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74-738: The Cheshire Cat ( / ˈ tʃ ɛ ʃ ər , - ɪər / CHESH -ər, -⁠eer ) is a fictional cat popularised by Lewis Carroll in Alice's Adventures in Wonderland and known for its distinctive mischievous grin. While now most often used in Alice -related contexts, the association of a "Cheshire cat" with grinning predates the 1865 book. It has transcended the context of literature and become enmeshed in popular culture, appearing in various forms of media, from political cartoons to television, as well as in cross-disciplinary studies, from business to science. Often it

148-742: A tunic , in contrast to the tailored dresses that the Liddell sisters might have worn. His illustrations drew influence from the Pre-Raphaelite painters Dante Gabriel Rossetti and Arthur Hughes , whose painting The Lady with the Lilacs (1863) he visually alluded to in one drawing in Under Ground . He gave the hand-written Alice's Adventures Under Ground to Alice Liddell in November 1864. John Tenniel illustrated Alice's Adventures in Wonderland (1865) for

222-513: A Cheshire cat." There are numerous theories about the origin of the phrase "grinning like a Cheshire Cat" in English history. A possible origin of the phrase is one favoured by the people of Cheshire , a county in England which boasts numerous dairy farms; hence the cats grin because of the abundance of milk and cream. In 1853, Samuel Maunder offered this explanation: This phrase owes its origin to

296-599: A carving in a church in the village of Croft-on-Tees , in the north east of England, where his father had been rector . Carroll is believed to have visited St Christopher's church in Pott Shrigley , Cheshire, which has a stone sculpture resembling the pictorial cat in the book. The Cheshire Cat character has been re-depicted by other creators and used as the inspiration for new characters, primarily in screen media (film, television, video games) and print media (literature, comics, art). Other non-media contexts that embrace

370-608: A cat . A later Marker film, Chats perchés (2004) (The Case of the Grinning Cat in English) , examined the context of M. Chat street art in France . The Cheshire Cat appears in the first episode of the television series Once Upon a Time in Wonderland (a spin-off of Once Upon a Time ) voiced by Keith David . While looking for the Mad Hatter's house from the trees, Alice encounters

444-511: A debate between the executioner and the King and Queen of Hearts about whether a disembodied head can indeed be beheaded . At one point, the cat disappears gradually until nothing is left but its grin, prompting Alice to remark that "she has often seen a cat without a grin but never a grin without a cat". The scholar David Day has proposed Lewis Carroll's cat was Edward Bouverie Pusey , Oxford professor of Hebrew and Carroll's mentor. The name Pusey

518-488: A departure from the typical mid-nineteenth-century child protagonists. Richard Kelly sees the character as Carroll's creation of a different protagonist through his reworking of the Victorian orphan trope. According to Kelly, Alice must rely on herself in Wonderland away from her family, but the moral and societal narrative arc of the orphan is replaced with Alice's intellectual struggle to maintain her sense of identity against

592-531: A fee of £ 138, which was roughly a fourth of what Carroll earned each year and which he paid for himself. Tenniel was an already successful, well-known lead illustrator for the satirical magazine Punch , when Carroll employed him as an illustrator in April 1864. In contrast, Carroll did not have any literary fame at the time. Tenniel likely based the majority of his illustrations on those in Under Ground , and Carroll carefully oversaw his work; among his suggestions

666-413: A four-year period that began in 1860. In an 1860 cartoon, this character wore clothes now associated with Alice: "the full skirt, pale stockings, flat shoes, and a hairband over her loose hair". In the cartoons, the character appeared as an archetype of a pleasant girl from the middle classes; she has been described as similar to Alice: "a pacifist and noninterventionist, patient and polite, slow to return

740-587: A series set several generations after the Disney film, the Cheshire Cat, voiced by Max Mittelman , is depicted as an immortal, being the only character besides the Doorknob not to be represented through a descendant. Each major film adaptation of Lewis Carroll's tale represents the Cheshire Cat character and his traits uniquely. In addition to the Cheshire Cat's appearances in films central to its Lewis Carroll origins,

814-557: A significant influence on pop culture. Tenniel's artwork and Disney's film adaptation have been credited as factors in the continuing favorable reception of the two novels. Within youth culture in Japan, she has been adopted as "a rebellion figure in much the same way as the American and British 1960s 'hippies' did." She has also been a source of inspiration for Japanese fashion, in particular Lolita fashion . Her popularity has been attributed to

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888-680: A tail and cat ears, and is one of the many love interests for Alice in Wonderland. American rock band Blink-182 ’s debut studio album , Cheshire Cat , released on 17 February 1995, takes its name from the Cheshire cat. In the third volume of Captain Marvel comic series, Shazam! and the Seven Magic Lands , the Cheshire Cat is shown to live in the Magiclands location called the Wozenderlands. When

962-506: A three-dimensional image. The Cheshire Cat effect occurs when one eye is fixated on a stationary object, while the other notices something moving. Since one eye is seeing a moving object, the brain will focus on it, causing parts of the stationary object to fade away from vision entirely. ... [T]aken from Lewis Carroll, we liken this theory to the strategy used by the Cheshire Cat in Alice's Adventures in Wonderland of making its body invisible to make

1036-485: A way home even more. In the 1999 television adaptation of Carroll's books, the Cheshire Cat is portrayed by Whoopi Goldberg . She acts as an ally and friend to Alice. The Cheshire Cat appears in Walt Disney's 2010 Alice in Wonderland , directed by Tim Burton . British actor Stephen Fry voices the character. In the film, Cheshire (as he is often called; or sometimes "Ches") binds the wound Alice suffered earlier by

1110-526: Is a fictional character and the main protagonist of Lewis Carroll 's children's novel Alice's Adventures in Wonderland (1865) and its sequel, Through the Looking-Glass (1871). A child in the mid- Victorian era , Alice unintentionally goes on an underground adventure after falling down a rabbit hole into Wonderland ; in the sequel, she steps through a mirror into an alternative world . The character originated in stories told by Carroll to entertain

1184-527: Is a fictional child living during the middle of the Victorian era . In Alice's Adventures in Wonderland (1865), which takes place on 4 May, the character is widely assumed to be seven years old; Alice gives her age as seven and a half in the sequel, which takes place on 4 November. In the text of the two Alice books, author Lewis Carroll often did not remark on the physical appearance of his protagonist. Details of her fictional life can be discovered from

1258-530: Is a six season series that streamed on Netflix. It is a spin-off of the 2011 movie and movies of the Shrek franchise . On television, the movie, Puss in Boots (2011) was streamed on both Amazon and Netflix. The DreamWorks version of Puss in Boots is a cat from the Shrek franchise , who is also the protagonist of Puss in Boots (2011). Puss in Boots was voiced by Antonio Banderas in English, Italian & Spanish in

1332-416: Is commonly known by the name of The Cat at Charlton . The sign of the house was originally a lion or tiger, or some such animal, the crest of the family of Sir Edward Poore. According to Brewer's Dictionary (1870), "The phrase has never been satisfactorily accounted for, but it has been said that cheese was formerly sold in Cheshire moulded like a cat that looked as though it was grinning". The cheese

1406-403: Is depicted as a blonde, and her dress is yellow, with blue stockings. Her dress became pleated with a bow at the back of it, and she wore a bow in her hair. Edmund Evans printed the illustrations in colour through chromoxylography , a process using woodblocks to produce colour prints. Alice has been recognised as a cultural icon . The Alice books have continued to remain in print, and

1480-496: Is depicted as an intelligent and mischievous character that sometimes helps Alice and sometimes gets her into trouble. He frequently sings the first verse of the Jabberwocky poem. The animated character was voiced by Sterling Holloway . In the 1985 television adaptation of Carroll's books, the Cheshire Cat is portrayed by Telly Savalas . He sings a morose song called "There's No Way Home", which simply drives Alice to try and find

1554-666: Is observed, the British Shorthair is duly embarrassed, quickly recovering with a 'Cheshire cat smile'”. In 1992, members of the Lewis Carroll Society attributed it to a gargoyle found on a pillar in St Nicolas's Church, Cranleigh , where Carroll used to travel frequently when he lived in Guildford (though this is doubtful, as he moved to Guildford some three years after Alice's Adventures in Wonderland had been published) and

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1628-526: Is shown in the context of a person or idea that is purposefully confusing or enigmatic. One distinguishing feature of the Alice -style Cheshire Cat is the periodic gradual disappearance of its body, leaving only one last visible trace: its iconic grin. He belongs to the Duchess . The first known appearance of the expression in literature is in the 18th century, in Francis Grose 's A Classical Dictionary of

1702-433: Is the ultimate cultural icon, available for any and every form of manipulation, and as ubiquitous today as in the era of her first appearance." Robert Douglass-Fairhurst compares Alice's cultural status to "something more like a modern myth," suggesting her ability to act as an empty canvas for "abstract hopes and fears" allows for further "meanings" to be ascribed to the character. Zoe Jacques and Eugene Giddens suggest that

1776-410: Is usually depicted in mid-air, at shoulder-height to human-sized characters. In the video game adaptation of the movie, "Ches" is a playable character who can not only turn himself invisible, but other objects around him as well. In October 2019, it was reported that an undetermined Cheshire Cat project is being developed by Disney for its streaming service, Disney+ . In Alice's Wonderland Bakery ,

1850-680: The Bandersnatch and guides her to Tarrant Hightopp, the Mad Hatter and Thackery Earwicket, the March Hare . He is blamed by the Hatter for desertion when the White Queen is deposed by the Red; but later impersonates the Hatter when the latter is sentenced to decapitation. Throughout his appearances, "Ches" is able to make himself intangible or weightless, as well as invisible (and thus to survive decapitation), and

1924-503: The Cheshire History journal examined these suggested origins, along with numerous others seen on the internet. The author, Peter Young, considered most to be "inventive" but unlikely. In his analysis, the essential feature of any actual historical explanation would be one that demonstrated its innate connection to Cheshire: An idiom that retained the localism while spreading nationwide, would, in his view, need to be strongly connected to

1998-512: The Red and White Queens , as a queen; the design was rejected by Carroll. Her clothing as a queen and in the railway carriage is a polonaise-styled dress with a bustle , which would have been fashionable at the time. The clothing worn by the characters in "My First Sermon" (1863) by pre-Raphaelite painter John Millais and "The Travelling Companions" (1862) by Victorian painter Augustus Leopold Egg have some elements in common with Alice's clothing in

2072-561: The Wall Street Crash of 1929 ; D.R. Sexton (1933) and J. Morton Sale (1933), both of whom featured an older Alice; Mervyn Peake (1954); Ralph Steadman (1967), for which he received the Francis Williams Memorial award in 1972; Salvador Dalí (1969), who used Surrealism ; and Peter Blake , with his watercolours (1970). By 1972, there were ninety illustrators of Alice's Adventures in Wonderland and twenty-one of Through

2146-573: The Cheshire Cat at the Duchess 's house in her kitchen, and later on the branches of a tree, where it appears and disappears at will, and engages Alice in amusing but sometimes perplexing conversation. The cat sometimes raises philosophical points that annoy or baffle Alice ; but appears to cheer her when it appears suddenly at the Queen of Hearts ' croquet field; and when sentenced to death, baffles everyone by having made its head appear without its body, sparking

2220-401: The Cheshire Cat cropped up with increasing frequency in the 1960s and 1970s, along with more frequent references to Carroll's works in general. ( See generally the lyrics to White Rabbit by the rock group Jefferson Airplane ). The Cheshire Cat appeared on LSD blotters, as well as in song lyrics and popular fiction. In Disney's 1951 animated film, Alice in Wonderland , the Cheshire Cat

2294-461: The Cheshire Cat has been featured in other cinematic works. The late filmmaker Chris Marker gave his monumental documentary on the New Left movement of 1967–1977, Le fond de l'air est rouge (1977), the English title Grin without a Cat . Like the original, it signifies that revolution was in the air, but failed to take root. In the film, it is also stated: a spearhead without a spear, a grin without

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2368-550: The Cheshire Cat in giant form where the Red Queen had promised him that Alice would be good food for him. They end up engaging each other in combat until the Knave of Hearts arrives and throws a piece of one mushroom side into his mouth, which shrinks the Cat back to normal size, and he leaves. The Cheshire Cat appears as an avatar character in the video games American McGee's Alice (2000); and

2442-540: The Cheshire Cat include music, business, and science. Prior to 1951 when Walt Disney released an animated adaptation of the story (see below), there were few post-Alice allusions to the character. Martin Gardner , author of The Annotated Alice , wondered if T. S. Eliot had the Cheshire Cat in mind when writing Morning at the Window , but notes no other significant allusions in the pre-war period. Images of and references to

2516-617: The Liddell sisters while rowing on the Isis with his friend Robinson Duckworth , and on subsequent rowing trips. Although she shares her given name with Alice Liddell , scholars disagree about the extent to which she was based upon Liddell. Characterized by Carroll as "loving and gentle", "courteous to all", "trustful", and "wildly curious", Alice has been variously seen as clever, well-mannered, and sceptical of authority, although some commentators find more negative aspects of her personality. Her appearance changed from Alice's Adventures Under Ground ,

2590-461: The Looking-Glass were critically and commercially successful in Carroll's lifetime; more than 150,000 copies of Alice's Adventures in Wonderland and 100,000 copies of Through the Looking-Glass had been printed by 1898. Victorian readers generally enjoyed the Alice books as light-hearted entertainment that omitted the stiff morals which other books for children frequently included. In its review of

2664-605: The Scarecrow and the Munchkins were taking Billy Batson , Mary Bromfield , and C.C. Batson to Dorothy Gale, the Cheshire Cat appeared near the Blue Brick Road. He went on the attack only to be fought off by Shazam and Lady Shazam. Cheshire Cat is used as a metaphor to describe several scientific phenomena: Each eye sees two different views of the world, sends those images to the visual cortex where they are combined, and creates

2738-622: The Stage" (April 1887), Carroll described her as "loving and gentle", "courteous to all ", "trustful", and "wildly curious, and with the eager enjoyment of Life that comes only in the happy hours of childhood, when all is new and fair, and when Sin and Sorrow are but names – empty words signifying nothing!" Commentators characterise her as "innocent", "imaginative", introspective, generally well-mannered, critical of authority figures, and clever. Others see less positive traits in Alice, writing that she frequently shows unkindness in her conversations with

2812-559: The TV series includes an episode that is an interactive video game called Puss in Book: Trapped in an Epic Tale . Puss was voiced by Eric Bauza in the six-season series, The Adventures of Puss in Boots , and by Andé Sogliuzzo & Christian Lanz in the video games. Sogliuzzo also voiced Puss in the series of one-minute web-videos by DreamWorks wherein Puss gives advice to viewers. Puss in Boots

2886-688: The Vulgar Tongue , Second, Corrected and Enlarged Edition (1788), which contains the following entry: Cheshire cat . He grins like a Cheshire cat ; said of any one who shows his teeth and gums in laughing. The phrase appears again in print in John Wolcot 's pseudonymous Peter Pindar 's Pair of Lyric Epistles (1792): "Lo, like a Cheshire cat our court will grin." The phrase also appears in print in William Makepeace Thackeray 's novel The Newcomes (1855): "That woman grins like

2960-432: The aggression of others". Tenniel's fee for illustrating the sequel Through the Looking-Glass (1871) rose to £290, which Carroll again paid for out of his own pocket. Tenniel changed Alice's clothing slightly in the sequel, where she wears horizontal-striped stockings instead of plain ones and has a more ornate pinafore with a bow. Originally, Alice wore a " crinoline -supported chessmanlike skirt" similar to that of

3034-564: The animals in Wonderland, takes violent action against the character Bill the Lizard by kicking him into the air, and reflects her social upbringing in her lack of sensitivity and impolite replies. According to Donald Rackin, "In spite of her class- and time-bound prejudices, her frightened fretting and childish, abject tears, her priggishness and self-assured ignorance, her sometimes blatant hypocrisy, her general powerlessness and confusion, and her rather cowardly readiness to abandon her struggles at

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3108-402: The books symbols of "classic Freudian tropes": "a vaginal rabbit hole and a phallic Alice, an amniotic pool of tears, hysterical mother figures and impotent father figures, threats of decapitation [castration], swift identity changes". Described as "the single greatest rival of Tenniel," Walt Disney created an influential representation of Alice in his 1951 film adaptation, which helped to mould

3182-409: The character occupies a status within pop culture where "Alice in a blue dress is as ubiquitous as Hamlet holding a skull," which creates "the strange position whereby the public 'knows' Alice without having read either Wonderland or Looking-Glass ." They argue that this allows for creative freedom in subsequent adaptations, in that faithfulness to the texts can be overlooked. In Japan, Alice has

3256-549: The county, in the minds of people elsewhere. For this reason, he favours the well-fed farm cats of Cheshire's dairying environment—a widely-known and well-promoted idea at the time the phrase arose—as the best candidate for the origin of the Cheshire Cat idiom. The Cheshire Cat is now largely identified with the character of the same name in Lewis Carroll's 1865 novel Alice's Adventures in Wonderland . Alice first encounters

3330-536: The earliest work. This section deals with notable cat characters that appear in media works of fiction including film, television, animation, and puppetry. Any character that appears in several pieces of media will be listed only once, under the earliest work. Puss in Boots is the DreamWorks character from Shrek 2 and Puss in Boots of 2011 who appears in the streaming television series, The Adventures of Puss in Boots (2015-2018). Voiced by Eric Bauza , this

3404-468: The ends of the two adventures—[....] many readers still look up to Alice as a mythic embodiment of control, perseverance, bravery, and mature good sense." The degree to which the character of Alice can be identified as Alice Liddell is controversial. Some critics identify the character as Liddell, or write that she inspired the character. Others argue that Carroll considered his protagonist and Liddell to be separate. According to Carroll, his character

3478-463: The film was not successful during its original run, it later became popular with college students, who interpreted the film as a drug-drenched narrative. In 1974, Alice in Wonderland was re-released in the United States, with advertisements playing off this association. The drug association persists as an "unofficial" interpretation, despite the film's status as family-friendly entertainment. In

3552-521: The first Alice book, The Spectator described Alice as "a charming little girl, [...] with a delicious style of conversation," while The Publisher ' s Circular lauded her as "a simple, loving child." Several reviewers thought that Tenniel's illustrations added to the book, with The Literary Churchman remarking that Tenniel's art of Alice provided "a charming relief to the all the grotesque appearances which surround her." Alice's character has been highlighted by later literary critics as unusual or

3626-467: The first book is available in a hundred languages. Alice's Adventures in Wonderland has continued to maintain its popularity, placing on surveys of the top children's books. Alice placed on a 2015 British survey of the top twenty favorite characters in children's literature. She also lends her name to the style of headband that she is depicted with in Tenniel's illustrations. The continued popularity of

3700-689: The first draft of Alice's Adventures in Wonderland , to political cartoonist John Tenniel 's illustrations of her in the two Alice books. Alice has been identified as a cultural icon . She has been described as a departure from the usual nineteenth-century child protagonist, and the success of the two Alice books inspired numerous sequels, parodies, and imitations, with protagonists similar to Alice in temperament. She has been interpreted through various critical approaches, and has appeared and been re-imagined in numerous adaptations, including Walt Disney's film (1951). Her continuing appeal has been ascribed to her ability to be continuously re-imagined. Alice

3774-621: The following films:  Shrek 2 & Far Far Away Idol in 2004, Shrek the Third (2007), Shrek Forever After (2010), Puss in Boots (2011), Puss in Boots: The Three Diablos (2012), & Puss in Boots: The Last Wish (2022). Puss was voiced by Eric Bauza in the six-season series, The Adventures of Puss in Boots , and by Andé Sogliuzzo & Christian Lanz in the video games. Sogliuzzo also voiced Puss in

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3848-607: The game, Cheshire Cat gets beheaded by the Queen Of Hearts , but is still alive and his body is able to move on its own. Due to the White Rabbit's deranged state, Cheshire Cat fulfills his role of absorbing Ariko's negative emotions , though the task puts a large strain on him. The Cheshire Cat appears in Heart no Kuni no Alice , a dating sim game and its related media, as a young man named "Boris Airay", with cat-like attributes such as

3922-531: The guide to Ariko (the "Alice" of the game) and helps her chase after The White Rabbit . In the game, Cheshire Cat is portrayed with a humanoid body and wears a long grey cloak with a red-string bell around his neck, leaving only his nose, razor-sharp teeth, and wide grin visible. In Wonderland, Cheshire Cat is the "Guide", an important role that makes him feared by the other residents, and is compelled by Ariko's inner will to help her unlock her suppressed, traumatic memories and overcome her suicidal depression. Later in

3996-436: The idea that she performs the shōjo ideal, a Japanese understanding of girlhood that is "sweet and innocent on the outside, and considerably autonomous on the inside." The two Alice books are frequently re-illustrated. The expiration of the copyright of Alice's Adventures in Wonderland in 1907 resulted in eight new printings, including one illustrated in an Art Nouveau style by Arthur Rackham . The illustrators for

4070-510: The image of Alice within pop culture. Although Alice had previously been depicted as a blonde in a blue dress in an unauthorised American edition of the two Alice books published by Thomas Crowell (1893), possibly for the first time, Disney's portrayal has been the most influential in solidifying the popular image of Alice as such. Disney's version of Alice has its visual basis in Mary Blair's concept drawings and Tenniel's illustrations. While

4144-429: The inhabitants of Wonderland. Alison Lurie argues that Alice defies the gendered, mid-Victorian conceptions of the idealized girl: Alice does not have a temperament in keeping with the ideal, and she challenges the adult figures in Wonderland. From the 1930s to 1940s, the books came under the scrutiny of psychoanalytic literary critics . Freudians believed that the events in Alice's Adventures in Wonderland reflected

4218-467: The other editions published in 1907 include Charles Robinson , Alice Ross, W. H. Walker, Thomas Maybank and Millicent Sowerby . Among the other notable illustrators are Blanche McManus (1896); Peter Newell (1901), who used monochrome ; Mabel Lucie Atwell (1910); Harry Furniss (1926); and Willy Pogany (1929), who featured an Art Deco style. Notable illustrators from the 1930s onwards include Edgar Thurstan (1931), and his visual allusions to

4292-400: The personality and desires of the author, because the stories which it was based on had been told spontaneously. In 1933, Anthony Goldschmidt introduced "the modern idea of Carroll as a repressed sexual deviant", theorizing that Alice served as Carroll's representation in the novel; Goldschmidt's influential work, however, may have been meant as a hoax. Regardless, Freudian analysis found in

4366-536: The railway carriage. Carroll expressed unhappiness at Tenniel's refusal to use a model for illustrations of Alice, writing that this resulted in her head and feet being out of proportion. In February 1881, Carroll contacted his publisher about the possibility of creating The Nursery "Alice" , a simplified edition of Alice's Adventures in Wonderland with coloured and enlarged illustrations. Tenniel coloured twenty illustrations from Alice's Adventures in Wonderland , in addition to revising some aspects of them; Alice

4440-671: The sentence "off with his head" pronounced by the Queen of Hearts impossible to execute ... C.C. dynamics, which rely to some extent on separation of the sexual processes of meiosis and fusion in time and / or space, release the host from short-term pathogen pressure, thus widening the scope for the host to evolve in other directions. List of fictional felines This section deals with notable cat characters that appear in literature works of fiction including books, comics, legends, myths, folklore, and fairy tales. Any character that appears in several pieces of literature will be listed only once, under

4514-708: The sequel Alice: Madness Returns (2011), the Cheshire Cat is portrayed as an enigmatic and snarky, yet wise guide for Alice in the corrupted Wonderland. In keeping with the twisted tone of the game, the Cheshire Cat is mangy and emaciated in appearance. His voice was provided by Roger L. Jackson , who also voiced the Mad Hatter and The Jabberwock in the game. The Cheshire Cat appears in Sunsoft 's 2006 mobile game Alice's Warped Wonderland ( 歪みの国のアリス , Yugami no kuni no Arisu , Alice in Distortion World ) , serving as

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4588-504: The series of one-minute web-videos by DreamWorks wherein Puss gives advice to viewers. The stage musical Cats features many feline characters known as Jellicle cats. This section deals with notable characters who are prominently featured in various video game titles, either as main characters or notable supporting characters. Puss in Boots is in the Shrek series of video games and some of his own. The Adventures of Puss in Boots ,

4662-566: The shape of the cat's grin. Riddle : What kind of a cat can grin? Answer : A Catenary. There is a suggestion that Carroll found inspiration for the name and expression of the Cheshire Cat in the 16th century sandstone carving of a grinning cat, on the west face of St Wilfrid's Church tower in Grappenhall , a village 4.9 mi (7.9 km) from his birthplace in Daresbury , Cheshire. Lewis Carroll's father, Reverend Charles Dodgson ,

4736-475: The stories as Alice's Adventures Under Ground , which he completed in February 1864. Under Ground contains thirty-seven illustrations, twenty-seven of which Alice is depicted in. As his drawings of Alice bear little physical resemblance to Alice Liddell, whose given name she shares, it has been suggested that Alice's younger sister, Edith, might have been his model. Carroll portrays his protagonist as wearing

4810-452: The text of the two books. At home, she has a significantly older sister, a brother, a pet cat named Dinah, an elderly nurse , and a governess , who teaches her lessons starting at nine in the morning. Additionally, she had gone to a day school at some point in her backstory . Alice has been variously characterised as belonging to the upper class, middle class, or part of the bourgeoisie . When writing on her personality in "Alice on

4884-406: The twenty-first century, Alice's continuing appeal has been attributed to her ability to be continuously re-imagined. In Men in Wonderland , Catherine Robson writes that, "In all her different and associated forms—underground and through the looking glass, textual and visual, drawn and photographed, as Carroll's brunette or Tenniel's blonde or Disney's prim miss, as the real Alice Liddell [...] Alice

4958-570: The two Alice books has resulted in numerous adaptations, re-imaginings, literary continuations, and various merchandise. The influence of the two Alice books in the literary field began as early as the mid-Victorian era, with various novels that adopted the style, acted as parodies of contemporary political issues, or reworked an element of the Alice books; they featured one or more protagonists with characteristics similar to Alice's ("typically polite, articulate, and assertive"), regardless of gender. Alice's Adventures in Wonderland and Through

5032-401: The unhappy attempts of a sign painter of that country to represent a lion rampant, which was the crest of an influential family, on the sign-boards of many of the inns. The resemblance of these lions to cats caused them to be generally called by the more ignoble name. A similar case is to be found in the village of Charlton, between Pewsey and Devizes, Wiltshire. A public-house by the roadside

5106-636: Was Rector of Croft and Archdeacon of Richmond in North Yorkshire, England, from 1843 to 1868; Carroll lived here from 1843 to 1850. Some historians believe Lewis Carroll's Cheshire Cat in Alice in Wonderland was inspired by a carving in Croft church . Another possible inspiration was the British Shorthair : Carroll saw a representative British Shorthair illustrated on a label of Cheshire cheese. The Cat Fanciers' Association profile reads: “When gracelessness

5180-420: Was cut from the tail end, so that the last part eaten was the head of the smiling cat. A later edition of Brewer's adds another possible explanation, similar to Maunder's, that a painter in Cheshire once used to paint grinning lions on inns. The dictionary does not expand further on this, its editors possibly considering the connection between cats and lions self-explanatory or obvious. A 2015 article published in

5254-695: Was in games related to the Shrek franchise movies. Puss in Boots (video game) Andre Sogliuzzo is the voice of Puss in Boots in Puss in Boots: The Video Game. There is an interactive video / game with Eric Bauza as Puss In Boots, called Puss in Book that is part of the TV series. There is a web series with Andé Sogliuzzo (2014-2015) and Christian Lanz (2015-2016) playing Puss in Boots in one-minute webisodes giving everyday advice to his fans. Alice (Alice%27s Adventures in Wonderland) Alice

5328-445: Was not based on any real child, but was entirely fictional. Alice debuted in Carroll's first draft of Alice's Adventures in Wonderland , Alice's Adventures Under Ground . Under Ground originated from stories told to the Liddell sisters during an afternoon on 4 July 1862 while rowing on the Isis with his friend Robinson Duckworth , and on subsequent rowing trips. At the request of ten-year-old Alice Liddell, Carroll wrote down

5402-547: Was suggested by Alice's deferential address of the cat as "Cheshire Puss". Pusey was an authority on the fathers of the Christian Church , and in Carroll's time Pusey was known as the Patristic Catenary (or chain), after the chain of authority of Church patriarchs. As a mathematician, Carroll would have been well familiar with the other meaning of catenary : the curve of a horizontally-suspended chain, which suggests

5476-515: Was that Alice should have long, light-coloured hair. Alice's clothes are typical of what a girl belonging to the middle class in the mid-Victorian era might have worn at home. Her pinafore , a detail created by Tenniel and now associated with the character, "suggests a certain readiness for action and lack of ceremony". Tenniel's depiction of Alice has its origins in a physically similar character which appeared in at least eight cartoons in Punch , during

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