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43-405: This unique form of government later inspired the first Prime Minister of Malaysia , Tunku Abdul Rahman , to implement a form of rotational constitutional monarchy for a newly independent Federation of Malaya (now Malaysia ). Thus, the office of Yang di-Pertuan Agong was created. Negeri Sembilan has been receiving migrants from Sumatra for hundreds of years. Prior to the establishment of

86-813: A caretaker capacity. Colour key (for political coalitions/parties):     Alliance Party (2)     Barisan Nasional (6)     Pakatan Harapan (2)     Perikatan Nasional (1) Hisamuddin Putra Ismail Nasiruddin Abdul Halim Yahya Petra Ahmad Shah Iskandar Azlan Shah Ja'afar Salahuddin Sirajuddin Mizan Zainal Abidin Abdul Halim Muhammad V Abdullah Ibrahim Iskandar Undang The Undang Yang Empat ( Negeri Sembilan Malay : Undang Nan Ompek ; Jawi : أوندڠ يڠ امڤت) are

129-472: A cohesive political state now known as Negeri Sembilan. He was installed as the first Yamtuan Besar of Negeri Sembilan at Penajis in Rembau with the endorsement of all the territorial chiefs. He ruled as Yamtuan from 1773 until his death in 1795. Following the death of Raja Melewar in 1795, the same council of leaders once again set out on a journey to Sumatra. By this time, Negeri Sembilan had risen in importance in

172-713: A consensus of the noble chiefs. For Negeri Sembilan, the State Constitution assigns the choice of successor (Putera Yang Empat) of the Yamtuan to the four Undangs (chiefs). Extract from "The Laws of the Constitution of Negeri Sembilan, 1959": Chapter 3 : THE YANG DI-PERTUAN BESAR VII. (1) There shall be a Yang di-Pertuan Besar of the State to exercise the functions and powers of a Ruler in accordance with this Constitution and who shall take precedence over all other persons in

215-459: A party or coalition who gets 112 seats in lower house will lead the government. The power of the prime minister is subject to a number of limitations. Prime ministers removed as leader of his or her party, or whose government loses a vote of no confidence in the House of Representatives, must advise a new election of the lower house or resign the office. The defeat of a supply bill (one that concerns

258-454: Is revoked by his/her majesty upon the advice of the prime minister. Any minister may resign his/her office. Following a resignation in other circumstances, defeat in an election, or the death of a prime minister, the Yang di-Pertuan Agong would generally appoint as the new leader of the governing party or coalition as new Prime Minister. Malaysia uses first-past-the-post-voting system, which means

301-735: The Federal Constitution , the Yang di-Pertuan Agong shall first appoint a prime minister to preside over the Cabinet . The prime minister is to be a member of the Dewan Rakyat (House of Representatives), and who in his majesty's judgment is likely to command the confidence of the majority of the members of that House. This person must be a Malaysian citizen, but cannot have obtained their citizenship by means of naturalisation or registration. The Yang di-Pertuan Agong shall appoint other ministers from either

344-578: The 2 claimants to the throne were Tunku Antah and Tunku Ahmad Tunggal. With no consensus forthcoming, Datuk Siamang Gagap elevated the widow of Yamtuan Radin, Tuanku Puan Intan as the Regent from 1869 to 1872. The Undang of Johol supported Tunku Antah; the Undang of Sungai Ujong was backing Tunku Ahmad Tunggal; the Undang of Jelebu was undecided with their own problems; the Undang of Rembau wanted their own independence. After 3 years of wrangling, Tunku Antah

387-604: The British Governor of the Straits Settlements, a new agreement was signed by the chiefs of Johol, Ineh, Ulu Muar, Jempol, Terachi and Gunung Pasir. Through this agreement, they acknowledge and ratify Yamtuan Antah as Yamtuan Seri Menanti; the ruler of the Seri Menanti Confederacy. Yamtuan Antah died in 1888, a victim of a smallpox epidemic. In 1888, the son of Yamtuan Antah, Tuanku Muhammad Shah took on

430-628: The British protecting Sungai Ujong. Yamtuan Antah's forces were eventually defeated by British infantry and artillery. Yamtuan Antah surrendered to the British in Johor and was demoted to "Yamtuan Seri Menanti" but he was still determined to obtain an equitable agreement for the entire state. At the urging of the Sultan of Johor , the Governor of the Straits Settlements agreed to reconcile the dispute between Sungai Ujong and

473-521: The Cabinet shall not hold any office of profit and engage in any trade, business or profession that will cause a conflict of interest . The Prime Minister's Department (sometimes referred to as the Prime Minister's Office) is the body and ministry in which the prime minister exercises his/her functions and powers. In the case where a government cannot get its appropriation (budget) legislation passed by

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516-508: The Dewan Rakyat or Dewan Negara (Senate) with the prime minister's advice. The prime minister and his/her cabinet ministers must take and subscribe to the oath of office and allegiance as well as the oath of secrecy in the presence of the Yang di-Pertuan Agong before they can exercise functions of office. The Cabinet is collectively accountable to the Parliament of Malaysia . The members of

559-406: The House of Representatives, or when the House passes a vote of "no confidence" in the government, the prime minister is bound by convention to resign immediately. The Yang di-Pertuan Agong's choice of replacement prime minister will be dictated by the circumstances. All other ministers shall continue to hold office by the pleasure of the Yang di-Pertuan Agong, unless if the appointment of any minister

602-579: The Linggi chief and attempted the murder of the Undang of Rembau. The Negeri chiefs abandoned their machinations, rallied around Raja Radin, elected him to the Seri Menanti throne and went to war against Ali and Sha'ban. Raja Ali was driven out; Sha'ban eventually became the chief of Tampin ; while Raja Kerjan was later killed by the Temenggong of Muar for stealing buffalo. With the appointment of Yamtuan Radin,

645-461: The Minangkabau region. In 1795, the council of Sultan Muning Syah III of Pagaruyung appointed his uncle, Raja Hitam (Rajo Samik II), as Yamtuan Besar. Raja Hitam was son of Sultan Bagagar Syah I of Pagaruyung. Following the Minangkabau matrilineal tradition, Raja Hitam married Raja Melewar's daughter, Tunku Aishah, but they had no children. As a diplomatic gesture, Raja Hitam also married the widow of

688-614: The Padri War. Dutch military forces took possession of Minangkabau territories in 1821. Thus, for the first time in its history, Negeri Sembilan would have its own hereditary leader to continue the Pagaruyung dynasty. Late history covers the period of flux; after the fall of the Pagaruyung dynasty in west Sumatra and before the constitutional era. As the Pagaruyung Kingdom was in tatters in west Sumatra, Yamtuan Lenggang looked to continue

731-477: The State, who is a lawfully-begotten descendant in the male line of Raja Radin ibni Raja Lenggang. (4) Upon the death of a Yang di-Pertuan Besar, leaving male issue him surviving, the Undangs of the territories of Sungai Ujong, Jelebu, Johol and Rembau shall forthwith choose a successor from the said male issue: When the office of Yamtuan Besar was still in its infancy, it was the penghulu of Tanah Mengandung and not

774-451: The State. (2) The Yang di-Pertuan Besar shall be such person as shall be elected by the Undangs of the territories of Sungai Ujong, Jelebu, Johol and Rembau in the manner hereinafter provided and in accordance with the custom of the State. (3) No person shall be elected as Yang di-Pertuan Besar of the State unless He shall be a male of the Malay race, of sound mind and professing the religion of

817-624: The Undang Yang Empat trace their history and rank back to the four Batins (Sakai Chiefs) of Johol, Sungei Ujong, Jelebu and Klang, with Rembau later taking the position left vacant by Klang. The ruling chiefs are selected among the nobility in each luak (district), following matrilineal inheritance, part of the state's adat perpatih customs. The senior wife of an Undang has the honorific title of "To' Puan" or "Toh Puan". The Undangs carry out duties such as co-head of state, co-head of Islam as state religion, upholding and safeguarding

860-488: The Undang who were influential in the choice of the incumbent. Prime Minister of Malaysia [REDACTED] [REDACTED] Race and politics The prime minister of Malaysia ( Malay : Perdana Menteri Malaysia ; Jawi : ڤردان منتري مليسيا ‎ ) is the head of government of Malaysia . The prime minister directs the executive branch of the federal government . The Yang di-Pertuan Agong appoints

903-725: The Yamtuan Besar the area was ruled by the Sultan of Malacca. After Malacca was defeated by the Portuguese , it was ruled by the Sultanate of Johor . Even during the 18th century, several groups of Minang people had expanded to the Malay Peninsula especially around the areas of Rembau , Naning and Sungai Ujong but retained strong links to their homeland in Sumatra. During this period, Rembau

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946-412: The advice of the Cabinet or a minister acting under the Cabinet's general authority. Thus, in practice, actual governing authority is vested in the Prime Minister and Cabinet. From time to time, prime ministers are required to leave the country on business and a deputy is appointed to take their place during that time. In the days before jet aeroplanes, such absences could be for extended periods. However,

989-534: The bloodline to the Minangkabau Pagaruyung dynasty remained unbroken. Yamtuan Radin ruled for 30 years before he died in 1861. After the death of Yamtuan Radin, his son Tunku Antah was quite young and after some consternation among the Negeri chiefs, they appointed Raja Imam as Yamtuan in 1861. Yamtuan Imam ruled for eight years and died in 1869. He had a son, Tunku Ahmad Tunggal. Upon the death of Yamtuan Imam,

1032-661: The brother of Sultan Ibrahim of Selangor; having four children, including a daughter, Tunku Ngah. He died in 1808. Once again in 1808, the leaders of Negeri Sembilan went to Minangkabau in search of someone to replace their leader. At this time, the Minangkabau Confederacy was in the middle of the Padri War against religious militant extremists promoting Wahhabism . The council of Sultan Bagagar Syah III ( Sultan Tangkal Alam Bagagar & Muning Syah V) of Pagar Ruyung appointed his uncle, Raja (Ali) Lenggang Laut. Raja Lenggang

1075-410: The date of its first meeting. Article 55(4) of the Constitution permits a delay of 60 days in the holding of the general election from the date of dissolution and Parliament shall be summoned to meet on a date not later than 120 days from the date of dissolution. Conventionally, between the dissolution of one Parliament and the convening of the next, the prime minister and the cabinet remain in office in

1118-419: The districts were separately vying for power against each other while a greater problem of interference, incursions and invasion loomed over them from Bugis controlled Johor and Selangor. All this amid the stream of pretenders claiming the throne, including Raja Kasah, Raja 'Adil and Raja Khatib. Raja Melewar is credited with the successful unification the main districts and numerous outlying settlements into

1161-586: The dynasty with what was left in Negeri Sembilan. He proposed his young son, Raja Radin (Raden), to be the next YamTuan but the district Undangs were hesitant. After he died, there were 5 claimants to the throne: Raja Beringin was largely ignored; while Raja Sati bickered against his benefactor and was removed. In 1832, the Negri chiefs objected when Raja Ali declared himself Yamtuan and his son-in-law, Sayid Sha'ban as Yamtuan Muda. Ali and Sha'ban went to war with

1204-411: The first Yang di-Pertuan Agong of Malaya in 1957 (during which time his brother Tunku Laksamana Nasir was regent). Tuanku Abdul Rahman's son, Tuanku Munawir , ascended the throne in 1960 and ruled until 1967. When Tuanku Munawir died, his brother, Tuanku Ja'afar Tuanku Abdul Rahman , became the ruler of Negri Sembilan, by-passing Munawir's son Muhriz of Negeri Sembilan , who at 19 years of age

1247-489: The formal adoption of a State Constitution wherein the chiefs of territories of Jelebu, Johol, Sungai Ujong and Rembau were officially elevated to the status of Undang ; and the Yamtuan would exercise control over the districts of Gunung Pasir, Ineh, Jempol, Terachi and Ulu Muar. Tuanku Muhammad died in 1933 after a long reign as Yamtuan Besar, the longest in the history of the state. Tuanku Muhammad's son, Tuanku Abdul Rahman , took over in 1933. Tuanku Abdul Rahman later became

1290-399: The government's legislation through the House of Representatives is mostly a formality. Under the Constitution, the prime minister's role includes advising the Yang di-Pertuan Agong on: Under Article 39 of the Constitution, executive authority is vested in the Yang di-Pertuan Agong. However, Article 40(1) states that in most cases, the Yang di-Pertuan Agong is bound to exercise his powers on

1333-411: The legendary Raja Melewar was elected in 1773 as the first ruler of Negeri Sembilan. The council of Sultan Malenggang Alam of Pagaruyung appointed his uncle, Raja Mahmud (Rajo Mangiang), to rule this new outpost of the Minangkabau region. Raja Mahmud was grandson of Sultan Alif II of Pagaruyung. He later became known as Raja Melewar upon ascension to Negeri Sembilan 's throne. Prior to Raja Melewar,

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1376-483: The noble families of Sakai and Jakun belonging to the Biduanda clan. These "penghulus" , notably that of Sungai Ujong , Jelebu , Johol and Rembau became powerful enough to exalt themselves above the other "penghulus" . These penghulus later acknowledged by the sultan of the old Johor Empire as a sovereign in their own territory. By the early part of the 18th century, the leaders of these four territories started using

1419-439: The other districts. Suggestions to the British from the Undang of Sungai Ujong amongst others was the installation of a new Sultan (from Muar) and appointing Tunku Ahmad Tunggal as "Malay Captain" for all territories except Sungai Ujong. By 1877, every district and territory in Negeri Sembilan had separate agreements with the British which included arbitration by the Sultan of Johor; but this proved unworkable. In 1887, witnessed by

1462-419: The position can be fully decided by the Yang di-Pertuan Agong, the king of Malaysia when the position remains empty following the sudden resignation or death of the prime minister. Under Article 55(3) of Constitution of Malaysia , the lower house of Parliament , unless sooner dissolved by the Yang di-Pertuan Agong with his own discretion on the advice of the prime minister, shall continue for five years from

1505-476: The prime minister as a member of Parliament (MP) who, in his opinion, is most likely to command the confidence of a majority of MPs. The prime minister is usually the leader of the party winning the most seats in a general election. After the formation of Malaysia on 16 September 1963, Tunku Abdul Rahman , the chief minister of the Federation of Malaya , became the first prime minister of Malaysia. According to

1548-450: The ruling chiefs or territorial chiefs who play an important role in the election of a new Yang di-Pertuan Besar of Negeri Sembilan , Malaysia . The name is believed to be derived from the Malay word undang-undang meaning "law". The Minangkabau who settled at Negeri Sembilan , in present-day Malaysia at the end of the 17th century ruled by a "penghulu" or headman who was chosen from

1591-556: The spending of money) or unable to pass important policy-related legislation is seen to require the resignation of the government or dissolution of Parliament , much like a non-confidence vote, since a government that cannot spend money is hamstrung, also called loss of supply . The prime minister's party will normally have a majority in the House of Representatives and party discipline is exceptionally strong in Malaysian politics, so passage of

1634-623: The title " Undang " to distinguish themselves from other penghulu luak . Malaysia's modern day constitution confirms the status of the Undang under Article 71, 160, 181 and the Eight Schedule of Federal Constitution as Malay Ruler within the Federation. Undangs are still chosen from amongst certain noble families in the state, the succession being both matrilineal and elective following the Adat Purbakala . According to Ernest Woodford Birch ,

1677-530: The title of Tuanku at age 22 and acceded to the name and title of Yang di-Pertuan Besar of the Seri Menanti Confederacy. In 1889, under his reign, the districts of Rembau and Tampin joined the Confederacy to bear the historic name of the Nine States – Negeri Sembilan. With the final two districts admitted into the state, on 29 April 1898, he was installed as the Yang di-Pertuan Besar of Negeri Sembilan. This marks

1720-468: Was a minor. Tuanku Jaafar also served as the tenth Yang di-Pertuan Agong of Malaysia . During this period, Negeri Sembilan was ruled by the regent, Y.A.M. Tunku Laxamana Tunku Naquiyuddin . On the death of Tuanku Jaafar in 2008, the Undangs elected Tuanku Muhriz (eldest son of Tuanku Munawir and nephew of Tuanku Jaafar). Negeri Sembilan follows the Minangkabau tradition of selecting its ruler through

1763-485: Was elected as Yamtuan in 1875. During this time, the British administration was attempting to obtain border treaties and commercial agreements with all the polities in the Malay Peninsula. The Undang of Sungai Ujong signed with the British but without any reference to the ruler nor the other Undangs . This eventually culminated into the 1876 Battle of Bukit Putus wherein the united forces of Negeri Sembilan attacked

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1806-501: Was the son of Sultan Malenggang Alam of Pagaruyung. Yamtuan Lenggang established the royal residence at the town of Seri Menanti . He married Raja Hitam's second daughter, Tunku Ngah. They had two sons: Tunku Radin and Tunku Imam. Yamtuan Lenggang died in 1824. In 1824, the Undangs could not embark on a trip to meet the Raja of Pagaruyung because, the Pagaruyung dynasty had been destroyed during

1849-534: Was under the nominal authority of Johor, until 1758 when it was ceded to the Dutch. By 1760, however, Johor which was having trouble from the Dutch, decided to allow the state to find a leader from the Minangkabau people in Sumatra. Between 1760 and 1770, a council of leaders known as the penghulu luak (the predecessor of the Undangs ) left for Pagar Ruyung in Minangkabau in search of a leader. Popular belief holds that

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