100-651: The Goulburn Rail Heritage Centre is located at the heritage-listed former railway workshops in Goulburn , New South Wales , Australia, on the Main Southern railway line . Now a museum, it is also known as the Goulburn Rail Workshop and Goulburn Roundhouse . The workshops were added to the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 2 April 1999. The workshops were saved from demolition by
200-462: A Lieutenant-Colonel. Macquarie's wife gave birth to a daughter in 1808 which died in infancy. On 8 May 1809 Macquarie was appointed to the position of Governor of New South Wales and its dependencies. He left for the colony on 22 May 1809, on HMS Dromedary , accompanied by HMS Hindostan . The 73rd Regiment of Foot came with him on the two ships. He arrived on 28 December at Sydney Cove and landed officially on 31 December, taking up his duties on
300-561: A camp for cheap convict labour. In late 1810, Macquarie toured the regions around Sydney naming and marking out the sites and street plans of future towns such as Liverpool , Windsor and Richmond . On a visit of inspection to the settlement of Hobart Town on the Derwent River in Van Diemen's Land (now Tasmania ) in November 1811, Macquarie was appalled at the ramshackle arrangement of
400-469: A coal stage, water pump, turntable, and the station master’s residence (1870). The roundhouse was constructed of brick and corrugated iron in 1918 around a 27.4 metres (90 feet) electric-powered turntable. The locomotive depot closed in July 1986 with its allocation of locomotives transferred to Junee Locomotive Depot , but remained as a stabling and refueling point for a few years. Goulburn City Council took out
500-489: A convicted forger named William Henshall cut the centres out of the coins and counter stamp them to distinguish them as belonging to the colony of New South Wales. The central plug (known as a "dump") was valued at 15 pence and the rim (known as a holey dollar ) became a five- shilling piece. Any forging of the new currency was proclaimed as being punishable by seven years in the Newcastle coal mines. Macquarie also encouraged
600-475: A few cottages. The town was a change station (where coach horses were changed) for Cobb & Co by 1855. A police station opened the following year and a school in 1858. Goulburn was proclaimed a municipal government in 1859 and was made a city in 1863. The arrival of the railway in 1869, which was opened on 27 May by the Governor Lord Belmore (an event commemorated by Belmore Park in the centre of
700-555: A fortune of £20,000. His elevation to the social elite saw him meet several times with Jacob Bosanquet and the directors of the East India Company and he also had a personal introduction to King George III . He served in London as Assistant Adjutant General to Lord Harrington and was able to purchase an estate on his native Isle of Mull , which he named Jarvisfield . In 1805, Macquarie was ordered to return to India to take charge of
800-665: A large group of Gandangara and Tharawal people near the Cataract River gorge in the upper Nepean catchment. At least 14 men, women and children were killed, some shot while others fell off the cliffs. This became known as the Appin Massacre . The corpses of two men, Cannabaygal and Dunnell, were strung up on trees as per Macquarie's instructions, the skull of Cannabaygal later being taken to Scotland . Two surviving women and three children were taken prisoner and Macquarie rewarded Wallis for his efforts by appointing him Commandant of
900-564: A lease on the roundhouse hoping to establish a national rail museum. The Goulburn Roundhouse Museum became home to several preserved locomotives with the New South Wales Rail Transport Museum transferring 2419 from Thirlmere in August 1989. In 1980, a wagon building and maintenance facility was constructed to the north of the roundhouse. In July 2006 this was transferred to UGL Rail . Following UGL Rail deciding to close
1000-552: A line to the inland centre of Goulburn. A single line from Marulan to Goulburn opened on 27 May 1869. A depot was built by the New South Wales Government Railways on the southern outskirts of the town when the line from Sydney was opened to Goulburn in May 1869. In 1918, a 42 road roundhouse opened. Associated railway structures at Goulburn included the goods shed (1868), carriage shed (1869), engine shed (1869),
1100-446: A major role in the shaping of Australian society in the early nineteenth century. Macquarie played a central role in urban planning in the colony. He had a significant impact on the development of modern Sydney , establishing the layout upon which the modern city centre is based, establishing Hyde Park as Australia's first public park, overseeing the construction of various public buildings along Macquarie Street , and devising
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#17328512855041200-733: A number of heritage-listed sites, including: According to the 2021 census , there were 24,565 people in Goulburn. Of these: Goulburn is located a small distance east of the peak ridge of the Great Dividing Range and is 690 metres (2,264 ft) above sea level. It is intersected by the Wollondilly River and the Mulwaree River , and the confluence of these two rivers is also located here. The Wollondilly then flows north-east, into Lake Burragorang ( Warragamba Dam ) and eventually into
1300-611: A plan established by Macquarie. The colony's most prestigious buildings were built on Macquarie Street which he named after himself. Some of these still stand today including the 'Rum Hospital' part of which now serves as the Parliament House of New South Wales . The elaborate stables which Macquarie commissioned for Government House are now part of the modern structure housing the Sydney Conservatorium of Music . Other notable edifices built during Macquarie's tenure include
1400-421: A population of 665 people, 444 males and 211 females. This number had jumped to 1,171 inhabitants by 1847, 686 males and 485 females. It had a courthouse, police barracks, churches, hospital and post office and was the centre of a great sheep and farming area. A telegraph station opened in 1862, by which time there were about 1,500 residents, a blacksmith 's shop, two hotels, two stores, the telegraph office and
1500-523: A small farm as sub-tenants at Oskamull. In his early teens, Macquarie was sent to Edinburgh to be educated, possibly attending the Royal High School of Edinburgh where he learnt English and arithmetic. Macquarie volunteered to join the British Army in 1776 and was assigned to the 84th Regiment of Foot . Later that year he travelled with it to North America to fight against the revolutionaries in
1600-505: Is a railhead on the Main Southern line , and regional health & government services centre, supporting the surrounding pastoral industry as well as being a stopover for travellers on the Hume Highway . It has a central historic park and many historic and listed buildings. It is also home to the monument the Big Merino , a sculpture that is the world's largest concrete sheep. Goulburn
1700-495: Is a regional city in the Southern Tablelands of New South Wales , Australia, approximately 195 kilometres (121 mi) south-west of Sydney and 90 kilometres (56 mi) north-east of Canberra . It was proclaimed as Australia's first inland city through letters patent by Queen Victoria in 1863. Goulburn had a population of 24,565 as of the 2021 census . Goulburn is the seat of Goulburn Mulwaree Council . Goulburn
1800-420: Is distributed evenly throughout the year, with an annual average of 542.8 mm (21.4 in). Snow occasionally falls, although rarely in significant quantities due to the rainshadow brought about by the hills to the west-northwest of Goulburn (around Crookwell ). Temperature extremes have ranged from −10.9 to 42.8 °C (12.4 to 109.0 °F). As a major settlement of southern New South Wales, Goulburn
1900-463: Is home to Goulburn Correctional Centre , more generically known as Goulburn Gaol. It is a maximum-security male prison, the highest-security prison in Australia and is home to some of the most dangerous, and infamous, prisoners. One of these prisoners was Ivan Robert Marko Milat (27 December 1944 – 27 October 2019) an Australian serial killer who was convicted of the backpacker murders in 1996. Goulburn
2000-470: Is home to Australia's oldest existing theatre company Lieder Theatre Company, established in 1891. The Lieder Theatre Company presents up to five major performance projects each year, along with numerous community events, readings, workshops, and short seasons of experimental and new work. The company, along with the Lieder Youth Theatre Company, is based in the historic Lieder Theatre, built by
2100-612: Is now the Goulburn Rail Heritage Centre with steam, diesel and rolling stock exhibits. Rail First Asset Management (previously known as CFCL Australia ) operate the Goulburn Railway Workshops . St Saviour's Cathedral , designed by Edmund Thomas Blacket , was completed in 1884 with the tower being added in 1988 to commemorate the Bicentenary of Australia. Though completed in 1884, some earlier burials are in
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#17328512855042200-579: Is the southern terminus of the Southern Highlands Line which reaches from the Sydney suburb Campbelltown and is part of the NSW TrainLink intercity passenger train system. Most services for Goulburn operate to Moss Vale , some 65 km (40 mi) north-east, while there are also daily direct express Sydney Central services covered by Sydney's suburban Opal card . The station is also served by
2300-576: The 86th Regiment of Foot and after arriving also became military secretary to Governor Duncan at Bombay. In 1807 he travelled overland from India to Britain via Persia and Russia, and was very impressed by the layout and architecture of St Petersburg. Later that year, Macquarie married his third cousin Elizabeth Henrietta Campbell in Devon and took command of the 73rd Regiment in Scotland as
2400-716: The American War of Independence . On the way to America he participated in the Battle of the Newcastle Jane, the first naval victory for a British merchant ship over an American privateer . Macquarie was initially stationed at Halifax, Nova Scotia and obtained the junior rank of ensign on 9 April 1777. On 18 January 1781, he was promoted to lieutenant and transferred to the 71st (Highland) Regiment of Foot , and served with them in New York City and Charleston . Macquarie safely saw out
2500-559: The Battle of Seedaseer and then at the siege and storming of Tipu's palace at Srirangapatna in 1799. He described the "glorious" aftermath where the bodies of Tipu and his people "lay in such immense Heaps on the Ramparts...as well as in different Parts of the Town that no regular account of them could be taken". Macquarie received £1,300 in prize money after the city was looted . In 1800, Macquarie
2600-607: The Federal and Hume Highways. Goulburn benefited from the 1992 Hume Highway bypass, prompting significant civic rejuvenation and removing 23,000 cars from the city each day. Goulburn's city centre was populated by a notable number of eateries owned and operated by Greek migrants, as part of a broader trend of Greek cafes and milk bars in regional Australia. Years after the bypass, the main street featured numerous neon signs advertising businesses that had since gone out of business some of which are preserved today. Goulburn railway station
2700-499: The Malabar Coast in August 1793 and became a Freemason that same year at Bombay. In September 1793 Macquarie married Jane Jarvis, daughter of the late Chief Justice of Antigua , Thomas Jarvis, who had owned slave plantations there . According to their marriage settlement, Miss Jarvis was worth £6,000 which was paid out to Macquarie three years later when she died of tuberculosis . In 1795, he saw further action leading troops at
2800-515: The National Trust of Australia and is inscribed "The Father of Australia". A statue of Macquarie commissioned by the NSW Government and created by Terrance Plowright in 2012, stands at the north entrance to Hyde Park in the centre of Sydney. A nearby inscription reads: "He was a perfect gentleman, a Christian and supreme legislator of the human heart." The appropriateness of the statue and
2900-557: The Newcastle convict settlement. Hostilities continued for most of the rest of 1816 with Macquarie proclaiming no Aborigines were allowed into the settled areas without a passport and issuing search and destroy orders for a further 10 Aboriginal men. By early 1817, these actions by Macquarie forced an end to Aboriginal resistance in what is now known as the Hawkesbury and Nepean Wars . Macquarie's policies, especially his championing of
3000-541: The Parramatta Native Institution for the education of Aboriginal children. Around forty Aboriginal children, some of whom were 'decoyed away' from their parents and others taken during frontier conflict, became students and were taught in the British tradition by William and Elizabeth Shelley. The children seem to have been mostly well-treated and in 1819, Maria Lock topped the colony-wide examinations. However,
3100-690: The Tasman Sea via the Hawkesbury River . The city is located within the Southern Tablelands Temperate Grassland . Owing to its elevation, Goulburn has an oceanic climate ( Cfb ) with warm summers and cool to cold winters; with a high diurnal range . Its climate is variable much of the year, though generally dry with maximum temperatures ranging from 11.8 °C (53.2 °F) in July to 28.3 °C (82.9 °F) in January. Rainfall
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3200-413: The 'exclusive' colonists such as John Macarthur , Samuel Marsden and Archibald Bell who were strongly against the social reforms of Macquarie. They wanted the convicts to be removed from the government building works in the towns and instead labouring on their large sheep-grazing land acquisitions. Bigge concurred with these opinions and saw that government expediture could be significantly decreased and
3300-508: The 77th, killing a number of officers with Macquarie himself being wounded in the foot. The British torched all the villages in the district but conceded defeat with the East India Company forced into a peace treaty with Pazhassi. Macquarie resigned from his commanding role soon after the campaign. He participated in front-line combat during the Fourth Anglo-Mysore War against the forces of Tipu Sultan , helping defeat them first at
3400-532: The Blue Mountains and become the first non-Indigenous people to view the great plains of the interior. Later that same year George Evans , directed by Macquarie to further explore this inland region, came upon and named the Macquarie River . In 1815, Macquarie ordered the establishment of Bathurst on this river, which became Australia's first inland British settlement. Evans conducted further exploration to
3500-492: The Blue Mountains being driven south from their traditional land due to Governor Macquarie's punitive parties sent to massacre the Dharawal and Gundungurra People, at the behest of influential settlers. Their neighbours were the Dharawal to their north and Dharug surrounding Sydney, Darkinung , Wiradjuri , Ngunawal and Thurrawal, eastwards peoples. The first recorded settler in Goulburn established 'Strathallan' in 1825 (on
3600-462: The British wool industry strengthened if large numbers of convicts were assigned to these 'men of capital' as cheap labour. Bigge's reports subsequently depicted Macquarie as having an error of conduct in making New South Wales a place for the convicts to reform back into society rather than a place of punishment, and stated that his policies of remediation toward the emancipated were not only 'inexpedient and dangerous' but were 'an act of violence' to
3700-672: The Canberra Rugby League and also the Group 6 Rugby League before folding. The town's junior rugby league team is still called the Goulburn Junior Stockmen. The Goulburn Dirty Reds rugby union team play in the John I Dent Cup third grade and Goulburn City Swans Australian rules club play in a lower grade Canberra competition. Other sports played in the town include soccer, cricket and tennis among others. The Goulburn Medical Clinic
3800-570: The French Army from Egypt . Macquarie sailed with his regiment to Egypt from India with the French already in retreat toward Alexandria . He arrived there two days after the capitulation of Alexandria to the British. Macquarie remained in Egypt for about a year during which time he met up with his brother. Macquarie contracted syphilis while in Egypt. In 1803, Macquarie returned to Britain having amassed
3900-507: The Goulburn Locomotive Roundhouse Preservation Society and is now a museum open to the public with large collection of rolling stock and various exhibits, as well as privately owned locomotives and carriages with some commercial repair work happening on site. Following the completion of the first railway from Sydney to Parramatta Junction in 1855, proposals for the first railways to the rest of NSW included
4000-473: The Governor, named a promising coastal inlet Port Macquarie . Macquarie's policy toward Aboriginal Australians consisted of co-operation and assimilation, backed by military coercion. On arrival in the colony in 1810 Macquarie gave a speech expressing the wish that "Natives of this Country...may be always treated with kindness and attention", and for the next four years very little conflict occurred. However, in
4100-597: The Parramatta Female Orphan School, St James Church , and the Hyde Park Barracks . He also officially named and established Hyde Park as a public recreation area. These buildings were constructed by Macquarie in defiance of the British government's ban on expensive public building projects in the colony and reflect the tension between Macquarie's vision of Sydney as a Georgian city and that of powerful British colonists who saw it as not much more than
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4200-480: The arrival its first judge, Jeffery Hart Bent , Macquarie's relationship with the courts became fractious. Bent, a staunch conservative, brought solicitors Frederick Garling and William Moore with him and refused to hear cases brought by ex-convict lawyers. The subsequent personal antipathy between him and Macquarie resulted in making the court unworkable. Bent complained to the British Government that Macquarie
4300-525: The buildings in the city, including the first public swimming baths opened in 1892; the old Town Hall constructed in 1888; the Goulburn Base Hospital designed in 1886; the old Fire Station built in 1890; the Masonic Temple built in 1928; he also designed the earlier building of 1890 it replaced. Goulburn's first permanent fire station built 1890 and designed by local architect E.C. Manfred. The city
4400-424: The children to the government schools. The Catholic authorities declared that they had no money to install the extra toilets. Nearly 1,000 children turned up to be enrolled locally and the state schools were unable to accommodate them. The strike lasted only a week but generated national debate. In 1963 the prime minister, Robert Menzies , made state aid for science blocks part of his party 's platform. Goulburn has
4500-474: The city), along with the completion of the line from Sydney to Albury in 1883, was a boon to the city. Later branchlines were constructed to Cooma (opened in 1889) and later extended further to Nimmitabel and then to Bombala , and to Crookwell and Taralga . Goulburn became a major railway centre with a roundhouse and engine servicing facilities and a factory which made pre-fabricated concrete components for signal boxes and station buildings. The roundhouse
4600-571: The coast of the Isle of Mull in the Inner Hebrides , a chain of islands off the West Coast of Scotland . His father, Lachlan senior, worked as a carpenter and miller, and was a cousin of a Clan MacQuarrie chieftain. His mother, Margaret, was the sister of the influential Murdoch Maclaine , 19th laird of Lochbuie . Despite this, his parents were relatively poor and probably illiterate, leasing and working
4700-430: The colonial surgeon, while Andrew Thompson and Simeon Lord were appointed as magistrates. The gentry in the colony, known as the "exclusives" were outraged at these appointments with some refusing to work alongside the promoted ex-convicts. However, an 1812 inquiry into the convict system in Australia by a Select committee on Transportation , supported Macquarie's liberal policies. The committee concluded that
4800-543: The colonisation in the Bathurst district, Macquarie personally selected ten settlers, many of whom were emancipists. Obstacles to these social reforms included a severe drought in 1814, causing widespread loss of crops and livestock. Many farmers were close to insolvency with the ensuing depression. Also, the end of the Napoleonic Wars in 1815 brought a renewed flood of both convicts and settlers to New South Wales, doubling
4900-479: The colony should be made as prosperous as possible so as to provide work for the convicts and to encourage them to become settlers after being given their freedom. Macquarie also looked favourably on issuing land grants to emancipists, and in 1811 when wishing to expand British settlement to the south-west, he issued a large amount of 30 and 40 acre grants in the Appin region to ex-convicts. Later, in 1818, when expanding
5000-756: The company in 1929. A former quarry adjacent to the Main Southern railway line in North Goulburn was used to film cliff top scenes in the 2016 film Hacksaw Ridge . The most popular sport in Goulburn is rugby league . The town has a team, the Goulburn City Bulldogs, who play in the Canberra Rugby League . The club was founded in 2020, superseding the Goulburn Workers Bulldogs. Historically, there have been many clubs in Goulburn, including: The Goulburn Stockmen played in both
5100-749: The context of the Church—it had no legal civil authority or implications. An absolute and retrospective declaration to this effect was made in 1865 in the Colenso Case, by the Judiciary Committee of the Privy Council. However, under the authority of the Crown Lands Act 1884 (48. Vict. No. 18), Goulburn was officially proclaimed a City on 20 March 1885 removing any lingering doubts as to its status. This often unrecognised controversy has in no way hindered
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#17328512855045200-499: The creation of the colony's first bank, the Bank of New South Wales , in 1817. Macquarie was given specific instructions to encourage morality and orderliness in the colony. He promoted marriage and church attendance, increased police patrols and made laws against public alcohol consumption. Central to this policy were the emancipists : convicts whose sentences had expired or who had been given conditional or absolute pardons. Macquarie wanted
5300-507: The development of Goulburn as a regional centre, with an impressive court house (completed in 1887) and other public buildings, as a centre for wool selling, and as an industrial town. In 1962, Goulburn was the focus of the fight for state aid to non-government schools. An education strike was called in response to a demand for installation of three extra toilets at a local Catholic primary school, St Brigid's. The local Catholic archdiocese closed down all local Catholic primary schools and sent
5400-665: The diocese. This was the last instance in which Letters Patent were used in this manner in the British Empire, as they had been significantly discredited for use in the colonies, and were soon to be declared formally invalid and unenforceable in this context. Several legal cases over the preceding decade in particular had already established that the monarch had no ecclesiastical jurisdiction in colonies possessing responsible government. This had been granted to NSW in 1856, seven years earlier. The Letters Patent held authority only over those who submitted to it voluntarily, and then only within
5500-579: The distinction of being proclaimed a City on two occasions. The first, unofficial, proclamation was claimed by virtue of Royal Letters Patent issued by Queen Victoria on 14 March 1863 to establish the Diocese of Goulburn. It was a claim made for ecclesiastical purposes, as it was required by the traditions of the Church of England. The Letters Patent also established St Saviour's Church as the Cathedral Church of
5600-483: The early governors who sought to establish Australia as a country, rather than as a prison camp. The nationalist school of Australian historians have treated him as a proto-nationalist hero. Macquarie formally adopted the name Australia for the continent, the name earlier proposed by the first circumnavigator of Australia, Matthew Flinders . The origin of the name "Australia" is closely associated with Macquarie who first used it in an official despatch in 1817. As well as
5700-420: The emancipated convicts and the lavish expenditure of government money on public works, aroused opposition both in the colony and in London, where the government still saw New South Wales as fundamentally a penal colony, a place to be dreaded by the convicts. Therefore, in 1819 Earl Bathurst appointed an English judge, John Bigge , to visit New South Wales and report on its administration. Bigge consulted with
5800-580: The end of the rebellion by being posted in Jamaica at the time of the British defeat in the war. In June 1784 Macquarie returned to Scotland, where he managed the Lochbuie estates of his uncle, Captain Murdoch Maclaine. Through the influence of Maclaine, he was offered a lieutenancy in the 77th (Hindoostan) Regiment of Foot, a British Army unit, which he took up on Christmas Day 1787. The cost of this regiment
5900-410: The established colonists. Macquarie offered his resignation several times, which was accepted in 1820 with Thomas Brisbane replacing him as governor in 1821. Macquarie served longer than any other governor but not long after, in 1824, the overall power within the role was reduced by the introduction of the New South Wales Legislative Council , Australia's first legislative body, appointed to advise
6000-467: The event of the Natives making the smallest show of resistance – or refusing to surrender when called upon so to do – the officers Commanding the Military Parties have been authorized to fire on them to compel them to surrender; hanging up on Trees the Bodies of such Natives as may be killed on such occasions, in order to strike the greater terror into the Survivors. On 17 April, the detachment of 33 grenadiers led by Captain James Wallis managed to corner
6100-604: The ex-convicts to live reformed, law-abiding Christian lives. Initially he favoured Anglicanism only but in 1820 cautiously welcomed officially-approved Catholic priests. Some of these emancipated convicts were either skilled professionals or had become very wealthy by operating commercial enterprises in the colony. Macquarie viewed these types of ex-convicts as ideal models of social transformation, and rewarded them by elevating their social standing and appointing them to important government positions. For example, Francis Greenway became colonial architect, Dr William Redfern became
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#17328512855046200-495: The following day. In making this appointment, the British government changed its practice of appointing naval officers as governor and chose an army commander in the hope that he could secure the co-operation of the corrupt and insubordinate New South Wales Corps . Aided by the fact he arrived in New South Wales at the head of his own unit of regular troops, Macquarie was unchallenged by the New South Wales Corps, whose officers led by John Macarthur had mutinied against and imprisoned
6300-460: The former campus of the Goulburn College of Advanced Education located on the banks of the Wollondilly River . The New South Wales Police Academy is now the largest education institution for law enforcement officers in the southern hemisphere. Since its relocation there has been significant expansion of the facilities including a new site on the Taralga Road which houses the New South Wales Police School of Traffic and Mobile Policing . Goulburn
6400-403: The governor. Macquarie returned to Scotland, and died in London in 1824 while busy defending himself against Bigge's charges. However, his reputation continued to grow after his death, especially among the emancipists and their descendants, who were the majority of the Australian population until the Australian gold rushes . Today he is regarded by many as the most enlightened and progressive of
6500-498: The graveyard adjacent to the cathedral. St Saviour's is the seat of the Bishop of Canberra and Goulburn . The Church of SS Peter and Paul is the former cathedral for the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Canberra and Goulburn . The Goulburn Viaduct was built in 1915 replacing an earlier structure. This brick arch railway viaduct spanning the Mulwaree Ponds is the longest on the Main Southern railway line and consists of 13 arches each spanning 13.1 m (43 ft). Goulburn holds
6600-544: The institution was also a conscious attempt to reduce the influence and future of Indigenous culture and may have contributed to further disillusion and hostility. Macquarie also developed a strategy of rewarding Aboriginals who assisted the British by declaring them 'chiefs of their tribe' and presenting them with a brass breast-plate (known as a gorget ) engraved with their name and title even though it often did not reflect their actual clan status. Macquarie also rewarded these 'chiefs' with small parcels of land set aside for
6700-404: The justice system. Macquarie himself chose to keep the peace with the remaining NSW Corps officers and maintained an ambivalent attitude to the rebellion against Bligh. Part of Macquarie's undertaking of bringing order to the colony was to refashion the convict settlement into an urban environment of organised towns with streets and parks. The street layout of modern central Sydney is based upon
6800-463: The layouts of a number of settlements which today are part of Western Sydney . He also ordered the designing of a street layout for Hobart . A supporter of exploration, Macquarie authorised the 1813 expedition across the Blue Mountains , the first successful British traversal of the region. He ordered the establishment of Bathurst , the first inland British settlement in Australia. While seeking to promote morality and orderliness, Macquarie favoured
6900-418: The liberal treatment of ex-convicts, known as emancipists , appointing them to prominent government positions and providing generous land grants. Despite expressing a desire for Aboriginal peoples to be treated kindly, in 1816 he gave orders that led to the Appin Massacre of Gundungurra and Dharawal people during the Hawkesbury and Nepean Wars . Lachlan Macquarie was born on the island of Ulva off
7000-410: The local indigenous Mulwaree population and the introduction of exotic livestock drove out a large part of the Aboriginal peoples' food supply. The Mulwaree People lived throughout the area covering Goulburn, Crookwell and Yass and belong to the Ngunawal language group. To the north of Goulburn, Gundungurra was spoken within the lands of the Dharawal people. This was due to Gundungurra people of
7100-750: The local taxi service that operates twenty-seven taxis, Goulburn Radio Cabs. A bus service is operated by PBC Goulburn . The Goulburn Post, established as the Goulburn Evening Post in 1870 is Goulburn's local newspaper. It runs three times per week and is owned by Australian Community Media . Radio stations with transmitters located in or nearby to Goulburn include: AM: FM: Depending on location some Illawarra- and/or Canberra-based radio stations can also heard. Commercial radio services from Goulburn are also broadcast to Braidwood . Goulburn receives five free-to-air television networks relayed from Canberra, and broadcast from nearby Mt Gray: A much smaller retransmission site also exists to cover residences in
7200-484: The long distance Southern XPT and Xplorer trains between Sydney and Griffith , Canberra and Melbourne Southern Cross railway station . All services are operated by NSW TrainLink. Goulburn also has eight direct return NSW Trainlink buses to Canberra per week giving access to Canberra Airport , city and hospitals. Goulburn Airport is approximately 7 km (4 mi) south of Goulburn and services light aircraft. Public transport within Goulburn consists of
7300-410: The many geographical features named after him, many institutions in Australia such as Macquarie University in Sydney are also named in his honour. Macquarie was promoted to colonel in 1810, Brigadier-General in 1811 and major-general in 1813, while serving as governor. Macquarie was buried on the Isle of Mull in a mausoleum near Salen with his wife, daughter and son. The grave is maintained by
7400-474: The mountains; as well as if possible to apprehend the Natives who have committed the late murders and outrages, with the view of their being made dreadful and severe examples of, if taken alive. — I have directed as many Natives as possible to be made Prisoners, with the view of keeping them as Hostages until the real guilty ones have surrendered themselves, or have been given up by their Tribes to summary Justice. — In
7500-425: The previous governor, William Bligh . When he arrived in Sydney in 1809 he was accompanied by his Indian "slave-boy" named George Jarvis, whom he had purchased in 1795 for 160 rupees at age 6 (along with a 7-year-old named Hector). Jarvis was named after his deceased wife's brother while Hector later escaped. He wrote about them in his diaries: "very fine, well-looking healthy Black Boys". Macquarie's first task
7600-415: The site of the present Police Academy) and a town was originally surveyed in 1828, although moved to the present site of the city in 1833 when the surveyor Robert Hoddle laid it out. George Johnson purchased the first land in the area between 1839 and 1842 and became a central figure in the town's development. He established a branch store with a liquor licence in 1848. The 1841 census records Goulburn had
7700-437: The site to restore diesel locomotives to working order for main line use. The Railway Barracks built in 1935 is situated opposite the roundhouse. It accommodated the steam engine drivers, and now converted into an accommodation wedding & events centre. Lachlan Macquarie Major General Lachlan Macquarie , CB ( / m ə ˈ k w ɒr ɪ / ; Scottish Gaelic : Lachlann MacGuaire ; 31 January 1762 – 1 July 1824)
7800-514: The south-west in 1815 at the behest of the Governor and named the Lachlan River after him. Macquarie appointed John Oxley as surveyor-general and sent him on expeditions in 1817–18 to further explore the Lachlan River, Liverpool Plains and the north coast of New South Wales and to find suitable lands for colonisation. Oxley, following the tradition of labelling the geographic features after
7900-458: The suburb of Eastgrove. Goulburn's second court house was built in 1847; designed by Mortimer Lewis , the colonial architect . James Barnet , the colonial architect from 1862 to 1890, built a number of buildings in Goulburn. These included the Goulburn Gaol that opened 1884; the current court house that opened in 1887; and a post office in 1881. Barnet's successor, Walter Liberty Vernon ,
8000-518: The successful siege of the Dutch fort at Cochin . A year later Macquarie participated in the taking of Colombo and other Dutch possessions in Ceylon , and was made commander of the occupying garrison at Galle . In May 1797, Macquarie led troops during the campaign against the rebel forces of Pazhassi Raja in the jungles around Manantheri . Employing guerilla tactics, Pazhassi inflicted sizable casualties on
8100-477: The town and ordered the government surveyor James Meehan to survey a regular street layout. This survey determined the form of the current centre of the city of Hobart. Another town-planning reform initiated by Macquarie was made when he ordered all traffic on New South Wales roads to keep to the left. Macquarie is credited with producing the first official currency specifically for circulation in Australia. In 1812 he purchased 40,000 Spanish dollar coins and had
8200-561: The use of their families. The first receiver of these rewards was Bungaree who in 1815 was issued a gorget, a boat and 15 acres at Georges Head . In 1816, gorgets and land parcels were given to Colebee and Nurragingy by Macquarie for their role in assisting the military operations against hostile Aboriginals along the Nepean River. The practice of colonists giving gorgets to 'loyal' Aboriginals continued for many decades throughout Australia. In March 1816, considerable Aboriginal resistance
8300-465: The various initiatives taken by the rebel government—for example, all "pardons, leases and land grants" made by the rebels were revoked. However, after an avalanche of petitions from leaseholders were sent to Macquarie, he soon back-flipped and ratified them all. Although the New South Wales Corps and its monopoly were soon ended, the military influence survived, with officers having sway over
8400-483: The white population. Macquarie utilised his civic building programme to encourage employment and economic activity. Macquarie's efforts to allow emancipists to take up official positions also extended to the judicial system where, due to a lack of solicitors, convicted former lawyers such as Edward Eagar were allowed to take on civil cases. In 1814, with the establishment of the Supreme Court of New South Wales and
8500-464: The winter of 1814 a number of settlers and Aboriginal people were killed in conflict in the Nepean River region. Macquarie initially made proclamations to promote peace but also later sent an armed expedition to patrol the area. Aiming to advance better relations, Macquarie organised a conference at Parramatta on 28 December 1814 for all Aboriginal people in the region, and in January 1815 he opened
8600-626: The workshop in June 2010, in September 2010 Chicago Freight Car Leasing Australia signed a ten-year lease for the site to maintain both its locomotive and wagon fleets. As well as maintaining its own fleet, Chicago Freight Car Leasing Australia also perform maintenance for other operators including Aurizon . The Museum has a collection of railway locomotives, carriages, wagons and other railway equipment including: Other Locomotives Goulburn Goulburn ( / ˈ ɡ oʊ l b ər n / GOHL -bərn )
8700-419: Was a British Army officer and colonial administrator from Scotland . Macquarie served as the fifth Governor of New South Wales from 1810 to 1821, and had a leading role in the social, economic, and architectural development of the colony. He is considered by historians to have had a crucial influence on the transition of New South Wales from a penal colony to a free settlement and therefore to have played
8800-618: Was a great sponsor of British exploration in the colony. He himself participated in a number of expeditions around the Sydney Basin and to other regions including Jervis Bay , Port Stephens , the Hunter River , Bathurst and Van Diemen's Land . He invariably named the landmarks and new settlements he came across after himself, his wife or members of the British aristocracy. In 1813 he authorised Gregory Blaxland , William Wentworth and William Lawson to conduct their successful crossing of
8900-523: Was blameworthy of authoritarian excesses, while Macquarie complained that Bent was insubordinate. As a result, Earl Bathurst , the Secretary of State for the Colonies, in an effort to keep society in the colony functioning, recalled Bent to England and censured Macquarie. This situation contributed to Commissioner John Thomas Bigge being sent in 1819 to enquire into the affairs of New South Wales. Macquarie
9000-543: Was constructed to pump water from the Wingecarribee Reservoir in the Southern Highlands to Goulburn, opening in 2011. This pipeline has a capacity of 7.5 ML per day. The $ 54 million water supply pipeline was at the time the largest construction project in the history of Goulburn. Goulburn is approximately two hours' drive from Sydney via the Hume Highway , or a one-hour drive from Canberra via
9100-600: Was drawn up by Surveyor Hoddle and was gazetted in 1833. Goulburn is the seat of the Goulburn Mulwaree Shire local government area (LGA) of New South Wales, Australia formed in 2004. The most recent elections for Council were held on 4 December 2021. The Police Academy relocated to Goulburn from Sydney in 1984. At this time it was known as the New South Wales Police Academy; however, the name has subsequently changed. The Academy has relocated to
9200-611: Was encountered especially at Silverdale where a large group of Aborigines killed four settlers with a combination of spears and stolen muskets. Macquarie ordered the mobilisation of three detachments of the military in order to go: into the Interior and remote parts of the Colony, for the purpose of Punishing the Hostile Natives, by clearing the Country of them entirely, and driving them across
9300-487: Was established in 1946 making it the most longstanding medical practice in the city. Historically, it was the first group practice of any size established in New South Wales and probably only the third in Australia. The clinic has a mixture of general practitioners and specialists that provide comprehensive healthcare. With a history of water shortages, an 84 km (52 mi) underground water supply pipeline
9400-591: Was home to Kenmore Hospital, a psychiatric hospital which was finally closed in 2003. Goulburn remains a hub for mental health with facilities now located at the Goulburn Base Hospital . The roundhouse at Goulburn was a significant locomotive depot both in the steam and early diesel eras. After closure it became the Goulburn Rail Heritage Centre , a railway museum with preserved steam and diesel locomotives as well as many interesting examples of rolling stock. Some minor rail operators such as RailPower have used
9500-643: Was met by the East India company because it was raised specifically for service in India. Macquarie arrived with his regiment at Bombay in August 1788 where he was stationed for two years. He saw active service from 1790 to 1792 during the Third Anglo-Mysore War , under General Abercromby, participating in the Capture of Cannanore and the 1792 Siege of Seringapatam . He was promoted to Major of Brigade of troops on
9600-516: Was named by surveyor James Meehan after Henry Goulburn , Under-Secretary for War and the Colonies, and the name was ratified by Governor Lachlan Macquarie . The colonial government made land grants to free settlers such as Hamilton Hume in the Goulburn area from the opening of the area to settlement in about 1820. Land was later sold to settlers within the Nineteen Counties , including Argyle County (the Goulburn area). The process displaced
9700-517: Was part of the British entourage headed by Governor Duncan that forced Mir Nasiruddin Khan of Surat to sign a treaty with the East India Company dictating the handover of that province to Company rule. In 1801, Macquarie was appointed by General David Baird as Deputy Adjutant-General of the large British-Indian expeditionary force assigned to link up with Sir Ralph Abercromby 's army to expel
9800-440: Was responsible for the first buildings of Kenmore Hospital, completed in 1894. St Saviour's Anglican Cathedral and Hall were designed by Edmund Blacket . Building started in 1874 and it was dedicated in 1884. It was finally consecrated in 1916. A tower was added in 1988 as part of a Bicentennial project but Blacket's plans included a spire which is yet to be added. E.C. Manfred was a prominent local architect responsible for many of
9900-475: Was the administrative centre for the region and was the location for important buildings of the district. The first lock-up in the town was built in 1830. In 1832 a postal service commenced in Goulburn, four years after the service was adopted in New South Wales. The first town plan had been drawn up by Assistant Surveyor Dixon in 1828, but the site was moved, as it was subject to flooding. The new town plan
10000-578: Was to restore orderly, lawful government and discipline in the colony following the Rum Rebellion of 1808 against Governor William Bligh . Macquarie was ordered by the British government to arrest two of the leaders of the Rum Rebellion, John Macarthur and Major George Johnston . However, by the time that Macquarie arrived in Sydney, both Macarthur and Johnston had already sailed for England to defend themselves. Macquarie immediately set about cancelling
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