Dingolfing is a town in southern Bavaria , Germany . It is the seat of the Landkreis (district) Dingolfing-Landau . Dingolfing is home of a BMW assembly plant.
76-601: The area now called Dingolfing was first mentioned in Tinguluinga in the year 833. In the year 1251 the duke of Bavaria , Otto II. awarded municipal rights to the town, which was the Upper City. The Lower City, around the church of St. John's, was an older settlement belonging to the Prince-Bishopric of Regensburg . By treaty of 1265 between Duke and Bishop, both cities were united. Dingolfing's large growth took place during
152-506: A certain level of internal solidarity. Early among these were Saxony and Bavaria , which had been conquered by Charlemagne , and Alamannia , placed under Frankish administration in 746. In German historiography they are called the jüngere Stammesherzogtümer , or "more recent tribal duchies", although the term "stem duchies" is common in English. The duchies are often called "younger" (newer, more recent, etc.) in order to distinguish them from
228-520: A class of civil servants and a national militia founded, and several small districts were brought under the duke's authority. The result was a unity and order in the duchy which enabled Maximilian to play an important part in the Thirty Years' War ; during the earlier years of which he was so successful as to acquire the Upper Palatinate and the electoral dignity which had been enjoyed since 1356 by
304-636: A later so-called Upper Palatinate. Thus, the electoral dignity for the line was passed onwards to the Palatinate. With the recognition of the limits of domination by the Bavarian Duke in the year 1275, Salzburg of Bavaria went into their final phase. When the Salzburg Archbishop issued its own country regulations in 1328, Salzburg become a largely independent state within the Holy Roman Empire. In
380-506: A law stipulating that the kingdom would thereafter be united. Arnulf continued to rule it like a king even after his submission, but after his death in 937 it was quickly brought under royal control by Henry's son Otto the Great . The Ottonians worked to preserve the duchies as offices of the crown, but by the reign of Henry IV the dukes had made them functionally hereditary. The five stem duchies were: The complicated political history of
456-700: A number of these Imperial states were members of the Bavarian Circle of the Holy Roman Empire. The origins of the older Bavarian duchy can be traced to the year 551/555. In his Getica , the chronicler Jordanes writes: "That area of the Swabians has the Bavarii in the east, the Franks in the west ..." Until the end of the first duchy, all rulers descended from the family of the Agilolfings . The Bavarians then colonized
532-517: Is home to BMW 's largest production facility which produces around 270,000 cars ( BMW 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 series and also the M5 and M6) each year. Hans Glas GmbH began as makers of agricultural equipment in 1895 and were bought by BMW in 1966. Duchy of Bavaria The Duchy of Bavaria ( German : Herzogtum Bayern ) was a frontier region in the southeastern part of the Merovingian kingdom from
608-458: The Archbishopric of Cologne for his brother Ernest in 1583, and this dignity remained in the possession of the family for more than 200 years. In 1597 he abdicated in favour of his son Maximilian I . Maximilian I found the duchy encumbered with debt and filled with disorder, but ten years of his vigorous rule effected a remarkable change. The finances and the judicial system were reorganised,
684-860: The Bishop of Würzburg acquired the diocese of Bamberg and thus became the Duke of Franconia . The Hohenstaufen Frederick I Barbarossa attempted reconciliation with the Welfs and, in 1156, gave back the Duchy of Bavaria to the Welf Henry the Lion ; however, the East Mark remained in Babenberg hands, and it was thus elevated to the Duchy of Austria as compensation for the loss of Bavaria. The elevation of
760-573: The Diocese of Würzburg in 742. In the adjacent Alamannic ( Swabian ) lands west of the Lech river, Augsburg was a bishop's seat. When Boniface established the Diocese of Passau in 739, he could already build on local Early Christian traditions. In the south, Saint Rupert had founded in 696 the Diocese of Salzburg , probably after he had baptized Duke Theodo of Bavaria at his court in Regensburg, becoming
836-554: The Duchy of Styria in 1180 under Margrave Ottokar IV —the younger tribal duchy came to an end. From 1180 to 1918, the Wittelsbachs were the rulers of Bavaria, as dukes, later as electors and kings. When Count Palatine Otto VI. of Wittelsbach became Otto I, Duke of Bavaria in 1180, the Wittelsbach treasury was rather low. In the following years it was significantly augmented by purchase, marriage, and inheritance. Newly acquired land
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#1732854642326912-593: The Glas car company. BMW bought the facility in 1967. Known today as BMW Group Plant Dingolfing , the plant produces the 3 Series GT , the 4 Series , the 5 Series , the M5 , the 6 Series GT , the 7 Series , the 8 Series , and the iX . With 330,000 vehicles made in 2018, the Dingolfing plant has the highest production volume of any BMW plant in Europe. After 1945 and especially since
988-601: The House of Wittelsbach , which held it until 1918. The Bavarian dukes were raised to prince-electors during the Thirty Years' War in 1623, and to kings by Napoleon in 1806. The duchy chaired the bench of the secular princes to the Reichstag of the Empire. The medieval Bavarian stem duchy covered present-day Southeastern Germany and most parts of Austria along the Danube river, up to
1064-652: The Hungarian border which then ran along the Leitha tributary in the east. It included the Altbayern regions of the modern state of Bavaria , with the lands of the Nordgau march (the later Upper Palatinate ), but without its Swabian and Franconian regions. The separation of the Duchy of Carinthia in 976 entailed the loss of large East Alpine territories covering the present-day Austrian states of Carinthia and Styria as well as
1140-613: The Lombards . The conquest of the Lombard Kingdom by Charlemagne entailed the fall of Tassilo, who was deposed in 788. From that point, Bavaria was administered by Frankish prefects , first of whom was Gerold , who governed Bavaria from 788 to 799. By establishing direct rule over Bavaria, the Franks provoked the neighbouring Avars . At that time, the eastern Bavarian border, towards the Avars,
1216-595: The Marcha Orientalis under the Babenbergs to a Dukedom established it as the nucleus of the later state of Austria (Ostarrichi). Henry the Lion founded numerous cities, including Munich in 1158. Through his strong position as ruler of the two duchies of Saxony and Bavaria, he came into conflict with Frederick I Barbarossa. With the banishment of Henry the Lion and the separation of the March of Styria from Bavaria—raised to
1292-553: The Middle Latin gens , natio or populus of the medieval source material. Traditional German historiography counts six Altstämme or "ancient stems", viz. Bavarians , Swabians (Alemanni) , Franks , Saxons , Frisians and Thuringians . All of these were incorporated in the Carolingian Empire by the late 8th century. Only four of them are represented in the later stem duchies; the former Merovingian duchy of Thuringia
1368-778: The Ottonian descendants of Henry I, a cadet branch of the Saxon royal dynasty, the conflict of the Bavarian dukes with the German (from 962: Imperial ) court continued: in 976, Emperor Otto II deposed his rebellious cousin Duke Henry II of Bavaria and established the Duchy of Carinthia on former Bavarian territory granted to the former Luitpolding Count palatine Henry III , who also became Margrave of Verona. Though Henry II reconciled with Emperor Otto's widow Theophanu in 985 and regained his duchy,
1444-603: The Ottonian dynasty , the Bavarian territory was considerably diminished by the separation of the newly established Duchy of Carinthia in 976. Between 1070 and 1180, the Holy Roman Emperors were again strongly opposed by Bavaria, especially by the ducal House of Welf . In the final conflict between the Welf and Hohenstaufen dynasties, Duke Henry the Lion was banned and deprived of his Bavarian and Saxon fiefs by Emperor Frederick Barbarossa . Frederick passed Bavaria over to
1520-693: The Saxon Rebellion of 1073. Henry entrusted Bavaria to Welf , a scion of the Veronese margravial House of Este and progenitor of the Welf dynasty , which intermittently ruled the duchy for the next 110 years. Only with the establishment of Welf rule as dukes from 1070 by Henry IV was there a re-emergence of the Bavarian dukes. This period is characterized by the Investiture Controversy between Emperor and Pope, which strengthened Welf rule through siding with
1596-457: The river Enns and the Vienna Woods , represented a significant gain for the security of Bavaria. At first, that territory was placed under the jurisdiction of the Bavarian prefect Gerold (d. 799), and subsequently organized as a frontier unit, that became known as the (Bavarian) Eastern March ( Latin : marcha orientalis ). It provided safety for Bavaria's eastern borders, securing as well
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#17328546423261672-587: The "Apostle of Bavaria". In 798, Pope Leo III created the Bavarian ecclesiastical province with Salzburg as metropolitan seat and Regensburg , Passau, Freising, and Säben (later Brixen) as suffragan dioceses. With the rise of the Frankish Empire under the Carolingian dynasty , the autonomy of the Bavarian dukes, previously enjoyed under the Merovingians, was reduced and subsequently terminated. In 716,
1748-508: The 13th century. The list of "recent stems" or Neustämme , is much less definite and subject to considerable variation; groups that have been listed under this heading include the Märker , Lausitzer , Mecklenburger , Upper Saxons , Pomeranians , Silesians , and East Prussians , roughly reflecting German settlement activity during the 12th to 15th centuries. The use of Stämme , "tribes", rather than Völker "nations, peoples", emerged in
1824-528: The 14th and 15th centuries, upper and lower Bavaria were repeatedly subdivided. Four Duchies existed after the division of 1392: Bavaria-Straubing , Bavaria-Landshut , Bavaria-Ingolstadt and Bavaria-Munich . These dukes often waged war against each other. Duke Albrecht IV of Bavaria-Munich united Bavaria in 1503 through war and primogeniture . However, the originally Bavarian offices Kufstein , Kitzbühel and Rattenberg in Tirol were lost in 1504. In spite of
1900-518: The 1970s Dingolfing intensified its investments in its urban infrastructure, including schools, hospitals, and housing for the elderly. Dingolfing is located on the Isar river. Dingolfing is about 100 km northeast of Munich , the capital of the German state of Bavaria, and about 30 km east of Landshut and 25 km south of Straubing . The Isar divides the city into the older historical section of
1976-518: The Avarian territory beyond the river Enns , and started to advance along the river Danube , divided in two columns, but found no active resistance, and soon reached the region of Vienna Woods , at the very gates of the Pannonian Plain . No decisive battles were fought, since the Avars had fled before the advancing Frankish army. Frankish acquisition of new eastern regions, particularly those between
2052-686: The Bad assumed the ducal title, becoming the first Duke of Bavaria from the Luitpolding dynasty . However, the Austrian march remained occupied by the Hungarians and the Pannonian lands were irrecoverably lost. Nevertheless, the self-confidence of the Bavarian dukes was an ongoing matter of dispute in the newly established Kingdom of Germany : Duke Arnulf's son Eberhard was deposed by King Otto I of Germany in 938; he
2128-683: The Carolingians had incorporated the Franconian lands in the north, formerly held by the Dukes of Thuringia , whereby the bishops of Würzburg gained a dominant position. In the west, the Carolingian mayor of the palace Carloman had suppressed the last Alamannic revolt at the 746 Blood court at Cannstatt . The last tribal stem duchy to be incorporated was Bavaria in 788, after Duke Tassilo III had tried in vain to maintain his independence through an alliance with
2204-657: The Dutch provinces Holland , Zeeland and Friesland and the Hainaut (1345) were, however, lost under his successors. In 1369, Tyrol fell through the Treaty of Schärding to the Habsburgs. The Luxemburgish rider followed in 1373 and the Dutch counties fell to Burgundy in 1436. In the 1329 Treaty of Pavia , Emperor Louis divided ownership in a Palatine region, with the Rhine Palatinate, and
2280-537: The East-Frankish, "German", stem-duchies. . . Certainly, their names had already appeared during the Migrations . Yet, their political institutional, and biological structures had more often than not thoroughly changed. I have, moreover, refuted the basic difference between the so-called älteres Stammesfürstentum [older tribal principalities] and jüngeres Stammesfürstentum [newer tribal principalities], since I consider
2356-414: The German population of these stems or tribes as a historical reality is mostly recognized in contemporary historiography, while the caveat is frequently made that each of them should be treated as an individual case with a different history of ethnogenesis, although some historians have revived the terminology of "peoples" ( Völker ) rather than "tribes" ( Stämme ). The division remains in current use in
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2432-457: The Holy Roman Empire during Middle Ages led to the division or disestablishment of most early medieval duchies. Frederick Barbarossa in 1180 abolished the system of stem duchies in favour of more numerous territorial duchies. The duchy of Bavaria is the only stem duchy that made the transition to territorial duchy, eventually emerging as the Free State of Bavaria within modern Germany. Some of
2508-465: The adjacent Carniolan region in today's Slovenia . The eastern March of Austria —roughly corresponding to the present state of Lower Austria — was likewise elevated to a duchy in its own right by 1156. Over the centuries, several further seceded territories in the territory of the former stem duchy, such as the County of Tyrol or the Archbishopric of Salzburg , gained Imperial immediacy . From 1500,
2584-411: The aftermath of Lothair's death. However, Conrad III was successfully elected as King of Germany in 1138; fearing Henry's power, Conrad denied Henry his investiture with the Duchy of Saxony , claiming that it was unlawful for a duke to hold two duchies. This, compounded with his bitterness for being denied the throne, prompted Henry to refuse to swear his oath of allegiance to Conrad. As a consequence, he
2660-454: The alternative translation "tribal", use of the term "stem duchies" has become conventional. The derivation of the German people from a number of German tribes ( Deutsche Stämme; Volksstämme ) developed in 18th to 19th century German historiography and ethnography. This concept of German "stems" relates to the early and high medieval period and is to be distinguished from the more generic Germanic tribes of late antiquity . A distinction
2736-737: The area from the March of the Nordgau along the Naab river (later called the Upper Palatinate ) up to the Enns in the east and southward across the Brenner Pass to the Upper Adige in present-day South Tyrol . The first documented duke was Garibald I , a scion of the Frankish Agilolfings , who ruled from 555 onward as a largely independent Merovingian vassal. On the eastern border, changes occurred with
2812-549: The autumn of the same year (788). In Regensburg , he held a council and regulated issues regarding the Bavarian frontier counties ( marches ), thus preparing the basis for future actions in the east. In 790, the Avars tried to negotiate a peace settlement with the Franks, but no agreement was reached. Bavaria then became the main base for the Frankish campaign against the Avars, which was initiated in 791. A large Frankish army, personally led by Charlemagne , crossed from Bavaria in to
2888-441: The bases of his power, with Regensburg as the seat of his government. Due mainly to the support of the Bavarians, Arnulf could take the field against Charles in 887, and secure his own election as German king in the following year. In 899 Bavaria passed to Louis the Child , during whose reign continuous Hungarian ravages occurred. Resistance to these inroads became gradually feebler, and tradition has it that on 5 July, 907, almost
2964-428: The central authority led to a new strengthening of the German stem duchies . At the same time, East Francia was exposed to the rising threat from Hungarian invasions, especially in the Bavarian March of Austria ( marchia orientalis ) beyond the Enns river. In 907 the army of Luitpold, Margrave of Bavaria suffered a crushing defeat at the Battle of Pressburg . Luitpold himself was killed in action and his son Arnulf
3040-408: The city on the right side of the river (historically divided into the Upper City and the Lower City), and the area of the former farming villages Goben, Geratsberg, Höll and Sossau, where much residential development in recent decades has grown to a newer section of the city on the left side of the river. The most important industry in the Dingolfing-Landau region is automobile construction. Dingolfing
3116-437: The city were burnt in a large fire. Many of the town's records were destroyed in this fire. Between 1802 and 1803 the local courts were dissolved. Between 1816 and 1817 there were many economic and harvest failures. There was also a period of large price increases. This period is thought to be the lowest point in the long history of the city. A railroad track leading from Munich to Prague and many new roads were built in
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3192-413: The decree of 1506, Albert's oldest son William IV was compelled to grant a share in the government in 1516 to his brother Louis X , an arrangement which lasted until the death of Louis in 1545. William followed the traditional Wittelsbach policy of opposition to the Habsburgs until in 1534 he made a treaty at Linz with Ferdinand I , the king of Hungary and Bohemia . This link strengthened in 1546, when
3268-465: The departure of the West Germanic Lombard tribes from the Pannonian basin to northern Italy in 568 and the succession of the Avars , as well as with the settlement of West Slavic Czechs on the adjacent territory beyond the Bohemian Forest at about the same time. At around 743, the Bavarian duke Odilo vassalised the Slavic princes of Carantania (roughly corresponding with the later March of Carinthia ), who had asked him for protection against
3344-420: The duchies before and after Charlemagne to have been basically the same Frankish institution. . . After the division of the Kingdom in the Treaty of Verdun (843), Treaty of Meerssen (870), and Treaty of Ribemont (880), the Eastern Frankish Kingdom or East Francia was formed out of Bavaria, Alemannia, and Saxony together with eastern parts of the Frankish territory. The kingdom was divided in 864–865 among
3420-456: The duke obtained extensive rights over the bishoprics and monasteries from the pope. He then took measures to repress the reformers, many of whom were banished; while the Jesuits , whom he invited into the duchy in 1541, made the Jesuit College of Ingolstadt , their headquarters in Germany. William died in March 1550 and was succeeded by his son Albert V , who had married a daughter of Ferdinand I. Early in his reign Albert made some concessions to
3496-529: The early 19th century in the context of the project of German unification . Karl Friedrich Eichhorn in 1808 still used Deutsche Völker "German nations". Friedrich Christoph Dahlmann in 1815 asked for unity of the German nation ( Volk ) in its tribes ( in seinen Stämmen ). This terminology became standard and is reflected in the preamble of the Weimar constitution of 1919, reading Das deutsche Volk, einig in seinen Stämmen [...] "The German nation (people), united in its tribes (stems) ...". The composition of
3572-411: The elder branch of the Wittelsbach family. The Electorate of Bavaria then consisted of most of the modern regions of Upper Bavaria , Lower Bavaria , and the Upper Palatinate . Stem duchies A stem duchy ( German : Stammesherzogtum , from Stamm , meaning "tribe", in reference to the Franks , Saxons , Bavarians and Swabians ) was a constituent duchy of the Kingdom of Germany at
3648-405: The emperor Charles V obtained the help of the duke during the war of the league of Schmalkalden by promising him in certain eventualities the succession to the Bohemian throne, and the electoral dignity enjoyed by the count palatine of the Rhine . William also did much at a critical period to secure Bavaria for Catholicism . The reformed doctrines had made considerable progress in the duchy when
3724-406: The emperor's sons, a tradition maintained by Henry's Salian successors. This period saw the rise of many aristocratic families, such as the Counts of Andechs and the House of Wittelsbach . In 1061, the dowager empress Agnes of Poitou enfeoffed the Saxon count Otto of Nordheim with the Duchy. Nevertheless, her son King Henry IV seized the duchy on fallacious grounds, which ultimately led to
3800-511: The former classification of German dialects into Franconian , Alemannic , Thuringian , Bavarian and Low Saxon (including Friso-Saxon , with Frisian languages being regarded as a separate language). In the Free State of Bavaria , the division into "Bavarian stems" ( bayerische Stämme ) remains current for the populations of Altbayern (Bavaria proper), Franconia and Swabia . Within East Francia were large duchies, sometimes called kingdoms ( regna ) after their former status, which had
3876-441: The invading Avars. The residence of the largely independent Agilolfing dukes was then Regensburg , the former Roman Castra Regina , on the Danube river. During Christianization , Bishop Corbinian laid the foundations for the later Diocese of Freising before 724; Saint Kilian in the 7th century had been a missionary of the Franconian territory in the north, then ruled by the Dukes of Thuringia , where Boniface founded
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#17328546423263952-498: The kingdom. The dukes gathered and elected Conrad I to be their king. According to Tellenbach's thesis, the dukes created the duchies during Conrad's reign. No duke attempted to set up an independent kingdom. Even after the death of Conrad in 918, when the election of Henry the Fowler was disputed, his rival, Arnulf, Duke of Bavaria , did not establish a separate kingdom but claimed the whole, before being forced by Henry to submit to royal authority. Henry may even have promulgated
4028-500: The land into Upper Bavaria with the Palatinate and the Nordgau (headquartered in Munich) and Lower Bavaria (with seats in Landshut and Burghausen). There is still today a distinction made between upper and lower Bavaria (cf. Regierungsbezirke ). Despite renewed division after a short time of reunification, Bavaria gained new heights of power with Louis IV, Holy Roman Emperor , who became the first Wittelsbach emperor in 1328. The newly gained areas of Brandenburg (1323), Tyrol (1342),
4104-432: The main communication between Frankish possessions in Bavaria and Pannonia. In his 817, Ordinatio Imperii , Charlemagne's son and successor Emperor Louis the Pious tried to maintain the unity of the Carolingian Empire : while imperial authority upon his death was to pass to his eldest son Lothair I , the younger brothers were to receive subordinate realms. From 825, Louis the German styled himself "King of Bavaria" in
4180-400: The mid-19th century, and from the beginning was closely related to the question of national unification . The term's applicability, and the nature of the stem duchies in medieval Germany, consequently have a long history of controversy. The overly literal or etymologizing English translation "stem duchy" was coined in the early 20th century. While later authors tend to clarify the term by using
4256-416: The mid-19th century, which began a major turn-around for the city. Many new industries formed in Dingolfing around this time too. The region began to paint a new picture of itself. In 1905 a new machine shop opened to repair broken farming equipment. After the Second World War this shop changed its business and began producing scooters and automobiles. In the 1950s the plant began producing automobiles under
4332-451: The older duchies which were vassal-states of the Merovingian monarchs. Historian Herwig Wolfram denied any real distinction between older and younger stem duchies, or between the stem duchies of Germany and similar territorial principalities in other parts of the Carolingian empire: I am attempting to refute the whole hallowed doctrine of the difference between the beginnings of the West-Frankish, "French", principautés territoriales , and
4408-414: The other stem duchies emerged as divisions of the Holy Roman Empire; thus, the Electorate of Saxony , while not directly continuing the duchy of Saxony , gives rise to the modern state of Saxony . The duchies of Franconia and Swabia , on the other hand, disintegrated and correspond only vaguely to the contemporary regions of Swabia and Franconia . The Merovingian duchy of Thuringia did not become
4484-576: The pope's position. After Henry V , the last of the Salian emperors, died in 1125, Lothair III of the House of Supplinburg was elected to the throne; the Bavarian duke Henry the Proud had married Lothair's daughter Gertrude , and was thus promised her inheritance. When conflict arose with anti-king Conrad III , nephew of Henry V and member of the Swabian House of Hohenstaufen , the Bavarian duke threw his support behind Lothair, further increasing his social capital and increasing his chances of election as King of Germany as well as Duke of Saxony in
4560-403: The power of the Bavarian dukes was further diminished by the rise of the Franconian House of Babenberg , ruling as Margraves of Austria ( Ostarrichi ), who became increasingly independent. The last Ottonian duke, Henry IV of Bavaria , was elected King of the Romans in 1002 as Henry II. At different times, the duchy was ruled by the German kings in personal union, by dependent dukes, or even by
4636-521: The pre-Carolingian tribal duchies) were Bavaria , Franconia , Lotharingia (Lorraine) , Saxony and Swabia (Alemannia) . The Salian emperors (reigned 1027–1125) retained the stem duchies as the major divisions of Germany, but the stem duchies became increasingly obsolete during the early high-medieval period under the Hohenstaufen , and Frederick Barbarossa finally abolished them in 1180 in favour of more numerous territorial duchies. The term Stammesherzogtum as used in German historiography dates to
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#17328546423264712-464: The reformers, who were still strong in Bavaria; but about 1563 he changed his attitude, favoured the decrees of the Council of Trent , and pressed forward the work of the Counter-Reformation . As education passed by degrees into the hands of the Jesuits, the progress of Protestantism was effectually arrested in Bavaria. The succeeding duke, Albert's son, William V , had received a Jesuit education and showed keen attachment to Jesuit tenets. He secured
4788-402: The remnants of the tribe in alliance with the Hungarians and became duke of the Bavarians in 911, uniting Bavaria and Carinthia under his rule. The German king Conrad I unsuccessfully attacked Arnulf when the latter refused to acknowledge his royal supremacy. The Carolingian reign in East Francia ended in 911, when Arnulf's son, King Louis the Child , died without heirs. The discontinuation of
4864-416: The sixth through the eighth century. It was settled by Bavarian tribes and ruled by dukes ( duces ) under Frankish overlordship. A new duchy was created from this area during the decline of the Carolingian Empire in the late ninth century. It became one of the stem duchies of the East Frankish realm, which evolved as the Kingdom of Germany and the Holy Roman Empire . During internal struggles in
4940-401: The sons of Louis the German , largely along the lines of the tribes. Royal power quickly disintegrated after 899 under the rule of Louis the Child , which allowed local magnates to revive the duchies as autonomous entities and rule their tribes under the supreme authority of the King. After the death of the last Carolingian, Louis the Child , in 911, the stem duchies acknowledged the unity of
5016-518: The territory that was to become the centre of his power. When the brothers divided the Empire by the 843 Treaty of Verdun , Bavaria became part of East Francia under King Louis the German , who upon his death bequested the Bavarian royal title to his eldest son Carloman in 876. Carloman's natural son Arnulf of Carinthia , raised in the former Carantanian lands, secured possession of the March of Carinthia upon his father's death in 880, and became King of East Francia, in 887. Carinthia and Bavaria were
5092-439: The time of the extinction of the Carolingian dynasty (death of Louis the Child in 911) and through the transitional period leading to the formation of the Ottonian Empire . The Carolingians had dissolved the original tribal duchies of the Empire in the 8th century. As the Carolingian Empire declined, the old tribal areas assumed new identities. The five stem duchies (sometimes also called "younger stem duchies" in contrast to
5168-402: The whole of the Bavarian tribe perished in the Battle of Pressburg against these formidable enemies. During the reign of Louis the Child, Luitpold , Count of Scheyern, who possessed large Bavarian domains, ruled the Mark of Carinthia , created on the southeastern frontier for the defence of Bavaria. He died in the great battle of 907, but his son Arnulf , whose last name was the Bad, rallied
5244-462: The years of about 1315 to 1600. During this time the city prospered mostly through trade, fishing, leather craft and the production of wool cloths. The duke promoted these works, causing Dingolfing to prosper even more. The war of Austrian succession caused very heavy damage to the city and decimated the population by epidemics. The city became nothing more than debris and ash on May 16, 1743 after being fired upon by Austrian troops. Greater parts of
5320-444: Was absorbed into Saxony in 908 while the former Frisian Kingdom had been conquered into Francia already in 734 . The customary or tribal laws of these groups were recorded in the early medieval period ( Lex Baiuvariorum , Lex Alamannorum , Lex Salica and Lex Ripuaria , Lex Saxonum , Lex Frisionum and Lex Thuringorum ). Franconian, Saxon and Swabian law remained in force and competed with imperial law well into
5396-477: Was crushed in 954. In 952, Duke Henry I also received the Italian March of Verona , which Otto I had seized from King Berengar II of Italy . He still had to deal with the Hungarian threat, which was not eliminated until King Otto's victory at the 955 Battle of Lechfeld . The Magyars retreated behind the Leitha and Morava rivers, facilitating a second wave of German Ostsiedlung into the areas of today's Lower Austria , Istria and Carniola . Although ruled by
5472-455: Was dispossessed of all of his territories, and Bavaria was given to his Babenberg half-brother Leopold IV, Margrave of Austria in 1139. The Duchy of Swabia consisted largely of countryside during the reign of the Staufer king, while Franconia became the center of Staufer power, having been invested with the title dux Francorum orientalium , in 1115 by Henry V. This lasted until 1168, when
5548-513: Was no longer given as a fief, but managed by servants. Also, powerful families, such as the counts of Andechs, died out during this period. Otto's son Ludwig I of Wittelsbach was enfeoffed in 1214 with the County Palatine of the Rhine . Since there was no preference for succession of the firstborn in the Wittelsbach dynasty, in contrast to many governments of this time, there was in 1255 a division of
5624-656: Was situated on the river Enns . Already in 788, the Avars made an incursion into Bavaria, but Franko-Bavarian forces repelled them, and then launched a counterattack towards neighbouring Avarian regions, situated along the river Danube , east of the Enns. The two sides clashed near the river Ybbs , on the Ybbs Field ( German : Ybbsfeld ), where the Avars suffered a significant defeat (788). In order to secure Bavaria's eastern borders, and resolve other political and administrative questions, Charlemagne came to Bavaria in person, during
5700-449: Was sometimes made between the "ancient stems" ( Altstämme ), which were in existence in the 10th century, and "recent stems" ( Neustämme ), which emerged in the high medieval period as a result of eastward expansion . The delineation of the two concepts is necessarily vague, and as a result the concept has a history of political and academic dispute. The terms Stamm , Nation or Volk variously used in modern German historiography reflect
5776-455: Was succeeded by his younger brother Berthold . In 948, King Otto finally disempowered the Luitpoldings and installed his younger brother Henry I as Bavarian duke. The late Duke Berthold's minor heir, Henry III , was fobbed off with the office of a Bavarian Count palatine . The last attempt of the Luitpoldings to regain power by joining the rebellion of King Otto's son Duke Liudolf of Swabia
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