140-902: Line 6 Finch West , also known as the Finch West LRT , is a light rail transit line under construction in Toronto , Ontario, Canada, to be operated by the Toronto Transit Commission . The 10.3-kilometre (6.4 mi), 18-stop line is to extend from Finch West station on Line 1 Yonge–University to the North Campus of Humber Polytechnic in Etobicoke . The line will operate in a dedicated above-ground right-of-way, much of it within Finch Avenue, segregated from street traffic. The line will use transit signal priority and standard gauge rather than
280-724: A "light rail" vehicle (it is a heavy rail vehicle), and is only included for comparison purposes. Low-floor LRVs have the advantage of a low-floor design, allowing them to load passengers directly from low-rise platforms that can be little more than raised curbs. High-floor light rail systems also exist, featuring larger stations. Historically, the track gauge has had considerable variations, with narrow gauge common in many early systems. However, most light rail systems are now standard gauge . Older standard-gauge vehicles could not negotiate sharp turns as easily as narrow-gauge ones, but modern light rail systems achieve tighter turning radii by using articulated cars . An important advantage of
420-570: A "rapid bridge replacement" technique. This involved moving the old overpass aside in one piece and installing a new overpass in its place. By late October 2020, the first rails were being installed at the line's new maintenance and storage facility, with the first vehicles scheduled to arrive in mid-2021. In December 2020, Mosaic Transit Partners awarded Bombardier Transportation a 30-year contract to maintain Line 6's light-rail vehicles as well as wayside systems such as track and overhead catenary. Bombardier
560-562: A barrel." On October 9, 2018, Enbridge's Westcoast Pipeline exploded in Shelley, British Columbia , sparking a massive fireball and leading to shortages of natural gas throughout British Columbia. In May 2012, West Coast First Nations members and supporters protested near Enbridge's Annual Shareholder's meeting, against the proposed Northern Gateway Project and on May 31, 2012, the Vancouver Observer reported about 40 protesters outside
700-717: A bright and safe environment for riders. Using glass takes advantage of natural light to provide a more attractive environment for riders. The on-street stops will have canopies, lights, fare machines, cameras and a PA system . Each station and stop will have four screens as part of a passenger information system . The screens will provide arrival times and any news about service on the line, as well as third-party advertising provided by Astral Media , owned by Bell Media. Platforms will also have intercoms for general assistance and emergencies. There will be electrical cabinets at each stop to power electrical equipment and to provide backup power in case of an outage. The line will be operated by
840-458: A bus, there will be even more capacity when there is a combination of cars and light rail. Table 3 shows an example of peak passenger capacity. The cost of light rail construction varies widely, largely depending on the amount of tunneling and elevated structures required. A survey of North American light rail projects shows that costs of most LRT systems range from $ 15 million to over $ 100 million per mile. Seattle's new light rail system
980-403: A chaotic breakdown inflow and a dramatic drop in speed (a traffic jam ) if they exceed about 2,000 vehicles per hour per lane (each car roughly two seconds behind another). Since most people who drive to work or on business trips do so alone, studies show that the average car occupancy on many roads carrying commuters is only about 1.5 people per car during the high-demand rush hour periods of
1120-1102: A common right-of-way (however, Link converted to full separation in 2019). Some systems, such as the AirTrain JFK in New York City, the DLR in London, and Kelana Jaya Line in Kuala Lumpur , have dispensed with the need for an operator. The Vancouver SkyTrain was an early adopter of driverless vehicles, while the Toronto Scarborough rapid transit operated the same trains as Vancouver, but used drivers. In most discussions and comparisons, these specialized systems are generally not considered light rail but as light metro systems. Around Karlsruhe , Kassel , and Saarbrücken in Germany, dual-voltage light rail trains partly use mainline railroad tracks, sharing these tracks with heavy rail trains. In
1260-468: A construction staging area by Mosaic Transit Group. In March 2021, Metrolinx cancelled their proposal and agreed to provide the land at zero cost to allow for the construction of a community hub by the City of Toronto and the local community, following completion of the line. The fleet for the line will consist of 18 Alstom Citadis Spirit light rail vehicles. The vehicles are 48 metres (157 ft) long, with
1400-510: A consultation process was initiated to select unique names for the stops at Jane, Kipling, Islington, and Weston; the initial suggestions were Jane and Finch, Mount Olive, Thistletown, and Emery Village, respectively. Based on public feedback, Rowntree Mills was also considered, and ultimately selected, for the stop at Islington, while Emery was chosen as the name for the stop at Weston. The line will be built with 18 stops, of which 16 are on-street. Each platform will be 48 metres (157 ft) long,
1540-547: A contract to design, build, and finance the construction of the line and stations, and to maintain them for 30 years after their initial opening. Effective June 20, 2021, the TTC renumbered the Bay bus route from 6 to 19 to free up the route number 6 for the Finch West line. Initial preparatory utility works began in 2016. Enbridge Gas Distribution relocated natural gas pipelines lower within
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#17328524549571680-511: A frequency of every five to seven minutes during peak hours and seven to ten minutes at off-peak times. The estimated travel time between terminals will be 38 minutes. Bicycles will be allowed on board, stored in the bicycle racks inside the vehicles, during the off-peak hours. The line will support Presto fare media. The maximum operating speed for vehicles on the mainline will be 60 kilometres per hour (37 mph). The line has nine traction power substations stored in pre-built structures along
1820-494: A letter of complaint to the Hamilton (Ontario) police service (HPS) for accepting over $ 44,000 in donations from Enbridge. The letter questions whether police officers would be impartial during any anti-Enbridge protests, given the donation. On June 26, 2013, Hamilton Police arrested at least 10 people who occupied an Enbridge compound for six days to protest the expansion of Enbridge's Line 9 and intent to ship diluted bitumen through
1960-416: A light rail train may have three to four cars of much larger capacity in one train under the control of one driver, or no driver at all in fully automated systems, increasing the labor costs of BRT systems compared to LRT systems. BRT systems are also usually less fuel-efficient as they use non-electrified vehicles. The peak passenger capacity per lane per hour depends on which types of vehicles are allowed on
2100-435: A live rail. In outer areas, the trams switch to conventional overhead wires . The Bordeaux power system costs about three times as much as a conventional overhead wire system and took 24 months to achieve acceptable levels of reliability, requiring the replacement of all the main cables and power supplies. Operating and maintenance costs of the innovative power system still remain high. However, despite numerous service outages,
2240-536: A longer distance. Light rail cars are often coupled into multiple units of two to four cars. Light rail systems may also exhibit attributes of heavy rail systems, including having downtown subways, as in San Francisco and Seattle . Light rail is designed to address a gap in interurban transportation between heavy rail and bus services, carrying high passenger numbers more quickly than local buses and more cheaply than heavy rail. It serves corridors in which heavy rail
2380-628: A major part of the network that serves Alberta's oilsands. All three lines were closed down as a precautionary measure. Operations between Hardisty and Cheecham were restored on June 23 when Enbridge's Athabasca pipeline (Line 19) was restored to service. On July 1, 2013, WWMT News in Michigan reported that the Michigan Department of Environmental Quality had issued a citation against Enbridge for contamination of North Ore Creek by an Enbridge pipeline maintenance activity. On January 30, 2017,
2520-631: A more diverse range of design characteristics than LRT, depending on the demand and constraints that exist, and BRT using dedicated lanes can have a theoretical capacity of over 30,000 passengers per hour per direction (for example, the Guangzhou Bus Rapid Transit system operates up to 350 buses per hour per direction). For the effective operation of a bus or BRT system, buses must have priority at traffic lights and have their dedicated lanes, especially as bus frequencies exceed 30 buses per hour per direction. The higher theoretical of BRT relates to
2660-615: A network of natural gas transmission pipelines across North America, connecting the continent's prolific natural gas supply to major markets in Canada, the United States, Mexico, and further abroad. Enbridge's natural gas network currently covers 38,375 km (23,850 mi) across five Canadian provinces, 30 U.S. states, and offshore in the Gulf of Mexico, transporting roughly 16.2 Bcf (billions of cubic feet per day) of natural gas. DCP Midstream
2800-686: A pump failed at Enbridge's Willmar terminal in Saskatchewan. According to Enbridge, roughly half the oil was recovered. On January 1, 2007, an Enbridge pipeline that runs from Superior, Wisconsin to near Whitewater, Wisconsin cracked open and spilled ~50,000 US gallons (190 m ) of crude oil onto farmland and into a drainage ditch. The same pipeline was struck by construction crews on February 2, 2007, in Rusk County, Wisconsin, spilling ~201,000 US gallons (760 m ) of crude, of which about 87,000 U.S. gal (330 m ) were recovered. Some of
2940-407: A result, has many of the operating characteristics of a metro system rather than a light rail system. A capacity of 1,350 passengers per train is more similar to the heavy rail than light rail. Bus rapid transit (BRT) is an alternative to LRT and many planning studies undertake a comparison of each mode when considering appropriate investments in transit corridor development. BRT systems can exhibit
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#17328524549573080-706: A reversal of Line 9, is a project to deliver oil to Western Canada and Bakken to refineries in Eastern Canada and the midwest and eastern U.S. Western Gulf Coast Access, including reversal and expansion of the Seaway Pipeline and the Flanagan South Pipeline, is a plan to connect Canadian heavy oil supply to refineries along the Gulf Coast of the United States . Enbridge's oil pipelines cross North America, with 13,833 km (8,672 mi) of active pipe in
3220-1000: A rich wind-powered generation resource and allows electrical energy to flow in both directions. The transmission line is 210 miles (345 km) long and runs between the Lethbridge, Alberta area and the Great Falls, Montana area. Roughly one third of the line is in Canada and two thirds in the U.S. Enbridge Gas Inc. was formed on January 1, 2019, with the combination of Enbridge Gas Distribution and Union Gas. Its network consists of 5,471 km of gas transmission lines, 66,787 km of gas distribution service lines, and 78,214 km of gas distribution main lines. They deliver to over 15 million people in Ontario and Quebec through 3.8 million residential, commercial, industrial, and institutional meter connections and distribute roughly 2.3 bcf/d of natural gas. Additionally, in southwestern Ontario they have
3360-515: A road crew in Texas punctured the Seaway S-1 crude oil pipeline, which is jointly owned by Enterprise Products Partners and Enbridge through the joint venture Seaway Crude Pipeline Company . Two days later, it was unclear how much oil had spilled over the nearby Highway 121 northeast of Dallas . After the incident, supply concerns reportedly helped push "oil prices 2% higher in early trading to nearly $ 54
3500-455: A seating capacity of 120 passengers and a maximum capacity of 292. Each LRV will have four wheelchair positions and bike racks . There will be no designated areas for strollers or other large objects with wheels, but these could be parked at locations with fold-up seats. Each vehicle weighs 81 tonnes (89 tons). The trains were ordered in May 2017 by Metrolinx, as part of a joint order of 121 trains for
3640-530: A top speed of 55–71.5 miles per hour (88.51–115.1 km/h) depending on the system, while the trains on the all-underground Montreal Metro can only reach a top speed of 72 kilometres per hour (44.74 mph). LACMTA light rail vehicles have higher top and average speeds than Montreal Metro or New York City Subway trains. Many light rail systems—even fairly old ones—have a combination of both on- and off-road sections. In some countries (especially in Europe), only
3780-605: A total enterprise value worth $ 14 billion. The acquisition will result in Enbridge being the largest natural gas utility franchise in North America. On September 6, 2016, Enbridge agreed to buy Spectra Energy in an all-stock deal valued at about $ 28 billion. Spectra, headquartered in Houston, Texas , operated in three key areas of the natural gas industry: transmission and storage, distribution, and gathering and processing. Spectra
3920-418: A tramway, a light metro, and, in a narrow sense, rapid transit. This is especially common in the United States, where there is not a popularly perceived distinction between these different types of urban rail systems. The development of technology for low-floor and catenary-free trams facilitates the construction of such mixed systems with only short and shallow underground sections below critical intersections as
4060-626: A transfer point to the 35 Jane bus, which was the TTC's fifth busiest bus route in 2018. After passing the Driftwood and Tobermory stops, Line 6 runs over Black Creek and the Sentinel stop will be the last on-street stop before the line's eastern terminal. About 500 m (1,600 ft) east of the latter stop, opposite Romfield Lane, the line will descend into a tunnel under Keele Street to terminate inside Finch West station. The line will serve several neighbourhoods along its route. Between Highway 27 and
4200-462: Is a generic international English phrase for types of rail systems using modern streetcars/trams, which means more or less the same thing throughout the English-speaking world . Light rail systems can range from trams runnig in streets along with other traffic, to semi-metro systems having portions of grade separated track. People movers are even "lighter", in terms of capacity. Monorail
4340-526: Is a joint venture between Enbridge and Phillips 66 . Phillips 66 is one of the largest petroleum services companies in the US, owning and operating 39 natural gas plants and 51,000 miles of gathering pipe. Headquartered in Denver, Colorado, DCP operates a portfolio of natural gas gathering, logistics, marketing and processing services across nine states. Enbridge made its first investment into renewable energy in 2002 with
Line 6 Finch West - Misplaced Pages Continue
4480-509: Is a separate technology that has been more successful in specialized services than in a commuter transit role. The use of the generic term light rail avoids some serious incompatibilities between British and American English . The word tram , for instance, is generally used in the UK and many former British colonies to refer to what is known in North America as a streetcar , but in North America tram can instead refer to an aerial tramway , or, in
4620-602: Is a significant amount of overlap between the technologies; similar rolling stock may be used for either, and it is common to classify streetcars or trams as a subcategory of light rail rather than as a distinct type of transportation. However, some distinctions can be made, though systems may combine elements of both. Low-floor light rail lines tend to follow a reserved right-of-way and with trains receiving priority at intersections, and tend not to operate in mixed traffic, enabling higher operating speeds. Light rail lines tend to have less frequent stops than tramways, and operate over
4760-477: Is also 600 metres (2,000 ft) of track to connect the MSF to Finch Avenue via York Gate Boulevard. Once the line is completed, LRVs leaving the facility will be able to enter service either in an eastbound or westbound direction. Construction of the facility started in 2019, and the MSF was ready to receive its first LRV by the end of July 2021. With completion of the MSF, Mosaic Transit Group will start to test LRVs and
4900-515: Is by far the most expensive in the US, at $ 179 million per mile, since it includes extensive tunneling in poor soil conditions, elevated sections, and stations as deep as 180 feet (55 m) below ground level. This results in costs more typical of subways or rapid transit systems than light rail. At the other end of the scale, four systems (Baltimore, Maryland; Camden, New Jersey; Sacramento, California; and Salt Lake City, Utah) incurred construction costs of less than $ 20 million per mile. Over
5040-426: Is especially important for wheelchair access, as narrower gauges (e.g. metre gauge) can make it challenging or impossible to pass the tram's wheels. Furthermore, standard-gauge rolling stock can be switched between networks either temporarily or permanently, and both newly built and used standard-gauge rolling stock tends to be cheaper to buy, as more companies offer such vehicles. Overhead lines supply electricity to
5180-498: Is expensive. Similarly, the most expensive US highway expansion project was the " Big Dig " in Boston, Massachusetts, which cost $ 200 million per lane mile for a total cost of $ 14.6 billion. A light rail track can carry up to 20,000 people per hour as compared with 2,000–2,200 vehicles per hour for one freeway lane. For example, in Boston and San Francisco, light rail lines carry 9,600 and 13,100 passengers per hour, respectively, in
5320-575: Is hard to distinguish between what is called light rail, and other forms of urban and commuter rail. A system described as a light rail in one city may be considered to be a streetcar or tram system in another. Conversely, some lines that are called "light rail" are very similar to rapid transit ; in recent years, new terms such as light metro have been used to describe these medium-capacity systems. Some "light rail" systems, such as Sprinter , bear little similarity to urban rail, and could alternatively be classified as commuter rail or even inter-city rail. In
5460-549: Is impractical. Light metro systems are essentially hybrids of light rail and rapid transit. Metro trains are larger and faster than light rail trains, with stops being further apart. Many systems have mixed characteristics. Indeed, with proper engineering, a rail line could run along a street, then go underground, and then run along an elevated viaduct. For example, the Los Angeles Metro Rail 's A Line "light rail" has sections that could alternatively be described as
5600-432: Is now "the fourth Enbridge platform." (Centre Manche 1) In February, 2020, Enbridge sold its shares of Montana-Alberta Tie-Line (MATL) to Berkshire Hathaway Energy. The MATL project is a 300-megawatt (MW), 230-kilovolt (kV) electrical transmission line allowing movement of power between Alberta and Montana. The MATL project, which was placed in service the fall of 2013, supports ongoing development of
5740-520: Is now "the fourth Enbridge platform." Enbridge's ESG goals also aim to diversify its workforce with 28% representation from racial and ethnic groups and 40% from women by 2025. In 2021, Enbridge was recognized as one of Canada's top 100 employers for the 18th time, and as one of Canada's best diversity employers for the seventh time. In September 2023, it was announced Enbridge had agreed to acquire East Ohio Gas, Questar Gas, and Public Service Co. of North Carolina, from Dominion Energy for
Line 6 Finch West - Misplaced Pages Continue
5880-480: Is one of the highest capacity ones, having been upgraded in a series of expansions to handle 40,000 passengers per hour per direction, and having carried as many as 582,989 passengers in a single day on its Line 1 . It achieves this volume by running four-car trains with a capacity of up to 1,350 passengers each at a frequency of up to 30 trains per hour. However, the Manila light rail system has full grade separation and as
6020-407: Is similar to that of a traditional tram, while operating at a higher capacity and speed, often on an exclusive right-of-way. In broader use, it includes tram-like operations mostly on streets. A few light rail networks have characteristics closer to rapid transit or even commuter rail , yet only when these systems are fully grade-separated are they referred to as light metros . The term light rail
6160-535: The Cádiz TramBahia , where trams share track with commuter and long-distance trains from the main terminus in the city and curve off to serve cities without a railway connection. Some of the issues involved in such schemes are: There is a history of what would now be considered light rail vehicles operating on heavy rail rapid transit tracks in the US, especially in the case of interurban streetcars . Notable examples are Lehigh Valley Transit trains running on
6300-453: The Government of Ontario announced that it would provide funding for construction of this line from Humber College to Don Mills station via Finch West and Finch stations, opening in 2013. In March 2010, the Ontario government budgeted less for building transit. As a result, it eliminated the proposed section of the line east of Finch West station. In December 2010, Mayor Rob Ford cancelled
6440-655: The Humber Summit neighbourhood on the north side of Finch Avenue and Humbermede on the south side. There are five on-street stops in this area again, excluding Rowntree Mills. Between Highway 400 and Keele Street (Finch West station), the line will serve the Jane and Finch neighbourhood, which includes its namesake stop along with four other on-street stops. Line 1 Yonge–University TTC buses In January 2018, to avoid naming conflicts with existing TTC and GO stations in Toronto,
6580-616: The Hurontario LRT in neighbouring Mississauga and the Finch West LRT, at cost of $ 528 million. The trains are being built at an Alstom plant in Brampton . The first vehicle was assembled in September 2020 and arrived from Alstom at the MSF in two sections on July 28 and 29, 2021. The second LRV arrived in two sections on November 12, 2021. A third vehicle arrived in 2022. After joining
6720-735: The London Underground and the New York City Subway . Conventional rail technologies including high-speed , freight, commuter , and rapid transit urban transit systems are considered "heavy rail". The main difference between light rail and heavy rail rapid transit is the ability for a light rail vehicle to operate in mixed traffic if the routing requires it. The world's first electric tram operated in Sestroretsk near Saint Petersburg , Russia , invented and operated on an experimental basis by Fyodor Pirotsky in 1880. The first tramway
6860-624: The Netherlands , this concept was first applied on the RijnGouweLijn . This allows commuters to ride directly into the city center, rather than taking a mainline train only as far as a central station and then having to change to a tram. In France, similar tram-trains are planned for Paris, Mulhouse , and Strasbourg ; further projects exist. In some cases, tram trains use previously abandoned or lightly used heavy rail lines in addition to or instead of still in use mainline tracks. In 2022, Spain opened
7000-831: The O-Train Trillium Line in Ottawa, Ontario , Canada, the River Line in New Jersey , United States, and the Sprinter in California , United States, which use diesel multiple unit (DMU) cars. Light rail is different from the British English term light railway , long-used to distinguish railway operations carried out under a less rigorous set of regulations using lighter equipment at lower speeds from mainline railways. Light rail
7140-673: The Philadelphia and Western Railroad high-speed third rail line (now the Norristown High-Speed Line ). Such arrangements are almost impossible now, due to the Federal Railroad Administration refusing (for crash safety reasons) to allow non-FRA compliant railcars (i.e., subway and light rail vehicles) to run on the same tracks at the same times as compliant railcars, which includes locomotives and standard railroad passenger and freight equipment. Notable exceptions in
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#17328524549577280-840: The Sarnia Photovoltaic Power Plant and expanded it up to 80 MW, which was the world's largest photovoltaic power station at that time. In January 2017, Enbridge acquired Midcoast Energy Partners for $ 170 million in cash, and later in 2018, ArcLight acquired Midcoast Operating, L.P. from Enbridge for $ 1.1 billion. Enbridge released its first annual sustainability report in 2001, and in November 2020, Enbridge expanded its environmental, social and governance (ESG) goals and targets. The company aims to achieve net-zero greenhouse gas emissions by 2050, with an interim target to reduce emissions intensity by 35% by 2030. That same year, President and CEO Al Monaco said that renewable power
7420-599: The Toronto Transit Commission and maintained by Mosaic Transit Group as part of the public–private partnership contract with Metrolinx. A fleet of 18 Alstom Citadis Spirit vehicles will be used on the line. Dedicated tracks separated from traffic and transit signal priority at intersections will allow the line to provide service 20 percent faster than buses in mixed traffic, as well as increase reliability due to its segregation from traffic. The line will also remove 35 morning and 29 afternoon peak period buses from existing traffic lanes. According to Metrolinx, Line 6 will have
7560-662: The largest inland oil spill in the United States in 1991, when 1,700,000 U.S. gal (6,400 m ) of oil ruptured from a buried pipeline in Grand Rapids, Minnesota , spilling crude into a wetland and a tributary of the Mississippi River . Using data from Enbridge's own reports, the Polaris Institute calculated that 804 spills occurred on Enbridge pipelines between 1999 and 2010. These spills released approximately 161,475 barrels (25,672.5 m ) of crude oil into
7700-530: The medians of roads . If run in streets , trains are usually limited by city block lengths to about four 180-passenger vehicles (720 passengers). Operating on two-minute headways using traffic signal progression, a well-designed two-track system can handle up to 30 trains per hour per track, achieving peak rates of over 20,000 passengers per hour in each direction. More advanced systems with separate rights-of-way using moving block signaling can exceed 25,000 passengers per hour per track. Most light rail systems in
7840-481: The 10.3-kilometre (6.4 mi) line will run from Humber Polytechnic 's North Campus at Highway 27 in Etobicoke , using the college's former name of Humber College, to Finch West station on Line 1 Yonge–University , at Keele Street in North York . Between the two terminals, there will be 16 on-street stops, all along Finch Avenue, where tracks run in the middle of the street, segregated from traffic. In mid-block,
7980-619: The 1970s was proven to have been a technical failure by the following decade. After World War II, the Germans retained many of their streetcar networks and evolved them into model light rail systems ( Stadtbahnen ). With the exception of Hamburg , all large and most medium-sized German cities maintain light rail networks. The concept of a "limited tramway" was proposed by American transport planner H. Dean Quinby in 1962. Quinby distinguished this new concept in rail transportation from historic streetcar or tram systems as: The term light rail transit
8120-600: The 25.6 kilometres (15.9 mi) of total track required to complete the line. Besides the double-track mainline, the total track to be laid included the maintenance and storage facility, crossovers and pocket tracks. Mosaic had already laid 1.8 kilometres (1.1 mi) of track on the mainline between Pelican Gate (near the MSF) and Sentinel Road, which, starting May 20, was to be used for LRV testing with speeds up to 60 kilometres per hour (37 mph). By September 1, 2022, 47 percent of mainline track had been laid. By late November 2022,
8260-574: The Alstom Citadis Spirit light rail vehicles used on the line, as well as the line trackage. The 100,000-square-metre (1,100,000 sq ft) site will include a maintenance building with an area of 10,000 square metres (110,000 sq ft), open-air storage for up to 26 LRVs, a car wash facility, materials storage, an administration building and a traction power substation. The facility will have 4.4 kilometres (2.7 mi) of track, including both exterior storage and interior tracks. There
8400-706: The Boghill Creek, which eventually connects to the Assiniboine River. In the July 2010 Kalamazoo River oil spill , a leaking pipeline spilled more than 1,000,000 US gallons (3,800 m ) of oil sands crude oil into Talmadge Creek leading to the Kalamazoo River in southwest Michigan on July 26, near Marshall, Michigan . A United States Environmental Protection Agency update of the Kalamazoo River spill concluded
8540-579: The Canadian Oil and Gas Export Summit, protesting the proposed Enbridge Northern Gateway Project. On July 17, 2012, a group calling itself "We are the Kalamazoo" protested against Enbridge's response to the Kalamazoo spill and its plans to construct the line 6B pipeline. This protest was on the second anniversary of the Kalamazoo spill. On November 12, 2012, the Lansing State Journal reported that
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#17328524549578680-536: The East Ohio Gas Company, Questar Gas Company , and the Public Service Company of North Carolina. These companies serve 3 million customers in the states of Ohio, Utah, Wyoming, Idaho, and North Carolina. Upon completion of the acquisition, Enbridge Gas Inc. will become the largest natural gas utility in North America supplying 9 bcf/d to 7 million customers. Enbridge's pipeline was responsible for
8820-476: The Finch West LRT. The successful contractor would be chosen by 2017. The Request for Proposal (RFP) was released to select companies in February 2016 and closed on December 20, 2017. In May 2017, Metrolinx confirmed that it had entered into an agreement with Alstom to build 17 (later revised to 18) light rail vehicles for Line 6 Finch West. In September 2017, Metrolinx announced the line would not open until 2022 at
8960-491: The French city of Bordeaux , the tramway network is powered by a third rail in the city center, where the tracks are not always segregated from pedestrians and cars. The third rail (actually two closely spaced rails) is placed in the middle of the track and divided into eight-metre sections, each of which is powered only while it is completely covered by a tram. This minimizes the risk of a person or animal coming into contact with
9100-482: The German word Stadtbahn , meaning "city railway". Different definitions exist in some countries, but in the United States, light rail operates primarily along exclusive rights-of-way and uses either individual tramcars or multiple units coupled together, with a lower capacity and speed than a long heavy rail passenger train or rapid transit system. Narrowly defined, light rail transit uses rolling stock that
9240-416: The Humber River, the line will serve the Rexdale neighbourhood of Etobicoke, which includes the Mount Olive–Silverstone–Jamestown neighbourhood (also known as Smithfield ). There will be five on-street stops in the neighbourhood excluding the Rowntree Mills stop, which straddles the Etobicoke / North York boundary at the Humber River. Between the Humber River and Highway 400 in North York, the line will serve
9380-423: The LRT flanked by two traffic lanes in each direction as well as bicycle lanes. The Westmore stop will be the first stop (from west to east) of 16 along the route. After passing the Martin Grove stop, the line will circumvent the north edge of the Albion Centre shopping mall with three stops: Albion, Stevenson and Mount Olive located within a distance of about 800 metres (2,625 ft). At the Rowntree Mills stop,
9520-416: The Toronto Transit Commission was designated as the line's operator, some terms in an agreement between Metrolinx and Mosaic were violated. Mosaic alleged that the agreement between Metrolinx and the TTC was interfering with the completion of the line. Mosaic expected the TTC to "facilitate effective implementation of maintenance and operational requirements once the line commences service". From west to east,
9660-547: The U.S. The merger was completed on February 27, 2017. The company is the largest transporter of crude oil in Canada with 3 million barrels per day of oil and liquids. The Enbridge Pipeline System is the world's longest crude oil and liquids pipeline system, with 27,564 km (17,127 mi) of active crude pipeline in both Canada and the United States. This pipeline network delivers 3 million barrels of oil per day. Enbridge delivered more than 3.77 billion barrels of crude oil in 2020, and more than 29.5 billion barrels over
9800-476: The US are the NJ Transit River Line from Camden to Trenton and Austin's Capital MetroRail , which have received exemptions to the provision that light rail operations occur only during daytime hours and Conrail freight service only at night, with several hours separating one operation from the other. The O-Train Trillium Line in Ottawa also has freight service at certain hours. With its mix of right-of-way types and train control technologies, LRT offers
9940-455: The US as a whole, excluding Seattle, new light rail construction costs average about $ 35 million per mile. By comparison, a freeway lane expansion typically costs $ 1.0 million to $ 8.5 million per lane mile for two directions, with an average of $ 2.3 million. However, freeways are frequently built in suburbs or rural areas, whereas light rail tends to be concentrated in urban areas, where right of way and property acquisition
10080-634: The United States and in North America . In Britain, modern light rail systems began to appear in the 1980s, starting with the Tyne and Wear Metro from 1980 and followed by the Docklands Light Railway (DLR) in London in 1987, continuing into the 1990s including the establishment of the Manchester Metrolink in 1992 and the Sheffield Supertram from 1994. Due to varying definitions, it
10220-601: The United States and 13,681 km (8500 mi) of active pipe in Canada. The list below outlines eight of those lines. Enbridge's pipelines transport 20% of the natural gas consumed in the United States. It owns and operates Canada's largest natural gas distribution network, providing distribution services in Ontario and Quebec . Union Gas in Ontario now fully operates under Enbridge Gas Inc. In Quebec, Enbridge has interest ownership in Gazifère. Enbridge builds, owns and operates
10360-583: The United States are limited by demand rather than capacity (by and large, most American LRT systems carry fewer than 4,000 persons per hour per direction), but Boston's and San Francisco's light rail lines carry 9,600 and 13,100 passengers per hour per track during rush hour. Elsewhere in North America, the Calgary C-Train and Monterrey Metro have higher light rail ridership than Boston or San Francisco. Systems outside North America often have much higher passenger volumes. The Manila Light Rail Transit System
10500-472: The United States, "light rail" has become a catch-all term to describe a wide variety of passenger rail systems. Light rail corridors may constitute a fully segregated corridor, a dedicated right-of-way on a street, an on-street corridor shared with other traffic, a corridor shared with other public transport, or a corridor shared with pedestrians. The most difficult distinction to draw is that between low-floor light rail and streetcar or tram systems. There
10640-415: The ability of buses to travel closer to each other than rail vehicles and their ability to overtake each other at designated locations allowing express services to bypass those that have stopped at stations. However, to achieve capacities this high, BRT station footprints need to be significantly larger than a typical LRT station. In terms of cost of operation, each bus vehicle requires a single driver, whereas
10780-569: The acquisition of Consumers' Gas (now Enbridge Gas Inc.) and diversification into the gas distribution business. In addition, it acquired stakes in AltaGas Services and the electric utility of Cornwall, Ontario . Through the 1990s, the company expanded its gas pipeline network and acquired a stake in the Chicap oil pipeline. It also built the Athabasca Pipeline from northeastern Alberta to
10920-439: The assumption that Line 6 would open no earlier than September 2024. However, the builder, Mosaic Transit Group, expects the line to open by the end of 2024. Finch Avenue West is currently served by the 36 Finch West bus, one of the three busiest Toronto Transit Commission bus routes in Toronto with about 42,600 passengers per weekday. Forecasted demand in 2031 would require 32–39 articulated buses or 45–55 standard buses to serve
11060-411: The broad Toronto gauge . The line is forecast to carry about 14.6 million rides a year or 40,000 a day by 2031 and will replace the 36B Finch West bus route (west from Finch West station), which is one of the three busiest bus routes in Toronto. Line 6 was originally expected to open within the first half of 2024, with an estimated cost of CA$ 2.5 billion . For budget purposes, the TTC made
11200-862: The case of the Disney amusement parks , even a land train . (The usual British term for an aerial tramway is cable car , which in the US usually refers to a ground-level car pulled along by subterranean cables .) The word trolley is often used as a synonym for streetcar in the United States but is usually taken to mean a cart, particularly a shopping cart, in the UK and elsewhere. Many North American transportation planners reserve streetcar for traditional vehicles that operate exclusively in mixed traffic on city streets, while they use light rail to refer to more modern vehicles operating mostly in exclusive rights of way, since they may operate both side-by-side targeted at different passenger groups. The difference between British English and American English terminology arose in
11340-638: The catenary poles were installed and 50 percent of the mainline tracks had been laid (not including the maintenance and storage facility ). By late June 2023, canopies have been fully or partially installed at Sentinel, Tobermory, Driftwood, Jane and Finch, Norfinch/Oakdale, Signet Arrow, Duncanwoods, Rowntree Mills, Stevenson, Albion, Martin Grove and Westmore stops. By October 2023, all rail and overhead catenary had been installed, and all 18 light-rail vehicles had received their final acceptance. By November 2023, all platform canopies had been installed. In late May 2024,
11480-458: The city and province signed an LRT master agreement, construction for the line was to begin in 2015 for completion in 2020. In April 2015, the province announced that construction of the line would start in 2016 for completion in 2021. In September 2015, the Government of Ontario announced that its agency, Infrastructure Ontario , would search for a contractor to design, build, finance and maintain
11620-421: The closure of Glasgow Corporation Tramways (one of the largest in Europe) in 1962. Although some traditional trolley or tram systems continued to exist in San Francisco and elsewhere, the term "light rail" has come to mean a different type of rail system as modern light rail technology has primarily post-WWII West German origins. An attempt by Boeing Vertol to introduce a new American light rail vehicle in
11760-417: The communication system. In late 2021, a section of the line from the MSF to Sentinel Road was energized for up to 18 months of testing. In 2020, Metrolinx was criticized for proposing to sell off land in the Jane and Finch neighbourhood located in front of the MSF, contrary to initial promises to local community groups. A 32-metre-wide (105 ft) strip of land along Finch Avenue is currently being used as
11900-415: The day. This combination of factors limits roads carrying only automobile commuters to a maximum observed capacity of about 3,000 passengers per hour per lane. The problem can be mitigated by introducing high-occupancy vehicle ( HOV ) lanes and ride-sharing programs, but in most cases, policymakers have chosen to add more lanes to the roads, despite a small risk that in unfavorable situations an extension of
12040-750: The direct translation, which is city rail (the Norwegian term, by bane , means the same). However, UMTA finally adopted the term light rail instead. Light in this context is used in the sense of "intended for light loads and fast movement", rather than referring to physical weight. The infrastructure investment is also usually lighter than would be found for a heavy rail system. The American Public Transportation Association (APTA), in its Glossary of Transit Terminology, defines light rail as: ...a mode of transit service (also called streetcar, tramway, or trolley) operating passenger rail cars singly (or in short, usually two-car or three-car, trains) on fixed rails in
12180-549: The earliest, blaming the delay on uncertainty with the Bombardier vehicle supply. In April 2018, Mosaic Transit Group, a consortium of ACS Infrastructure Canada Inc. , Aecon , and CRH Canada Group Inc. , was selected to build the transit line. After consultation with Mosaic on a construction schedule, Metrolinx delayed projected completion of the line to 2023, ten years after the originally announced date. That May, Infrastructure Ontario and Metrolinx announced that Mosaic had signed
12320-888: The environment. On July 4, 2002, an Enbridge pipeline ruptured in a marsh near the town of Cohasset, Minnesota , in Itasca County, spilling 6,000 barrels (950 m ) of crude oil. In an attempt to keep the oil from contaminating the Mississippi River , the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources set a controlled burn that lasted for one day and created a smoke plume about 1-mile (1.6 km) high and 5 miles (8.0 km) long. In 2006, there were 67 reportable spills totaling 5,663 barrels (900.3 m ) on Enbridge's energy and transportation and distribution system; in 2007 there were 65 reportable spills totalling 13,777 barrels (2,190.4 m ). On March 18, 2006, approximately 613 barrels (97.5 m ) of crude oil were released when
12460-644: The expansion of their projects. Enbridge has been responsible for several oil spills, including a spill on Line 3 , which was the largest inland oil spill in the US . Opposition to Enbridge projects has resulted in several popular uprisings, most notably the Dakota Access Pipeline protests , and the Stop Line 3 protests . The company was initially incorporated by Imperial Oil as Interprovincial Pipe Line Company (IPL) on April 30, 1949, after Canada's first major oil discovery, in 1947, at Leduc, Alberta . In
12600-438: The first eight platform canopies had been installed at the Driftwood stop; 116 canopies were to be installed, including two at Humber College station . Earlier in the fourth quarter, the first two electrical cabinets were installed at the Driftwood stop. 29 cabinets were to be installed along the line to power lights, fare machines and security systems. By the end of March 2023, 56 of the 116 canopies were installed, 75 percent of
12740-441: The first light-rail vehicle made a test run along the entire line, from Finch West station to Humber College station, with speeds up to 60 km/h (37 mph). By mid-September 2024, construction had finished for the two terminal stations and all surface stops; the testing and commissioning phase remained to be completed. On August 15, 2024, Mosaic Transit Group filed a lawsuit against the provincial government alleging that when
12880-480: The first vehicle test on the Finch West LRT occurred at its maintenance and storage facility. During the test, a vehicle travelled 700 m (2,300 ft) at speeds between 2 km/h (1.2 mph) and 5 km/h (3.1 mph). In February 2022, an LRV made a 700-metre (2,300 ft) trip from the MSF along York Gate Boulevard onto Finch Avenue. Main line testing was expected to take place in late 2022. By May 2022, Mosaic Transit Group had laid about 35 percent of
13020-433: The future. The extension was later shown in the TTC's 2018 Corporate Plan with no timeline for completion. Light rail Light rail (or light rail transit , abbreviated to LRT ) is a form of passenger urban rail transit that uses rolling stock derived from tram technology while also having some features from heavy rapid transit . The term was coined in 1972 in the United States as an English equivalent for
13160-422: The head of the Line 6B Pipeline project stated that he had never seen as much organized landowner resistance despite 30 years in the pipeline industry. They noted that this was probably because of the 2010 Kalamazoo River spill. In May 2013, Hamilton area residents protested the reversal of flow in Line 9 and temporarily closed Ontario Highway 6 . Later that year, on June 6, 2013, a group called Hamilton 350 sent
13300-636: The largest integrated underground storage facility in Canada, and one of North America's top natural gas trading hubs. Enbridge's natural gas distribution also includes interest ownership in two additional natural gas distributors. This includes Gazfiére, serving people in Outaouais region of Quebec, and Ènergir LP, a company that operates gas transmission, gas distribution, and power distribution throughout Quebec and Vermont. In September 2023, Enbridge agreed to acquire three natural gas utility companies from Dominion Energy for $ 14 billion. The companies include
13440-589: The largest oil export pipeline network in the world. Its crude oil system consists of 28,661 kilometres (17,809 miles) of pipelines. Its 38,300 kilometre (23,800 mile) natural gas pipeline system connects multiple Canadian provinces, several US states, and the Gulf of Mexico. The company was formed by Imperial Oil in 1949 as the Interprovincial Pipe Line Company Limited to transport Alberta oil to refineries. Over time, it has grown through acquisition of other existing pipeline companies and
13580-453: The late 19th century when Americans adopted the term "street railway", rather than "tramway", with the vehicles being called "streetcars" rather than "trams". Some have suggested that the Americans' preference for the term "street railway" at that time was influenced by German emigrants to the United States (who were more numerous than British immigrants in the industrialized Northeast), as it is
13720-524: The latter is described as light rail. In those places, trams running on mixed rights-of-way are not regarded as a light rail but considered distinctly as streetcars or trams. However, the requirement for saying that a rail line is "separated" can be quite low—sometimes just with concrete "buttons" to discourage automobile drivers from getting onto the tracks. Some systems such as Seattle's Link had on-road mixed sections but were closed to regular road traffic, with light rail vehicles and buses both operating along
13860-409: The length of an LRT vehicle. Finch West station will be built as a double-length underground station with a centre platform . All stops and the two terminal stations will use transparent glass for walls, partitions and skylights. The terminal stops will use transparent glass for elevators and their shafts. This is to conform to crime prevention through environmental design (CPTED) standards to create
14000-455: The light rail concept was the "Shaker Heights Rapid Transit" which started in the 1920s, was renovated in 1980-81 and is now part of RTA Rapid Transit . Many original tram and streetcar systems in the United Kingdom , United States , and elsewhere were decommissioned starting in the 1950s as subsidies for the car increased. Britain abandoned its tram systems, except for Blackpool , with
14140-557: The line after taking office. However, in February 2012, city council voted to restore the project, along with the Eglinton Crosstown LRT (later renamed Line 5 Eglinton), as part of a new transit plan, restoring some of the elements of the Transit City proposal over Mayor Ford's objections. In April 2012, Metrolinx proposed to start construction on the Finch West LRT in 2015, with the line opening in 2018. By November 2012, when
14280-646: The line will cross the Humber River where Islington Avenue and Finch Avenue intersect on a bridge over the river with far-side stops on opposite sides of the river. The line passes the Pearldale, Duncanwoods, Milvan Rumike, Emery, and Signet Arrow stops before passing under Highway 400 . One block east of the Norfinch Oakdale stop, at York Gate Boulevard, there will be a wye junction to the line's maintenance and storage facility. The next stop, Jane and Finch, will be
14420-414: The line. The line will carry about 42,600 passengers per weekday. By 2031, projected ridership is around 2,800 passengers per hour in the peak direction. Annual operating and maintenance costs are estimated to be $ 51.5 million in 2022, before deducting fare revenue and costs saved by eliminating parallel bus service. The line will have six intermediate turnback points in addition to the turnbacks at
14560-459: The main pipeline system. In 1995, the company expanded its activities outside of North America by taking a stake in the Ocensa pipeline . This stake was sold in 2009. IPL Energy became Enbridge Inc in 1998. The Enbridge name is a portmanteau from "energy" and "bridge". In the 2000s, Enbridge introduced several large projects. Enbridge made their first investment into renewable energy in 2002 with
14700-431: The oil filled a hole more than 20 feet (6.1 m) deep and contaminated the local water table. In April 2007, roughly 6,227 barrels (990.0 m ) of crude oil spilled into a field downstream of an Enbridge pumping station near Glenavon, Saskatchewan. In January 2009, an Enbridge pipeline leaked about 4,000 barrels (640 m ) of oil southeast of Fort McMurray at the company's Cheecham Terminal tank farm. Most of
14840-465: The old and new systems. Since the 1980s, Portland, Oregon , has built all three types of system: a high-capacity light rail system in dedicated lanes and rights-of-way, a low-capacity streetcar system integrated with street traffic, and an aerial tram system . The opposite phrase heavy rail , used for higher-capacity, higher-speed systems, also avoids some incompatibilities in terminology between British and American English, for instance in comparing
14980-473: The past decade, from 2011 through 2020 inclusive. Enbridge has several new capacities and expansion projects, including the expansion of the Alberta Clipper , replacing of Line 6B, reversal of Line 9 and others. Its Light Oil Market Access initiative is a project to deliver light crude oil from North Dakota and Western Canada to refineries in Ontario, Quebec, and the U.S. Midwest. Eastern Access, including
15120-464: The peak direction during rush hour. Enbridge Enbridge Inc. is a multinational pipeline and energy company headquartered in Calgary , Alberta , Canada. Enbridge owns and operates pipelines throughout Canada and the United States, transporting crude oil, natural gas, and natural gas liquids , and also generates renewable energy . Enbridge's pipeline system is the longest in North America and
15260-670: The pipeline rupture "caused the largest inland oil spill in Midwest history" and reported the cost of the cleanup at $ 36.7 million (US) as of November 14, 2011. PHMSA raised concerns in a Corrective Action Order (CAO) about numerous anomalies that had been detected on this pipeline by internal line inspection tools, yet Enbridge had failed to check a number of those anomalies in the field. The Michigan spill affected more than 31 miles (50 km) of waterways and wetlands and about 320 people reported symptoms from crude oil exposure. The National Transportation Safety Board said at $ 800 million, it
15400-487: The purchase of a wind farm . In 2006, it announced the Enbridge Northern Gateway Pipelines Project from Athabasca to Kitimat, British Columbia . The same year, it announced the Alberta Clipper pipeline project from Hardisty, Alberta to Superior, Wisconsin, to connect oil sands production area with the existing network. This pipeline became operational in 2010. In 2009, Enbridge bought
15540-500: The purchase of a wind farm. To date Enbridge has invested in 23 wind farms, 7 solar energy projects, 5 waste heat recovery facilities, 1 geothermal project, 1 power transmission project and 1 hydroelectric facility. Enbridge has a growing interest in European offshore wind energy, and its renewable assets are part of the company's plan to achieve net-zero emissions by 2050. In 2020, President and CEO Al Monaco said that renewable power
15680-540: The required clearance height can be reduced significantly compared to conventional light rail vehicles. Reference speed from major light rail systems, including station stop time, is shown below. However, low top speed is not always a differentiating characteristic between light rail and other systems. For example, the Siemens S70 LRVs used in the Houston METRORail and other North American LRT systems have
15820-432: The right-of-way that is often separated from other traffic for part or much of the way. Light rail vehicles are typically driven electrically with power being drawn from an overhead electric line via a trolley [pole] or a pantograph ; driven by an operator onboard the vehicle; and may have either high platform loading or low-level boarding using steps." However, some diesel-powered transit is designated light rail, such as
15960-597: The river per the EPA's order. On September 9, 2010, a broken water line caused a rupture on Enbridge's Line 6A pipeline near Romeoville, Illinois , releasing an estimated 7,500 barrels (1,190 m ) of oil into the surrounding area. On June 22, 2013, Enbridge subsidiary Athabasca pipelines reported a pipeline leak of approximately 750 barrels of light synthetic crude oil from Line 37 near Enbridge's Cheecham, Alberta, terminal about 70 kilometres (43 mi) southeast of Fort McMurray . The 17-kilometre-long, 12-inch diameter pipe
16100-415: The road network might lead to increased travel times ( Downs–Thomson paradox , Braess's paradox ). By contrast, light rail vehicles can travel in multi-car trains carrying a theoretical ridership up to 20,000 passengers per hour in much narrower rights-of-way , not much more than two car lanes wide for a double track system. They can often be run through existing city streets and parks , or placed in
16240-401: The roads. Typically roadways have 1,900 passenger cars per lane per hour (pcplph). If only cars are allowed, the capacity will be less and will not increase when the traffic volume increases. When there is a bus driving on this route, the capacity of the lane will be higher and will increase when the traffic level increases. And because the capacity of a light rail system is higher than that of
16380-494: The roadway to allow for an appropriate depth beneath the proposed track-bed. Other utility work followed, with replacement and relocation of watermains, hydro poles and hydro cables. In the second quarter of 2019, substantial construction of the project began with work on the maintenance and storage facility (MSF). In June 2020, the Highway 400 overpasses over Finch Avenue were removed and replaced over two consecutive weekends, using
16520-495: The route. In March 2007, Toronto mayor David Miller announced the 17-kilometre (11 mi) Etobicoke–Finch West LRT as part of the Transit City project to build several light-rail lines within the city. The western terminus of the line would be built in the Highway 27 / Humber College area in Etobicoke . The line would run along Finch Avenue West eastward, terminating at Finch station in North York . On April 1, 2009,
16660-613: The same as the German term for the mode, Straßenbahn (meaning "street railway"). A further difference arose because, while Britain abandoned all of its trams after World War II except in Blackpool , eight major North American cities ( Toronto , Boston , Philadelphia , San Francisco , Pittsburgh , Newark , Cleveland , and New Orleans ) continued to operate large streetcar systems. When these cities upgraded to new technology, they called it light rail to differentiate it from their existing streetcars since some continued to operate both
16800-518: The same year, the company built its first oil pipeline from Leduc to Regina, Saskatchewan . In 1950, it was expanded through Gretna, Manitoba , to Superior, Wisconsin , in the United States. To operate the United States portion of the pipeline, the Lakehead Pipe Line Company (now Enbridge Energy Partners) was created. In 1953, the pipeline was expanded to Sarnia, Ontario , and in 1956 to Toronto and Buffalo, New York . In 1953, IPL
16940-527: The spilled oil was contained within berms but about 1% of the oil, about 40 barrels (6.4 m ), sprayed into the air and coated nearby snow and trees. On January 2, 2010, Enbridge's Line 2 ruptured near Neche, North Dakota , releasing about 3,784 barrels of crude oil, of which 2,237 barrels (355.7 m ) was recovered. In April 2010, an Enbridge pipeline ruptured spilling more than 9.5 barrels (1.51 m ) of oil in Virden, Manitoba . This oil leaked into
17080-408: The standard gauge is that standard railway maintenance equipment can be used on it, rather than custom-built machinery. Using standard gauges also allows light rail vehicles to be conveniently moved around using the same tracks as freight railways. Additionally, wider gauges (e.g. standard gauge) provide more floor clearance on low-floor trams that have constricted pedestrian areas at the wheels, which
17220-523: The street will be 36 metres (118 ft) wide, with the LRT right-of-way being about 8 metres (26 ft) wide. From its western terminal, Humber College station , the line will run north in a trench along the west side of Highway 27 to its intersection with Finch Avenue, where the line will curve east in a short tunnel under the intersection and rise to street level along Finch Avenue. On Finch Avenue east of Highway 27, there will be two centre-reserved lanes for
17360-551: The system was a success with the public, gaining up to 190,000 passengers per day. Automatic train operation is employed on light rail networks, tracking the position and speed of a train and hence adjusting its movement for safety and efficiency. One line of light rail (requires 7.6 m, 25' right of way) has a theoretical capacity of up to 8 times more than one 3.7 m (12 foot) lane on a freeway, excluding busses, during peak times. Roads have ultimate capacity limits that can be determined by traffic engineering , and usually experience
17500-499: The trams, making it safe on city streets. Several systems in Europe and a few recently opened systems in North America use diesel -powered trains. When electric streetcars were introduced in the late 19th century, conduit current collection was one of the first ways of supplying power, but it proved to be much more expensive, complicated, and trouble-prone than overhead wires . When electric street railways became ubiquitous, conduit power
17640-486: The two delivered sections, the vehicles are run around the MSF yard initially at 5 km/h (3.1 mph), then each vehicle is tested by running it around the yard for 600 kilometres (370 mi) without a defect occurring. The same type of vehicles will be used for the Hurontario LRT. The line was originally supposed to use the same Bombardier Flexity Freedom trains planned for Line 5 Eglinton ; however, this order
17780-615: The two terminal stations. All but one turnback point have a pair of crossovers , one facing-point and the other trailing-point. The crossovers at or near the Westmore and Sentinel stops are just one stop away from the western and eastern terminals respectively. The turnback points from west to east are: Metrolinx has constructed a maintenance and storage facility (MSF) on a lot on the north side of Finch Avenue West between York Gate Boulevard and Norfinch Drive next to Monsignor Fraser College 's Norfinch Campus. The MSF will have facilities to service
17920-455: The vast majority of light rail systems. This avoids the danger potentially presented by an electrified third rail . The Docklands Light Railway uses an inverted third rail for its electrical power, which allows the electrified rail to be covered and the power drawn from the underside. Trams in Bordeaux , France, use a special third-rail configuration where the power is only switched on beneath
18060-434: The widest range of latitude of any rail system in the design, engineering, and operating practices. The challenge in designing light rail systems is to realize the potential of LRT to provide fast, comfortable service while avoiding the tendency to overdesign that results in excessive capital costs beyond what is necessary to meet the public's needs. The BART railcar in the following chart is not generally considered to be
18200-406: Was also chosen to maintain the fleet and wayside systems for Line 5 Eglinton in a different contract. In January 2021, the first of 11 traction power substations that will power the trains was installed. This first substation would power an initial 1,800-metre (5,900 ft) section of track between Norfinch Road / Oakdale Drive and Sentinel Road to allow for train testing. In late January 2022,
18340-470: Was cancelled by Metrolinx following delivery delays by Bombardier . Several extensions to the line have been proposed; however, as of 2023, none of the proposed extensions have been funded for design or construction. The line was originally planned to extend from Finch West station to Finch station on the Yonge leg of Line 1 as part of the original Transit City proposal as well as The Big Move . This segment
18480-527: Was coined in 1972 by the U.S. Urban Mass Transportation Administration (UMTA; the precursor to the Federal Transit Administration ) to describe new streetcar transformations that were taking place in Europe and the United States. In Germany, the term Stadtbahn (to be distinguished from S-Bahn , which stands for Stadtschnellbahn ) was used to describe the concept, and many in UMTA wanted to adopt
18620-543: Was constructed in 2006 and links the Long Lake oilsands upgrader to the Cheetham terminal as part of Enbridge's Athabasca system. Unusually heavy rainfall in the region, also responsible for the 2013 Alberta floods , may have caused "ground movement on the right-of way that may have impacted the pipeline." Enbridge's Athabasca (Line 19) shares a portion of right of way with Line 37 and Enbridge's Wood Buffalo/Waupisoo (Line 75/18),
18760-646: Was formed in late 2006 as a spin-off from Duke Energy . Spectra owned the Texas Eastern Pipeline (TETCo), a major natural gas pipeline transporting gas from the Gulf of Mexico coast in Texas to the New York City area; TETCo was one of the largest pipeline systems in the United States. Spectra also operated three oil pipelines , numerous other gas pipelines and was proposing to build still 3 more gas pipelines in
18900-448: Was included in the 2010 environmental assessment of the line. In March 2010, the Ontario government eliminated the proposed section of the line between Finch West and Finch because of budget constraints. In 2013, this plan was revived as an "unfunded future rapid transit project" in the City of Toronto's "Feeling Congested?" report, indicating that this extension may be constructed sometime in
19040-662: Was introduced in North America in 1972 to describe this new concept of rail transportation. Prior to that time the abbreviation "LRT" was used for " Light Rapid Transit " and " Light Rail Rapid Transit ". The first of the new light rail systems in North America began operation in 1978 when the Canadian city of Edmonton, Alberta , adopted the German Siemens-Duewag U2 system, followed three years later by Calgary, Alberta , and San Diego, California . The concept proved popular, with there now being numerous light rail systems in
19180-551: Was listed on the Toronto and Montreal stock exchanges. In 1983, IPL built the Norman Wells pipeline and joined Frontier Pipeline Company. In 1986, through a series of stakes exchanges, IPL gained control of Home Oil and in 1988, it changed its name to Interhome Energy Inc. In 1991, it changed its name to Interprovincial Pipe Line Inc. In 1992, Interprovincial Pipe Line Inc. was acquired by Interprovincial Pipe Line System Inc., which changed its name to IPL Energy Inc. in 1994, after
19320-610: Was the Gross-Lichterfelde tramway in Lichterfelde near Berlin in Germany, which opened in 1881. It was built by Werner von Siemens who contacted Pirotsky. It initially drew current from the rails, with overhead wire being installed in 1883. The first interurban to emerge in the United States was the Newark and Granville Street Railway in Ohio, which opened in 1889. An early example of
19460-510: Was the costliest onshore spill cleanup in U.S. history. The NTSB found Enbridge knew of a defect in the pipeline five years before it burst. In June 2013, a Kalamazoo man lodged himself into an Enbridge pipeline in Marshall, MI to protest Enbridge's lack of accountability for the 2010 spill and to encourage landowners along Enbridge's Line 6B expansion to offer increased resistance to construction in 2013. In 2014, Enbridge completed cleanup of
19600-517: Was used in those cities that did not permit overhead wires. In Europe, it was used in London, Paris, Berlin, Marseille, Budapest, and Prague. In the United States, it was used in parts of New York City and Washington, D.C. Third rail technology was investigated for use on the Gold Coast of Australia for the G:link light rail, though power from overhead lines was ultimately utilized for that system. In
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