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42-552: The inhabitants are known as Lorenzanesi . Economic activity is agricultural primarily based on cereals, wine and olives. From the earliest records the village was managed under the jurisdiction of the Archbishop of Pisa . In 1406 when the Republic of Pisa collapsed, the village fell under the Republic of Florence. In 1783 control passed to Pietro Leopoldo of Lorena and this persisted until

84-578: A committee of three cardinals and a bishop on the question of Corsica. The Genoese had agreed to give money to the Pope and other members of the Curia by 10 November. The Pope was to receive 1,600 silver marks; cardinals and bishops 300 marks; priests and clerics 50 ounces of gold; Cardinal Peter of Porto 303 ounces of gold; Petrus Leonis 100 silver marks, and his sons 55 marks; Leo Frangipane 40 marks; and additional payments to other nobles. The opportune moment to satisfy

126-456: A council of bishops. The number of attendees is not known, but it is said that bishops from Spain, Gascony, England, France, Burgundy, Germany, Hungary, Lombardy, and Tuscany attended. Innocent II excommunicated his rival, Anacletus II, and all his followers. In the council, it was ordered that all clergy who had married should separate from their wives. It ordered all simoniacs to leave their offices. It ordered that no one should be an archdeacon or

168-571: A dean who was not ordained a deacon or priest. Such honors should not be granted to adolescents. It granted the right of asylum to churches and cemeteries. At the instigation of the German Emperor Frederick Barbarossa , a double election took place in St. Peter's Basilica in Rome on 7 September 1159, a considerable majority of cardinals supporting Pope Alexander III (Orlando Bandinelli), and

210-628: A diocesan synod in Pisa in 1615 (1616, Pisan style). Synods were also held by: Archbishop Giuliano de' Medici (1620–1635) in 1624 [1625, Pisan]; Archbishop Scipione Pannocchieschi (1636–1663) on 20–21 June 1639 and again in 1649 [1650, Pisan], and another in 1659; and Archbishop Francesco Pannocchieschi (1663–1702) on 11–12 May 1666, and again in 1677 [1678, Pisan]. Archbishop Francesco Frosini (1702–1733) held three diocesan synods: on 6–8 July 1707 [1708, Pisan); on 30–31 July 1716 [1717, Pisan]; and on 31 July 1725 [1726, Pisan]. A special assembly ( conventus )

252-554: A papal subdeacon (August 1088) and cardinal deacon of Santa Maria in Cosmedin (probably on 23 September 1088). As chancellor of the Holy Roman Church from 1089 to 1118, he drastically reformed the papal administration, establishing a permanent staff of clerks for the papacy, overcoming the previous custom of relying on Roman notaries to write papal documents, and introducing the minuscule curial script. His tenure also established

294-533: A platform erected in the square before the cathedral of Pisa. In 1511, at the instigation of King Louis XII of France, a meeting was held in Pisa, summoned by four cardinals led by Bernardino Carvajal, which called itself a general council. Others called it the conciliabulum Pisanum . Only two archbishops, fourteen bishops, and a number of French abbots attended. The "little council" held its first session on 5 November 1511. It attempted to take measures to depose Pope Julius II . The people of Pisa attempted to close

336-513: A small minority supporting Ottaviano of Monticelli, who took the name Victor IV . The archbishop of Pisa, Villano Villani, supported Pope Alexander. In 1164, after the death of Victor, Barbarossa promoted Cardinal Guido of Crema as Paschal III . In 1167 Barbarossa began a fourth war in Italy, and he and his pope Paschal ordered the leaders of Pisa to elect an archbishop to replace the loyal Villano, who had already been sent into exile in 1163 and 1164, and

378-796: Is a Latin Church metropolitan see of the Catholic Church in Pisa , Italy . It was founded in the 4th century and elevated to the dignity of an archdiocese on 21 April 1092 by Pope Urban II . The seat of the bishop is the cathedral of the Assumption in the Piazza del Duomo . The archbishop of Pisa presides over the Ecclesiastical Province of Pisa, which includes the dioceses of Livorno , Massa Carrara-Pontremoli , Pescia , and Volterra . Since 2008

420-600: The Unification of Italy in 1861. The church of Bartholomew the Apostle and Saint Christopher dates back to 1850, when it was rebuilt in neoclassical forms after being demolished by the earthquake of 14 August 1846, which caused destruction throughout the area. One of the main buildings in the village is Villa Giuli, also known as the Villa or Palazzo di Lorenzana. The villa is mentioned in 1521, but its main development took place in

462-538: The archbishop of Pisa has been Giovanni Paolo Benotto . In a letter of 1 September 1077, Pope Gregory VII wrote to the bishops, clergy, civil leaders, and people of Corsica, acknowledging his responsibility for oversight of their well-being as part of the lands of S. Peter, but admitting that he was unable to do so personally and effectively. He had therefore appointed Bishop-elect Landulfus of Pisa to be his legate in Corsica. On 30 November 1078, Pope Gregory confirmed all

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504-424: The 18th century by Ferdinando Giuli and then in second half of the 19th century with Domenico Giuli. Excluding the cellars it has an area of 1,800 square metres (19,000 sq ft). It is elongated, following the ridge on which it rests, and is supported by imposing brick buttresses that exceed a height of 20 metres (66 ft). In addition to the park with secular trees, the villa is surrounded by two gardens: to

546-711: The Genoans came when Callixtus II convened the First Lateran Council on 27 March 1123, to ratify the Concordat of Worms and end the schism instigated by the Emperor Henry V . The Pope appointed a committee, consisting of 24 bishops and other prelates, led by Archbishop Gualterius of Ravenna (a personal enemy of the Archbishop of Pisa), to examine and render a judgment on the claims of the Church of Pisa over Corsica. On 6 April,

588-449: The Pisans had been despoiled sine praecedente ipsorum Pisanorum culpa et absque iudicio ('without any preceding crime on the part of the Pisans and without a judicial hearing'). In 1127, Archbishop Ruggero, who had leagued himself with Arezzo and Florence, made war against Siena. He was taken prisoner, and spent more than a year in captivity. On March 1133, Pope Innocent elevated Genoa to

630-474: The Roman church in the face of the schism against Pope Gregory VII. Pope Gelasius II , who was staying in Pisa from 2 September to 2 October 1118, confirmed the arrangements in a bull of 26 September 1118. After the death of Pope Gelasius at Cluny on 29 January 1119, Archbishop Petrus and Cardinal Petrus della Gherardesca dei Conti di Donoratico, a native of Pisa and papal legate, crossed to Corsica to receive to obtain

672-530: The bull "Ubi Primum", made Pescia a suffragan of (subordinate to) the archbishop of Pisa. The diocese of Livorno was created by Pope Pius VII in the bull "Militantis Ecclesiae" of 25 September 1806, at the urging of Queen Maria Luisa , Regent of Tuscany. The erection was opposed both by the Archdiocese of Pisa and the Canons of San Miniato, who would lose territory, power, and income from the change. The new diocese

714-476: The canonical ten days after the decease of a pope to begin their conclave, even though no pope had died. Twenty-three cardinals entered conclave, which was held in the archbishop's palace in the cathedral close, on 15 June 1411; they were joined by a twenty-fourth on 16 June. On 26 June, they elected unanimously the Cardinal of Milan, Pietro Filargi, OFM, who took the name Alexander V . He was crowned on 7 July 1411, on

756-472: The cardinals fled from Lucca, and sought refuge in Pisa. On 29 June 1408, thirteen cardinals (who held the proxies of two more cardinals) met at Livorno, in the diocese of Pisa, and issued a statement calling for a general council of the Church to address and end the schism. Their document was later subscribed by four additional cardinals. The Council of Pisa held its first session in the cathedral in Pisa on 25 March 1409. Archbishop Alamanno Adimari (1406–1411)

798-450: The condition of an annual payment of 50 pounds (Luccan) to the papal treasury. On 21 April 1092, Pope Urban issued the bull "Cum Universis", in which he created the metropolitanate of Pisa, promoting the bishop to the rank of archbishop, and assigning the bishoprics of Corsica as his suffragans. This he did at the request of Countess Matilda of Tuscany and in consideration of the considerable merits of Bishop Dagibert in remaining faithful to

840-446: The dioceses of Ajaccio, Aleria, and Salona. Pisa was compensated, to a small degree, by being named Metropolitan of Populonia (Massa Maritima). These grants, which had been made to Archbishop Hubertus, were confirmed in the bull "Tunc Apostolicae" on 22 April 1138, and in addition Innocent II granted Pisa the honorary primacy of the province of Turritana. He also confirmed the legateship over Sardinia which had been granted by Urban II, and

882-405: The dioceses of Soano, Chiusi, Massa Marittima (Populonia), and Grosseto. Massa was taken from the metropolitanate of Pisa. From 30 May 1135 to 6 June 1135, Innocent II held a council in Pisa, having been driven from Rome a second time by the supporters of Pope Anacletus II . In Pisa, with the encouragement of Bernard of Clairvaux , who was travelling with him and supporting his cause, he summoned

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924-546: The doors of the cathedral against the meeting, and their hostility, after three sessions, drove the bishops to adjourn their sessions to Milan, where they met on 13 December. The cathedral of Pisa, begun in 1063 and consecrated by Pope Gelasius II in 1118, was dedicated originally to the Virgin as S. Maria (Maggiore), and then more specifically to the taking of the body of the Virgin Mary up into heaven (Assumption). The cathedral

966-532: The east the one called "delle Rose", to the west the hanging garden called "della Palma". After the defeat of Pisa, Lorenzana castle was destroyed by the Florentines in the 15th century. In the early 1700s, Abbot Marchetti built a mill there. The Lorenzani palace was owned by a noble Pisan family who, almost certainly, gave the town its name. After the Lorenzani, the property passed into the hands of Count Serughi and

1008-460: The last day of the council, the claims of Pisa were rejected by the Fathers, after the damning report of Archbishop Gualterius. The loss was temporary, however, for, on 21 July 1126, the new pope, Honorius II , restored the privilege, and granted the archbishops the right of holding synods not only in Pisa, but also in Corsica. He took the trouble to rebuke Callixtus II and his committee, stating that

1050-462: The new pope, Callixtus II , who had been elected at Cluny in France and had just returned to Italy, issued a bull confirming the privileges of Urban II and Gelasius II. But on 3 January 1121, Pope Callixtus wrote to the bishops of Corsica that the privilege of consecrating bishops for Corsica, which had been granted to the archbishops of Pisa, was withdrawn, and that in the future only the pope would have

1092-477: The oaths of fealty of the bishops of Corsica. Pope Gelasius' bull was an unpleasant shock for Genoa, who coveted the island of Corsica, and a war broke out in 1119 between the two naval powers. The Genoese sent out a fleet of 28 galleys, but in a battle at Porto Venere the Pisans were victorious, as they were at a second battle at the mouth of the Arno River. The war lasted a total of fourteen years. On 16 May 1120,

1134-490: The papacy, under duress, by Paschal II. He drove Gelasius II from Rome in March 1118, pronounced his election null and void, and set up Maurice Bourdin, Archbishop of Braga, as antipope under the name of Gregory VIII . Gelasius II fled to Gaeta, where he was ordained a priest on 9 March 1118 and on the following day received episcopal consecration. He at once excommunicated Henry V and the antipope and, under Norman protection,

1176-485: The precedent of the papal chancellor always being a cardinal and holding the office for life or until elected pope. Shortly after his unanimous election to succeed Pope Paschal II in 1118, he was seized by Cencio II Frangipane , a partisan of Emperor Henry V , but was freed by a general uprising of the Romans on his behalf. Henry V sought to enforce the privilege of investiture conceded (and later revoked in 1112) by

1218-412: The privileges that belonged to the Church of Pisa, as well as the legateship of Corsica. He granted the bishop half of all the papal income from the island, as well as all of the judicial income ( de placitis ). On 28 June 1091, Pope Urban II , at the request of Countess Matilda of Tuscany , Bishop Dagobert, and the nobility of Pisa, returned the legateship of the island of Corsica to Bishop Dagobert, on

1260-474: The right to consecrate bishops for Corsica and to receive their oaths of submission. The Genoese were not mollified by his action. They resorted to bribery to obtain what they had not obtained by military force. A document, written in Rome and dated 16 June 1121, reveals that negotiations had been taking place, with the agreement and authorization of Pope Callixtus, between the Genoese agents, Caffaro and Barisone, and

1302-508: The right to consecrate the six bishops in his ecclesiastical province. From the late 12th to the early 13th century, the Pisan archdiocese was the feudal suzerain of the four giudicati of Sardinia . On 6 March 1131, Gonnario of Torres swore fealty to Archbishop Ruggero of Pisa. On 22 April 1459, Pope Pius II issued the bull "Triumphans Pastor", in which he raised the diocese of Siena to metropolitan status, and assigned to it as suffragans

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1344-482: The status of an archbishopric, and assigned it metropolitan status over Mariana, Nebbio, and Accia (on Corsica); Bobbio, and Brugnato (newly created), to which was added the diocese of Albenga, formerly in the Metropolitanate of Milan. The Pope also enfeoffed Genoa with the northern half of the island. The archdiocese of Pisa therefore lost ecclesiastical control of the northern half of the island of Corsica, retaining

1386-592: The struggles of the Western Schism , which had been tormenting Christendom for thirty years. Gregory XII , who had been driven from Rome on 9 August 1407, was staying in Lucca, where, in May 1408, he created several new cardinals. He did this in violation of two solemn oaths he had taken, and without consulting the cardinals. When they objected and refused to attend the installation ceremonies, Gregory ordered them arrested. One by one

1428-597: Was able to return to Rome in July. But the disturbances of the imperialist party, especially those of the Frangipani , who attacked the Pope while celebrating Mass in the church of St. Prassede , compelled Gelasius II to go once more into exile. He set out for France, consecrating the cathedral of Pisa on the way, and arrived at Marseille in October. He was received with great enthusiasm at Avignon , Montpellier and other cities, held

1470-449: Was again in flight from imperial agents. On 8 April 1167, the leaders of Pisa, who were loyal to the Emperor, chose a Canon of the cathedral, Benencasa, and he and the Pisans travelled to Viterbo, where the antipope ordained him a priest on Holy Saturday and consecrated him a bishop on Easter Monday. They returned to Pisa on 23 May 1167. In the spring of 1408, Pisa became directly involved in

1512-402: Was held in Pisa from 5–12 May 1850, summoned by Archbishop Giovanni Battista Parretti (1839–1851), and including his suffragan bishops (Pontremoli, Massa Maritima, Livorno), and, at his invitation, the archbishop of Lucca, the bishop of Pescia, and the vicar capitular of Volterra (which were immediately subject to the pope). Delegates of the various cathedral chapters were also invited. The meeting

1554-546: Was made a suffragan of the archbishop of Pisa. 43°43′24″N 10°23′43″E  /  43.7233°N 10.3954°E  / 43.7233; 10.3954 Pope Gelasius II Pope Gelasius II (c. 1060/1064 – 29 January 1119), born Giovanni Caetani or Giovanni da Gaeta (also called Coniulo ), was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 24 January 1118 to his death in 1119. A monk of Monte Cassino and chancellor of Pope Paschal II , Caetani

1596-611: Was occasioned by the revolution in Rome, which had deposed Pope Pius IX from his position as head of the Papal States and seen him flee from the city in disguise to a refuge in Neapolitan territory. The meeting was, in fact, sanctioned by Pope Pius. In a bull of 17 March 1726, Pescia was established as a diocese by Pope Benedict XIII , and was for a long time immediately subject to the Holy See (Papacy). On 1 August 1856, Pope Pius IX , in

1638-530: Was present. Both Gregory and Benedict XIII were deposed and excommunicated on 5 June 1409, having failed to answer repeated summonses from the council to answer the charges against them. Due to the deposition of both popes, a new pope was required. In examining the possibility of intervention or participation in the selection, the Council decided to leave the cardinals to their canonical duty in order to avoid any possible complaint. The cardinals in Pisa decided to wait

1680-779: Was staffed and administered by a corporate body called the Chapter ( Capitulum) , which was originally composed of five dignities and (at one point) twenty-eight Canons. The dignities were: the Archpriest, the Archdeacon, the Dean, the Primicerius, and the Vicedominus. In 1702, there were only three dignities and twenty-five Canons. Archbishop Matteo Rinuccini (1577–1582) presided over a diocesan synod in 1582. Archbishop Francesco Bonciani, (1613–1620) held

1722-606: Was subsequently divided into two parts: the left portion of the gate was bought by Count Passerini (now owned by the Sforni family); the portion on the right of the gate was purchased by the Counts Schiavini-Cassi and, subsequently, also took the name "Schiavini-Cassi-Scotti" (now this portion is divided among several owners). Demography of the former comune of Lorenzana, abolished in 2014. Archbishop of Pisa The Archdiocese of Pisa ( Latin : Archidioecesis Pisana )

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1764-523: Was unanimously elected to succeed him. In doing so, he also inherited the conflict with Emperor Henry V over investiture. Gelasius spent a good part of his brief papacy in exile. He was born between 1060 and 1064 at Gaeta into the Pisan branch of the Caetani family, and he became a monk of Monte Cassino . Pope Urban II , who wished to improve the style of papal documents, brought him to Rome and made Caetani

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