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52-554: Derazhnia Raion was located in the central-eastern part of the Khmelnytskyi Oblast, corresponding to the modern-day boundaries of the Podolia historical region. Its total area constituted 910 square kilometres (350  sq mi ). To its south and east, the raion bordered upon the neighboring Vinnytsia and Zhytomyr Oblasts , respectively. At the time of disestablishment, the raion consisted of two hromadas : Derazhnia Raion

104-598: A 1772 book by Adam F. Kollár and was used as an argument in favor of annexation by the Habsburgs. The Ternopil (Tarnopol) region of western Podolia was briefly taken by Russia in 1809 but reverted to Austrian rule in 1815. Within the Austrian Empire , western Podolia was part of the Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria which, in 1867 with the formation of Austria-Hungary , became an ethnic Pole -administered autonomous unit under

156-498: A few villages within its jurisdiction. Accordingly, Derazhnia Raion was divided into: Overall, the raion had a total of 62 populated localities, consisting of one city, two urban-type settlements, and 59 villages. Podolia Podolia or Podillia is a historic region in Eastern Europe , located in the west-central and south-western parts of Ukraine and in northeastern Moldova (i.e. northern Transnistria ). Podolia

208-568: A number of processes, including upwelling of volcanic magma , extrusion of lava , and erosion by water and glaciers . Plateaus are classified according to their surrounding environment as intermontane, piedmont, or continental. A few plateaus may have a small flat top while others have wider ones. Plateaus can be formed by a number of processes, including upwelling of volcanic magma, extrusion of lava, plate tectonics movements, and erosion by water and glaciers. Volcanic plateaus are produced by volcanic activity . The Columbia Plateau in

260-573: A part of the principalities of Volhynia , Kiev , and Galicia . In the 13th century, Bakota served as its political and administrative centre. During the 13th century, the Mongols plundered Ponizie; Algirdas , Grand Duke of Lithuania, freed it from their rule following his victory against the Golden Horde in the Battle of Blue Waters of 1362, annexing it to Lithuania under the name of Podolia , which has

312-542: A river was already there, though not necessarily on exactly the same course. Then, subterranean geological forces caused the land in that part of North America to gradually rise by about a centimeter per year for millions of years. An unusual balance occurred: the river that would become the Colorado River was able to erode into the crust of the Earth at a nearly equal rate to the uplift of the plateau. Now, millions of years later,

364-643: Is bordered by the Dniester River and the Eastern Bug River. Covering an area of 40,000 square kilometres (15,000 sq mi), it features an elongated plateau and fertile agricultural land. Its main rivers are the Dniester and the Southern Bug , which serve as important trade channels. Podolia is known for its cherries, mulberries, melons, gourds, and cucumbers. The region has a rich history, dating back to

416-609: Is divided into three main flat regions: the Bogotá savanna , the valleys of Ubaté and Chiquinquirá , and the valleys of Duitama and Sogamoso . The parallel Sierra of Andes delimit one of the world highest plateaux: the Altiplano , (Spanish for "high plain"), Andean Plateau or Bolivian Plateau. It lies in west-central South America, where the Andes are at their widest, is the most extensive area of high plateau on Earth outside of Tibet. The bulk of

468-608: Is renowned for its folk icon-painting tradition, with red, green, and yellow colors dominating the art. Collections of these iconic works can be found in the Vinnytsya Art Museum and the Museum of Ukrainian Home Icons in Radomysl Castle . The name derives from Proto-Slavic po 'by, next to, along' and dolъ 'valley, lowland' (cf. English dale , German Tal ). The area is part of the vast East European Plain , confined by

520-683: Is sometimes called the Roof of Africa due to its height and large area. Another example is the Highveld which is the portion of the South African inland plateau which has an altitude above approximately 1,500 metres, but below 2,100 metres, thus excluding the Lesotho mountain regions. It is home to some of the largest South African urban agglomerations . In Egypt are the Giza Plateau and Galala Mountain , which

572-528: Is the Scottish Highlands . Plateaus are classified according to their surrounding environment. The highest African plateau is the Ethiopian Highlands which cover the central part of Ethiopia. It forms the largest continuous area of its altitude in the continent, with little of its surface falling below 1,500 metres (4,921 ft), while the summits reach heights of up to 4,550 metres (14,928 ft). It

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624-558: Is the home of more than 70 million people. The Western Plateau , part of the Australian Shield , is an ancient craton covering much of the continent's southwest, an area of some 700,000 square kilometres. It has an average elevation between 305 and 460 metres. The North Island Volcanic Plateau is an area of high land occupying much of the centre of the North Island of New Zealand, with volcanoes, lava plateaus, and crater lakes,

676-513: Is well known in Ukraine. Its manifestation is long home iconostases painted on canvas at the end of the 19th to the beginning of the 20th centuries. Red, green and yellow colours prevail, the faces of the saints are a little bit longer, their eyes almond-like. On these iconostases, the most venerated family saints were painted. The collections of Podillya's folk iconostases are possessed by Vinnytsya Art Museum and The Museum of Ukrainian Home Icons in

728-734: The Primary Chronicle mentions four apparently Slavic tribes : the Buzhans and Dulebes along the Southern Bug River, and the Tivertsi and Ulichs along the Dniester. The Avars invaded in the 7th century. Later. the Bolokhoveni occupied the same territory in the 13th century. Prince Oleg extended his rule over this territory known as the Ponizie , or "lowlands". These lowlands later became

780-812: The Bar Confederation was formed by the Poles, including Casimir Pulaski in Bar in Podolia. Podolia remained part of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth until its Partitions of Poland in 1772 and 1793, when the Austrian and Russian Empires annexed the western and eastern parts respectively. From 1793 to 1917, part of the region was the Podolia Governorate in southwestern Russia bordering with Austria across

832-584: The Bracław Voivodeship , which remained with Lithuania, both forming part of the Polish–Lithuanian union . With the Union of Lublin of 1569, eastern Podolia passed from Lithuania to Poland with the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth . The Kamieniec Podolski Fortress was nicknamed the "gateway to Poland", whereas the city of Kamieniec Podolski itself as one of Poland's major cities enjoyed voting rights during

884-716: The Czortków uprising , an unsuccessful Polish uprising against Soviet occupiers, took place in pre-war Polish Podolia. Following German invasion of the Soviet Union in 1941, most of Podolia was occupied by Nazi Germany and incorporated into the Reichskommissariat Ukraine . The area of Podolia between the Southern Bug below Vinnytsia and the Dniester was occupied by Axis Romania as part of Transnistria . Starting in July 1941,

936-847: The Deccan Plateau (≈1,900,000 km (730,000 sq mi), elevation 300–600 metres (980–1,970 ft)). A large plateau in North America is the Colorado Plateau , which covers about 337,000 km (130,000 sq mi) in Colorado , Arizona , New Mexico , and Utah . In northern Arizona and southern Utah the Colorado Plateau is bisected by the Colorado River and the Grand Canyon . This came to be over 10 million years ago,

988-482: The Dniester River and the Carpathian arc in the southwest. It comprises an area of about 40,000 km (15,000 sq mi), extending for 320 km (200 mi) from northwest to southeast on the left bank of the Dniester. In the same direction run two ranges of relatively low hills, separated by the Southern Bug . The Podolian Upland , an elongated, up to 472 ft (144 m) high plateau stretches from

1040-798: The Neolithic period, with various tribes and civilizations occupying it over time. It became part of the Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia , the Golden Horde , the Kingdom of Poland , the Grand Duchy of Lithuania , the Ottoman Empire , the Austrian Habsburg monarchy , and the Russian Empire . In the 20th century, Podolia underwent various political changes, with both Poland and the Soviet Union controlling parts of it at different times. Podolian culture

1092-650: The Neuri . Subsequently, the Dacians and the Getae arrived. The Romans left traces of their rule in Trajan's Wall , which stretches through the modern districts of Kamianets-Podilskyi, Nova Ushytsia, and Khmelnytskyi. During the Migration Period , many peoples passed through this territory or settled within it for some time, leaving numerous traces in archaeological remains. Nestor in

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1144-494: The Radomysl Castle . Plateau In geology and physical geography , a plateau ( / p l ə ˈ t oʊ , p l æ ˈ t oʊ , ˈ p l æ t oʊ / ; French: [plato] ; pl. : plateaus or plateaux ), also called a high plain or a tableland , is an area of a highland consisting of flat terrain that is raised sharply above the surrounding area on at least one side. Often one or more sides have deep hills or escarpments . Plateaus can be formed by

1196-567: The Western and Southern Bug rivers to the Dniester, and includes mountainous regions with canyon -like fluvial valleys. Podolia lies east of historic Red Ruthenia , i.e. the eastern half of Galicia , beyond the Seret River , a tributary of the Dniester. In the northwest, it borders on Volhynia . It is largely made up of the present-day Ukrainian Vinnytsia Oblast and southern and central Khmelnytskyi Oblast . The Podolian lands also include parts of

1248-620: The Zbruch River and with Bessarabia across the Dniester . Its area was 36,910 km (14,251 sq mi). In 1772 First Partition of Poland , the Austrian Habsburgs had taken control of a small part of Podolia west of the Zbruch River (sometimes also called "Southern Podolia") around Borschiv , in what is today Ternopil Oblast. At this time, Emperor Joseph II toured the area,

1300-545: The royal election period . Podolia was invaded several times by the Crimean Tatars and Turks , and during the Deluge , also by Transylvanians and Russians , with notable Polish victories at Udycz (1606), Czarny Ostrów (1657), Uścieczko (1694). From 1672, Podolia became part of the Ottoman Empire , when and where it was known as Podolia Eyalet . During this time, it was a province, with its center being Kamaniçe , and

1352-552: The " Roof of the World ", which is still being formed by the collisions of the Indo-Australian and Eurasian tectonic plates . The Tibetan Plateau covers approximately 2,500,000 km (970,000 sq mi), at about 5,000 m (16,000 ft) above sea level. The plateau is sufficiently high to reverse the Hadley cell convection cycles and to drive the monsoons of India towards

1404-434: The " Yizkor Book " for Podolia: "It brought an end to the cultural separation of Jews from the surrounding world. Jews began to learn modern sciences and languages, read world literature and participate in the cultural life of the nations among whom they lived." Just as was the case in other areas of former Poland, Jews started to learn the language of the country they lived in and to write about secular subjects. The writers of

1456-662: The Altiplano lies within Bolivian and Peruvian territory while its southern parts lie in Chile. The Altiplano plateau hosts several cities like Puno, Oruro, El Alto and La Paz the administrative seat of Bolivia. Northeastern Altiplano is more humid than the Southwestern, the latter of which hosts several salares , or salt flats, due to its aridity. At the Bolivia-Peru border lies Lake Titicaca ,

1508-686: The Austrian crown. At the end of the nineteenth century and the beginning of the twentieth, Austrian Podolia witnessed a large-scale emigration of its peasant population to western Canada. Several battles of the Polish uprisings of 1809 , 1830–1831 and 1863–1864 were fought in Podolia. As to the Jewish community in Podolia, the Haskalah or Jewish Enlightenment reached it in the 19th century, introduced by Jews from Western Europe. Says I A. Bar-Levy (Weissman), author of

1560-625: The Haskalah in Podolia included: the forerunner Isaac Satanow (1733–1805), Menachim Mendel Lapin, author and translator, Ben-Ami (Mordecai Rabinowitz), who wrote in Russian, and many others. With the collapse of Austria-Hungary following World War I in November 1918, western Podolia was included in the West Ukrainian People's Republic , but came under Polish control in 1919 which was confirmed in

1612-608: The Jewish inhabitants were subjected to mass extermination by shooting in a German campaign carried out by four Einsatzgruppen ("operational groups") specially organized for the purpose. Reliable estimates including German, Soviet, and local records indicate that upwards of 1.6 million, perhaps as many as 2 million, Jews were murdered in this fashion. Most were buried in mass graves, but there were also instances of communities being forced en masse into community buildings or synagogues that were then burnt, or herded into local mines that were subsequently dynamited. The Germans operated

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1664-698: The North Rim of the Grand Canyon is at an elevation of about 2,450 m (8,040 ft) above sea level , and the South Rim of the Grand Canyon is about 2,150 m (7,050 ft) above sea level. At its deepest, the Colorado River is about 1,830 m (6,000 ft) below the level of the North Rim. Another high-altitude plateau in North America is the Mexican Plateau . With an area of 601,882 km (232,388 sq mi) and average height of 1,825 metres, it

1716-718: The Poland– Ukrainian People's Republic agreement in April 1920. Podolia was briefly occupied in 1920 by Soviets during the course of the Polish–Soviet War . At same war, Poland briefly occupied eastern Podolia in 1919 and again in 1920. After the Peace of Riga the Polish control of western Podolia was recognized by the USSR. USSR retained eastern Podalia. There were pogroms during this period. In Poland from 1921 to 1939, western Podolia

1768-447: The Stalag 310, Stalag 329, Stalag 349 and Stalag 355 prisoner-of-war camps in Podolia. In 1944 the Soviets re-occupied Podolia and in 1945, when Poland's eastern border was formally realigned along the Curzon line , the whole of Podolia remained in the Ukrainian and Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republics. Most remaining Poles and Jews fled or were expelled to the People's Republic of Poland . The Podillia's folk icon-painting tradition

1820-435: The adjacent Ternopil Oblast in the west and Kyiv Oblast in the northeast. In the east it consists of the neighbouring parts of Cherkasy , Kirovohrad and Odesa Oblasts , as well as the northern half of Transnistria . Two large rivers, with numerous tributaries, drain the region: the Dniester, which forms its boundary with Moldova and is navigable throughout its length, and the Southern Bug, which flows almost parallel to

1872-580: The crust. Tectonic plateaus are formed by tectonic plate movements which cause uplift, and are normally of a considerable size, and a fairly uniform altitude. Examples are the Deccan Plateau in India and the Meseta Central on the Iberian Peninsula . Plateaus can also be formed by the erosional processes of glaciers on mountain ranges, leaving them sitting between the mountain ranges. Water can also erode mountains and other landforms down into plateaus. Dissected plateaus are highly eroded plateaus cut by rivers and broken by deep narrow valleys. An example

1924-782: The former in a higher, sometimes swampy, valley, interrupted in several places by rapids. The Dniester forms an important channel for trade in the areas of Mohyliv-Podilskyi , Zhvanets , and other Podolian river ports. In Podolia, 'black earth' ( chernozem ) soil predominates, making it a very fertile agricultural area. Marshes occur only beside the Bug. A moderate climate predominates, with average temperatures at Kamianets-Podilskyi of 9 °C ( −4 °C in January, 20 °C in July). Russian-ruled Podolia in 1906 had an estimated population of 3,543,700, consisting chiefly of Ukrainians . Significant minorities included Poles and Jews , as well as 50,000 Romanians , some Germans , and some Armenians . The chief settlements include Kamianets-Podilskyi,

1976-506: The gods" in the native tongue of the Pemon , the Indigenous people who inhabit the Gran Sabana . Tepuis can be considered minute plateaus and tend to be found as isolated entities rather than in connected ranges, which makes them the host of a unique array of endemic plant and animal species. Some of the most outstanding tepuis are Neblina , Autana , Auyan and Mount Roraima . They are typically composed of sheer blocks of Precambrian quartz arenite sandstone that rise abruptly from

2028-416: The jungle, giving rise to spectacular natural scenery. Auyán-tepui is the source of Angel Falls , the world's tallest waterfall . The Colombian capital city of Bogota sits on an Andean plateau known as the Altiplano Cundiboyacense roughly the size of Switzerland. Averaging a height of 2,600 m (8,500 ft) above sea level, this northern Andean plateau is situated in the country's eastern range and

2080-479: The most notable of which is the country's largest lake, Lake Taupō . The plateau stretches approximately 100 km east to west and 130 km north to south. The majority of the plateau is more than 600 metres above sea level. A tepui ( / ˈ t ɛ p w i / ), or tepuy ( Spanish: [teˈpuj] ), is a table-top mountain or mesa found in the Guiana Highlands of South America, especially in Venezuela and western Guyana . The word tepui means "house of

2132-442: The north-western United States is an example. They may be formed by upwelling of volcanic magma or extrusion of lava. The underlining mechanism in forming plateaus from upwelling starts when magma rises from the mantle , causing the ground to swell upward. In this way, large, flat areas of rock are uplifted to form a plateau. For plateaus formed by extrusion, the rock is built up from lava spreading outward from cracks and weak areas in

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2184-485: The region and suppressed the unrest, causing around 4000 deaths, according to US correspondents sent to report about the insurrection, which was at the time completely denied by the Kremlin official press. In 1939 after the signing of the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact between Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union and the Soviet invasion of Poland on September 17, 1939, the area became part of Soviet Ukraine. Many local inhabitants were deported to labour camps . In January 1940,

2236-427: The same meaning as Ponizie, and in 1366 western Podolia with Kamieniec Podolski passed under Polish sovereignty. In 1375, the Roman Catholic Diocese of Kamianets-Podilskyi was founded. Polish colonisation began in the 14th century. After the death of the Grand Duke of Lithuania Vytautas in 1430, Podolia was incorporated into Podolian Voivodeship of the Kingdom of Poland , with the exception of its eastern part,

2288-692: The south. The Deosai Plains in Pakistan are situated at an average elevation of 4,114 meters (13,497 ft) above sea level. They are considered to be the second highest plateaus in the world. Other major plateaus in Asia are: Najd on the Arabian Peninsula , elevation 762 to 1,525 m (2,500 to 5,003 ft), Armenian Highlands (≈400,000 km (150,000 sq mi), elevation 900–2,100 metres (3,000–6,900 ft)), Iranian Plateau (≈3,700,000 km (1,400,000 sq mi), elevation 300–1,500 metres (980–4,920 ft)), Anatolian Plateau , Mongolian Plateau (≈2,600,000 km (1,000,000 sq mi), elevation 1,000–1,500 metres (3,300–4,900 ft)), and

2340-416: The surrounding coastline through enormous glaciers . The polar ice cap is so massive that the echolocation measurements of ice thickness have shown that large areas are below sea level . But, as the ice melts, the land beneath will rebound through isostasy and ultimately rise above sea level. The largest and highest plateau in the world is the Tibetan Plateau , sometimes metaphorically described as

2392-430: The traditional capital, Vinnytsia , Khmelnytskyi , Rîbnița , Mohyliv-Podilskyi, Haisyn , Balta , Bar , Camenca , Yampil , Bratslav , and Letychiv . Podolia is known for its cherries , mulberries , melons , gourds , and cucumbers . The region has had human inhabitants since at least the beginning of the Neolithic period. Herodotus mentions it as the seat of the Graeco - Scythian Alazones and possibly

2444-413: Was also organized along a similar scheme nationwide. Consequently, raions were subdivided into councils , which were the prime level of administrative division in the country. Each of the raion's urban localities administered their own councils, often containing a few other villages within its jurisdiction. However, only a handful of rural localities were organized into councils, which also might contain

2496-425: Was divided into the sanjaks of Kamaniçe, Bar , Mejibuji and Yazlovets (Yazlofça). It returned to Poland in 1699 with the Treaty of Karlowitz . The region was the site of two notorious massacres, the Batoh massacre of 1652, in which several thousand Poles were murdered by the Cossacks, and the Massacre of Uman of 1768, in which several thousand Poles, Jews and Uniates were murdered by haidamaks . In 1768,

2548-438: Was first established on March 7, 1923 as part of a full-scale administrative reorganization of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic . During the same reorganization the Vovkovyntsi Raion was created with its administrative center in Vovkovyntsi , which existed until it was merged with the Derazhnia Raion in 1958. Derazhnia Raion was divided in a way that follows the general administrative scheme in Ukraine. Local government

2600-409: Was impressed by the fertility of the soil, and was optimistic about its future prospects. Poland disappeared as a state in a third partition in 1795 but the Polish gentry continued to maintain local control in both eastern and western Podolia over a peasant population which was primarily ethnically Ukrainian whose similarity to the other East Slavs already subject to the Habsburg monarchy was showcased in

2652-467: Was once called Gallayat Plateaus, rising 3,300 ft above sea level. Another very large plateau is the icy Antarctic Plateau , which is sometimes referred to as the Polar Plateau or King Haakon VII Plateau, home to the geographic South Pole and the Amundsen–Scott South Pole Station , which covers most of East Antarctica where there are no known mountains but rather 3,000 m (9,800 ft) high of superficial ice and which spreads very slowly toward

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2704-436: Was part of the Tarnopol Voivodeship . Eastern Podolia remained in the Ukrainian SSR and between 1922 and 1940, in the southwestern part, the Moldavian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic was created. In 1927 there was a massive uprising of peasants and factory workers in Mohyliv-Podilskyi, Kamianets-Podilskyi , Tiraspol and other cities of southern Ukrainian SSR against Soviet authorities. Troops from Moscow were sent to

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