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64-606: The river borders the Malaysian state of Kelantan and the Thai province of Narathiwat . The friendship bridge connects the Malaysian town of Rantau Panjang and the Thai town of Su-ngai Kolok . Rantau Panjang is a duty-free zone. Further upstream, a new friendship bridge connects the town of Bukit Bunga on the Malaysian side with the Thai town of Ban Buketa . The Golok River originates in

128-776: A regent , except for the role of head of Islam. Similar to other rulers, the Yang di-Pertuan Agong acts on the advice of the Prime Minister , and has discretionary powers in appointing the Prime Minister that commands a majority in the Dewan Rakyat , the lower house of the Parliament , and refusing a dissolution of the Parliament. The Yang di-Pertuan Agong also appoints the Yang di-Pertua Negeri ,

192-440: A stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . States and federal territories of Malaysia [REDACTED] [REDACTED] Race and politics The states and federal territories of Malaysia are the principal administrative divisions of Malaysia . Malaysia is a federation of 13 states ( Negeri ) and 3 federal territories ( Wilayah Persekutuan ). Eleven states and two federal territories are located on

256-552: A "pauper's bequest" because of the large scope of the matters listed in the Ninth Schedule. The courts themselves have generally favoured a broad interpretation of the language of the Ninth Schedule, thus limiting the number of possible subjects not covered. The Ninth Schedule specifically lists the following matters as those that can only be legislated on by the states: land tenure, the Islamic religion, and local government. Nine of

320-766: A British "advisor". Johor was the last state to succumb to British pressure, receiving an advisor in 1914. These five states were known as the Unfederated Malay States . After World War II in 1946, the British combined the Federated Malay States and the Unfederated Malay States, together with two of the Straits Settlements , Penang and Malacca, to form the Malayan Union which was headed by

384-680: A British governor. Under the terms of the Union, the Malay rulers conceded all their powers to the British Crown except in religious matters. Widespread opposition by Malay nationalists led to the reform of Malayan Union to become the Federation of Malaya in 1948, in which the rulers were restored to their symbolic role as heads of state. The present form of constitutional monarchy in Malaysia dates from 1957, when

448-528: A counteroffer from the Federal Government. Singapore was a Malaysian state from the formation of Malaysia on 16 September 1963 until it was expelled from the Federation on 9 August 1965. During its time as a state of Malaysia , Singapore had autonomy in the areas of education and labour and was the smallest state in Malaysia by land area, but the largest by population. Brunei was invited to join

512-461: A higher degree of autonomy as part of the bargain which were included in the 20-point agreement and 18-point agreement respectively. While both states arguably joined the federation as equals to Malaya, the Malayan government and constitution became the Malaysian government and constitution . The constitutional amendment codifying the enlarged federation initially listed Sabah and Sarawak separately to

576-482: A title if it is granted to her either by order of the ruler or during a coronation ceremony. The consorts of different states have different titles, some do not even receive one. The title of a consort in a state may also change depending on the ruler. For instance, the wife of Sultan Ismail Nasiruddin of Terengganu was known as the Tengku Ampuan Besar, while the wife of his grandson Sultan Mizan Zainal Abidin

640-560: A unique residency status. Passports are required even for Peninsular Malaysians for travelling between either state and Peninsular Malaysia, or between the two states, however those who are on social/business visits up to three months are allowed to produce a MyKad or birth certificate and obtain a special printout form in lieu of a passport. Each state has a unicameral legislature called Dewan Undangan Negeri ( DUN , State Assembly). Members of DUN are elected from single-member constituencies drawn based on population. The state leader of

704-612: Is administered by the Putrajaya Corporation ( Perbadanan Putrajaya ) and Labuan by the Labuan Corporation ( Perbadanan Labuan ); each corporation is headed by a chairman. The states of Sabah and Sarawak merged with the existing states of the Federation of Malaya and Singapore pursuant to the Malaysia Agreement in 1963 to form the independent state of Malaysia. Representatives from Sabah and Sarawak demanded

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768-544: Is based on the Westminster parliamentary system in combination with features of a federation. Nine of the states of Malaysia are constitutionally headed by traditional Malay rulers, collectively referred to as the Malay states. State constitutions limit eligibility for the thrones to male Malay Muslims of royal descent. Seven are hereditary monarchies based on agnatic primogeniture : Kedah , Kelantan , Johor , Perlis , Pahang , Selangor and Terengganu . In Perak ,

832-470: Is generally determined roughly by agnatic primogeniture . No female may become ruler, and female line descendants are generally excluded from succession. In Negeri Sembilan, the Yamtuan Besar of the state is nominally elected by a council of Four Ruling Chieftains ( Undang Empat ), although succession stays within the state royal family. In 1967, after the death of Tuanku Munawir, his son, Tunku Muhriz

896-556: Is known as the Yang di-Pertuan Besar . Every five years or when a vacancy occurs, the rulers convene as the Conference of Rulers ( Malay : Majlis Raja-Raja ) to elect among themselves the Yang di-Pertuan Agong , the federal constitutional monarch and head of state of Malaysia. As the Yang di-Pertuan Agong is elected among the rulers, Malaysia, as a whole, is also an elective monarchy. Each of

960-630: Is on the west coast of Peninsular of Malaysia and is bordered by Perak to the north, Pahang to the east, Negeri Sembilan to the south and the Strait of Malacca to the west. It surrounds the Federal Territories of Kuala Lumpur and Putrajaya , both of which were once under Selangor's territorial sovereignty. The Sultan of Selangor resides in Istana Alam Shah in Klang . The state of Terengganu

1024-588: Is situated in north-eastern Peninsular Malaysia, and is bordered in the northwest by Kelantan , the southwest by Pahang , and the east by the South China Sea . Several outlying islands, including Pulau Perhentian , Pulau Kapas and Pulau Redang , are also a part of the state. The Sultan of Terengganu resides in Istana Syarqiyyah in Kuala Terengganu . In seven of the Malay states, succession order

1088-561: Is the national capital, Putrajaya is the administrative centre of the federal government, and Labuan serves as an offshore financial centre . Kuala Lumpur and Putrajaya were carved out of Selangor, while Labuan was ceded by Sabah. The territories fall under the purview of the Ministry of the Federal Territories , and the Parliament of Malaysia legislates on all matters concerning the territories. Each federal territory elects representatives from single-member constituencies drawn based on population to

1152-559: Is typically moved up, and the branch that formerly held the vacant seat is skipped. However, the order of succession is subjected to alteration by the Sultan and his Royal Council. For example, in 1987, Sultan Azlan Shah appointed his eldest son, Raja Nazrin Shah as the Raja Muda (first in line to the throne), bypassing the candidates from the other two branches. The appointment was due to the demise of

1216-614: The Dewan Rakyat (House of Representatives) of the Parliament. The Yang di-Pertuan Agong appoints senators to represent the territories in the Dewan Negara; Kuala Lumpur has two senators, while Putrajaya and Labuan each has one. The local governments for the territories varies: Kuala Lumpur is administered by the Kuala Lumpur City Hall ( Dewan Bandaraya Kuala Lumpur ), headed by an appointed mayor ( Datuk Bandar ), while Putrajaya

1280-607: The Commander-in-Chief of the Malaysian Armed Forces , and carrying out diplomatic functions such as receiving foreign diplomats and representing Malaysia on state visits . The Yang di-Pertuan Agong is the head of Islam in his own state, the four states without rulers ( Penang , Malacca , Sabah and Sarawak ) and the Federal Territories . The Yang di-Pertuan Agong is required to delegate all his state powers to

1344-445: The Gulf of Thailand at Tak Bai District , Narathiwat Province and Pengkalan Kubor , Kelantan . The Golok floods seasonally with the monsoon . An unusually large flood occurred on 21 December 2009, causing an evacuation of parts of Kelantan. This Kelantan location article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . This article related to a river in Malaysia is

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1408-566: The Malacca Sultanate became the dominant power on the peninsula. The Malacca Sultanate was the first Malay Muslim state based on the peninsula that was also a real regional maritime power. After the fall of Malacca in 1511, several local rulers emerged in the northern part of the peninsula which later fell under Siamese influence, while two princes of the Malaccan royal family founded Johor and Perak respectively. The Sultanate of Johor emerged as

1472-464: The Malay Peninsula , collectively called Peninsular Malaysia ( Semenanjung Malaysia ) or West Malaysia . Two states are on the island of Borneo , and the remaining federal territory consists of islands offshore of Borneo; they are collectively referred to as East Malaysia or Malaysian Borneo. Out of the 13 states in Malaysia, 9 are monarchies. The governance of the states is divided between

1536-718: The Sankalakhiri Mountains in Thailand's Sukhirin District , flowing northeast through Waeng , Su-ngai Kolok and Tak Bai Districts. It is 103 kilometres (64 mi) long. The area the river flows through, especially Sukhirin, used to be a prosperous gold mine since pre- Second World War period. Although today it is not as busy as before, but the gold panning career still continues for Sukhirin residents. The villagers use their gold dredging skills as an addition source of income such as promoting local tourism. The river empties into

1600-570: The Yang di-Pertuan Besar (Yam Tuan Besar), who is the Head of State of Negeri Sembilan. The first Yam Tuan Besar was Raja Melewar , who united the nine small states of Negeri Sembilan, each of which were ruled by a local chieftain. He was sent from the Pagaruyung Kingdom at the request of the Minangkabau nobility in the nine small states in the Malay Peninsula in the 18th century. Raja Melewar

1664-554: The "Special Cabinet Committee To Review the Malaysia Agreement" and directed a Special Task Force Team (Taskforce MA63) to prepare a final report on the 1963 agreement before 31 August 2019. Two years after the failed attempt, on 16 September 2021, Prime Minister Ismail Sabri Yaakob pledged to look into issues relating to Sabah and Sarawak via the Special Council on Malaysia Agreement 1963, with negotiations being chaired by

1728-626: The 2019 proposed amendments by the then Pakatan Harapan government, being tabled by Minister in the Prime Minister's Department (Law and Parliament) Wan Junaidi . Discussions on restoring Sabahans and Sarawakians' rights will continue in the meantime. The same meeting also saw the council agree to empower both the Sabah and Sarawah governments to issue deep fishing licences as opposed to the federal government currently. The amendments were tabled on 3 November 2021, consisting of four changes, being restoring Sabah and Sarawak as "partners", defining Malaysia Day as

1792-495: The Conference is to elect the Yang di-Pertuan Agong every five years or when a vacancy occurs. Only the rulers participate in the election of the Yang di-Pertuan Agong, as well as discussions related to rulers' privileges and religious observances. The Conference's other role in the federal governance of the country is to give consent to amendments of certain entrenched provisions of the federal constitution , namely those pertaining to

1856-614: The Federation but decided not to in the end due to several issues, such as the status of the Sultan within Malaysia, division of Bruneian oil royalties , and pressure from opposition groups which amounted to the Brunei Revolt . Administrative divisions: Malay states The monarchies of Malaysia exist in each of the nine Malay states under the constitutional monarchy system as practised in Malaysia . The political system of Malaysia

1920-416: The Federation of Malaya gained independence. The rulers serve as constitutional heads of their states, with the state executive powers exercised by state governments elected by the people. The rulers elect among themselves a federal head of state, the Yang di-Pertuan Agong, with the federal executive powers exercised by an elected federal government. The form of constitutional monarchy was retained when Malaysia

1984-613: The Luak, namely the Waris Jakun (who inherit the title Dato' Lela Maharaja ) and the Waris Jawa ( Dato' Sedia di-Raja ). As with the undangs of Johol, the son of the eldest sister of the incumbent is the heir in the family. In addition, the district of Tampin has its own hereditary ruler, known as the Tunku Besar. The Tunku Besars of Tampin are descendants of Sharif Sha'aban Syed Ibrahim al-Qadri,

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2048-619: The Prime Minister, joined by the Chief Ministers of Sabah and Sarawak, as well as eight federal ministers. On 19 October 2021, Minister in the Prime Minister's Department (Sabah and Sarawak Affairs) Maximus Ongkili announced a Bill to be tabled in the coming Parliament sitting after the Special Council on Malaysia Agreement 1963 agreed to Articles 1(2) and 160(2) of the Federal Constitution to restore Sabah and Sarawak as equal partners to Peninsular Malaysia. The proposed law differs from

2112-600: The Sultan of Kedah is Anak Bukit , a suburb of Alor Setar . After centuries of subordination by Majapahit , Malacca , Siam and Terengganu , Long Muhammad , son of Long Yunus, declared himself Sultan in 1800 and gained recognition as a tributary by the Siamese. Control over Kelantan was transferred to the British under the Anglo-Siamese Treaty of 1909 . The state capital is Kota Bharu , while Kubang Kerian serves as

2176-401: The Yang di-Pertuan Agong and an executive Chief Minister or Ketua Menteri . except for Sarawak whose head of government is styled 'Premier'. While the population of Malaysia is ethnically and religiously diverse, such diversity is spread throughout the country and not inherently reflected by the borders of the states. There is a significant distinction however between the peninsular states and

2240-491: The ceremonial governors for the four states without rulers, on the advice of the Prime Minister and the Chief Ministers of the states. A unique feature of the constitutional monarchy in Malaysia is the Conference of Rulers , consisting of the nine rulers and the four Yang di-Pertua Negeris . The Conference convenes triannually to discuss various issues related to state and national policies. The most important role of

2304-460: The day when Sabah and Sarawak joined and changes to the definition of the Federation, and defining who are natives of Sabah and Sarawak. On 14 December 2021, the proposed amendment was passed in the Parliament unanimously with 199 votes in favour, and 21 MPs absent from the 6-hour long debate. On 6 January 2022, Minister Ongkili announced the setting up of a joint technical committee to study Sabah's proposal for increased annual grants in addition to

2368-417: The dominant power on the peninsula. The vast territory of Johor led to some areas gaining autonomy, which gradually developed into independent states. In the 19th century, as various infighting among the Malay aristocracy threatened British economic interests in the region, the British began a policy of intervention. The British concluded treaties with some Malay states, installing " residents " as advisors to

2432-406: The existing states of the Federation of Malaya . However, through the process of the amendment, the bill failed to pass following the failure to reach two-thirds majority support (148 votes) in the Parliament with only 138 agreed with the move while 59 abstained from the voting. Nevertheless, the Malaysian federal government agreed to review the 1963 agreement to remedy breaches of the treaty with

2496-480: The federal government and the state governments, while the federal territories are directly administered by the federal government. The specific responsibilities of the federal and the state governments are listed in the Ninth Schedule of the Constitution of Malaysia . Theoretically, any matter not set out in the Ninth Schedule can be legislated on by the individual states. However, legal scholars generally view this as

2560-620: The majority party in DUN is usually appointed Chief Minister by the Ruler or Governor. The term of DUN members is five years unless the assembly is dissolved earlier by the Ruler or Governor on the advice of the Chief Minister. Usually, DUN of the states in Peninsular Malaysia are dissolved in conjunction with the dissolution of the federal parliament , to have state elections running concurrently with

2624-420: The nine rulers serves as the head of state of his own state, as well as the head of the religion of Islam in his state. As with other constitutional monarchs around the world, the rulers do not participate in the actual governance in their states; instead, each of them is bound by convention to act on the advice of the head of government of his state, known as Menteri Besar (pl. Menteri-menteri Besar). However,

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2688-463: The other states had taken their turns. When the office was established in 1957, the order of seniority of the rulers was based on the length of their reigns on the state thrones. When the first cycle of rotation was completed in 1994, the order of the states in the first cycle became the basis of the order for the second cycle. The title of the consort of a monarch is not generally fixed and not automatically obtained by courtesy . A consort may only use

2752-460: The other states, however it was later amended again to list both these entities together with the other states, suggesting a status equal to the original states of Malaya. Sabah and Sarawak still retained a higher degree of autonomy than the peninsular states in areas such as immigration, state revenue, and legislative power over land and local government. However, federal influence over their politics increased over time, including direct interference in

2816-481: The parliamentary election. However, Rulers and Governors hold discretionary powers in withholding consent to dissolve the DUN. Each state sends two senators elected by the DUN to the Dewan Negara (Senate), the upper house of the federal parliament. The Parliament of Malaysia is permitted to legislate on issues of land, Islamic religion and local government to provide for a uniform law between different states, or on

2880-481: The peninsular states, based on historical Malay kingdoms, are known as the Malay states . Each Malay state has a hereditary ruler as titular head of state and an executive Chief Minister or Menteri Besar as politically responsible head of government. The rulers of Johor, Kedah, Kelantan, Pahang, Perak, Selangor and Terengganu are styled Sultans . Negeri Sembilan's elective ruler holds the title of Yamtuan Besar , whereas

2944-516: The previous Raja Muda, Raja Ahmed Sifuddin, and the renouncement of the Raja Di-hilir (second in line to the throne), Raja Ahmad Hisham, for health reasons. The Yang di-Pertuan Agong is elected by and among the nine rulers (excluding minors) every five years or when a vacancy arises (by death, resignation, or deposition by majority vote of the rulers). The Yang di-Pertuan Agong serves a maximum of five years, and may not be re-elected until after all

3008-411: The reign of the 18th Sultan of Perak, when it was decided that the throne would rotate among his three sons and their descendants. There are six positions in the order of succession , appointed by the reigning Sultan advised by his Royal Council. Traditionally, the eldest son of the reigning Sultan is placed at the end of the line. When a vacancy occurs in the line of succession, the persons behind in line

3072-569: The request of the state assembly concerned. The law in question must also be passed by the state assembly as well, except in the case of certain land law-related subjects. Non-Islamic issues that fall under the purview of the state may also be legislated on at the federal level for the purpose of conforming with Malaysian treaty obligations. Each state is further divided into districts , which are then divided into mukim . In Sabah and Sarawak districts are grouped into "Divisions". The 3 federal territories were formed for different purposes: Kuala Lumpur

3136-562: The royal city. The main palace for ceremonial functions is Istana Balai Besar, while Istana Negeri serves as the current sultan's residence. The early Sultans of Johor claimed to be a continuation of the Malacca Sultanate . The first Sultan, Sultan Alauddin Riayat Shah II was the son of the last Sultan of Malacca, who reigned from 1528. In the 19th century, with support from the British, the Temenggong family gained recognition as rulers of

3200-471: The ruler of Perlis is titled Raja . The federal head of state, the Yang di-Pertuan Agong (commonly referred to as "King" in English), is elected (de facto rotated) among the nine rulers to serve a 5-year term. Former British settlements and crown colonies of Penang and Malacca (both peninsular), and Sabah and Sarawak (both on Borneo) each have a titular Governor (styled Yang di-Pertua Negeri ) appointed by

3264-507: The ruler of each state has discretionary powers in appointing the Menteri Besar that commands a majority in the state legislative assembly , and refusing a dissolution of the state assembly when requested by the Menteri Besar. The powers of the monarchs have been restricted over time, although there is debate about the precise limits of their powers. The Yang di-Pertuan Agong is the federal head of state . His symbolic roles include being

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3328-567: The rulers, who soon became the de facto ruling powers of their states. These residents held power in everything except in religious affairs and Malay customs. In 1895, the governance of Negeri Sembilan, Pahang, Perak and Selangor were combined as the Federated Malay States , headed by a Resident General based in Kuala Lumpur . The British wrestled Kedah, Kelantan, Perlis and Terengganu from Siamese influence, and in turn they each received

3392-817: The son-in-law of Raja Ali, a member of the state royal family who challenged the reign of the Yang di-Pertuan Besar in the early 19th century. The modern royal house of Pahang is a branch of the royal family of Johor. They held the title of Bendahara. In 1853, the Bendahara, Tun Muhammad Tahir, broke away from the Johor sultan and declared the state of Pahang independent. He was later deposed by his brother Ahmad, who declared himself Sultan in 1884. The Sultan of Pahang resides in Istana Abdulaziz in Kuantan . Syed Hussein Jamalullail ,

3456-554: The sons of Syed Abu Bakar Jamalullail, the chief of Arau , and a daughter of Sultan Dziaddin of Kedah , was recognised as Raja of Perlis by the Siamese after helping them suppress a rebellion by the Raja of Ligor , a microstate in the Pattani region. The Jamalullails are of Arab descent and continue to rule the state of Perlis. The seat of the Raja of Perlis is Arau . The Perak sultanate

3520-520: The state assemblies. In conjunction with the celebration of Malaysia Day in 2018 under the new Pakatan Harapan (PH) government, Prime Minister Mahathir Mohamad promised to restore Sabah and Sarawak status in the Malaysian federation in accordance with the Malaysia Agreement , restoring "their status from merely a state to an equal partner of the Malayan states". Although the status of both entities were clearly defined in Article I, Malaysia Agreement 1963 as 'states' which shall be federated with

3584-399: The state. Its first sultan, Maharaja Abu Bakar is known as the founder of "modern Johor". His descendants rule the state today. The Sultan of Johor resides in the capital, Johor Bahru . Negeri Sembilan's monarchy incorporates a form of federalism , whereby the state is divided into smaller luak (chiefdoms), each with a ruling undang (chieftain). Four of the major chieftains elect

3648-402: The status of the rulers, the special privileges of the Bumiputra , the status of the Malay language as the national language, and the status of Islam as the religion of the federation. Historically, various Malay kingdoms flourished on the Malay Peninsula . The earliest kingdoms were influenced by Hindu culture, the most notable being Langkasuka in present-day Kedah. In the 15th century,

3712-404: The throne rotates among three branches of the royal family loosely based on agnatic seniority . One state, Negeri Sembilan , is an elective monarchy ; the ruler is elected from male members of the royal family by hereditary chiefs. All rulers, except those of Perlis and of Negeri Sembilan, use the title of Sultan . The ruler of Perlis is styled the Raja , whereas the ruler of Negeri Sembilan

3776-414: The title Dato' Klana Petra . The Undang of Jelebu is elected among the four noble houses, Waris Jelebu, Waris Ulu Jelebu, Waris Sarin and Waris Kemin. Undang of Johol are a succession of members of two families in the female line which are Perut Gemencheh and Perut Johol. The son of the eldest sister of the incumbent is usually the heir. The Undang of Rembau alternates between the two major noble houses in

3840-460: The two states of East Malaysia, Sabah and Sarawak , which have significant indigenous populations. Both states have greater autonomy that those on the peninsula, including additional powers over their immigration controls as part of the 20-point agreement and 18-point agreement drawn up by the respective states when they, together with the Federation of Malaya and Singapore, formed Malaysia. They have separate immigration policies and controls and

3904-415: Was formed in 1963. According to the Hikayat Merong Mahawangsa , the Kingdom of Kedah was founded around 630 CE by Maharaja Derbar Raja, who arrived from Gameroon , Persia . The Sultanate of Kedah was founded when the last Hindu king, Phra Ong Mahawangsa, converted to Islam in 1136. He took the name Sultan Mudzafar Shah . Sultan Mudzafar's descendants continue to rule Kedah today. The seat of

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3968-404: Was founded by the son of the last sultan of Malacca, Sultan Muzaffar Shah. His descendants still live until this day. The Sultan of Perak resides in Istana Iskandariah in Kuala Kangsar . The first Sultan of Selangor was HRH Sultan Sallehuddin Shah of Selangor. He took the title as the Sultan in November 1742. He was the son of the famous Bugis warrior Prince Daeng Chelak. The state of Selangor

4032-400: Was not selected as the next Yamtuan Besar because of his youth. Instead, the Chieftains elected his uncle, Tuanku Jaafar , to succeed his father. In 2008, upon the death of Tuanku Jaafar, the Chieftains passed over Jaafar's sons and elected Tunku Muhriz as the next ruler. In Perak, the throne is rotated among three branches of the royal family. The system originated in the 19th century during

4096-444: Was succeeded by other princes sent from Pagaruyung, whose sons did not inherit the throne until Raja Raden in 1831, who was the son of Raja Lenggang. The seat of the Yam Tuan Besar is Seri Menanti . Chieftains are selected among the nobility in each Luak, following matrilineal inheritance, part of the state's Adat perpatih customs. The Undang of Sungai Ujong is chosen among the Waris Hulu and Waris Hilir families, and inherits

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