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27-617: The Alstom Citadis Spirit is a low-floor articulated light rail vehicle developed by Alstom for Ottawa 's O-Train . It is marketed as part of its Citadis family, which includes other models of light rail vehicles, and is based on the Citadis Dualis. The Citadis Spirit is designed for both city-centre and suburban operation. Its low-floor design has no interior steps or ramps. The vehicle can be used for both street-running allowing boarding from street or curb, and high-speed travel up to 90 km/h (56 mph). The first order for

54-541: A high-floor vehicle serving high-platform stops. Currently both types are in use, depending on the station platform infrastructure in existing rail systems. Some systems may make use of former railway alignments where use of existing high platforms is desirable, while others, particularly new systems, may not have the space to site high-level platforms in urban centres. Trams traditionally had high floors, and articulated tram designs evolved with low-floor centre sections. Examples of this design are Amsterdam 11G/12G-trams and

81-475: A centre module with 1 door on each side and an intermediate module with 2 doors on each side. The total length of all four modules is 48.4 metres (159 ft). The vehicle is configured for 300 passengers. In June 2017, it was announced that Alstom had been awarded the contract to provide vehicles for Phase 2 of the Confederation Line. The order was placed for 38 additional Citadis Spirit vehicles, bringing

108-487: A combination of train and track switch failures. The trains' interior heating systems have been reported to be insufficient in Ottawa's sub-zero winter temperatures, forcing OC Transpo to consider adding heaters to the vehicles. A manufacturing defect with the inductors used by the vehicles led to numerous electrical failures in inclement weather. On January 30, 2020, the Confederation Line reached an all-time operational low when it

135-490: A failure in one of the wheel hub assemblies. A transit advocacy group, Ottawa Transit Riders, said having another major issue less than three years after the system launched "raises some concerns". On July 17, 2023, all train service was suspended due to another bearing issue that was discovered during a routine inspection. Metrolinx , a provincial transit agency within the province of Ontario, has placed an order for 61 Citadis Spirit vehicles to serve future light rail lines in

162-683: A light rail line under construction in Toronto. If Bombardier failed to deliver, Metrolinx would be liable for heavy penalties of $ 500,000 per day payable to the consortium building that line. Thus, the Citadis Spirit order acted as insurance in case Bombardier fails to complete the Flexity Freedom order on time. If Bombardier is late, then the 44 vehicles for the Hurontario LRT could completely service Line 5 Eglinton. In April 2022, Quebec City started

189-493: A maximum capacity of 340 passengers for that length of vehicle.) Metrolinx expects to operate the vehicles at approximately 60 kilometres per hour (37 mph) although Alstom lists the Citadis' maximum speed as 90 kilometres per hour (56 mph). Metrolinx placed the Citadis Spirit order mainly because it was concerned that Bombardier might not be able deliver an order of Flexity Freedom vehicles in time to open Line 5 Eglinton ,

216-566: A result, half of the fleet is currently kept out of service each day so that every wheel on each vehicle can be inspected before the vehicle can be put back into service. On July 10, 2020, the Transportation Safety Board of Canada (TSB) launched an independent investigation into the matter. On September 16, 2020, the City announced that Alstom had determined that the root cause of the issue was an improperly aligned screw that caused stress on

243-424: A selection process for a supplier of light-rail vehicles. In February 2023, Alstom Transport Canada Inc. was chosen as the successful bidder. Besides supplying the vehicles, it will also maintain them for 30 years. Before Alstom won the contract, the tramway project called for vehicles to be 43 metres (141 ft) long and have a certain distinctive outward appearance, suggesting customization. The contract calls for

270-697: A unique appearance compared to any other trams running at the time, they earned a number of nicknames, including hobble skirt cars, public welfare cars, and sow bellies. Typical floor heights of low-floor trams are 300 to 350 mm (11.8 to 13.8 in), and the Ultra Low Floor tram has a floor height of only 180 mm (7.1 in). For comparison high-floor trams are typically more than 600 mm (23.6 in) and rapid transit using heavy rail trains has floor heights of 800 to 1,200 mm (31.5 to 47.2 in). Transportation Safety Board of Canada Too Many Requests If you report this error to

297-676: The Greater Toronto Area . Metrolinx intends to assign 17 vehicles from the order to serve the planned Line 6 Finch West in Toronto while the remaining 44 vehicles will go to the planned Hurontario LRT in Peel Region . Both lines are under construction. To fill the Metrolinx order, Alstom has set up a plant in Brampton , Ontario, that will create 100 to 120 full-time direct jobs. In September 2020,

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324-638: The Kusttrams in Belgium . The most common design of 100% low floor vehicles is the multi-articulated design. This uses short carbody sections for the wheels with longer sections between them. Examples of this are the Alstom Citadis and Combino . A different design was developed by MAN . In 1990 the GT6N was the first 100% low-floor tram. These trams are found in ten German cities (such as Bremen and Munich ) and in

351-511: The Brampton plant was assembling its first Citadis, which was delivered to the Finch West LRT maintenance and storage facility in late July 2021. The Metrolinx website described the passenger capacity of the 48.4-metre (159 ft) vehicle ordered as 120 seated and 216 standing. The vehicle will have space for wheelchairs, strollers and (outside of peak hours) bicycles. (The vendor brochure gives

378-563: The Citadis Spirit came from the City of Ottawa for use on the new Confederation Line opened in September 2019. The second order came from the Government of Ontario 's Metrolinx transit agency. They have placed an order to serve future light rail lines in the Greater Toronto Area . The Citadis Spirit is constructed using four types of modules, not all of which are used on the same vehicle: Promotional videos illustrate four configurations for

405-528: The Citadis Spirit, while the vendor brochure illustrates only three. The following table combines data from the two sources: Promotional videos suggest that a customer can purchase a shorter vehicle and extend it later by adding modules. However, as illustrated in videos, if the C+S+C version were purchased, the short-centre (S) module would need to be replaced by the long-centre (L) module. The vehicle must have one centre module, either short or long, as only these carry

432-560: The City of Ottawa's Confederation Line which opened on September 14, 2019. Alstom will also provide maintenance services for 30 years to Rideau Transit Group (RTG), the consortium responsible for the design, construction, financing, and maintenance of the line. The trains were built in Hornell , New York and Sorel-Tracy , Quebec , with final assembly in Ottawa. The Ottawa vehicles have 27 percent Canadian content. The vehicles consist of four modules: two cab modules each with two doors per side,

459-475: The Swedish city Norrköping . Other designs are only partially low floor, with high floors over the bogies at the outer ends and single axle bogies under the low-floor centre section. North American light rail type vehicles frequently have a similar configuration but with a centre bogie designed to accommodate a low floor situated under a short centre section. In Vienna, Ultra Low Floor (ULF) Trams can "kneel" at

486-861: The construction of 34 Citadis Spirit LRVs, with an option for 5 more to handle any increase in ridership. The contract is worth $ 1.34 billion, of which $ 569 million is for building the vehicles and $ 768 million is for 30 years of maintenance. The vehicles will be designed in Saint-Bruno-de-Montarville and assembled at Alstom's factory in La Pocatière . The contract requires that the vehicles have 25 percent local content; however, many parts will be manufactured in Mexico. Alstom will provide operator training for RTC staff. Low-floor tram A low-floor tram allows accessible level access from curb level platforms. Level access can also be achieved either by using

513-414: The curbside, reducing the height from the road to only 180 mm (7.1 in). Some public transport companies have both low floor and high floor trams. They report that low floor trams have 15% higher maintenance costs for the rolling stock, and 20% higher maintenance costs for the infrastructure on average. Many low-floor trams have fixed bogies which increase track wear and tear, while decreasing

540-474: The following day pending a root-cause investigation. The TSB, again, deployed investigators to assess the incident; it did not, however, launch a formal investigation. The initial findings by RTG suggested that a fault within the axle–bearing assembly was potentially the cause of the derailment. On July 23, 2022, all trains that had travelled more than 175,000 kilometres (109,000 mi) were pulled out of service for additional inspections after an inspection found

567-455: The on-board computer for some trains in service needing to be rebooted, causing delays of up to 20 to 30 minutes. Reliability gradually improved in November and December 2019. However, on December 31, 2019, electrical problems caused by improperly cleaned electrical contacts on the roof of the trains caused disruptions to passengers. Then, throughout January 2020, service continued to suffer due to

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594-537: The pantograph. Power options in addition to pantograph pickup include: Manufacturing for the Citadis Spirit takes place in several locations. Major parts manufacturing occurs in Hornell, New York , bogies are manufactured in Sorel-Tracy, Quebec , and final assembly takes place in Ottawa, Ontario . A second final assembly plant has since been established in Brampton, Ontario . Alstom supplied 34 Citadis Spirit vehicles for

621-588: The pivoting bogies. The idea of a low-floor tram dates back to the early 20th century when a number of trolley systems began experimenting with various "stepless" designs. Perhaps the most notable is the Hedley-Doyle Stepless car introduced in 1912 for use on Broadway in Manhattan . A number of other cities also purchased Hedley-Doyle Stepless trams after seeing their success in Manhattan. Since these cars had

648-436: The speed at which a tram can drive through a curve (usually 4–15 km/h (2.5–9.3 mph) in 20 m (66 ft) radius curve). The Škoda ForCity and the newest Alstom Citadis X04 try to counter the effect with pivoting bogies while maintaining 100% low floor design. Prior to the new design, pivoting bogies could only be used under high floors, hence such trams could only be part low-floor, with high-floor sections over

675-516: The total amount of Spirit vehicles on Confederation line to 72. By early October 2019, the automated doors of the vehicles used by Ottawa's Confederation Line experienced faults if pried open or held back by passengers; this resulted in numerous service disruptions, some lasting up to 90 minutes due to a lack of proper procedures to isolate and disable the faulty doors while a train was in service. The vehicles also began encountering integration issues with Thales' SelTrac train control system that led to

702-401: The wheel, resulting in the cracks. Alstom said it would replace every wheel in the fleet by early 2021. The TSB's independent investigation continued at that time. As of August 3, 2021, the wheels on 32 vehicles had been replaced. On August 8, 2021, an out-of-service train partially derailed when a single wheel came off of the tracks after crossing a switch. All vehicles were pulled from service

729-434: Was short five trains due to "recurring mechanical and electrical issues". Only eight to nine trains ran during the day. The Confederation Line is expected to field 13 working trains during rush hour. On July 2, 2020, cracks were found on two wheels of a vehicle during routine maintenance activities. A subsequent inspection of all vehicles found two more wheels with cracks, for a total of four across three different vehicles. As

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