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65-623: Tunku Besar (Malay literally meaning "grand prince") is the title of the heir presumptive of the throne of Negeri Sembilan , Malaysia . In ancient times it was also the title of the heir apparent of Melaka , Johor , Pahang (all in Malaysia) as well as several Malay sultanates in Sumatra , Indonesia . Tunku Burhanuddin is best known as father of Negeri Sembilan queens. Three of his daughters served as Tunku Ampuan or queen consorts. His eldest daughter, Tunku Kurshiah binti Almarhum Tunku Besar Burhanuddin

130-484: A rumah gadang includes: Some symbolisms of the house, for example, relate to the gonjong reaching to god and the dindiang tapi , which is traditionally made of plaited strips of bamboo, symbolizing the strength and utility of the community which is formed when individual Minangkabau become part of the larger community instead of standing alone. The peaks of the roof are said to represent buffalo horns as well as reaching to god mentioned earlier. The pillars of

195-581: A mountain pass on the boundary between Sungai Ujong and Terachi. The British attacked Bukit Putus from both the front and back. The Gurkhas successfully captured the Malay stockade at Bukit Putus. The Malays retreated after the surprise appearance of Sungai Ujong Resident P.J. Murray's forces from behind. The inhabitants of the Terachi Valley fled, villages were burned, and Yamtuan Antah 's palace in Seri Menanti

260-548: A city (Bandar Raya), as it had experienced significant population growth. To make this possible, its city council had to be merged with the Nilai Municipal Council . After several postponements, Seremban officially attained city status on 20 January 2020. Later that same year on 9 November, Negeri Sembilan was placed under the Movement Control Order lockdown due to increasing COVID-19 infections. Facing

325-404: A legend concerning a battle between two water buffaloes from which the 'Minangkabau' name is thought to have been derived. The roof peaks themselves are built up out of many small battens and rafters . The women who share the house have sleeping quarters set into alcoves – traditionally odd in number – that are set in a row against the rear wall and curtained off by the vast interior space of

390-569: A year. Dry seasons usually starts shortly after the first monsoonal transition and lasts until August to September, as the moisture brought by the southwesterly Indo-Australian Monsoon are blocked by the Barisan Mountains in Sumatera , creating a rainshadow effect on the eastern coast of the island and the Malay Peninsula . In the corresponding Borneo-Australian Monsoon that blows from

455-658: Is a state in Malaysia which lies on the western coast of Peninsular Malaysia . It borders Selangor on the north, Pahang in the east, and Malacca and Johor to the south. Negeri Sembilan has diverse tropical rainforests and an equatorial climate. The state's mountain ranges belong to the Titiwangsa Mountains , a southern subrange of the Tenasserim Hills that span throughout southern Myanmar, southern Thailand and Peninsular Malaysia, with Mount Besar Hantu as

520-534: Is always based upon the natural environment. A well-known adat aphorism says, 'nature is our teacher. Ninety-four motifs have been observed on rumah gadang . Thirty-seven of them refer to flora, such as kaluak paku (' fern tendrils '), saluak laka ('interwoven rattan '), pucuak rabuang (' bamboo shoots '), areca-nut palms , and lumuik hanyuik ('washed-away moss'). Twenty-eight motifs refer to fauna, such as tupai tatagun ('startled squirrel'), itiak pulang patang ('ducks going home in

585-595: Is home to one of the most diverse range of peoples in the Southeast Asian archipelago. This diversity is reflected in a range variety of often dramatic traditional homes known as rumah adat . The most common housing forms have traditionally been wooden and raised on piles, built of locally gathered materials, with steeply pitched roofs. In addition to the Minangkabau's rumah gadang , the Batak of Lake Toba region build

650-401: Is named bapaserek or surambi papek ("without veranda"). The larger and more opulent houses, have higher walls and multiple roofs, often with five elements inserted into each other, and supported by large wooden columns. Variations on the number of columns are known as the gajah maharam ("elephant kneeling"), which may have forty columns resulting in a shorter and stouter form, and

715-551: Is the custom of merantau whereby many of the men will travel far afield for work, returning only periodically to their village of origin. Money earned on these trips is remitted for the building of contemporary rumah adat . A communal rumah gadang is a long house , rectangular in plan, with multiple gables and upsweeping ridges, forming buffalo horn-like ends. They normally have three-tiered projections, each with varying floor levels. They are broad and set on wooden piles that can reach as high as 3 metres (10 ft) off

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780-533: Is the fourth smallest state in Malaysia by area and the second largest in the southern region behind Johor. Its shape is roughly pentagonal . Topographically, Negeri Sembilan consists of two plains divided by a mountainous spine in the middle. This region is well drained by various rivers on both sides. The Titiwangsa Mountains , the southernmost extension of the Tenasserim Hills and the wider Indo-Malayan Cordillera, spans approximately 92 km (57.1 mi) through

845-569: The anjuang of the Koto Piliang model. The Pagaruyung Palace is built in the traditional Minangkabau rumah gadang architectural style, but one unusual aspect is that it has three levels. In West Sumatra some modern government and commercial buildings, and domestic houses ( rumah gedung ), have adopted elements of the rumah gadang style. There has been a sizable Minangkabau settlement in Negeri Sembilan (now in Malaysia ) since

910-412: The labuah gajah (elephant road), for living and ceremonial events. A number of rice barns ( rangkiang ) ideally accompany a rumah gadang , with each having a different name and function. The rangkiang sitinjau lauik , contains rice for the family, particularly for adat ceremonies. The rangkiang sitangka lapa contains rice for donation to poor villagers and for times of famine in

975-417: The rajo babandiang ('design of grandeur') with fifty pillars and a more slender form. An additional six columns are required at each end for the anjuang of the Koto Piliang variation. A Minangkabau traditional council hall , known as a balai adat , appears similar to a rumah gadang . This type of building is used by clan leaders as a meeting place, and it is not enclosed by walls, except for

1040-608: The Malay Annals , Parameswara reportedly visited the settlement of Sening Ujong , which was located in what is now Seremban. The Minangkabaus from Sumatra settled in what is today Negeri Sembilan in the 15th century, under the protection of the Malacca Sultanate and later the Sultanate of Johor . They also brought their matrilineal custom, known as Adat Perpatih , which became the local custom. The Linggi River along

1105-516: The Undangs , thus they are known as the Luak Berundang . In addition, there are four luaks that are protected under two of the Luak Berundang , which are Gemencheh, Ayer Kuning and Pasir Besar, which are protectorates of Johol; as well as Linggi, a protectorate of Sungai Ujong. The luaks surrounding Seri Menanti such as Terachi, Ulu Muar, Jempol, Gunung Pasir and Ineh are collectively known as

1170-608: The British intervened militarily in a leadership tussle in Sungai Ujong to preserve British economic interests and placed the domain under the control of a British Resident . Jelebu followed in 1883 and Rembau in 1887. Their presence was detested by the locals, which eventually paved the way to a deadly civil war and subsequent breakup. In 1875, British forces, accompanied by Arab mercenaries and Gurkha , engaged Malay defenders in Paroi at

1235-609: The Federation of Malaya in 1948 and became a state of Malaysia in 1963. In the 1990s and 2000s, Seremban and Nilai attracted people who migrated from the overcrowded towns of the Klang Valley. These two cities also became home to new factories and industrial parks, contributing to the state's modern development. On 9 September 2009, the Ministry of Housing and Local Government approved the state capital of Seremban's application to become

1300-654: The Luak Tanah Mengandung . Lastly, the Luak of Tampin, also known as the Adat Territory of Tampin (Malay: Wilayah Adat Tampin ), holds a semi-autonomous status and is ruled by the Tunku Besar . Negeri Sembilan experiences equatorial climate ( Köppen climate classification : Af ), which is hot and humid all year round. Thunderstorms are mostly prevalent during the period of monsoonal transitions that occur twice

1365-681: The Naning War . Ulu Pahang became the Bera region of Pahang, Segamat was annexed by Johor, and Klang became part of the Kuala Langat region of Selangor. After Raja Melewar's death in 1795, a series of disputes arose over the succession. For a considerable period, the local nobles appealed to the Minangkabau ruler in Sumatra for a new ruler. However, competing interests supported different candidates, often resulting in further instability and civil war. In 1874,

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1430-537: The Strait of Malacca , Negeri Sembilan is one of the West Coast states of Peninsular Malaysia . It is specifically part of the southern region, along with Malacca and Johor. However, some sources define Negeri Sembilan as a central region state with Selangor and the federal territories of Kuala Lumpur and Putrajaya . The state is slightly smaller than Selangor , with a total land area of 6,686 km² (430 sq mi). It

1495-802: The Wisma Negeri in the state capital, Seremban . The State Executive Council consists of the Menteri Besar (Chief Minister), who is its chairman, and ten other members. The Menteri Besar and the other members of the council are appointed by the Yang Di-Pertuan Besar from the members of the State Assembly of the governing party or coalition. The current Menteri Besar of the state is Aminuddin Harun . Minangkabau architecture Rumah Gadang ( Minangkabau : "big house") or Rumah Bagonjong "house for

1560-456: The dialect of Malay spoken . Unlike the hereditary monarchs of the other royal Malay states , the ruler of Negeri Sembilan is elected and is known as Yang di-Pertuan Besar instead of Sultan . He is elected by the council of Undangs who lead the four largest territories of Sungai Ujong , Jelebu , Johol , and Rembau , from the legitimate male members of the Pagaruyung dynasty, with

1625-406: The equator , Sumatra has a monsoonal climate and, although more rain falls between October and May, there is no extended rainless dry season . Despite large-scale deforestation , Sumatra still has millions of acres of unexploited rainforests that provide building materials . The great hardwood trees required for large scale construction are now, however, in strictly limited supply. Sumatra

1690-585: The matrilineal Minangkabau society, the Rumah Gadang is owned by the women of the family who live there; ownership is passed from mother to daughter. The houses have a dramatic curved roof structure with multi-tiered, upswept gables. Shuttered windows are built into walls incised with profusely painted floral carvings. The term Rumah Gadang usually refers to the larger communal homes; however, smaller single residences share many of its architectural elements. In West Sumatra , traditional Rumah Gadang reflects

1755-523: The Battle of Paroi. Despite initial setbacks, the British ultimately prevailed, capturing the Malay stronghold. Casualties were heavy on both sides, with the British and Arab contingents suffering 37 killed and wounded, while the Malay had around 35 deaths and many wounded. After the Battle of Paroi, the British waited for Gurkha reinforcements, which arrived on 10 December 1875. The Malays fortified Bukit Putus,

1820-560: The Minangkabau people and has become the symbol of West Sumatra and Minangkabau culture. Throughout the region, numerous buildings demonstrate the design elements of Rumah Gadang , from genuine vernacular timber masonry structures built for customary ceremonies to the more mundane modern structures like those of government offices and public facilities. Today, Rumah Gadang architectural elements, especially its gonjong horn-like curved roof, can be found in modern structures, such as governor and regencies office buildings, marketplaces, hotels,

1885-529: The Minangkabau people" ( Minangkabau : "spired roof house") are the traditional homes ( Indonesian : "rumah adat" ) of the Minangkabau in West Sumatra , Indonesia . The architecture, construction, internal and external decoration, and the functions of the house reflect the culture and values of the Minangkabau. A Rumah Gadang serves as a residence, a hall for family meetings, and for ceremonial activities. In

1950-421: The Minangkabau woven songket textiles, with colors thought to have been derived from Chinese brocades . Traditionally, the motifs do not show animals or humans in a realistic form, although some may represent animals, human beings, or their activities or behavior. The motifs are based on the Minangkabau concept of aesthetics, which is part of their view of their world ( Alam Minangkabau ) in which expression

2015-582: The Pasoh Caves, a complex of karst caves near Simpang Pertang in the Jelebu district. Artefacts found around the caves include stone tools and food remains, estimated to date from 12,000 BCE based on carbon dating . The early inhabitants of Negeri Sembilan were the ancestors of the Semelai , Semai , Semang , and Jakun peoples, who lived either as hunter-gatherer nomads or as subsistence farmers. According to

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2080-619: The Ruler of Negeri Sembilan is elected to his office by the territorial chiefs or Ruling Chiefs of the state. These Ruling Chiefs are titled Undang. Only four of the Undangs have the right to vote in the election for the Ruler of the State. They are: The Undang themselves cannot stand for election, and their choice of Ruler is limited to a male Muslim who is Malay and also a "lawfully begotten descendant of Raja Radin ibni Raja Lenggang". The Assembly convenes at

2145-671: The Strait of Malacca and the South China Sea . As Johor weakened in the 18th century, attacks by the Bugis forced the Minangkabaus to seek protection from their homeland. The Minangkabau ruler, Sultan Abdul Jalil, obliged by sending his near relative, Raja Mahmud, also known as Raja Melewar . When Raja Melewar arrived, he found that another royal, Raja Khatib had already established himself as ruler. He declared war against Raja Khatib and became

2210-684: The Yang di-Pertuan Besar, Undang of Sungei Ujong, Undang of Jelebu, Undang of Johol, Undang of Rembau and Tengku Besar Tampin are vested with the Executive Power of the state, are the Head of the Religion of Islam in the state and are the fountain of all honour and dignity for the state. The current Yang di-Pertuan Besar is Muhriz of Negeri Sembilan . He succeeded Ja'afar of Negeri Sembilan who died on 27 December 2008. Unlike Malaysia's eight other Royal Malay states,

2275-549: The administrative level, Negeri Sembilan consists of seven districts, namely the Port Dickson , Seremban , Rembau , Kuala Pilah , Jelebu , Jempol and Tampin Districts . The state is also has 14 luaks which are: Sungai Ujong , Rembau, Jelebu, Johol , Tampin , Ulu Muar , Terachi , Ineh , Jempol, Gunung Pasir , Gemencheh , Pasir Besar , Ayer Kuning , and Linggi . Sungai Ujong, Rembau, Johol and Jelebu are governed by

2340-644: The afternoon) which symbolizes co-operation and homecoming wanderers, and kumbang janti (golden bumblebee). The remaining twenty-nine motifs refer to humans and sometimes their activities or behavior, such as rajo tigo (three kings of the realm), kambang manih (sweet flower, used to describe an amiable girl) and jalo takambang (casting a net). The rumah gadang is built in one of two basic designs: koto piliang and bodi caniago . These forms reflect different two variations of Minangkabau social structure . The koto piliang design reflects an aristocratic and hierarchical social structure, with

2405-420: The boat-shaped jabu with dominating carved gables and dramatic oversize roofs, and the people of Nias build the fortified omo sebua houses on massive ironwood pillars with towering roof structures. The Minangkabau are indigenous to the highlands of central Sumatra . Their culture is matrilineal , with property and land being passed down from mother to daughter; religious and political affairs are

2470-495: The border with Pahang , is the highest point in Negeri Sembilan. The nearby Mount Nuang , which is 31 metres taller, marks the tripoint with Selangor and Pahang at its northernmost point, of which it is the third tallest in the former; while in the south, Mount Ledang , an isolated mountain , marks the tripoint with Malacca and Johor , where it is the highest point of the latter at 1,276 m (4,186.3 ft). On

2535-519: The districts of Jelebu, Kuala Pilah, Jempol, and Tampin. The western half is more developed and has an intricate and concentrated road network compared to the latter, which is predominantly rural. The Negeri Sembilan section of the Titiwangsa Mountains forms a division for four river basins. The Langat and Linggi Rivers flows through the western half, while the Muar and Pahang Rivers constitute

2600-649: The eastern side. The Linggi and Muar rivers are the two major rivers flowing through the state and serve as significant water sources for the population. Its rainforests form part of the Titiwangsa Forest Complex , a component of the Central Forest Spine conservation area that covers much of the heavily forested and mountainous interior of Peninsular Malaysia. Mount Besar Hantu , at 1,462 m (4,797 ft), located in Jelebu District and close to

2665-496: The entire modern-day Negeri Sembilan, it also encompassed parts of what are now Selangor, Malacca, Pahang and Johor. The original nine chiefdoms or domains that made up the first incarnation of Negeri Sembilan in 1773, and gave the state its name, were: However, the latter four chiefdoms were annexed into neighbouring states in the 19th century. Naning was incorporated into the Straits Settlement of Malacca in 1832 following

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2730-477: The facades of Padang restaurants , and Minangkabau International Airport . An istano basa , however, is the largest and most magnificent example of this traditional style. Sumatra is the sixth largest island in the world and since the time of Marco Polo has been referred to as the 'island of gold'. It is the most resource-rich island of Indonesia, including its tea , pepper and rubber plantations, and oil , tin and other mineral resources. Lying on

2795-469: The ground; sometimes with a verandah running along the front face of the house which is used as a reception and dining area, and as a sleeping place for guests. Unlike the Batak Toba homes, where the roof essentially creates the living space, the Minangkabau roof rests on conventional walls. Cooking and storage areas are often in separate buildings. The house is largely constructed of wood; an exception being

2860-478: The highest point. The Titiwangsa also ends here, at Mount Tampin , located south of the state. The capital of Negeri Sembilan is Seremban . The royal capital is Seri Menanti in Kuala Pilah District . Other important towns are Port Dickson (town) , Bahau and Nilai . The economy of Negeri Sembilan is mainly based on agriculture, manufacturing and services . Seremban and Port Dickson Districts are

2925-472: The house containing anjuang (raised floors) at each end to permit elevated seating of clan leaders during ceremonial events. The bodi caniago design reflects a democratic social structure, with the floors being flat and on one level. Large communal homes are entered through a doorway in the centre of the structure which is usually surrounded by a perpendicular porch with a triangular gable and upsweeping peaked ridge end. The variation with no entry porch

2990-402: The ideal rumah gadang are arranged in five rows which run the length of the house. These rows divide the interior into four long spaces called lanjar . The lanjar at the rear of the house is divided into bedrooms ( ruang ). According to adat , a rumah gadang must have at least five ruang, and the ideal number is nine. The other lanjar are used as a common area, called

3055-400: The interior layout, as women are more restricted to the rear of the house than in the case of the matrilineal Sumatran Minangkabau. The construction of a house is subject to specific regulations, laid down by the ancestors and formalised in adat , that need to be observed if the house is to become a beautiful and pleasant building. The construction and maintenance of a rumah gadang is

3120-407: The main living area. Traditionally, large communal rumah gadang will be surrounded by smaller homes built for married sisters and daughters of the parent family. It is the responsibility of the women's maternal uncle to ensure that each marriageable woman in the family has a room of her own. To this end he will build either a new house or, more commonly, annexes to the original one. It is said that

3185-483: The middle of the state. The mountain range starts from the border tripoint with Pahang and Selangor near Kenaboi, Jelebu , and extends towards Tampin , close to the border with Malacca . This geographical feature results in the state being bisected almost diagonally into two regions; western Negeri Sembilan, consisting of the Port Dickson, Seremban, and Rembau Districts; and eastern Negeri Sembilan, which includes

3250-583: The new state's first Resident , and Negeri Sembilan became part of the Federated Malay States the same year. In the first half of the 20th century, rural Negeri Sembilan saw large deforestation due to demand for natural rubber ( Hevea brasiliensis ); 6,188 plantations were counted in 1903 and were 396,065 counted in 1939. It was occupied by the Japanese in World War II between 1942 and 1945, joined

3315-467: The northeast, Negeri Sembilan, along with the states of Melaka, Johor, and the East Coast states of Kelantan, Terengganu and Pahang are the most affected by the monsoonal surge that brings persistently heavy rainfall and cause rough sea conditions in the South China Sea . The Constitution of Negeri Sembilan came into force on 26 March 1959. It is divided into two sections. The constitution establishes that

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3380-409: The number of married daughters in a home can be told by the counting its horn-like extensions; as they are not always added symmetrically, rumah gadang can sometimes look unbalanced. Adolescent boys traditionally live in the village surau , a small mosque. Each element of a rumah gadang has its own symbolic meaning, which is referred to in adat speech and aphorisms . The elements of

3445-526: The province of men. The Minangkabau are strongly Islamic , but also follow their own ethnic traditions, or adat . Minangkabau adat was derived from animistic and Hindu - Buddhist beliefs before the arrival of Islam, and remnants of animistic beliefs exist even among some practicing Muslims. As such, women are customarily the property owners; husbands are only tolerated in the house at certain times and under special conditions and must return to their sisters' house to sleep. Complementing this practice

3510-650: The rear longitudinal wall which is a plain lattice woven in a chequered pattern from split bamboo. The roof is of a truss and cross- beam construction and is typically covered with thatch from the fibre of the sugar palm ( ijuk ), the toughest thatch material available and said to last a hundred years. The thatch is laid in bundles which can be easily fitted to the curved, multi-gabled roof. Contemporary homes, however, are more frequently using corrugated iron in place of thatch. Roof finials are formed from thatch bound by decorative metal bindings and drawn into points said to resemble buffalo horns — an allusion to

3575-463: The ruler of Negeri Sembilan. The Sultan of Johor confirmed his position by granting the title Yamtuan Seri Menanti ( "He Who is Highest Lord of the Seri Menanti ") in 1773. At the time of its establishment, Negeri Sembilan was originally a loose confederation of nine chiefdoms ( luaks) , hence the name. During Raja Melewar's rule, it covered a larger area than its modern-day boundaries. In addition to

3640-530: The seventeenth century, with the chief of the Minangkabau still ruler there. The Negeri Sembilan Minangkabau, however, have adopted the Malay-style roof construction, with continuous ridge piece thatched with lengths of palm-leaf attached to battens. Although this has meant the loss of the characteristic curved roof and has blunter eaves , it is still considered dignified and beautiful. More orthodox Islamic influence has also led to variations such as modifications to

3705-486: The state is Darul Khusus (دار الخصوص; "The Special Abode"). The name of Negeri Sembilan literally translates to "State (of the) Nine". It is believed to have been derived from the nine chiefdoms settled by the Minangkabau , known as Nogoghi in the Negeri Sembilan dialect and now known as luak . The size of modern Negeri Sembilan is smaller than its historical extent. The earliest possible human settlement in Negeri Sembilan can be traced back around 14,000 years to

3770-710: The state's form of government is constitutional monarchy and the world's only elective monarchy for a matrilineal society. The system was partially the basis for the federal monarchy. The official constitutional title of the Ruler of the state are Duli Yang Maha Mulia Yang di-Pertuan Besar Negeri Sembilan , (currently Duli Yang Maha Mulia Yang di-Pertuan Besar Negeri Sembilan Darul Khusus Tuanku Muhriz ibni Almarhum Tuanku Munawir), Yang Teramat Mulia Undang of Sungei Ujong, Yang Teramat Mulia Undang of Jelebu, Yang Teramat Mulia Undang of Johol, Yang Teramat Mulia Undang of Rembau and Yang Teramat Mulia Tengku Besar Tampin and they hold office for life. The state's constitution proclaims

3835-485: The state's major economic hubs, both constituting the Malaysia Vision Valley corridor. The name is believed to derive from the nine ( sembilan ) villages or nagari in the Minangkabau language (now known as luak ) settled by the Minangkabau (or Menangkabau ), a people originally from West Sumatra (in present-day Indonesia). Minangkabau features are still visible today in traditional architecture and

3900-458: The surviving sons of the previous Yamtuan coming first in the considerations but not being obligatory to be voted on, making it one of the more democratic monarchies. Negeri Sembilan is also the only state in Malaysia that is a coregency , where the Yang di-Pertuan Besar , the four Undangs and the Tunku Besar of Tampin together share the power as rulers of the state. The Arabic honorific title of

3965-640: The throne. Both Tunku Kurshiah and Tuanku Najihah also served a five-year term as Raja Permaisuri Agong or Queen of Malaysia . His granddaughter, Tuanku Bahiyah , daughter of Tunku Kurshiah , was Sultanah of Kedah and also served a term as Raja Permaisuri Agong . His grandson, Tuanku Muhriz , son of Tunku Ampuan Durah is the current Yang di-Pertuan Besar of Negeri Sembilan . Tunku Besar Burhanuddin died in 1961. Negeri Sembilan Negeri Sembilan ( Malay pronunciation: [ˈnəgəri səmbiˈlan] , Negeri Sembilan Malay : Nogori Sombilan , Nismilan ), historically spelled as Negri Sembilan ,

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4030-462: The village. The rangkiang sibayau-bayau contains rice for the daily needs of the family. The Minangkabau traditionally embellish the wooden walls, pillars, and ceilings of the Rumah Gadang with bas-relief carved wooden motifs that reflect and symbolize their adat . The motifs comprise profuse floral designs based on a simple underlying geometric structure. The motifs are similar to those of

4095-738: The western part of the state, and the Muar River were used as major trade routes since the time of the Malacca Sultanate. The former linked the tin-rich area of Sungai Ujong to the port city of Malacca ; while the latter, along with the Pahang River via the Serting River in walking distance to the east, formed part of the Laluan Penarikan (lit. 'portage route' in Malay ), facilitating access between

4160-567: Was destroyed. The formation of modern Negeri Sembilan began in 1889, when the Seri Menanti domain, under the rule of Tuanku Muhammad (son of Yamtuan Antah ), combined with the domains of Tampin and Rembau , forming the Seri Menanti Confederation as a single political entity. The domains of Sungai Ujong and Jelebu joined this confederation in 1895, forming the state of Negeri Sembilan in its modern borders. Martin Lister became

4225-544: Was married to Tuanku Abdul Rahman and was Tunku Ampuan from 1933. She was succeeded as Tunku Ampuan by her sister and Tunku Burhanuddin's second daughter, Tunku Ampuan Durah, who was married to Tunku Munawir . Tunku Burhanuddin's youngest daughter, Tuanku Najihah was the Tunku Ampuan of Negeri Sembilan . She was formerly the Tunku Ampuan Besar or Queen Consort of Negeri Sembilan from 1967 to 2008, when she ascended to

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