Francis Thomas Verity (1864–1937) was an English cinema architect during the cinema building boom of the years following World War I .
75-545: Verity was born in London, educated at Cranleigh and joined Thomas Verity , his father, in his architectural practice, which specialised in theatre building. Both Veritys brought an interest in ornate Second Empire -style architecture to their early buildings, developing this into grand Beaux Arts in their later works. Many of the surviving buildings have achieved recognition in the late 20th century, becoming listed for their architectural significance. Frank Verity continued
150-722: A background of poorly maintained church buildings, a reaction against the Puritan ethic manifested in the Gothic Revival , and a shortage of churches where they were needed in cities, the Cambridge Camden Society and the Oxford Movement advocated a return to a more medieval attitude to churchgoing. The change was embraced by the Church of England which saw it as a means of reversing the decline in church attendance . The principle
225-663: A bus shelter sometime nicknamed the Threepenny Bit Shelter was remodelled at Snoxhall behind the leisure centre. Within a few weeks it was vandalised and pulled to the ground. The bulk of funding was from Surrey County Council (SCC) and the South East England Development Agency (SEEDA), to designs by SCC. Winterfold House, north-east of the village along Barhatch Lane, was built in 1886 for Richard Webster QC, afterwards Viscount Alverstone . He became Lord Chief Justice in 1900 and died in 1915. A bench in
300-498: A club for those who shared a common interest in Gothic church design. It rapidly became popular: its membership increased from 8 to 180 in its first 12 months. Although initially a society for recording and discussing medieval church features, the members of the CCS soon began to expostulate in their journal The Ecclesiologist and particularly in their Few Words to Church-builders of 1844 that
375-445: A great uprising of ecclesiastical zeal, coinciding with a great increase of study, and consequently of knowledge of medieval architecture has driven people into spending their money on these buildings, not merely with the purpose of repairing them, of keeping them safe, clean, and wind and water-tight, but also of "restoring" them to some ideal state of perfection; sweeping away if possible all signs of what has befallen them at least since
450-568: A large river sand delta system including across much of the Weald (which covers much of Sussex and Kent as well). Later, a rise in sea level around 50 million years ago caused widespread deposition, until 2 million years ago, of the London Clay across the county. The London Clay is a bluish-grey marine clay with isolated pockets of fossils especially where chalkier. The youngest part of the London Clay
525-457: A listed granary . Rowly is separated from Cranleigh by Manfield Park and Hollyhocks House. Baynards to the south is separated by a green buffer including the lake, Vachery Pond. It consists of fewer than 20 buildings. Reached by Knowle Lane, a rural road leading off of the high street, which is dotted with houses, the settlement lies east of that lane along another lane, Baynards Road. No other neighbourhoods or localities of importance exist in
600-500: A more open layout catering for attractions and events such as a town-style public Easter Service and a French Market. In 2006, the pedestrian area surrounding the large stone drinking fountain (1874) at the centre of the village was re-modelled, and given the name 'Fountain Square'. New granite paving, brick planters and trees were introduced in a design which created a haven from traffic and a place for small community events. As part of this
675-532: A relatively large public library. A gym and leisure centre (which incorporates an indoor swimming pool) is centrally just off the High Street. Snoxhall Fields incorporates a few fields very near to the centre of Cranleigh, accessed by car via Knowle Lane. Across the road lies the Bruce McKenzie Memorial Field where Cranleigh Parkrun is organised on a weekly basis. Running through Snoxhall Fields
750-555: A third factor, the Industrial Revolution had resulted in many people living in cities that had few churches to cater for their religious needs—for instance Stockport had a population of nearly 34,000 but church seating for only 2,500. The rise in dissenter denominations , such as Methodism and the Religious Society of Friends , was seen as further evidence of this shortfall. To fulfil this need, between 1818 and 1824
825-520: A variety of sediments with fine silts at the base, giving way upwards into sandstones. Just before the paleogene which included the mass-extinction event of the non-avian dinosaurs, sea levels dropped, exposing Sussex and Kent; marine Upnor Beds were deposited in Surrey . In the paleogene, Southern England slightly rose and the seas retreated and reddish and mottled clays of the Reading Beds were deposited by
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#1733115565796900-517: Is also St Cuthbert Mayne Catholic Primary School . Cranleigh C of E Primary School opened in September 2008 as an amalgamation of Cranleigh Infants School and St. Nicolas Junior School. In 1847 the National School opened in the present Arts Centre, replacing earlier dame schools . During the twentieth century, separate infant and secondary schools were formed and moved to their own premises (leaving
975-608: Is known as the Claygate Beds and sand and soft sandstone of the Bagshot Formation , though in many areas such as this generally eroded, followed in most cases by a variable thickness of organic humus . Cranleigh School , an independent boarding school , is in the village. It opened in 1865 and was originally known as "The Surrey County School". State schools include Glebelands School (a secondary school) , Cranleigh C of E Primary School and Park Mead Primary School . There
1050-431: Is nearly 80% of all of them – were restored in some way between 1840 and 1875. There were 150% more people identified as professional architects in the 1871 census than in 1851 – it is known that established architects passed small restoration jobs on to their newly qualified colleagues, since such work provided good practice. The retention of original material (carving, woodwork, etc.) tended to be of little importance to
1125-593: Is popularly believed to come from imputed large crane-breeding grounds at the Anglo-French named Vachery Pond, often locally known as Vachery. The figure of a crane adorns the old drinking water fountain of 1874 in 'Fountain Square' in the middle of the village. A pair of cranes adorn the crest of the 21st century granted coat of arms of Cranleigh Parish Council . Partly on the Greensand Ridge , where it rises to 700 feet (210 m) at Winterfold Hill, but mainly on
1200-612: Is publicly visible in the Cranley Hotel . The name is recorded in the Pipe Rolls as Cranlea in 1166 and Cranelega in 1167. A little later in the Feet of Fines of 1198 the name is written as Cranele . Etymologists consider all these versions to be the fusion of the Old English words "Cran", meaning " crane ", and "Lēoh" that together mean 'a woodland clearing visited by cranes'. The name
1275-537: Is the administrative centre of the borough of Waverley . In the centre of the civil parish are the greatest number of buildings, fanning out in many side roads and on the high street. Cranleigh Waters also known as the Cranleigh Water, drains the village, before flowing to Shalford where it joins the River Wey, specifically in the small, formerly marsh-like locality of Peasmarsh, which still has water meadows lining
1350-629: Is the path of the disused railway line which is now commonly used for cycling and walking. The football club, Cranleigh F.C. currently play in the Surrey Elite West Division and previously at times in the Combined Counties League . Cranleigh Cricket Club play at Horseshoe Lane. Cranleigh Hockey Club is a field hockey club that play at Cranleigh School, and compete in the South East Hockey League . Every year
1425-471: Is widely believed. Cranleigh's Village Hall opened in 1933. The Regal Cinema opened on 30 October 1936. It survived for over sixty years, finally closing on 14 March 2002. The site is now occupied by a block of flats. Winterfold House near Cranleigh was requisitioned by the British Government and used by SOE Special Operations Executive , as a training school designated STS 4 and later STS 7 as
1500-627: The Carlton Theatre (1927), now a cinema; the Embassy Theatre (1923) and restaurant in High Holborn , now demolished and the site occupied by offices; and the Plaza Theatre (1926) as a cinema for Paramount - remains in use. Cranleigh Cranleigh is a village and civil parish , about 8 miles (13 km) southeast of Guildford in Surrey , England. It lies on a minor road east of
1575-509: The Cheshire Cat . With the growth of the village, a "daughter" church, St Andrew's , opened at the west end of the village in 1900 but it closed some sixty years later. The parish is in the Diocese of Guildford. The 16th century Boy & Donkey pub, on Knowle Road outside the village, was taken over in the mid-19th century by Hodgsons of Kingston, later Courage , and remained in business until
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#17331155657961650-524: The Domesday Book , at that time being part of the manor of Shere . The Anglican parish church of St Nicolas dates the first building on its site from around 1170, and the building was in its present form by the mid-14th century. It was extensively restored in 1847. The church has a gargoyle, on a pillar inside the church, which is said to have inspired Lewis Carroll , who lived in Guildford, to create
1725-636: The Thames and the Wey ) with Littlehampton (via the Arun ). However, the canal traffic was completely eclipsed by the Horsham to Guildford railway which opened in 1865, and the canal fell into disuse. A turnpike road was also built between Guildford and Horsham , assent for the project being given in 1818. The opening is commemorated by an obelisk at the junction of the roads to Horsham and to Ewhurst . The Prince Regent used
1800-470: The " Stocklund Square " housing and shopping development. In 2004 part of this development was itself demolished and a Sainsbury's supermarket was constructed on the site. Today the trackbed is in part used by the Downs Link , and the station's old platform levels are still visible at the rear of the shops. Two studies have been carried out to review the possibility of reviving train services. The first, in
1875-415: The "correct" style. "To restore," The Ecclesiologist declared, "is to revive the original appearance ... lost by decay, accident or ill-judged alteration". They did later admit, though, that such "restoration" might create an ideal state that the building had never been in. Church restorations were also strongly influenced by the Oxford Movement , which advocated moving the centre of importance in
1950-521: The 1990s, was to determine whether re-opening a portion of the line for passenger traffic from Bramley to Guildford would be economically viable. Although the study was inconclusive, Waverley Borough Council protected the line from further development in its Local Plan . In 2009, the Association of Train Operating Companies applied for funding for a new line to Cranleigh. Cranleigh centres around
2025-417: The 19th century by James Wyatt , the ornate west front (pictured above) was restored by Sir George Gilbert Scott . It includes many ornate carved figures of kings, queens and saints, created from original materials where possible and new imitations and additions when the originals were not available. Wyatt's choir-screen had utilised medieval stone-work which Scott in turn used to create the clergy's seats in
2100-621: The A281, which links Guildford with Horsham . It is in the north-west corner of the Weald , a large remnant forest, the main local remnant being Winterfold Forest directly north-west on the northern Greensand Ridge . In 2011 it had a population of just over 11,000. Until the mid-1860s, the place was usually spelt Cranley . The Post Office persuaded the vestry to use " -leigh " to avoid misdirections to nearby Crawley in West Sussex . The older spelling
2175-435: The C of E Junior School which moved to new buildings in 1964). The Cranleigh Arts Centre runs a full programme of feature film screenings, live music, theatre productions, adult and children's activities, exhibitions and workshops. Regular community arts projects and work with local schools are undertaken to reach and develop new audiences. The centre is a registered charity and is run by a team of volunteers. The village has
2250-661: The Cambridge Camden Society that Decorated Gothic was the only correct style, and by the Oxford Movement's theories concerning the nature of worship, a spate of "restoration" was soon under way. Some figures give an idea of the scale. A total of 3,765 new and rebuilt churches were consecrated in the forty years up to 1875, with the most active decade being the 1860s in which there were more than 1,000 such consecrations. Over 7,000 parish churches in England and Wales – which
2325-599: The Cranleigh & South Eastern Agricultural Society host the Cranleigh Show, a traditional agricultural show . In 2023 a 60-acre country park was opened at Knowle Park to the south of the High Street. It included a lake, business kiosks, walks and children’s playground. There is a Roman Catholic church, Jesus Christ Redeemer of Mankind (in the Roman Catholic Diocese of Arundel & Brighton ), and churches of
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2400-626: The French manifestation. My first church dates from the same year with the foundation of the Cambridge Camden Society, to whom the honour of our recovery from the odious bathos is mainly due. I only wish I had known its founders at the time. One of the main driving forces for the restoration of churches was the Cambridge Camden Society (CCS), which was founded in 1839 by two Cambridge undergraduates, John Mason Neale and Benjamin Webb , as
2475-496: The Government had granted £1.5 million for building new churches. Known as Commissioners' churches , most of them cost only £4,000 to £5,000 each to build, and dissatisfaction with their indifferent design and cheap construction provoked a strong reaction. Equivalent movements existed in most of Europe, especially northern Europe, with the French architect and architectural historian Eugène Viollet-le-Duc especially associated with
2550-632: The Methodist and Baptist denominations, as well as the Anglican church of St Nicolas mentioned above. Cranleigh railway station was opened in 1865 as "Cranley" as part of the Cranleigh Line , its name was changed in 1867 to "Cranleigh" at the request of the Postmaster General as badly addressed letters to "Cranley" were often mistaken for " Crawley " and vice versa. Cranleigh was the busiest station on
2625-710: The Reformation, and often since dates much earlier. Despite his opposition, though, it is known that Morris profited greatly by his firm's provision of stained glass to many restoration projects, and it has been noted that his criticism only started after his firm was securely established as a supplier to these projects. But after 1880, in line with SPAB principles, the firm refused to accept stained glass commissions for historic ecclesiastical buildings. Further opposition came from evangelical Protestants , who believed that "ornamental carved work, decorative painting, encaustic tiles, and stained glass were foolish vanities which lead
2700-536: The bank itself. Winterfold Forest , a remaining higher part of the forest that occupies the northeast is on the Greensand Ridge , which can be explored using in places roads or by the long-distance path, the Greensand Way . Rowly is a neighbourhood 0.8 miles (1.3 km) NNW of the edge of the contiguous suburban part of Cranleigh that architecturally contains three Grade II listed buildings . Three surrounding farms have listed farmhouses, and one of these has
2775-487: The church from preaching to the sacrament of the Eucharist : from the pulpit to the altar . Consequences of this included moving the pulpit from a more central position to the side of the church, replacing box pews with open pews, creating a central aisle to give a better view of the altar, and the removal of galleries. Another consequence was that a larger chancel was required for the associated ritual. Persuaded by
2850-434: The church in a uniform early style, sometimes on the evidence of just one remaining early feature. There were opponents. The Reverend John Louis Petit was a staunch and well-respected opponent from his first book, Remarks on Church Architecture (1841), until his death in 1868. The Archaeological Society was founded in 1845 by antiquarians anxious to bring the love of old buildings to a wider audience. Although John Ruskin
2925-511: The civil parish as a whole. Elevations range from a maximum of 240 m AOD (mean high water level) at the car park on Reynolds Hill in Winterfold Heath (a woodland in the north) to 41 m on the watercourse and the disused Wey and Arun Canal as they leave both the parish in the northwest extreme at the end of East Whipley Lane. The village centre lies at generally 50–70 m above AOD. Soil consists in small areas of "naturally wet loamy soil";
3000-513: The clay and sandstone Lower Weald , Cranleigh has little of prehistoric or Roman interest, whereas just across the east border Wykehurst and Rapley Farms have Roman buildings and Roman Tile Kilns – in the parish of Ewhurst . A spur of the Roman road between London and Chichester runs north west to Guildford past nearby Farley Heath in Farley Green , a temple site. Cranleigh was not mentioned in
3075-461: The dividing walls of two chambers at the west end. On the exterior of the church, Butterfield removed the crumbling stucco that had been added in 1820 and re-faced the church walls with flint flushwork . At Lichfield Cathedral , the 18th century had been a period of decay: the 15th-century library was pulled down, most of the statues on the west front were removed, and the stonework covered with Roman cement . After some structural work early in
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3150-430: The early 1990s. It was sold to Morland of Abingdon who later closed it. The building was converted into a private home. Oliver Cromwell visited Knowle House in 1657, his soldiers being billeted in houses in the village. Growth came due to improvements in transport; in 1813 the Wey and Arun Canal was authorised. Three years later it opened, passing a few miles to the west of the village. This route linked London (via
3225-403: The early restorers: appearance was all, and much good old work was discarded to be replaced by modern replacement in the chosen style. Different architects had different degrees of sympathy with original material, and as the century progressed greater care was generally taken; this was at least partly as a result of the increasingly louder voices that were raised in opposition. As an example of
3300-519: The formation of societies dedicated to building preservation, such as the Society for the Protection of Ancient Buildings . In retrospect the period of Victorian restoration has been viewed in a generally unfavourable light, though it did result in the rediscovery of some long-lost features and some churches that would otherwise have fallen into disrepair were saved. A number of factors working together led to
3375-460: The heart astray", and from others who were concerned about the cost: "For the cost of one stone church with a groined roof, or even an open timbered roof, two might be built in brick with plaster ceilings; and who could dare to say that worship in the plainer building would be less devout or sincere than that which was offered in the other?" Not all Catholics were in favour either: late in his life Cardinal Wiseman made it clear that his preference
3450-565: The infrastructure of the village. He formed the Cranleigh Gas Company in 1876, and arranged for a mains water supply in 1886. In 1894 he laid out an estate between the Horsham and Ewhurst Roads, building New Park Road, Avenue Road, Mead Road, Mount Road and Bridge Road. He also set up a grocery store. His name is commemorated in that of Rowland Road. The cricket field has been used for that purpose since 1843. Cranleigh Lawn Tennis Tournament
3525-465: The junction of two B roads to the east of the A281 Guildford to Horsham road. The village is on a number of bus routes serving, among others, Guildford , Horsham , Godalming and Ewhurst . The main operator is Stagecoach. Tillingbourne Bus Company was based in the village prior to its collapse in 2001. The Wey and Arun Canal is gradually being restored. A square near the centre of
3600-513: The later part of World War II , on 27 August 1944, the infants school was hit by a V-1 flying bomb and demolished, as was the stained glass east window of the nearby St. Nicolas Church. This occurred early on a Sunday morning, and the school was empty. The only casualty was the Rector , who was in his garden not far away and was injured. Another flying bomb hit the gasholder on the Common, destroying both
3675-477: The line with regular commuter traffic to and from London via Guildford . Cranleigh had a substantial goods yard equipped with a large loading gantry . Inward freight consisted mainly of coal which was required, in particular, by the local gasworks , whilst goods outward were mainly timber. A victim of the Beeching Axe , the line closed in 1965 and Cranleigh station was demolished shortly afterwards, replaced by
3750-493: The location of the Student Assessment Board. Its primary use during the war was to whittle out those not suited to undercover work and begin initial training for those that progressed. Amongst the many recruits that attended Winterfold included Muriel Byck , Andrée Borrel , Denise Bloch , Noor Inyat Khan (Nora Baker) – a descendant of Indian Muslim royalty and Violette Szabo GC. A film Carve Her Name with Pride
3825-546: The north and south of the village centre and all surrounding areas are "slowly permeable seasonally wet slightly acid but base-rich loamy and clayey soils". Gault Clay and the Upper Greensand deposits form the deep soil, more evident where erosion has taken place on steeper hillslopes in the civil parish. The Gault Clay contains phosphate-rich nodules in discrete bands and has a rich marine fauna with abundant ammonites, bivalves and gastropods. The Upper Greensand comprises
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#17331155657963900-452: The only "correct" form for a church building was the "middle pointed" or " Decorated " style, in which churches had been built during the hundred years centred on 1300. Ecclesiology obviously struck a chord in society: it was closely linked with the ongoing interest in medievalism and the Gothic Revival . The CCS's firm insistence on one style being correct proved to be a beacon for those who were no longer able to judge for themselves what
3975-556: The practice on his father's death, and Sam Beverley, his son-in-law, joined the practice in the 1920s, which remains active today. The company designed over 25 cinemas, achieving a Royal Institute of British Architects bronze medal for the Shepherd's Bush Pavilion cinema in 1930. In 1915 he was the architect of a block of flats on the site of the former Somerset House on Park Lane , the first such building in that important street. Verity designed many central London premises, including:
4050-414: The problem was demonstrated when the spire of Chichester Cathedral suddenly telescoped in on itself in 1861. In addition, ever since the mid-17th century Puritan reforms, which were typified by a minimum of ritual and decoration and by an unambiguous emphasis on preaching, there had been an ongoing removal of any emotion or colour from English religious services as a means of distancing itself from what
4125-417: The roof and the floor of the chancel, raising the roof of the south transept to its original pitch, removing the vestry, incorporating the south porch into the south aisle and removing the door, re-flooring the nave, installing new oak benches and replacing an earlier gallery. Butterfield also installed clear windows in the clerestory, allowing more light to enter the nave. He extended the aisles by knocking down
4200-494: The route when travelling between Windsor and Brighton , the distances to which are given on the plaque on the obelisk. Three people played a major part in the development of the village during the 19th century: Reverend John Henry Sapte , Dr Albert Napper and Stephen Rowland. Sapte arrived in Cranleigh in 1846 as the rector . He played a major role in setting up the National School in 1847 and Cranleigh School in 1865. He
4275-449: The sanctuary. A new metal screen by Francis Skidmore and John Birnie Philip to designs by Scott was installed, as was a Minton tile pavement stretching from choir screen to altar, inspired by medieval tiles found in the Choir foundations. Famous architects such as George Gilbert Scott , Ewan Christian , William Butterfield and George Edmund Street became enthusiastic "restorers" and
4350-519: The spate of Victorian restoration. From the time of the English Reformation onwards, apart from necessary repairs so that buildings might remain in use, and the addition of occasional internal commemorative adornments, English churches and cathedrals were subjected to little building work and only piecemeal restoration. This situation lasted for about 250 years with the fabric of many churches and cathedrals suffering from neglect. The severity of
4425-402: The structure and a nearby cottage, whose occupant was killed. Cranleigh railway station was closed by Dr Beeching in 1965 after almost exactly a hundred years of operation. In 1975 the 1900-built church of St Andrew was demolished. Cranleigh village is 7.7 miles (12.4 km) southeast of the county town of Surrey , Guildford , and 6.2 miles (10.0 km) ESE of Godalming , which
4500-492: The type of work undertaken in one church, in 1870–71 the Church of St Peter, Great Berkhamsted , was the subject of a restoration programme by William Butterfield , whose other works included churches such as All Saints, Margaret Street in London. Butterfield's restoration involved the removal of some original features, including the obliteration of paintings on the pillars. The most substantial structural changes involved raising both
4575-400: The village on the High Street, which is the main road running through Cranleigh. It was constructed following the closing of the railway line in 1965, and the removal of the railway station. A new Sainsbury's supermarket was built in late 2004. Other shops in the square are Oxfam , Pizza Express and Costa Coffee . The square used to have greenery and a fountain, but this was replaced with
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#17331155657964650-559: The wave of restoration spread across the country so that by 1875 something like 80% of all churches in England had been affected in some way. In 1850 Scott wrote a book A plea for the faithful restoration of our Ancient Churches , in which he stated that "as a general rule it is highly desirable to preserve those vestiges of the growth and history of buildings which are indicated by the various styles and irregularities of its parts". However, he did not follow this principle in practice, generally sweeping away all later changes and reconstructing
4725-399: The whole church to the best and purest style of which traces remain". The Society wholeheartedly recommended the second option and since virtually every medieval church had at least some small remnant of decorated style, maybe a porch or even just a window, the whole church would be "restored" to match it. If the earliest portions were too late, then it was a candidate for a complete rebuild in
4800-423: The woodland above the house is known as 'Lord Justice Seat'. Victorian restoration The Victorian restoration was the widespread and extensive refurbishment and rebuilding of Church of England churches and cathedrals that took place in England and Wales during the 19th-century reign of Queen Victoria . It was not the same process as is understood today by the term building restoration . Against
4875-552: The work done. In the introduction to his book The Gothic Revival (first published in 1928), Kenneth Clark wrote "The real reason the Gothic Revival had been neglected is that it produced so little on which our eyes can rest without pain". Clark also reckoned that Decorated Gothic was the worst of the three possible styles that could have been adopted—the others being Early English which had "very little detail which an ordinary craftsman could not manage", and Perpendicular which
4950-564: Was William Morris who campaigned against the proposed restoration of St John the Baptist Church, Inglesham , in the 1880s and started the Society for the Protection of Ancient Buildings (SPAB) in 1877 when he heard of the proposed restoration of Tewkesbury Abbey by Scott. The principles espoused by SPAB took some time to attract support, but the policy of putting "Protection in place of Restoration" eventually took hold, and are adhered to today. Morris also wrote in 1877: But of late years
5025-514: Was "good" in architecture—the certainties of the Vitruvian rules having lost their power during the Romantic movement that had been in vogue since the middle of the 18th century. The CCS stated that there were two possible ways in which a church could be restored. As Kenneth Clark put it, they said that one could "either restore each of the various alterations and additions in its own style, or restore
5100-541: Was "infinitely the most adaptable of medieval styles". Clark pointed out that Decorated was the most difficult to execute, not least because of the complicated window tracery that set it apart from the other two Gothic styles. However, not all restoration work was purely negative: a side effect of a number of restorations was the rediscovery of long-lost features, for instance Anglo-Saxon carving that had been incorporated into Norman foundations, or wall-paintings that had been whitewashed over, as at St Albans Cathedral . It
5175-446: Was appointed Archdeacon of Surrey and remained in the village until his death in 1906. Together with Napper, Sapte set up the first cottage hospital in the country in 1859. It has survived many attempts to close it, through fundraising by the local community. However it lost its beds for in-patients in May 2006. Stephen Rowland was a resident who had a major role in the development of
5250-401: Was for Renaissance art, as might be expected of a religious order of Italian origin. The Church's Restoration In eighteen-eighty-three Has left for contemplation Not what there used to be. From a 20th-century perspective the process of Victorian restoration has often been viewed unfavourably, with terms such as "ruthless", "insensitive" and "heavy-handed" being commonly used to describe
5325-487: Was generally in favour of new buildings in an early Gothic style, in 1849 he wrote in The Seven Lamps of Architecture that it was not possible "to restore anything that has ever been great or beautiful in architecture". The Society of Antiquaries of London urged in 1855 that "no restoration should ever be attempted, otherwise than ... in the sense of preservation from further injuries". A later vociferous opponent
5400-619: Was held there in August from 1922 until 1998, when it moved to the grounds of Cranleigh School . David Mann's department store opened in 1887. The store closed in October, 2021 and the business went into liquidation. A distinctive row of maple trees which lines the High Street between the cricket field and the Rowland Road junction was planted in 1890, and not by Canadian servicemen in World War I as
5475-570: Was made in 1958 about Szabo's wartime life in the SOE. In November 2011, a Memorial to the SOE was unveiled at Winterfold House, Surrey, initiated by British military historian, writer and author Paul McCue and others. The unveiling was attended by Tania Szabó, the daughter of Violette Szabo , together with representatives from the US, Dutch and French embassies and the Canadian High Commission. During
5550-469: Was seen as the excesses of Catholicism but towards the end of the 18th century the burgeoning Gothic Revival and interest in medievalism encouraged people to seek more interest in their religious services. The popularity of the Gothic Revival was seen by Church officials as a way to reverse the decline in church attendance, and thereby start to reassert the Church's power, prosperity and influence. They therefore pushed for massive restoration programs. As
5625-593: Was to "restore" a church to how it might have looked during the " Decorated " style of architecture which existed between 1260 and 1360, and many famous architects such as George Gilbert Scott and Ewan Christian enthusiastically accepted commissions for restorations. It is estimated that around 80% of all Church of England churches were affected in some way by the movement, varying from minor changes to complete demolition and rebuilding. Influential people like John Ruskin and William Morris were opposed to such large-scale restoration, and their activities eventually led to
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