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73-543: COVID-19 community quarantines in the Philippines were a series of stay-at-home orders and cordon sanitaire measures that were implemented by the government of the Philippines through its Inter-Agency Task Force for the Management of Emerging Infectious Diseases (IATF-EID). As of November 2021, under the original classification system that was enacted in 2020, there were four main quarantine tiers. In Metro Manila there

146-559: A "community quarantine". Several LGUs has used the term "hard lockdown," which is an area under disease monitoring and mass testing for the virus. In May 2020, additional terms were coined by the government to categorize the community quarantine according to its risk assessment and those new terms are "modified enhanced community quarantine," "modified general community quarantine" and "new normal." A "total lockdown" measure, distinct from an ECQ, has been considered, which would prohibit people from leaving their places of residence and mandate

219-415: A city/municipality-wide quarantine should be implemented if there are at least two COVID-19 cases confirmed within different barangays in the same city or municipality. Upon declaration of a disaster, local government units were also authorized to make use of their quick response funds under the aegis of a state of emergency . Local government units have been placed under enhanced community quarantine by

292-533: A comment about the stay-at-home order of Illinois by trying to differentiate it from a lockdown or a martial law. When states and counties across the United States issued an order to have residents remain home, they either called it a shelter-in-place order or stay-at-home order. It has been clarified that these orders are not lockdowns because residents are allowed to go in and out of their homes in limited circumstances. Some jurisdictions have determined that there

365-593: A concern that the word lockdown may send a wrong message for people to incorrectly think that it includes door-to-door searching for infected people to be forced into quarantines similar to the Hubei lockdown . The term lockdown was used by the media and the World Health Organization (WHO) to describe the action taken in January 2020 by the government of China to restrict movements of people in order to control

438-527: A general community quarantine in the rest of the country, also overriding existing quarantine measures by local government units, starting May 1. In March 2021, the government introduced a new designation known as NCR Plus, which covers the Greater Manila Area , for the purpose of managing quarantine measures. This area covers Metro Manila , also known as the National Capital Region (NCR) and

511-474: A lockdown between states. In term of legality of an order, the government must be able to prove that the order advances a "compelling government interest" and the actions are narrow enough to specifically achieve that goal and they are not unnecessarily broad. The scope of lockdowns or stay-at-home orders can vary. There is no universal definition of what is deemed essential. Some orders allow residents to come out for outdoor activities. When residents come out of

584-639: A single affected house. The granular lockdown strategy took a more prominent role when the alert level system (ALS) was introduced in September 2021 to mitigate the economic impact of the pandemic. The enhanced community quarantine in Luzon covers the island of Luzon and its outlying islands, or eight out of seventeen regions of the Philippines. An indefinite enhanced community quarantine, was imposed in Caraga , alternatively known as One Shield Caraga, started on April 7, and in

657-556: Is a legal or practical distinction between the terms "stay-at-home" and "shelter-in-place". In Melbourne and Sydney, the term iso , shortened from self-isolation , is often colloquially used to refer to stay-at-home orders. The House of Commons laws which restricted movement and gathering during the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom were known as "lockdown laws". As health is mostly devolved, lockdown laws can differ between

730-537: Is equivalent to a total or complete lockdown in terms of security. Barangay governments can issue quarantine passes allowing residents to buy essential goods outside curfew hours and within the issuing barangays' jurisdiction. The Bayanihan to Heal as One Act which was effective in 2020 also provides measures related to the ECQ, such as: When ECQ was reintroduced in March 2021 in the Greater Manila Area (or NCR Plus as designated by

803-687: Is more lenient than an ECQ but stricter than a GCQ. Cebu City and Mandaue were placed under ECQ while the rest of the country was placed under GCQ. The measure became effective on May 16 with quarantine measures to be reassessed on May 31. The IATF-EID issued Resolution No. 41 to override prevailing quarantine measures in the country starting June 1. Measures in Metro Manila, Central Luzon and Central Visayas regions transitioned to general community quarantine (GCQ). GCQ remained in Cagayan Valley, Pangasinan (except Dagupan ), Zamboanga City and Davao City, while

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876-454: Is now an alert level system (ALS) which has been introduced in September 2021 and it is already in place. As of November 2021, all regions of the country have been covered by the ALS system, which has become the national standard. In the original classification system, the strictest community quarantines is the "enhanced community quarantine" (ECQ), which effectively is a total lockdown . According to

949-487: Is our duty, in serving the public, to extend basic healthcare protection to all our people. That is why we pushed for the augmentation of the PhilHealth’s budget so that in 2017, we achieve universal healthcare coverage,” she said. Legarda said universal healthcare coverage means that any non-member of PhilHealth will automatically be made a member upon availing healthcare service in a public hospital. In early January 2020,

1022-492: Is possible that a lockdown could be implemented on certain cities or towns, rather than an entire region, as a precaution. On March 12, Duterte announced a partial lockdown covering Metro Manila , that began on March 15. At one point during Duterte's pronouncement about the Metro Manila "community quarantine," he said that "they are afraid to call it a lockdown, but it is a lockdown." This statement left many confused. His cabinet secretary , Karlo Nograles, later made it clear that

1095-533: Is the executive department of the government of the Philippines responsible for ensuring access to basic public health services by all Filipinos through the provision of quality health care , the regulation of all health services and products. It is the government's over-all technical authority on health. It has its headquarters at the San Lazaro Compound, along Rizal Avenue in Manila . The current head of

1168-410: The COVID-19 pandemic . Countries and territories around the world have enforced lockdowns of varying degrees. Some include total movement control while others have enforced restrictions based on time. Mostly, only essential businesses are allowed to remain open. Schools, universities and colleges have closed either on a nationwide or local basis in 63 countries, affecting approximately 47 per cent of

1241-625: The Davao Region which took effect on April 4. Provinces that imposed an enhanced community quarantine include Iloilo (March 21), Antique (March 22), Negros Occidental (March 30), Cebu (March 30), and Negros Oriental (April 3). The independent cities of Bacolod (March 30), Iloilo City (March 21), and Cebu City (March 28) also imposed ECQ measures. Enhanced community quarantines (ECQs) were extended in Metro Manila , Central Luzon (excluding Aurora ), and Calabarzon regions as well as in

1314-1431: The Philippine government did respond to the pandemic . It was heavily criticized by DOH Secretary Francisco Duque III . At present, the Department is headed by the Secretary of Health , with ten undersecretaries ( 9 official appointment and 1 OIC status ) and six assistant secretaries ( 5 official appointment and 1 OIC status ) heading the following teams: Executive Committee Secretary of Health DR. TEODORO J. HERBOSA Undersecretaries of Health DR. ABDULLAH B. DUMAMA, JR., MPA, CESO I DR. MARIA ROSARIO S. VERGEIRE, MPH, CESO II MR. ACHILLES GERARD C. BRAVO, CESO II DR. GLENN MATHEW G. BAGGAO, MHA, MSN, FPSMS, FPCHA DR. EMMIE LIZA PEREZ-CHIONG DR. ELMER G. PUNZALAN MS. MA. CAROLINA VIDAL-TAIÑO, CPA, MGM, CESO I DR. KENNETH G. RONQUILLO, MPHM, CESO III DR. MARY ANN PALERMO-MAESTRAL, MBA-HA, FPPS, CHA, FPCHA OIC-Undersecretary of Health DR. GLORIA J. BALBOA, MD, MPH, MHA, CEO VI, CESO III Assistant Secretary of Health DR. ARIEL I. VALENCIA, MPH, CESO III MS. MAYLENE M. BELTRAN, MPA, CESO III ATTY. FRANCES MAE CHERRYL K. ONTALAN ATTY. CHARADE B. MERCADO-GRANDE, MPSA ATTY. PAOLO S. TESTON OIC-Assistant Secretary of Health DR. ALBERT FRANCIS E. DOMINGO, MSC Bureaus and offices The DOH

1387-562: The 1940s, the Bureau of Health was reorganized into the Department of Health and Public Welfare, still under Fabella. During this time, the major priorities of the agency were tuberculosis , malnutrition , malaria , leprosy , gastrointestinal disease, and the high infant mortality rate . When the Japanese occupied the Philippines, they dissolved the National Government and replaced it with

1460-401: The ALS, there are five tiers of alert level, with alert level 1 being the most lenient and alert level 5 being the most strict. As a result of the rapid increase in the number of cases in Metro Manila, Albay 2nd district representative Joey Salceda put forward a week-long lockdown of the region In order to prevent the disease from spreading across the country. Salceda specifically proposed

1533-580: The Americans improved on the sewer system and provided a safer water supply. In 1915, the Bureau of Health was reorganized and renamed into the Philippine Health Service. During the succeeding years leadership and a number of health institutions were already being given to Filipinos, in accordance with the Organic Act of 1916. On January 1, 1919, Dr. Vicente De Jesus became the first Filipino to head

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1606-545: The Bureau of Governmental Laboratories, which was built in 1901 for medical research and vaccine production. The Americans, led by Dean Worcester built the UP College of Medicine and Surgery in 1905, with Johns Hopkins University serving as a blueprint, at the time, one of the best medical schools in the world. By 1909, nursing instruction was also begun at the Philippine Normal School . In terms of public health,

1679-553: The Central Administrative Organization of the Japanese Army . Health was relegated to the Department of Education, Health and Public Welfare under Commissioner Claro M. Recto . In 1944, President Manuel Roxas signed Executive Order (E.O.) No. 94 into law, calling for the creation of the Department of Health. Dr. Antonio C. Villarama as appointed Secretary. A new Bureau of Hospitals and a Bureau of Quarantine

1752-400: The ECQ and GCQ. Additional measures have been imposed under an "extensive enhanced community quarantine" or "extreme enhanced community quarantine" (EECQ). An EECQ is generally stricter than an ECQ. Prior to the imposition of the enhanced community quarantine in Luzon , a more lenient measure, which includes a stay-at-home order and a curfew, was imposed in Metro Manila and was officially called

1825-496: The Health portfolio. In 1933, after a reorganization, the Philippine Health Service reverted to being known as the Bureau of Health. It was during this time that it pursued its official journal, The Health Messenger and established Community Health and Social Centers, precursors to today's Barangay Health Centers. By 1936, as Governor-General Frank Murphy was assuming the post of United States High Commissioner , he would remark that

1898-478: The IATF-EID approved the appeal of Mayor Lani Mercado-Revilla placing the city of Bacoor in the province of Cavite under modified enhanced community quarantine. The IATF-EID issued Resolution No. 37, overriding prior plans, placing Metro Manila, the cities of Angeles and Bacoor, as well as the provinces of Laguna, Bataan, Bulacan, Nueva Ecija, Pampanga, and Zambales under modified enhanced community quarantine, which

1971-695: The IATF-EID); new set of measures were observed. Unlike in 2020, ECQ measures as of 2021 had more lenient restrictions on transportation allowing for operations of public transportation at a limited capacity. However, with the ECQ period in March–April 2021 coinciding with the Holy Week and late release of guidelines of the Department of Transportation , this resulted in the virtual absence of public transportation in some areas. The general community quarantine (GCQ), which

2044-414: The National Capital Region implement a community quarantine if, within a given level of local government, a minimum of two COVID-19 cases have been confirmed within a lower level of government within its jurisdictional area; for example, a province -wide quarantine should be implemented if there are at least two COVID-19 cases confirmed within different cities or municipalities in the same province, while

2117-417: The Philippines confirmed its first case of Novel coronavirus disease . Two months later, the Philippines implemented national lockdowns, mask mandate , and social distancing . In February 2021, COVID-19 vaccines reached the Philippines and began to the administered. The Department of Health was criticized in a 2021 study saying that the Philippines was 2nd to the last in the world in terms by how effective

2190-533: The Philippines led all oriental countries in terms of health status. When the Commonwealth of the Philippines was inaugurated, Dr. Jose F. Fabella was named chief of the Bureau of Health. In 1936, Dr. Fabella reviewed the Bureau of Health's organization and made an inventory of its existing facilities, which consisted of 11 community and social health centers, 38 hospitals, 215 puericulture centers, 374 sanitary divisions, 1,535 dispensaries and 72 laboratories. In

2263-532: The Senate committee on finance said that the proposed ₱3.35-trillion national budget for 2017 will provide healthcare assistance to all Filipinos, and an additional ₱3 billion was allocated to the Philippine Health Insurance Corporation (PhilHealth) to ensure coverage for all Filipinos. “The Department of Health (DOH) said there are some eight million Filipinos still not covered by PhilHealth. It

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2336-559: The United States and Canada, the term lockdown has been widely used in emergency preparedness. A lockdown procedure requires immediate actions in hiding and locking all doors. Additional actions may be taken such as turning off lights and staying away from windows. Students in all grade levels around the country participate in lockdown drills on a regular basis. The word lockdown can also be associated with martial law to mean that people cannot leave their homes. In an attempt to avoid confusion, Mayor Lori Lightfoot of Chicago made

2409-566: The actions taken by these governments. As the lockdowns were expanded to other countries, there was a shift in the definitions. Measures are less restrictive and other terms emerged in attempts to differentiate from the most restrictive measure in China. When the authorities in San Francisco Bay Area in the United States issued an order in March 2020 for residents to stay home to control

2482-492: The adjacent provinces of Bulacan, Cavite, Laguna and Rizal. There are two main types of community quarantine measures in place, the enhanced community quarantine (ECQ) and the general community quarantine (GCQ). It is also important to note that there have been variations of ECQ and GCQ introduced over time, such as the modified enhanced community quarantine (MECQ) and the modified general community quarantine (MGCQ) which are generally less strict than their standard counterparts. As

2555-525: The appeal of 40 medical societies led by the Philippine College of Physicians to place Metro Manila under ECQ again due to rising COVID-19 cases. The meeting later decided to place Metro Manila, Bulacan, Cavite, Laguna, and Rizal back under MECQ from August 4 to 18. The provinces of Batangas , Nueva Ecija , and Quezon in Luzon and Iloilo City in the Visayas were placed under GCQ again on August 16. While

2628-400: The cities of Marawi and Butuan . On May 12, 2020, it was originally announced that community quarantine measures will be lifted in 41 provinces and 11 cities across the country due to their being low risk for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), but were eventually upgraded to modified general community quarantine (MGCQ) after receiving petitions from LGUs starting May 16. On May 15, 2020,

2701-468: The cities of Cebu, Mandaue, Lapu-Lapu, and Talisay, and the municipalities of Minglanilla and Consolacion in the Cebu province remained under GCQ. Zamboanga City was placed under MGCQ. On August 17, on the recommendation of the IATF-EID, President Duterte announced that Metro Manila and its neighboring provinces of Bulacan , Cavite , Laguna , and Rizal will be downgraded to GCQ starting August 19. His speech

2774-467: The city confirms more cases. On July 15, quarantine measures continued to ease as Cebu City shifted to MECQ. Metro Manila remains under GCQ for another two weeks. Other areas under GCQ includes the provinces of Agusan del Norte, Basilan, Cavite, Laguna, Rizal, and Southern Leyte, as well as the cities of Butuan, Lapu-Lapu, Mandaue, Ormoc, and Zamboanga. The rest of the country shifts to MGCQ. Quarantine measures for August 1 to 15 were decided on July 30 and

2847-412: The closure of all public establishments (including Supermarkets and Wet Markets). According to presidential spokesperson Harry Roque , this measure is considered as an option. A "granular lockdown" or "targeted lockdown" can be applied to single barangay, or a portion of it such as a certain road, with a high concentration or clustering of active cases of COVID-19. Granular lockdowns could also cover just

2920-405: The closure of the Philippine expressway network and public transportation accessing the region, in addition to the suspension of classes and work. President Rodrigo Duterte initially rejected the proposal claiming it would "hamper the flow of basic commodities". Health Secretary Francisco Duque , however, raised the possibility that if the reports of community-based transmissions are reported, it

2993-468: The department is Sec. Ted Herbosa . The health secretary is also a member of the Cabinet . Americans assembled a military Board of Health on September 10, 1898, with its formal organization on September 29. Upon its creation, Dr. Frank S. Bourns is assigned as president while Dr. C. L. Mullins is assigned as assistant surgeon. The purpose of this Board of Health was to care for injured American troops but as

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3066-425: The first health minister. On April 13, 1987, the Department of Health was created from the previous Ministry of Health with Dr. Alfredo R. A. Bengzon as secretary of health. On December 17, 2016, Health Secretary Paulyn Jean Rossel-Ubial announced that in 2017 the government will start paying the hospital bills and medicines of poor Filipinos. She said that the Department of Health (DOH) is capable of taking care of

3139-449: The government announces new quarantine status under GCQ: GCQ with some restrictions and GCQ with heightened restrictions . The "New Normal" classification was introduced sometime in May 2020, but was never used since quarantine measures were first imposed. The classification of measures was intended to be a level under MGCQ. It was a proposed that an area needs to be placed under MGCQ prior to

3212-513: The government may change its guidelines from time to time, the exact measures per level may vary, but they are all aimed at ensuring the highest level of security to the public. The ECQ is the most stringent, and the MGCQ is the most lenient. Extreme enhanced community quarantine Localities under an enhanced community quarantine (ECQ) are generally ordered to stay at home , with its residents restricted from traveling to other cities or barangays. The ECQ

3285-572: The hospital bills and medicines of poor Filipinos owing to its bigger budget starting in 2017. A total of ₱96.336 billion was allocated to the DOH in the 2017 national budget, which includes funds for the construction of additional health facilities and drug rehabilitation centers. Ubial said poor patients in government hospitals do not even have to present PhilHealth cards when they avail of assistance. She added that poor patients will no longer be billed by government hospitals. Senator Loren Legarda , chair of

3358-481: The hostilities between Filipinos and Americans waned in 1901, a civilian Board of Health was now deemed appropriate with Dr. L. M. Maus as the first health commissioner. In the early 1900s, 200,222 lives including 66,000 children were lost; three percent of the population was decimated in the worst epidemic in Philippine health history. In view of this, the Americans organized and erected several institutions, including

3431-650: The house, the social distancing rules are typically applied. Some examples of essential services are banks, gas stations, grocery stores, medical offices, pharmacies, and restaurants (without dining in). In more restrictive measures in some locations, they require residents to carry paperwork (i.e., appropriate proof of qualifications) in order to go out and perform essential tasks (i.e., supply chain infrastructure, food delivery, healthcare, law enforcement, etc.). Most orders that restrict citizens from leaving their homes grants exceptions to certain persons or for certain situations that are available to all or most members of

3504-589: The imposition of new normal measures. The use of the classification was deferred in mid-June 2020. As stated in the IATF Omnibus Guidelines on the Implementation of Community Quarantine in the Philippines, areas which are no longer under Community Quarantine will be transitioned to the New Normal. This classification was never used. The COVID-19 alert level system was introduced with pilot implementation of

3577-592: The imposition or extension of ECQ at a municipal or barangay level with the concurrence of their respective regional IATF-EID. The municipality of San Jose remained under ECQ while the rest of Occidental Mindoro downgraded to GCQ. Marinduque and Bacolod also remained under ECQ. Request to extend ECQs in the following areas were rejected by the IATF-EID: the provinces of Camarines Sur , La Union , Mountain Province , Isabela , Lanao del Norte , and Lanao del Sur , and

3650-407: The limited numbers of people the jurisdiction permits. When such exceptions are allowed, restrictions could be in place regarding the distance one can travel from their home or the hours one can leave home . A 2021 study found that stay-at-home orders caused people to stay home. Numerous stay-at-home orders, curfews , quarantines , and similar restrictions were enforced globally in response to

3723-657: The municipality of Catarman in Northern Samar. On April 24, 2020, it was clarified that local government units can no longer impose quarantine measures without the consent of the Inter-Agency Task Force for the Management of Emerging Infectious Diseases (IATF-EID). Prior to that period, localities could impose such measures with coordination with the DILG. Duterte issued Executive Order 112, extending enhanced community quarantine in select localities until May 15 and imposing

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3796-739: The national government in Visayas and Mindanao and relevant field offices of the Department of Health the power to lift or extend the lockdown period in their jurisdiction. The imposition of a "localized lockdown" involving measures at the barangay, situ and/or purok levels instead of removing all ECQs has been suggested as an alternative. On April 6, 2020, the following localities were under enhanced community quarantine: all regions of Luzon , Western Visayas , Caraga Region , Zamboanga Peninsula , Samar , Biliran , Cebu , Negros Oriental , Camiguin , Bukidnon , Sultan Kudarat , Lanao del Sur , Lanao del Norte , Cotabato , South Cotabato , Tawi-Tawi , and

3869-445: The nations of the UK. Lockdown regulations were made as emergency laws, powers passed onto the government by existing public health laws. In the United States, United States constitutional law gives police power to the states. State governments can use this power within their own state. However, there is no clear authority for either the federal government or state governments to impose

3942-401: The outbreak of COVID-19 via the 2020 Hubei lockdowns . When Italian authorities imposed a strict quarantine order in the northern part of the country, the media also used the term lockdown, which was used for Spain and France , as well as other countries around the world. Although it is not a technical term in public health or laws, the media continued to use lockdown to describe

4015-551: The outbreak of COVID-19, they called it a shelter-in-place order . People were not familiar with it as the term shelter in place had been used in other emergency situations such as an active shooter which would require seeking a safe place to hide within the same building that the person already occupies until the situation is resolved. This caused confusion to the residents under the order on what exactly they are supposed to do. When Governor of California Gavin Newsom announced

4088-496: The population. Some of the exceptions that allow citizens to leave their homes include work, often limited to essential jobs, grocery shopping, certain types of errands, medical care, or dog walking. Some places have allowed leaving home for certain types of outdoor exercise and recreation and gatherings with limited numbers of people. Some places allow departure from one’s home for any reason provided one does not establish close contact with others from outside their household or beyond

4161-401: The proper term was "community quarantine" and that the president's comment meant that the event was "like a lockdown". Further to that, Nograles said the term "lockdown" would likely end up leading to different interpretations, while "community quarantine" would be a technical term that medical authorities could give meaning to, which would not cause public panic. When the "community quarantine"

4234-679: The province of South Cotabato was placed under GCQ from September 16 to 30. Iloilo City was placed under MECQ, from September 25 to 30, originally scheduled to end on October 9. Stay-at-home order Similar measures have been used around the world, and, both officially and colloquially, different names have been used to refer to them, often only very loosely linked to the term's actual medical meaning. Examples include confinement , (self-) isolation , ( self-) quarantine , lockdown or ‘strict social distancing measures’. Stay-at-home orders have colloquially (and sometimes officially) been referred to as quarantine or lockdown – but some officials have

4307-411: The provinces of Benguet , Pangasinan , Iloilo , Cebu , and the cities of Bacolod and Davao until May 15 as per President Duterte's Executive Order 112. All other areas were placed under general community quarantine (GCQ) unless otherwise approved by the IATF-EID. Albay and Zamboanga City were also included among local government units placed under ECQ. The IATF-EID allows local government units,

4380-538: The regional offices and directors. One of the priorities of the Marcos administration was health maintenance. From 1975 to the mid-1980s, four specialty hospitals were built in succession. The first three institutions were spearheaded by First Lady Imelda Marcos . The Philippine Heart Center was established on February 14, 1975, with Dr. Avelino Aventura as director. Second, the Philippine Children's Medical Center

4453-514: The rest of Central Visayas, Zamboanga City and Davao City. On June 23, the IATF-EID temporarily removed the "new normal" classification which meant that all areas in the country will still be under varying levels of community quarantine after the June 16–30 measures. The GCQ were either reimposed or extended to the provinces of Benguet, Cavite, Leyte (except Tacloban), Rizal, Southern Leyte , and several parts of Cebu. Only Cebu City remained under ECQ as

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4526-459: The rest of the country was placed under modified general community quarantine (MGCQ). However, Marc Brian Lim, the city mayor of Dagupan, suspended the implementation of GCQ measures in the city to MGCQ as directed by the IATF-EID. This followed Dagupan recording 14 additional COVID-19 cases on May 31, the day prior the city was supposed to transition to MGCQ. Lim appealed to the IATF-EID for the task force to allow his city to remain under GCQ. Due to

4599-508: The state-wide order for California, superseding the Bay Area's order on March 19, he used the term stay-at-home order instead. Other US states started using the term when they announced their statewide order. In a press conference, Governor of New York Andrew Cuomo criticized anyone using the term shelter-in-place for his stay-at-home order as it would invoke panic due to its association with active shooting situations or nuclear wars . In

4672-464: The sudden increase number of community transmissions in the area, the IATF-EID recommended the reimposition of the enhanced community quarantine (ECQ) to Cebu City starting on June 16, the most stringent lockdown-measure tier with the neighboring Talisay being reimposed under the modified enhanced community quarantine (MECQ). Meanwhile, GCQ was extended or reimposed in the areas of Metro Manila, Cagayan Valley, Central Luzon, Calabarzon, Occidental Mindoro,

4745-418: The system in Metro Manila beginning on September 16, 2021. The old quarantine system is still to be used outside Metro Manila pending the nationwide adoption of the ALS. The ALS was introduced to areas outside Metro Manila on October 20, 2021. The nationwide implementation was done in four phases and has been fully implemented since November 22, 2021. There are types of quarantine or lockdown measures aside from

4818-552: The world's student population. The 2020 Singapore circuit breaker measures is an example of a lockdown due to COVID-19. On 12 June 2020, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention reported that 79.5% of US adults surveyed during May 5–12 supported stay-at-home orders and nonessential business closures as government-mandated COVID-19 mitigation strategies. Department of Health (Philippines) The Department of Health ( DOH ; Filipino : Kagawaran ng Kalusugan )

4891-535: Was also extended, while the quarantine measures in Bacolod and Tacloban were upgraded to GCQ. The rest of the country were placed under MGCQ on September 1. Lanao del Sur and the city of Bacolod were also placed under MECQ from September 8 to 30, due to the sudden rise of COVID-19 cases linked to local transmissions within these areas. The cities of Koronadal and General Santos were also placed under GCQ from September 11 to 25 and September 13 to 27, respectively, while

4964-415: Was announced on July 31. Cebu City's MECQ has finally been downgraded to GCQ. Other places that are still under GCQ includes: the Metro Manila, the provinces of Batangas, Bulacan, Cavite, Laguna, and Rizal, the cities of Lapu-Lapu, Mandaue, Talisay, and Zamboanga, and the municipalities of Consolacion and Minglanilla in Cebu. The rest of the country are still under MGCQ. On August 2, the IATF-EID responded to

5037-484: Was applied to Luzon , Presidential Spokesperson Salvador Panelo , said that the Luzon-wide enhanced community quarantine (ECQ) was equivalent to an "absolute lockdown or total lockdown." Secretary Eduardo Año of the Department of Interior and Local Government (DILG) also said that "enhanced community quarantine" should be considered as a "total lockdown." Further, Duterte recommended that local governments outside of

5110-415: Was broadcast from Davao City . On August 21, Catbalogan was placed under ECQ, following Samar Governor Reynolds Michael Tan signed an executive order amid a spike of cases. Tuguegarao was placed under MECQ for ten days, from August 26 to September 4. On August 31, President Duterte approved the recommendation of IATF-EID, to place Iligan under MECQ. The GCQ in Metro Manila , Batangas , and Bulacan

5183-571: Was built in 1979. Then in 1983, the National Kidney and Transplant Institute was set up. This was soon followed by the Lung Center of the Philippines , which was constructed under the guidance of Health Minister Dr. Enrique Garcia . With a shift to a parliamentary form of government, the Department of Health was transformed into the Ministry of Health on June 2, 1978, with Dr. Clemente S. Gatmaitan as

5256-537: Was created under DOH. Under E.O. 94, the Institute of Nutrition was created in 1948 to coordinate various nutrition activities of the different agencies. On February 20, 1958, Executive Order 288 provided for the reorganization of the Department of Health. This entailed a partial decentralization of powers and created eight Regional Health Offices. Under this setup, the Secretary of Health passed on some of responsibilities to

5329-576: Was introduced on May 1, is generally less stringent than ECQ. Public transportation is allowed at a reduced capacity and select businesses are allowed to operate at 50 to 100 percent of their regular capacity depending on their industry. Shopping malls are also allowed to operate, although only select stalls and stores are allowed to open. A level under GCQ, is called a modified general community quarantine (MGCQ). Sporting activities has been allowed in areas under GCQ since July 2020, although live spectators are not allowed for sports events. On June 28, 2021,

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