and Romansh being third (7 or 9.9%). There are 2 people who speak French . As of 2008,

2320-436: The municipality. There were 27 married individuals, 4 widows or widowers and 3 individuals who are divorced. As of 2000, there were 35 private households in the municipality, and an average of 1.9 persons per household. There were 16 households that consist of only one person and 3 households with five or more people. Out of a total of 37 households that answered this question, 43.2% were households made up of just one person. Of

2378-671: The number of living humans peaked at 88.0 million in 1989, then slowly declined to 73.9 million in 2003, after which it rose again to 75.2 million in 2006. In 2017, the human population increased by 83 million. Generally, developed nations have seen a decline in their growth rates in recent decades, though annual growth rates remain above 2% in some countries of the Middle East and Sub-Saharan Africa , and also in South Asia , Southeast Asia , and Latin America . In some countries

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2436-576: The population are between 0 and 9 years old and 5 teenagers or 9.3% are between 10 and 19. Of the adult population, 4 people or 7.4% of the population are between 20 and 29 years old. 10 people or 18.5% are between 30 and 39, 9 people or 16.7% are between 40 and 49, and 10 people or 18.5% are between 50 and 59. The senior population distribution is 8 people or 14.8% of the population are between 60 and 69 years old, 4 people or 7.4% are between 70 and 79, there are 2 people or 3.7% who are over 80. As of 2000, there were 37 people who were single and never married in

2494-566: The population growth: Although the McKeown thesis has been heavily disputed, recent studies have confirmed the value of his ideas. His work is pivotal for present day thinking about population growth, birth control, public health and medical care. McKeown had a major influence on many population researchers, such as health economists and Nobel prize winners Robert W. Fogel (1993) and Angus Deaton (2015). The latter considered McKeown as "the founder of social medicine ". The "population growth rate"

2552-439: The population has reached its carrying capacity , it will stabilize and the exponential curve will level off towards the carrying capacity, which is usually when a population has depleted most its natural resources . In the world human population, growth may be said to have been following a linear trend throughout the last few decades. The growth of a population can often be modelled by the logistic equation where As it

2610-399: The process called the demographic transition , where many nations with high standards of living have seen a significant slowing of population growth. This is in direct contrast with less developed contexts, where population growth is still happening. Globally, the rate of population growth has declined from a peak of 2.2% per year in 1963. Population growth alongside increased consumption

2668-632: The rest of the households, there are 7 married couples without children, 8 married couples with children. There were 2 single parents with a child or children. There were 2 households that were made up unrelated people and 2 households that were made some sort of institution or another collective housing. In 2000 there were 99 single family homes (or 84.6% of the total) out of a total of 117 inhabited buildings. There were 10 multi-family buildings (8.5%), along with 2 multi-purpose buildings that were mostly used for housing (1.7%) and 6 other use buildings (commercial or industrial) that also had some housing (5.1%). Of

2726-502: The same time that the village separated from the parish of Cevio. It was expanded and rebuilt in the 15th and 16th centuries. The chapel of Madonna della Neve is from the early 18th century. The area was briefly part of the Canton of Lugano , before the canton was unified with Bellinzona to form Ticino . Up until the 20th century, the village was almost completely isolated. By 1914, there were seasonal migration (especially by masons) into

2784-429: The secondary sector was 12, of which all were in construction. The number of jobs in the tertiary sector was 16. In the tertiary sector; 2 or 12.5% were in wholesale or retail sales or the repair of motor vehicles, 2 or 12.5% were in the movement and storage of goods, 8 or 50.0% were in a hotel or restaurant. In 2000, there were 11 workers who commuted into the municipality and 3 workers who commuted away. The municipality

2842-432: The single family homes 7 were built before 1919, while 4 were built between 1990 and 2000. The greatest number of single family homes (68) were built between 1919 and 1945. In 2000 there were 140 apartments in the municipality. The most common apartment size was 4 rooms of which there were 51. There were 5 single room apartments and 25 apartments with five or more rooms. Of these apartments, a total of 35 apartments (25.0% of

2900-406: The standard primary school. In the lower secondary school system, students either attend a two-year middle school followed by a two-year pre-apprenticeship or they attend a four-year program to prepare for higher education. There was 1 student in the two-year middle school, while no students were in the four-year advanced program. The upper secondary school includes several options, but at the end of

2958-408: The total) were permanently occupied, while 105 apartments (75.0%) were seasonally occupied. As of 2007, the construction rate of new housing units was 0 new units per 1000 residents. The vacancy rate for the municipality, in 2008, was 0.65%. The historical population is given in the following chart: The village center is home to many historic buildings, so the entire village of Bosco Gurin is part of

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3016-411: The two times. A related measure is the net reproduction rate . In the absence of migration, a net reproduction rate of more than 1 indicates that the population of females is increasing, while a net reproduction rate less than one ( sub-replacement fertility ) indicates that the population of females is decreasing. Most populations do not grow exponentially, rather they follow a logistic model . Once

3074-480: The upper Wallis, they began to spread south, west and east between the 12th and 13th centuries, in the so-called Walser migrations ( Walserwanderungen ). The causes of these further population movements, the last wave of settlement in the higher valleys of the Alps , are not entirely clear. Some think that the large Walser migrations took place because of conflicts with the valley's feudal lords. Other theories contend it

3132-404: The upper secondary program, a student will be prepared to enter a trade or to continue on to a university or college. In Ticino, vocational students may either attend school while working on their internship or apprenticeship (which takes three or four years) or may attend school followed by an internship or apprenticeship (which takes one year as a full-time student or one and a half to two years as

3190-680: The world's countries, including many in Sub-Saharan Africa , the Middle East , South Asia and South East Asia , have seen a sharp rise in population since the end of the Cold War . The fear is that high population numbers are putting further strain on natural resources, food supplies, fuel supplies, employment, housing, etc. in some of the less fortunate countries. For example, the population of Chad has ultimately grown from 6,279,921 in 1993 to 10,329,208 in 2009, further straining its resources. Vietnam , Mexico , Nigeria , Egypt , Ethiopia , and

3248-572: The year 2084. However, estimates outside of the United Nations have put forward alternative models based on additional downward pressure on fertility (such as successful implementation of education and family planning goals in the UN's Sustainable Development Goals ) which could result in peak population during the 2060–2070 period rather than later. Even though the global fertility rate continues to fall, chart #2 shows that because of population momentum

3306-465: Was 1 death of a Swiss citizen. Ignoring immigration and emigration, the population of Swiss citizens decreased by 1 while the foreign population remained the same. The total Swiss population change in 2008 (from all sources, including moves across municipal borders) was a decrease of 1 and the non-Swiss population remained the same. This represents a population growth rate of -1.9%. The age distribution, as of 2009, in Bosco/Gurin is; 2 children or 3.7% of

3364-604: Was because of overpopulation and yet others that they were reinforced by the respective local authorities in order to settle previously unpopulated regions. Starting in 1962, every three years a meeting of Walser people called Walsertreffen occurs in a Walser inhabited area. The Walser people originate from the Swiss canton of Valais. Around 1300, they started to migrate. As of 2022, the reasons are not historically documented and are speculated to be due to overpopulation, climate change or poverty. In many places Walser settlers received

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