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98-747: The enhanced community quarantine in Luzon was a series of stay-at-home orders and cordon sanitaire measures implemented by the Inter-Agency Task Force for the Management of Emerging Infectious Diseases (IATF-EID) on the island of Luzon and its associated islands . It is part of the COVID-19 community quarantines in the Philippines , a larger scale of COVID-19 containment measures with varying degrees of strictness. The "enhanced community quarantine" (ECQ)

196-533: A comment about the stay-at-home order of Illinois by trying to differentiate it from a lockdown or a martial law. When states and counties across the United States issued an order to have residents remain home, they either called it a shelter-in-place order or stay-at-home order. It has been clarified that these orders are not lockdowns because residents are allowed to go in and out of their homes in limited circumstances. Some jurisdictions have determined that there

294-507: A community while allowing most organizations to function normally, or limit movements or activities such that only organizations supplying basic needs and services can function normally. A lockdown was implemented in Mexico from April 30 to May 5, 2009 in response to the 2009 swine flu pandemic . During the COVID-19 pandemic , the term lockdown was used for actions related to mass quarantines or stay-at-home orders. The first lockdown during

392-593: A concern that the word lockdown may send a wrong message for people to incorrectly think that it includes door-to-door searching for infected people to be forced into quarantines similar to the Hubei lockdown . The term lockdown was used by the media and the World Health Organization (WHO) to describe the action taken in January 2020 by the government of China to restrict movements of people in order to control

490-439: A facility or, for example, a computing system, from a threat or other external event. In buildings doors leading outside are usually locked so that no person may enter or exit. Lockdowns may be adopted as a preventative measure or in response to a crisis as an emergency measure. A preventive lockdown is a preemptive action plan implemented to address an unusual scenario or a weakness in system to preempt any danger to ensure

588-453: A hospital may include: external contamination, civil disturbance and abduction of an infant or child . In manufacturing , the term lockdown event refers to a continuous improvement initiative in which manufacturing in a specific area (typically a cell or specific piece of machinery) is halted in order to contain, and determine, what are the issues that are preventing the manufacture of goods from meeting quality specifications. During

686-477: A limited degree and operation of public transportation are allow but with less volume. Universities and colleges in areas under GCQ can end the academic year and provide credentials to students. Similarly, airports and seaports can also operate to make the delivery of goods open. From May 16 to 31, only a limited number of places in Luzon (Metro Manila, Laguna, Bataan, Bulacan, Nueva Ecija, Pampanga including Angeles and Zambales) are under modified ECQ or MECQ, which

784-474: A lockdown between states. In term of legality of an order, the government must be able to prove that the order advances a "compelling government interest" and the actions are narrow enough to specifically achieve that goal and they are not unnecessarily broad. The scope of lockdowns or stay-at-home orders can vary. There is no universal definition of what is deemed essential. Some orders allow residents to come out for outdoor activities. When residents come out of

882-492: A lockdown order on one of the buildings on campus for six hours, cordoning off the area. A campus alert was sent via email to everyone affiliated with UBC, while those in the building remained locked in it. On April 10, 2008, two Canadian secondary schools were locked down due to suspected firearm threats. George S. Henry Academy was locked down in Toronto , Ontario at approximately 2:00 p.m. The ETF were contacted and

980-471: A moderate to high risk of infection until May 31. New degrees such as "modified enhanced community quarantine" (MECQ) and "general community quarantine" (GCQ) were introduced by the IATF-EID during the month of May as easing restrictions commenced, until all restrictions under ECQ and MECQ were downgraded to GCQ and "modified general community quarantine" (MGCQ) on June 1. After two months of a relaxed GCQ status,

1078-802: A modified quarantine is likely to be implemented after April 30. On the other hand, the WHO recommended on April 22 a gradual lifting of the lockdowns. The organization earlier advised the Philippine authorities to contemplate on the "epidemiological situation" with regards to the lifting of the Luzon lockdown. In his address to the public on April 24, Duterte declared that the ECQ is prolonged up to May 15, 2020, only for Metro Manila, Calabarzon , Central Luzon (except Aurora), and other areas in Luzon that are deemed high-risk to critical-risk for COVID-19. These high-risk areas include Benguet , Pangasinan , Albay and Catanduanes . On

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1176-558: A rapid increase in infected persons in the province, with the DOH citing Tabuk and the four towns as "critical areas" for virus spread. On February 6, regional IATF-EID chairperson Araceli San Jose approved the extension of the ECQ in Tabuk until February 15. Additionally, Tinglayan and Pinukpuk, which were previously under GCQ, intensified lockdown status to MECQ. Tanudan and Lubuagan remained under modified ECQ. Rizal and Balbalan were relaxed to GCQ with

1274-666: A second MECQ was reimplemented in Metro Manila and its immediate surrounding provinces on August 4 and was lifted on August 18. Finally, on January 24, 2021, a second ECQ was restored in Tabuk while an MECQ was raised in four more municipalities in Kalinga . It was lifted on February 15. Due to a recent spike in COVID cases, especially in the Greater Manila Area , a third ECQ was reimplemented for

1372-479: A skeletal workforce. Hotels and other businesses that provide accommodation are not operational and they are only allowed to lodge foreign guests who have bookings or guests who have long-term leases as of March 17. Traveling through air, sea and land is restricted only to diplomats, uniformed workers (especially those who travel with medical supplies, specimens from the laboratory in relation to COVID-19), and those who do humanitarian work. People who were going outside

1470-506: Is a legal or practical distinction between the terms "stay-at-home" and "shelter-in-place". In Melbourne and Sydney, the term iso , shortened from self-isolation , is often colloquially used to refer to stay-at-home orders. The House of Commons laws which restricted movement and gathering during the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom were known as "lockdown laws". As health is mostly devolved, lockdown laws can differ between

1568-438: Is a restriction policy for people, community or a country to stay where they are, usually due to specific risks that could possibly harm the people if they move and interact freely. The term is used for a prison protocol that usually prevents people, information or objects from leaving an area. The protocol can usually only be initiated by someone in a position of authority . A lockdown can also be used to protect people inside

1666-942: Is a stage where ECQ areas are being transitioned to GCQ. More businesses that can operate under the MECQ are determined by the IATF-EID while government employees, accredited diplomatic missions and international organizations work in a skeletal workforce. Hotels and similar institutions are not allowed to open except those who are exempted by the IATF-EID guidelines. In general, unauthorized public gathering were still not permitted under MECQ but up to five people can gather for religious purposes. People can go outside to exercise but with safety measures still in place like social distancing and wearing of face masks. However, there are still certain people who are not allowed to go outside their homes such as those with health risks and pregnant women. Schools under MECQ are still nonoperational and public transport are still banned except for tricycles . The IATF-EID for

1764-436: Is also one of the strictest lockdowns in the world with cigarettes and alcohol banned throughout. Lockdown procedures vary by site and country. Generally, a lockdown means that interior and exterior doors are locked, and all students and staff must remain in their location from the time the lockdown is announced. In some locations, windows are covered, and students stand at the back of the classroom or away from windows. Since

1862-431: Is imminent threat to the lives or risk of injury to humans, for example, a school's emergency lockdown procedures must be kept short and simple to make them easier to use under real life crisis conditions. Simple procedures can be easily taught with periodic lockdown drills instead of lengthy training. Both preventative and emergency lockdowns can be adopted for similar goals. They may be use for security purposes to reduce

1960-574: Is lifted and production is resumed. Follow-up sampling is conducted subsequently to ensure continuity of the lockdown results. In the wake of the September 11 attacks (2001), a three-day lockdown of American civilian airspace was initiated. At the University of British Columbia (UBC) on January 30, 2008, an unknown threat was made, and the Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP) issued

2058-425: Is no longer allowed limiting the movement of people. All schools in all levels are temporarily prohibited to conduct classes and activities until April 14. Remote work was permitted by government workers of the executive branch except for the skeletal workforce consisting of uniformed personnel ( Philippine National Police , Armed Forces of the Philippines , and Philippine Coast Guard ), those providing services in

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2156-486: Is the strictest of these measures and is effectively a total lockdown . There were three instances of the ECQ being implemented in Luzon. The first ECQ and first MECQ were implemented between March 17 and May 31, 2020. This was announced on March 16, two days after the government of the Philippines under Rodrigo Duterte placed Metro Manila under a "community quarantine" on March 14. It was implemented throughout Luzon from March 17 until May 15, and remained in areas with

2254-668: The Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas , the Securities and Exchange Commission , and the Philippine Stock Exchange , were permitted to open beginning March 18 only, provided that skeletal workforce are set up. Those industries who act as Business Process Outsourcing or call centers as well as export-oriented industries are also allowed to continue with their operations as long as they observe social distancing protocols, temporary shelter for their employees by March 18, and keep up with

2352-410: The COVID-19 pandemic . Countries and territories around the world have enforced lockdowns of varying degrees. Some include total movement control while others have enforced restrictions based on time. Mostly, only essential businesses are allowed to remain open. Schools, universities and colleges have closed either on a nationwide or local basis in 63 countries, affecting approximately 47 per cent of

2450-782: The City of Manila , Bacoor , and other places issued quarantine passes to persons who were designated by their household would go out their homes to buy needed goods. The ECQ also directs stricter social distancing protocols where people going to public places must observe one meter distance apart from each other. Non-essential businesses are not permitted to open and they will be forcibly closed if they do. In contrast, businesses who provide food and medicine are allowed to operate. In addition, gasoline stations and funeral services can continue their operations. Furthermore, financial institutions such as bank and money transfer services and utility providers are also not barred to open. Capital markets such as

2548-488: The Columbine shooting in 1999 and the September 11, 2001 attacks , lockdown procedures in schools have been changing. Some schools direct teachers to continue with standard procedures while remaining quiet, while some recommend an active approach against threats. In prisons, the term lockdown can be defined as a course of action to control the movement of inmates. Confining all prisoners, except workers, to their cells until

2646-514: The Holy Week starting on March 29 until April 4, which has since been extended until April 11, 2021. The ECQ affected around 57 million people in Luzon during its peak. It also resulted in the mobilization of the national and local governments, with the Bayanihan to Heal as One Act passed to combat the epidemic. The effectiveness of the ECQ implementation was noted by a study made by the University of

2744-476: The Land Transportation Franchising and Regulatory Board (LTFRB) to extend the deadline up to the end of April 2020. The Bureau of Internal Revenue also lengthen the deadline for filing income tax returns (ITR) from the original April 15 date to May 15. Nevertheless, the agency appealed to the public to file their ITR on the original April 15 date if they are already prepared, "in order to help

2842-557: The November 2015 Paris attacks . Later in 2015, a terror threat caused the 2015 Los Angeles Unified School District closure . In August 2019, the Indian government imposed a lockdown on Jammu and Kashmir after the revocation of the special status of the state, by communications and media blackout , claiming that the lockdown was to curb terrorism. According to Merriam-Webster , the first known use of lockdown occurred in 1973, referring to

2940-415: The lockdown event a multi-disciplinary team reviews the specific area's manufacturing processes, tooling and machine condition, to find the root cause(s) of the problem(s). Once changes to the process, or machine repairs that may include adjustments or replacement are effected, a sample run is initiated and evaluated. If the results of the validation are within the required specifications, the area lockdown

3038-669: The Duterte administration raise enough funds" for battling the economic impact of COVID-19. BIR is expecting a shortfall of about Php 145 billion tax collections because of the new deadline. On March 20, the fourth day of the ECQ, the DOTr announced that they will disallow the entry of foreigners to the Philippines in compliance with the order by the DFA to suspend visa issuance and visa-free privileges starting midnight of March 22. Exceptions to this rule include "foreign spouses and children (provided that

Enhanced community quarantine in Luzon - Misplaced Pages Continue

3136-520: The ECQ is "too early to assess," citing the Wuhan lockdown was still in effect even if the new COVID-19 daily reported cases are single-digit only. On the next day, March 31, the Spokesperson of the IATF-EID and Cabinet Secretary Karlo Nograles revealed that the DOH will be the forefront on the technical working group who will set parameters that President Duterte will utilize for making the decision regarding

3234-525: The ECQ, the DOH launched hotlines for COVID-19 emergencies. The hotlines (02-894-COVID or 02-894-26843 and 1555) were made possible through the DOH's partnership with the DILG's National Emergency Hotline and the Philippine Long Distance Telephone (PLDT) as well as Smart Communications , PLDT's mobile subsidiary. The numbers are available 24/7 throughout the Philippines. On March 18, 2020,

3332-455: The IATF's recommendation to place Bataan under ECQ from August 8 to 22 due to the growth of virus infections. On August 13, the MECQ in some areas was extended until August 31. Laguna was shifted to MECQ from August 16 to 31. The province then joined the rest of Calabarzon provinces and the city of Lucena in adopting the new Alert Level system by October 20, effectively lifting the MECQ status in

3430-471: The Luzon island. The Luzon ECQ is described under a March 16 memorandum from Executive Secretary Salvador Medialdea by the order of the President as compliance to Proclamation No. 929 (state of calamity of the whole Philippines due to COVID-19), Proclamation No. 922 (public health emergency) and Republic Act No. 11332 (reporting of communicable diseases law). On March 30, DOH Secretary Duque said that lifting

3528-567: The MECQ status in the region. All the other provinces in Luzon that are yet to adopt the Alert Level System were placed under GCQ and MGCQ. Aside from the Luzon-wide enhance community quarantine which restricts the movement of people to and from the island group, several LGUs in Luzon has imposed their own lockdown measures. Although, the LGUs are bound to comply with the national government rules on

3626-412: The Management of Emerging Infectious Diseases that was created through Executive Order No. 168 in 2014 convened in January 2020 to address the growing viral outbreak in Wuhan , China . They made a resolution to manage the spreading of the new virus, which was known at the time as 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) and eventually renamed to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2),

3724-557: The Metro Manila community quarantine, on March 16, President Duterte declared a Luzon-wide "enhanced community quarantine" (ECQ) that aimed to further combat the effect of the continuing and increasing spread of COVID-19. It took effect on March 17 and was supposedly scheduled to end on April 12. This quarantine also included the Mimaropa region ( Occidental and Oriental Mindoro , Marinduque , Romblon and Palawan ) despite it being outside

3822-400: The Philippines (including their foreign spouse and children) or holders of permanent resident visas and diplomat visas. Mass transportation vehicles are allowed to operate provided that persons riding these vehicles comply with the social distancing guidelines. Curfew has also put into place by the local government units (LGUs) of Metro Manila. During the second day of the implementation of

3920-423: The Philippines , although there were also several documented cases of violations of ECQ regulations. Authorities then pushed for stricter enforcement, which in turn raised concerns of human rights violations. Following the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) which started in Wuhan , Hubei , China , the Philippine government confirmed the country's first case of the disease on January 30, 2020, when

4018-508: The Philippines can go through Cebu but they must go undergo quarantine procedures. However, this was changed when Department of Foreign Affairs (DFA) Secretary Teodoro Locsin Jr . announced on March 19 the suspension of visas and visa-free privileges of foreigners. Although, DFA clarified on March 20 that there are exceptions. Foreigners who are in the Philippines already or whose visas issued by other government agencies can stay until they depart from

Enhanced community quarantine in Luzon - Misplaced Pages Continue

4116-539: The Philippines through Luzon were only limited to Overseas Filipino Workers and foreigners; and they must be escorted by only one person. On the other hand, only Filipino citizens and diplomats with visas issued by the government of the Philippines were the ones who have permission to enter the Philippines through international airports in Luzon provided that they undergo quarantine procedures. International travelers in transit were also allowed to enter but subject to quarantine procedures too. Foreigners who wish to come to

4214-470: The Philippines. In addition, visas are still valid for foreigners who have Filipino spouses or foreigners who have Filipino parents. Cargo forwarders, farmers, and other food producers are not covered by the travel prohibition but they must go through quarantine checkpoints. Those who are guarding or securing an establishment are only permitted to work and travel within the area of their responsibility. Media practitioners with their vehicles are allowed to go to

4312-462: The President is 50/50 on deciding the lifting of the ECQ that is expiring on April 30. Duterte was set to decide on the fate of the Luzon ECQ on April 23 but Roque later said that Duterte will make a public address about the Luzon ECQ on April 24. He previously met with health policy experts to help him decide on the matter. According to Senator Bong Go , who was also present during the meeting, said that

4410-412: The President is set to decide on the matter between April 12 and 14. On a televised broadcast on April 6, Duterte said that he is considering to lengthen the Luzon ECQ up to the end of April 2020. On April 7, Cabinet Secretary Nograles said that Duterte accepted the recommendation of the IATF-EID to extend the Luzon ECQ to April 30. He further said that the "extension of the ECQ shall be without prejudice to

4508-518: The President to "immediately mobilize assistance in the provision of basic necessities to families and individuals affected by the community quarantine, especially indigents and their families." Low-income families of about 18 million affected by the implementation of the Luzon ECQ and other areas affected the COVID-19 are set to receive Php 5,000 to Php 8,000 subsidy a month for two months. Stay-at-home order Similar measures have been used around

4606-466: The President to execute necessary powers for handling the COVID-19 national emergency. The House of the Representatives convened on March 23 and approved House Bill No. 6616, also known as the "We Heal as One Act of 2020," which took them fourteen hours to pass it. The Philippine Senate passed Senate Bill 1418, a counterpart measure also known as " Bayanihan to Heal as One Act ." President Duterte signed

4704-559: The United States and Canada, the term lockdown has been widely used in emergency preparedness. A lockdown procedure requires immediate actions in hiding and locking all doors. Additional actions may be taken such as turning off lights and staying away from windows. Students in all grade levels around the country participate in lockdown drills on a regular basis. The word lockdown can also be associated with martial law to mean that people cannot leave their homes. In an attempt to avoid confusion, Mayor Lori Lightfoot of Chicago made

4802-596: The Visayas) would be under modified ECQ or MECQ from May 16 to 31 because these places are determined as high-risk for COVID-19 while areas that are moderate risk would be under GCQ. It was originally announced by the government that low-risk areas would neither be under ECQ nor GCQ but they made the statement in error and made it clear that low-risk areas would be under modified GCQ. Those regions in Luzon that would be under GCQ include Cagayan Valley , Central Luzon, Calabarzon except Laguna and Cordillera Administrative Region . On

4900-614: The actions taken by these governments. As the lockdowns were expanded to other countries, there was a shift in the definitions. Measures are less restrictive and other terms emerged in attempts to differentiate from the most restrictive measure in China. When the authorities in San Francisco Bay Area in the United States issued an order in March 2020 for residents to stay home to control

4998-472: The combined bills on March 24, putting it into law as Republic Act 11469, having the same short name as the Senate bill. The law, which follows World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines in combating the spread of COVID-19 throughout the country, gives the President thirty special powers that will last for three months unless modified by Congress. In relation to the community quarantine, Republic Act 11469 grants

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5096-507: The discretion of the President to relax the implementation of the ECQ in some local jurisdictions, or the granting of exemptions in favor of certain sectors, as public health considerations and food security may warrant." He also said that there is no need to expand the ECQ to the Visayas and Mindanao . According to the April 20 statement of the newly installed Presidential spokesperson Harry Roque ,

5194-476: The end of the day is an example of a "lockdown period" in a corrections schedule. However a "full lockdown" is used when all prisoners are locked in their cells to prevent prison riots or unrest from spreading or during an emergency. In US guidelines, occasions for preventing entry into a hospital may include: power failure , earthquake , flooding , fire , bomb threat , hostage crisis and active shooter . Occasions for preventing both entry and exit from

5292-405: The entire Philippines under state of public health emergency because of the COVID-19 threat that is looming in the nation. On the next day, March 9, Congressman Joey Salceda of the 2nd district of the province of Albay recommended a lockdown of the entire National Capital Region (NCR) for a period of seven days, in response to the COVID-19 threat. Some of Salceda's proposals for implementing

5390-450: The first Filipino in the Philippines confirmed to be infected with COVID-19 who is also the fourth case while the fifth case is the first case of local transmission since the infected person did not travel outside the Philippines. The sixth case that was confirmed on March 7 is the wife of the fifth case. In the following days, the number of cases steadily increased. On March 8, 2020, President Rodrigo Duterte signed Proclamation 922 placing

5488-406: The flexibility to implement a more limited lockdown while teaching in school continues, thus eliminating need for complete emergency lockdown, disruption and delays in resumption of teaching, etc. The consequences of not having procedures to implement such lockdowns is that the situation might quickly escalate where there could be loss of human lives. Emergency lockdowns are implemented when there

5586-410: The following day, the IATF-EID approved and adopted operational guidelines for the Luzon ECQ. On March 18, Medialdea issued another memorandum about additional guidelines for the Luzon ECQ affirming the rules set by the IATF. On March 25, the IATF-EID revealed a National Action Plan (NAP) to slow down the spreading of COVID-19. The NAP was created to effectively and efficiently implement and decentralize

5684-523: The foreign spouse and children are traveling with the Filipino national), foreign government and international organization officials accredited to the Philippines." The Bureau of Immigration followed suit and applied the restrictions set by the DFA. President Duterte issued Proclamation No. 933 on March 21, calling the Philippine Congress to convene a special session to make a law that will authorize

5782-535: The freedom on the implementation of community quarantines or lockdowns in their jurisdiction but using the guidelines by the IATF-EID. The Department of Interior and Local Government (DILG) also said that the LGUs in the Visayas and Mindanao have the flexibility in evaluating their lockdown with the help of the DOH. Here are the several community quarantines outside Luzon: Under the Luzon ECQ setup, mass gatherings are completely prohibited and all means of public transport

5880-410: The frontline of health and emergency, and border control. For the private sector, companies are also advised to implement remote work policies. The populace's movement is restricted to their homes and they can only go outside to just buy basic needs such as food, medicines and other things needed for sustenance. Only a single person per household can go outside to buy basic necessities. In particular,

5978-461: The help of the Armed Forces of the Philippines , "to undertake all necessary measures to ensure peace and order in affected areas, as may be necessary." He also ordered the freezing of price of basic goods, emergency medicines and medical supplies through a memorandum. Agencies of the national government and the LGUs are responsible for making sure that prices are controlled. Also on the first day of

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6076-650: The house, the social distancing rules are typically applied. Some examples of essential services are banks, gas stations, grocery stores, medical offices, pharmacies, and restaurants (without dining in). In more restrictive measures in some locations, they require residents to carry paperwork (i.e., appropriate proof of qualifications) in order to go out and perform essential tasks (i.e., supply chain infrastructure, food delivery, healthcare, law enforcement, etc.). Most orders that restrict citizens from leaving their homes grants exceptions to certain persons or for certain situations that are available to all or most members of

6174-400: The implementation of the enhanced community quarantine or ECQ, President Duterte declared the entire Philippines under a state of calamity for a period of six months "unless earlier lifted or extended as circumstances may warrant," in order for the LGUs to act swiftly on emergency circumstances through getting funds fast. In addition, the President called all agencies that enforce the law, with

6272-463: The implementation of their own lockdowns as per the directive by the President on March 16. With the passing of the Bayanihan to Heal as One Act on March 25, LGUs are legally compelled to abide with the guidelines set by the national government for the ECQ but still practicing autonomy for matters not defined by the national government or operating under the parameters that have been set. Here are some of

6370-479: The lifting, extension or expansion of the Luzon ECQ. He further added that science will decide on the matter. The IATF-EID met on April 3 and came up with factors in determining the total or partial lifting, or possible extension or expansion of the Luzon ECQ. The factors include social, economic, security, COVID-19 epidemiological curve trends, and health care system capacity. National Task Force (NTF) COVID-19 chief implementer Secretary Carlito Galvez Jr. said that

6468-407: The limited numbers of people the jurisdiction permits. When such exceptions are allowed, restrictions could be in place regarding the distance one can travel from their home or the hours one can leave home . A 2021 study found that stay-at-home orders caused people to stay home. Numerous stay-at-home orders, curfews , quarantines , and similar restrictions were enforced globally in response to

6566-521: The lockdown include banning mass transportation and stopping the operation of the Philippine expressway network that ply to and from the region, and canceling of classes and work. At first, President Rodrigo Duterte turned down the idea because it would "hamper the flow of basic commodities," although, Health Secretary Francisco Duque III, opined that the lockdown may put into effect in some areas where there are reported community-based transmissions, but not

6664-470: The lockdown lasted for more than two hours. New Westminster Secondary School was locked down in New Westminster , British Columbia at approximately 1:40 p.m. The Emergency Response Team (ERT) was called, and the school was under lockdown until 4:30 p.m. Due to the size of the school some students were not able to leave until 7:00 p.m. On April 19, 2013, the entire city of Boston , US

6762-459: The lockdowns imposed by several LGUs in Luzon: With the issuance of Proclamation No. 922 declaring the entire Philippines under state of public health emergency, all LGUs in the Philippines, including the other two island groups in the Philippines, namely the Visayas and Mindanao , must undertake measures to cut the COVID-19 threat. According to the IATF-EID, LGUs in the Visayas and Mindanao have

6860-445: The nations of the UK. Lockdown regulations were made as emergency laws, powers passed onto the government by existing public health laws. In the United States, United States constitutional law gives police power to the states. State governments can use this power within their own state. However, there is no clear authority for either the federal government or state governments to impose

6958-550: The number of people on the street to allow police to conduct rescue missions after natural disasters . They may be used in public health emergencies , such as Ebola and COVID-19, to prevent air-borne diseases from spreading and they may be used as counterinsurgency measures to prevent local populations mixing with insurgents so that governments can conduct military missions against the insurgents. They may also be used in police emergencies , as in school shootings or hostage situations. Lockdowns can limit movements or activities in

7056-584: The other hand, Luzon regions under modified GCQ would be Ilocos Region , Bicol Region and Mimaropa . On May 15, the IATF-EID made a resolution declaring additional places under MECQ from May 16 to 31 and those places are Bataan , Bulacan , Nueva Ecija , Pampanga including Angeles City and Zambales . On June 1, 2020, Metro Manila exited MECQ and transitioned to GCQ as previously announced by President Duterte on May 28, 2020. Other areas in Luzon, namely, Cagayan Valley , Central Luzon, Calabarzon, Albay, and Pangasinan were also placed under GCQ on June 1, while

7154-557: The other hand, beginning May 1, low-risk to moderate-risk areas will be placed under general community quarantine, where implementation is less strict than the ECQ. The mayors of Metro Manila proposed three options the IATF-EID may take on May 15: extend the ECQ until May 30, downgrade the quarantine measures to GCQ, or allow the localities of Metro Manila to be placed under a modified GCQ where mayors could place certain barangays under lockdown as necessary. On May 12, Duterte declared that only Metro Manila and Laguna in Luzon, (and Cebu City in

7252-401: The outbreak of COVID-19 via the 2020 Hubei lockdowns . When Italian authorities imposed a strict quarantine order in the northern part of the country, the media also used the term lockdown, which was used for Spain and France , as well as other countries around the world. Although it is not a technical term in public health or laws, the media continued to use lockdown to describe

7350-551: The outbreak of COVID-19, they called it a shelter-in-place order . People were not familiar with it as the term shelter in place had been used in other emergency situations such as an active shooter which would require seeking a safe place to hide within the same building that the person already occupies until the situation is resolved. This caused confusion to the residents under the order on what exactly they are supposed to do. When Governor of California Gavin Newsom announced

7448-520: The pandemic was implemented in Wuhan on January 23, 2020. By early April 2020, 3.9 billion people worldwide were under some form of lockdown—more than half the world's population . By late April, around 300 million people were under lockdown in European countries, while around 200 million people were under lockdown in Latin America. Nearly 300 million people, or about 90 per cent of

7546-551: The population, were under some form of lockdown in the United States, and 1.3 billion people have been under lockdown in India . The lockdown in the Philippines started on 14 March 2020 and is one of the longest and strictest lockdowns with varying levels of community quarantine being imposed on all major islands and cities. Similarly the lockdown in South Africa started on 27 March 2020 and progressed through various levels. It

7644-496: The population. Some of the exceptions that allow citizens to leave their homes include work, often limited to essential jobs, grocery shopping, certain types of errands, medical care, or dog walking. Some places have allowed leaving home for certain types of outdoor exercise and recreation and gatherings with limited numbers of people. Some places allow departure from one’s home for any reason provided one does not establish close contact with others from outside their household or beyond

7742-624: The quarantine area as long as they get a media pass from the Presidential Communications Operations Office . From May 1 to 15, the ECQ in Luzon became limited only to Metro Manila, Central Luzon, Calabarzon (except Aurora province) and other areas deemed as high-risk for COVID-19. It followed the usual ECQ rules as stated in Executive Order 112 by President Duterte. The rest of Luzon was proclaimed to be under "general community quarantine" or GCQ where implementation of

7840-537: The quarantine is less strict. Under GCQ, low-risk industries can let their employees work in phases as well as priority and vital projects in construction may continue with the guidance of the Department of Public Works and Highways . The populace can go outside their houses only to buy basic necessities as LGUs enforce night curfew to persons who are not workers. In addition, Mall stores or shopping centers under GCQ areas that are categorized as "non-leisure" can open to

7938-497: The re-imposition of the ECQ status in Tabuk. The MECQ was also imposed in the municipalities of Rizal , Lubuagan , Tanudan and Balbalan . Two more municipalities were placed in GCQ status, while only Pinukpuk remained in MGCQ status. However, Pinukpuk was also included in areas under GCQ as the status was reimposed for the entire Cordillera Administrative Region on January 29. This is due to

8036-426: The recommendation of the IATF to place some provinces under ECQ and MECQ. Laguna was placed under ECQ from August 6 to 15. Lucena and the provinces of Cavite and Rizal were placed under modified enhanced community quarantine (MECQ). Batangas and Quezon , on the other hand, will be under general community quarantine (GCQ) with heightened restrictions from August 6 to 15. On August 7, President Duterte approved

8134-461: The region. On October 14, Batanes extended its MECQ status until October 31. Other provinces under MECQ until October 31 were Apayao, Bataan, Bulacan, and Kalinga. Naga City was also placed under MECQ. On October 29, Mountain Province and Catanduanes are placed under MECQ. Bataan and Bulacan joined the rest of Central Luzon in adopting the Alert Level System on November 1, effectively lifting

8232-492: The rest of the country were placed under modified GCQ or MGCQ. On August 2, the IATF-EID went on a meeting to discuss the petition of medical front liners to reimpose an ECQ in Metro Manila. The meeting later made a decision to revert Metro Manila, Bulacan, Cavite, Laguna, and Rizal back to MECQ again from August 4 until August 18. On January 22, Kalinga Governor Ferdinand Tubban and Tabuk Mayor Darwin Estrañero requested for

8330-418: The rest of the region. On March 29, the IATF-EID reimposed the ECQ in the Greater Manila Area due to a surge in COVID-19 cases in the area. It was originally set to expire on April 4, however, on April 3, it was extended for another week. On April 11, Presidential Spokesperson Harry Roque announced that the quarantine measure in the area would be downgraded to MECQ for the remainder of the month of April; it

8428-474: The safety and security of people, organisation and system. The focus for preventive actions is to avoid dangers and risks arising from the nonconformity to the normal circumstances, but also commonly includes improvements in efficiency. Preventive lockdowns are preemptive lockdowns to mitigate risk. Most organisations plan for the emergency lockdowns but fail to plan for other situations that might quickly degrade to dangerous levels. These protocols must be based on

8526-470: The second day of the ECQ, Senate President Vicente Sotto III spoke to Department of Transportation (DOTr) Secretary Arthur Tugade and proposed the extension of the renewal of expiring licenses of drivers and franchises of public transport due to the inconveniences brought about the implementation of the ECQ. Tugade responded positively and directed the Land Transportation Office (LTO) and

8624-508: The state-wide order for California, superseding the Bay Area's order on March 19, he used the term stay-at-home order instead. Other US states started using the term when they announced their statewide order. In a press conference, Governor of New York Andrew Cuomo criticized anyone using the term shelter-in-place for his stay-at-home order as it would invoke panic due to its association with active shooting situations or nuclear wars . In

8722-598: The system of managing the COVID-19 situation. In addition, the IATF-EID created the COVID-19 National Task Force headed by Department of National Defense Secretary Delfin Lorenzana , which handles the operational command. At the same time, the IATF-EID became the "policy-making body of operations" while the National Incident Command administers the daily concerns and operations. On the first day of

8820-430: The type of threat, and should be kept simple and short for quick learning and implementation, and flexible enough to handle several scenarios. This allows administrators more options to choose from which are easier to use in various scenarios. For example, in case of a loud scene by a parent or an unarmed petty thief being chased by the police through the school playground, this flexible procedure allows school administrators

8918-429: The virus that causes COVID-19. On March 9, 2020, President Duterte called the IATF-EID amidst the rising cases of COVID-19 in the Philippines. Executive Secretary Medialdea issued a memorandum on March 16 regarding the implementation of the enhanced community quarantine of the entire Luzon addressing the heads of government agencies, offices and similar institutions as well as state universities and colleges and LGUs. On

9016-402: The virus was detected in a Chinese national who traveled from Wuhan, China and Hong Kong . The second case was confirmed on February 2, the patient being the first death outside mainland China was also Chinese. Three days later, on February 5, another Chinese national was confirmed to be the third case in the Philippines. After a month, on March 5, the Department of Health (DOH) announced that

9114-463: The whole NCR. On March 12, President Duterte announced the "community quarantine" of Metro Manila that would start at 12 midnight on March 15 up to April 14 that covers 16 cities and one municipality . Traveling through land, domestic air, and domestic sea from Metro Manila was suspended but with exceptions. For international travel, restrictions are imposed on those who came from countries with localized COVID-19 transmissions, except for citizens of

9212-513: The world's student population. The 2020 Singapore circuit breaker measures is an example of a lockdown due to COVID-19. On 12 June 2020, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention reported that 79.5% of US adults surveyed during May 5–12 supported stay-at-home orders and nonessential business closures as government-mandated COVID-19 mitigation strategies. Lockdown A lockdown ( / ˈ l ɒ k ˌ d aʊ n / )

9310-430: The world, and, both officially and colloquially, different names have been used to refer to them, often only very loosely linked to the term's actual medical meaning. Examples include confinement , (self-) isolation , ( self-) quarantine , lockdown or ‘strict social distancing measures’. Stay-at-home orders have colloquially (and sometimes officially) been referred to as quarantine or lockdown – but some officials have

9408-450: Was also under MECQ. On July 30, the government ordered to place Metro Manila under general community quarantine (GCQ) with heightened and additional restrictions from July 30 until August 5 followed by the enhanced community quarantine (ECQ) from August 6 to 20 due to rising cases of SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant which was first detected in India . On August 5, President Rodrigo Duterte approved

9506-408: Was later extended up to May 14. On May 13, Roque announced that the quarantine measure in the Greater Manila Area , Abra , Quirino and Santiago was downgraded to GCQ from May 15 to 31. For the period between June 1 to 15, MECQ is raised in the provinces of Apayao , Cagayan and Ifugao , and in the cities of Santiago and Puerto Princesa . The province of Benguet with the exception of Baguio

9604-495: Was locked down and all public transportation stopped during the manhunt for terrorists Dzhokhar and Tamerlan Tsarnaev, the perpetrators of the Boston Marathon bombing , while the town of Watertown was under heavily armed police and SWAT surveillance, and systematic house-to-house searches were carried out. In Belgium, its capital Brussels was locked down in 2015 for days while security services sought suspects involved with

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