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111-459: Following the Alliance's disappointing performance in the 2000 election , Day came under severe criticism from his own party, and several high-profile Alliance MPs began publicly calling for him to step down. Through the spring of 2001, several members of the Alliance resigned their shadow cabinet seats, the most high-profile resignation being that of deputy leader Deborah Grey . On May 2, Art Hanger

222-849: A CANZUK agreement that would enable mobilization of goods, trade and people between Canada , Australia , New Zealand and the United Kingdom . The party is also supportive of Israel ; Conservative leaders Andrew Scheer and Erin O'Toole have both expressed support for moving Canada's embassy to Jerusalem . The party also supports taking a tough stance against the People's Republic of China and has pledged to prevent China from entering Canada's 5G Networks. The party also calls on Canada to encourage other Western nations to prevent Chinese government backed corporations from accessing and taking control of important media, energy, internet, defense and security related infrastructure. The party supports maintaining

333-425: A Goods and Services Tax reduction and a child-care allowance. These announcements played to Harper's strengths as a policy wonk, as opposed to the 2004 election and summer 2005 where he tried to overcome the perception that he was cool and aloof. Though his party showed only modest movement in the polls, Harper's personal approval numbers, which had always trailed his party's significantly, began to rise. In addition,

444-460: A general election for June 28, 2004 . For the first time since the 1993 election, a Liberal government would have to deal with an opposition party that was generally seen as being able to form government. The Liberals attempted to counter this with an early election call, as this would give the Conservatives less time to consolidate their merger. During the first half of the campaign, polls showed

555-518: A rump caucus of Progressive Conservatives, and a fourth ( Jean-Claude Rivest ) soon left to sit as an independent. In February 2005, Prime Minister Paul Martin appointed two anti-merger Progressive Conservatives, Nancy Ruth and Elaine McCoy , to the Senate. In March 2006, Nancy Ruth joined the new Conservative Party. In the immediate aftermath of the merger announcement, some Conservative activists hoped to recruit former Ontario premier Mike Harris for

666-634: A Liberal Party candidate in his province. During the campaign, Chrétien apologized to Atlantic Canadians for the negative impact of employment insurance reforms which had caused hardship in Atlantic Canada. In Quebec, the Liberal Party benefited from the collapse of support for the Progressive Conservative Party, after the PCs' popular Québécois leader Jean Charest had resigned in 1998 and

777-653: A Reformer, Stanley Waters , to the Senate. In the 1993 election , support for the Progressive Conservative Party collapsed, and the party's representation in the House of Commons dropped from an absolute majority of seats to only two. Meanwhile, the Reform Party took Western Canada and became the dominant conservative party in Canada. The problem of the split on the right was accentuated by Canada's single member plurality electoral system, which resulted in numerous seats being won by

888-653: A defeat of the motion in the House of Commons stated it would not seek to reopen it. In 2016, the Conservatives amended the party constitution to recognize and support same-sex marriage. The Conservative leadership has supported changing the law to allow men who have sex with men to donate blood . The party wants to keep the "Fiscal Balance" (which it introduced in its 2007 Budget while in government) in place and eliminate national debt. It also supports more simplified tax codes, controls on government spending and reductions in both personal and business taxes. Former party leader Erin O'Toole has listed economic recovery following

999-569: A half years (with a maximum allowed mandate of five years). The governing Liberal Party of Canada won a third consecutive majority government, winning more seats than in 1997. The Canadian Alliance only made minor gains, and an Eastern breakthrough did not happen. The Bloc Québécois , New Democratic Party and the Progressive Conservatives all suffered slight losses. This was the last election as of 2024 in which an incumbent government successfully defended its parliamentary majority. It

1110-528: A health accord with all premiers in September 2000 that involved major projected increases to public health care spending. Overall, the Liberals increased their number of seats in the House of Commons from 155 seats to 172 seats. They also won the popular vote in their former stronghold of Quebec for the first time since 1980, though they narrowly fell short of winning the most seats in the province, winning 36 seats to

1221-607: A letter with signatures from 35 Conservative MPs calling for a leadership review on O'Toole's leadership to the Conservative caucus chair, Scott Reid . In the letter, Benzen criticized O'Toole's reversal on repealing the Liberal government's carbon tax and assault weapons ban. On February 2, 2022, O'Toole was removed as leader by a margin of 73 to 45 votes. Then-deputy leader of the Conservative Party Candice Bergen

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1332-453: A low carbon savings account. In contrast to his two predecessors as leader, O'Toole is pro-choice and supports same-sex marriage. Prime Minister Trudeau called the September 2021 federal election in the hopes of winning a majority government, though in the middle of the campaign O'Toole's Conservatives were tied with the Liberals, if not slightly ahead of the Liberals in the polls . During

1443-524: A majority Liberal government led by Justin Trudeau . Despite winning a plurality of the vote in each election, the party remained in opposition after losing the 2019 and 2021 elections under its second and third leaders, Andrew Scheer and Erin O'Toole respectively. Pierre Poilievre was elected leader in the 2022 leadership election . The Conservative Party is political heir to a series of right-of-centre parties that have existed in Canada, beginning with

1554-444: A margin of 90% to 10%. On December 7, the new party was officially registered with Elections Canada . Senator John Lynch-Staunton , a PC, was named interim leader, pending the outcome of the party's inaugural leadership election. The merger process was opposed by some elements in both parties. In the PCs in particular, the merger process resulted in organized opposition, and in a substantial number of prominent members refusing to join

1665-471: A massive upturn under its new leader, Brian Mulroney , who mustered a large coalition of westerners irritated over the Liberal government's National Energy Program , suburban and small-town Ontarians, and Quebec nationalists who were angered over Quebec not having distinct status in the Constitution of Canada signed in 1982. This led to a huge landslide victory for the Progressive Conservative Party. In

1776-556: A new offer was made to the MPs in which they would be readmitted to the Alliance caucus if they promised to refrain from criticizing Day's leadership. The MPs surveyed their constituents, and the offer was accepted by Hanger, Gouk, Solberg, Fitzpatrick and Burton. The remaining seven MPs refused, and formed the Democratic Representative Caucus on September 12, with Strahl as its parliamentary leader and Grey as deputy leader. This

1887-455: A possible rise of support to the newly formed Canadian Alliance, to stop the leadership ambitions of Paul Martin , and to capitalize on the nostalgia created by the recent death of Pierre Trudeau . At the time of the election, the Canadian economy was strong and there were few immediate negative issues, as the opposition parties were not prepared for the campaign. The major issue in the election

1998-420: A relatively young party with a mixed political heritage and history, the federal Conservatives are often described as a " big tent " party in a similar manner to the federal Canadian Liberals by encompassing members and voters who hold a variety of philosophies, ideas and stances, albeit sitting within the centre-right to the right-wing of the political spectrum. Broadly, the party is defined as practicing

2109-617: A result, party members were undecided on whether he should continue as leader. On October 5, the Conservative caucus voted to adopt the provisions of the Reform Act , giving caucus the power to trigger a leadership review . O'Toole denied that it represented a threat to his leadership, insisting that the caucus was united as a team and that, as a supporter of the Act, he had encouraged his caucus to adopt all of its provisions. On January 31, 2022, Conservative Calgary Heritage MP Bob Benzen submitted

2220-449: A rise in support for the new party, leading some pollsters to predict the election of a minority Conservative government. Momentum stalled after several Conservative candidates made controversial remarks about homosexuality , official bilingualism and abortion , allowing the Liberal Party to warn of a "hidden agenda". Ultimately, Harper's new Conservatives emerged from the election with a much larger parliamentary caucus of 99 MPs while

2331-496: A say in National Parole Board decisions. The party also supports the creation of a cross-federal task force to tackle organized crime, human trafficking and threats to national security. Some Conservative MPs are in favour of the death penalty. The Conservative Party has both members and MPs who favour abortion rights and members who oppose them. In the past, more Conservative members have been against abortion. However,

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2442-452: A stricter policy on illegal immigration by amending the " Safe Third Country Agreement " and the reintroduction of visa requirements for Mexico. The Conservative Party generally supports a tough law and order stance. Presently, the party argues for a national register for convicted child sexual offenders, stricter sentences against repeat offenders, ending early release for violent felons and believes that victims of violent crime should have

2553-819: A unified party; for example, although the coalition caucus now had more MPs than the New Democratic Party , Milliken ruled that the coalition would not outrank the NDP in party precedence matters, such as speaking order or seating. While the DRC members insisted that they remained loyal to the Canadian Alliance despite their opposition to Day's leadership, the group founded the Democratic Representative Association (DRA) to support their re-election campaigns as DRC Members of Parliament. On November 19, Lunn left

2664-422: Is "non-partisan, welcoming and well-managed" that encourages merit-based immigration and enticement of skilled workers to Canada to boost the economy whilst also taking a zero tolerance stance on illegal immigration and ensuring that immigrants speak English or French. The Conservatives also want to streamline the process of granting Canadian citizenship to foreign born children adopted by Canadian nationals, speed up

2775-565: Is a social conservative; he is personally pro-life and opposes same-sex marriage, though like Harper, he stated he would not attempt to overturn the legality of both laws. The Conservative Party entered the October 2019 federal election campaign neck-in-neck with the Liberals after the SNC-Lavalin affair earlier that year involving Justin Trudeau, but the election resulted in a Liberal minority government victory. The Conservatives did, however, win

2886-413: The 2015 federal election , after nearly a decade in power, the Conservatives were defeated by Justin Trudeau and his Liberal Party. Harper stepped down as leader on the election day on October 19. Journalist John Ibbitson of The Globe and Mail described Harper as "the most conservative leader Canada has ever known." Following the election of the Liberals and Harper's resignation as party leader in

2997-655: The Bloc Québécois led to the calling of the October 2008 federal election , in which the Conservatives won a stronger minority. Shortly after, the Conservatives fought off a vote of non-confidence by a potential governing coalition of opposition parties by proroguing parliament . In his second term, Harper's government responded to the global recession of 2007–2008 by introducing the Economic Action Plan that implemented major personal income tax cuts. However, these tax cuts, along with increases in spending to combat

3108-574: The COVID-19 pandemic as a core priority for Canada. The party also supports abolishing the Carbon Tax. At the party's March 2021 policy convention, delegates voted to reject a proposal to expand the party's existing climate change policies to include a statement that climate change is real. The Conservative Party presently supports Canada's involvement in NATO and international trade agreements, including

3219-691: The Canadian Alliance , the latter being the successor of the Western Canadian –based Reform Party . The party sits at the centre-right to the right of the Canadian political spectrum , with their federal rival, the centre-left Liberal Party of Canada , positioned to their left . The Conservatives are defined as a " big tent " party, practising "brokerage politics" and welcoming a broad variety of members, including " Red Tories " and " Blue Tories ". From Canadian Confederation in 1867 until 1942,

3330-671: The House of Commons . Conservative Party of Canada The Conservative Party of Canada ( CPC ; French : Parti conservateur du Canada , PCC ), colloquially known as the Tories or simply the Conservatives , is a federal political party in Canada . It was formed in 2003 by the merger of the two main right-leaning parties, the Progressive Conservative Party (PC Party) and

3441-515: The Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario , and Mayor of Brampton Patrick Brown , former Conservative MP Leona Alleslev , former BC MLA and Conservative MP Marc Dalton , and former Huntsville mayor and Conservative MP Scott Aitchison announced their candidacies for the leadership. On May 2, 2022, the Party announced that the six verified candidates for the leadership would be Aitchison, Baber, Brown, Charest, Lewis, Poilievre. On July 6, 2022,

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3552-515: The Québécois nation motion which would "recognize Quebec as a nation within a united Canada." Despite its social conservative past in the Canadian Alliance, the government did not attempt to reverse the same-sex marriage law implemented by the Martin government nor did it attempt to make changes to abortion laws . Deadlock between the Conservatives and the Liberals, the New Democratic Party , and

3663-594: The State of Israel , negotiated the Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement (CETA), and negotiated the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP). Under its first leader, Stephen Harper , the party governed with two minority governments after the federal elections of 2006 and 2008 . It then won a majority government in the 2011 federal election before being defeated in the 2015 federal election by

3774-592: The Upper Canada Tories of the nineteenth century. John A. Macdonald and George-Étienne Cartier later founded the Liberal-Conservative Party . The party became known simply as the Conservative Party after 1873, and the Progressive Conservative Party after 1942. Like its historical predecessors and conservative parties in some other Commonwealth nations (such as the Conservative Party of

3885-630: The long-gun registry . In foreign policy, the government passed the Anti-terrorism Act , launched Operation Impact to combat ISIL , negotiated the Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement (CETA) with the European Union , and negotiated the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP). The Conservatives also gained controversy surrounding the Canadian Senate expenses scandal and the Robocall scandal ;

3996-463: The original Conservative Party of Canada formed numerous governments and had multiple names. However, by 1942, the main right-wing Canadian force became known as the Progressive Conservative Party. In the 1993 federal election , the PC Party's Western Canadian support transferred to the Reform Party. When it became clear that neither the PC Party nor the Reform Party or Canadian Alliance (the latter being

4107-621: The senate to make it a fully elected chamber. While the party platform states it is open to debate over electoral reform, it also claims it will not support changing the current electoral system. The party calls for a "restoration of a constitutional balance between the federal and provincial and territorial governments" in regards to Canadian federalism. The Conservative Party also advocates offering tax incentives, increased business investment and more political autonomy to assist and integrate Indigenous Canadian communities over state affirmative action . Historically, Conservative MPs were divided on

4218-534: The 1997 election to the New Democratic Party and Progressive Conservative Party due to the Liberal government's imposition of quotas on Atlantic Canadian cod fisheries and the government's cuts to unemployment insurance benefits. Chrétien gained support during the campaign from former New Brunswick Premier Frank McKenna and former Chrétien government minister and then the current Premier of Newfoundland and Labrador , Brian Tobin resigned as Premier and ran as

4329-751: The 2006 election. The government's first budget produced a nearly $ 14 billion surplus, a number slightly greater than the Martin government. The budget also drastically increased military spending and scrapped funding for the Kyoto Protocol and the Kelowna Accord . Later, the government introduced the tax-free savings account (TFSA). The government passed the Veterans' Bill of Rights , which guaranteed benefits for veterans from Veterans Affairs Canada , in addition to guaranteeing equality of veterans and referring to them as "special citizens". The government also passed

4440-494: The 2015 election, it was announced that an interim leader would be selected to serve until a new leader could be chosen. That was completed at the caucus meeting of November 5, 2015 where Rona Ambrose , MP for Sturgeon River—Parkland and a former cabinet minister, was elected by a vote of MPs and Senators. Some members of the party's national council were calling for a leadership convention as early as May 2016 according to Maclean's magazine. However, some other MPs wanted

4551-518: The Bloc's 38. The Canadian Alliance (the common short form name of Canadian Reform Conservative Alliance) was a new political party in the election, having been created only months earlier as the successor to the Reform Party of Canada , a party founded as a Western Canada protest party which sought to become a national party in the 1990s. Reform Party leader Preston Manning was deeply disappointed with

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4662-621: The Canadian Alliance and Progressive Conservative Party, Stephen Harper (then the leader of the Canadian Alliance) and Peter MacKay (then the leader of the Progressive Conservatives) announced the "'Conservative Party Agreement-in-Principle", thereby merging their parties to create the new Conservative Party of Canada. The parties reached a deal after several months of talks between two teams of emissaries, consisting of Don Mazankowski , Bill Davis and Loyola Hearn on behalf of

4773-529: The Canadian Alliance. Chrétien only spent parts of nine days campaigning in the West, including only two stops in the province of Alberta , both in the city of Edmonton while visiting the province of British Columbia only three times, and only in the cities of Victoria and Vancouver . The Liberal Party focused its effort in regaining support in Atlantic Canada , where the party had suffered serious losses in

4884-422: The Canadian model of conservatism and fiscal conservatism. Some political observers have noted the two most dominant wings of the party traditionally represented Red Tory and Blue Tory ideologies, whereas others have argued that the party has become less internally defined by these labels and that the terms tend to be used by outsiders. Other smaller but visible factional beliefs espoused by individuals within

4995-450: The DRC to rejoin the Alliance shortly after Day agreed to hold a new Alliance leadership race, although the party forced him to issue a public apology for his role in the schism before readmitting him to the caucus. The remaining DRC members were formally expelled as members of the Canadian Alliance in December. In March 2002, Day lost that leadership race to Stephen Harper . In April five of

5106-458: The Liberal Party, even when the total number of votes cast for PC and Reform Party candidates was substantially in excess of the total number of votes cast for the Liberal candidate. In 2003, the Canadian Alliance (formerly the Reform Party) and Progressive Conservative parties agreed to merge into the present-day Conservative Party. On October 15, 2003, after closed-door meetings were held by

5217-621: The Liberals were reduced to a minority government of 135 MPs, twenty short of a majority. In 2005, some political analysts such as former Progressive Conservative pollster Allan Gregg and Toronto Star columnist Chantal Hébert suggested that the then-subsequent election could result in a Conservative government if the public were to perceive the Tories as emerging from the party's founding convention (then scheduled for March 2005 in Montreal) with clearly defined, moderate policies with which to challenge

5328-517: The Liberals. The convention provided the public with an opportunity to see the Conservative Party in a new light, appearing to have reduced the focus on its controversial social conservative agenda. It retained its fiscal conservative appeal by espousing tax cuts, smaller government, and more decentralization by giving the provinces more taxing powers and decision-making authority in joint federal-provincial programs. The party's law and order package

5439-515: The Official Languages Act ensuring that English and French have equality of status in Canada. It also calls for the protection of Canada's history, culture and heritage. It also supports the re-establishment of the Office of Religious Freedom. The Conservative Party constitution also supports maintaining the constitutional Monarchy of Canada . The party has called for an immigration system that

5550-794: The PC caucus in August. Clark's successor, Peter MacKay , negotiated a merger with the CA in late 2003, and he, along with Mark and most of the PC caucus, joined with the CA caucus to form the Conservative Party of Canada , fulfilling the DRC's main goal of a unified centre-right. Clark and a few other prominent PC MPs and senators refused to join the new party, whilst Pankiw was again refused admission along with another Saskatchewan CA MP, Larry Spencer . [REDACTED] Conservatism portal 2000 Canadian federal election Jean Chrétien Liberal Jean Chrétien Liberal The 2000 Canadian federal election

5661-478: The PCs, and Ray Speaker , Senator Gerry St. Germain and Scott Reid on behalf of the Alliance. On December 5, 2003, the agreement-in-principle was ratified by the membership of the Alliance by a margin of 96 percent to 4 percent in a national referendum conducted by postal ballot. On December 6, the PC Party held a series of regional conventions, at which delegates ratified the Agreement-in-Principle by

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5772-490: The Party announced that Patrick Brown had been disqualified "due to 'serious allegations of wrongdoing' that 'appear' to violate Canadian election law." In response, Brown hired lawyer Marie Henein , who requested the Party's dispute resolution appeal committee be convened. On September 10, 2022, Pierre Poilievre won the leadership on the first ballot in a landslide, winning over 68% of the points. On September 12, Poilievre gave his first speech to his caucus as leader. As

5883-596: The Progressive Conservatives and former Prime Minister Joe Clark took over the party and opposed any union with the Reform Party. In the spring of 2000, the Reform Party became the Canadian Alliance , a political party dedicated to uniting conservatives together into one party. Former Reform Party leader Preston Manning lost in a leadership race to Stockwell Day who became leader of the new Canadian Alliance party. The federal government called an early election after being in office for close to three and

5994-639: The Reform Party to unite the two parties was called the United Alternative which began in 1998, and ultimately resulted in the Alliance. The new party subsequently elected Stockwell Day as leader over Manning. The Alliance had hoped to use the 2000 election to eclipse the PC party in Ontario and Eastern Canada. The Alliance dedicated its campaign to demonstrating that the party was a national party and not as western-based as its predecessor had been perceived as. Day's more media friendly and "easy going" persona

6105-459: The Reform Party's failure to spread eastward in the 1997 election, as the Reform Party lost its only seat in Ontario in that election. Reform identified vote-splitting with its rival conservative movement, the Progressive Conservative Party as the cause for the Liberals' 1997 election victory, and Manning proposed the solution of a merger of the Reform and Progressive Conservative parties. This agenda by

6216-536: The SNC-Lavalin affair and for his wearing of brownface and blackface ; the latter incident was made public during the election campaign. Scheer announced his pending resignation on December 12, 2019, after the CBC reported that the Conservative party had been paying part of his children's private school tuition. He remained party leader, until his successor was chosen in August 2020. A leadership election to replace Scheer

6327-480: The United Kingdom ), members of the present-day Conservative Party of Canada are sometimes referred to as "Tories". The modern Conservative Party of Canada is also legal heir to the heritage of the historical conservative parties by virtue of assuming the assets and liabilities of the former Progressive Conservative Party upon the merger of 2003. In 1984, the Progressive Conservative Party's electoral fortunes made

6438-436: The campaign due to the drop in support for the provincial New Democratic parties over the preceding decade and amid a scandal in 2000 facing British Columbia 's NDP Premier Glen Clark who was forced to resign as Premier. Matters were made worse for the federal NDP after Saskatchewan's NDP Premier Roy Romanow resigned in 2000 after the party lost seats in the 1999 Saskatchewan provincial election, and afterwards suggested that

6549-412: The campaign, O'Toole stated he would balance the budget within the next 10 years and reversed his support for repealing the Liberal government's "assault-style" weapons ban . In a similar manner to the 2019 election, the Conservatives again won the popular vote but fell short of gaining the largest amount of seats, enabling the Liberal Party under Justin Trudeau to form another minority government. As

6660-472: The civil service, privatization of crown corporations), creating new environmental regulations, and increasing spending beginning on social programs beginning in 1998 after the budget deficit had ended and a surplus had been achieved. The Liberal Party came under attack by opposition parties for irregularities in the Department of Human Resources' Transition Job Fund program, but Chrétien managed to capably defend

6771-568: The contrast between [the Liberals and the Canadian Alliance] while warning voters about [PC leader] Joe Clark's claim that he would form a coalition with the Bloc Québécois in a minority government. The ad told Canadians not to take risks with other parties but to choose a strong, proven team". The Liberal Party entered the election with a record of ending the budgetary deficit, making major reductions in federal spending (such as by cuts to

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6882-501: The election and aimed to win thirty-two "must-win" seats. The NDP's platform and campaign focused on protecting medicare while attacking the Liberal Party for its tax cuts to wealthy Canadians and corporations. The NDP's focus on attacking the Liberals failed to recognize the surging support for the Canadian Alliance in the province of Saskatchewan, where the NDP had hoped to gain seats. The NDP failed to galvanize support, as it remained low in support in polling results throughout most of

6993-655: The election campaign. NDP leader Alexa McDonough performed badly in the French-language debate due to her not being fluent in French. In the English-language debate, McDonough attacked Alliance leader Stockwell Day for favouring two-tier health care and attacked Liberal leader Jean Chrétien for giving out tax cuts to the wealthy rather than funding Canada's public health care system. The Progressive Conservative Party aimed to regain its former place in Canadian politics under

7104-518: The end, there were three candidates in the party's first leadership election : former Canadian Alliance leader Stephen Harper , former Magna International CEO Belinda Stronach , and former Ontario provincial PC Cabinet minister Tony Clement . Voting took place on March 20, 2004. A total of 97,397 ballots were cast. Harper won on the first ballot with 56.2% of the vote; Stronach received 34.5%, and Clement received 9.4%. Two months after Harper's election as leader, Prime Minister Paul Martin called

7215-587: The federal NDP should merge with the Liberal Party. In Nova Scotia, the provincial NDP lost seats in its 1999 election while the NDP government of the Yukon had been recently defeated. As Canada's major social democratic political party, it relied on support from the labour movement, but recent strains between the NDP and the Canadian Auto Workers union and the Canadian Labour Congress had weakened

7326-455: The financial crisis, grew the deficit to $ 55.6 billion – Canada's largest federal deficit up to that time. A March 2011 non-confidence vote that found the Harper government to be in contempt of Parliament dissolved Parliament and triggered an election . In this election, the Conservatives won a majority government . The Harper government withdrew Canada from the Kyoto Protocol and repealed

7437-445: The first week of July by Grey and Inky Mark . At this time Day attempted to solve the crisis by offering to take a temporary leave of absence from the leadership if the dissidents returned to the party, but he withdrew the offer after the dissident MPs refused his conditions. Through the summer, the MPs sat as "Independent Alliance Caucus", and were jokingly dubbed the " Rebel Alliance " by political commentators. In early September,

7548-538: The government's actions. Chrétien was directly attacked by the opposition parties for alleged corrupt involvement from the Prime Minister's Office (PMO) in providing funding to local projects in Chrétien's riding of Saint-Maurice . The Liberal Party focused its attacks on the Canadian Alliance, accusing it of being a dangerous right-wing movement that was dangerous to national unity. The Liberal Party's most tense problem

7659-452: The immigration policies of Justin Trudeau 's Liberal government and supports significantly restricting numbers of temporary residents and asylum seekers coming into Canada. Poilievre instead argues that immigration intake should be linked to housing supply and that the Conservatives will introduce a cap on the number of foreign workers and further border control and background screening measures of immigrants. The Conservatives also support

7770-474: The institutions of Parliament and Canada's democratic process, support for strong national defence, law and order, and Canada's history and traditions, and equal treatment for all Canadians. In recent years, the Conservative Party has repeatedly campaigned on the following policies: In its current platform, the Conservative Party states that its core objectives are to protect the lives and property of ordinary citizens, promote democratic accountability and reform

7881-407: The issue of same-sex marriage in Canada, with individuals in the party arguing for and against. During debates on Bill C-38 in 2004 which would redefine the legal definition of marriage in Canada, a majority of Conservative MPs voted against when then leader Stephen Harper allowed a free vote . Under Harper's premiership, the party proposed reopening the debate into same-sex marriage but following

7992-615: The largest share of the popular vote, and gained 26 seats. Notably, they won every single seat in Saskatchewan and all but one in Alberta . While the Conservative Party has historically been highly successful in Alberta and Saskatchewan, some point to a growing sense of Western alienation to explain the results. Following the election, Scheer faced criticism from within the party for failing to defeat Trudeau, who gained criticism for his handling of

8103-469: The late 1980s and 1990s, federal conservative politics became split by the creation of a new western-based protest party, the populist and social conservative Reform Party of Canada created by Preston Manning , the son of an Alberta Social Credit premier, Ernest Manning . Westerners reportedly felt betrayed by the federal Progressive Conservative Party, seeing it as catering to Quebec and urban Ontario interests over theirs. In 1989, Reform made headlines in

8214-432: The latter involved robocalls and real-person calls that were designed to result in voter suppression in the 2011 election. In economic policy, the government launched Canada's Global Markets Action Plan to generate employment opportunities for Canadians by expanding Canadian businesses and investment in other countries, and balanced the budget in the 2014 federal budget , producing a minor deficit of $ 550 million. In

8325-412: The leader of the coalition caucus, with Strahl as deputy leader and Grey as caucus chairwoman. Two weeks later, on September 24, the "Progressive Conservative - Democratic Reform Coalition Caucus" made their formal debut in the House of Commons of Canada . Speaker Peter Milliken ruled that the arrangement would be recognized as a coalition, but would not gain all of the parliamentary privileges of being

8436-498: The leadership of former Prime Minister Joe Clark . The PC Party had a very disappointing election, recording its lowest ever share of the national vote, falling from 20 to 12 seats, and being almost exclusively confined to the Maritime provinces . It won the 12 seats needed for Official party status in the House of Commons, however. Notes: "% change" refers to change from previous election * – Party did not nominate candidates in

8547-559: The leadership. Harris declined the invitation, as did New Brunswick premier Bernard Lord and Alberta premier Ralph Klein . Outgoing Progressive Conservative leader Peter MacKay also announced he would not seek the leadership, as did former Democratic Representative Caucus leader Chuck Strahl . Jim Prentice , who had been a candidate in the 2003 PC leadership contest , entered the Conservative leadership race in mid-December but dropped out in mid-January because of an inability to raise funds so soon after his earlier leadership bid. In

8658-430: The merger of the two parties. In October and November, during the course of the PC party's process of ratifying the merger, three sitting Progressive Conservative MPs — André Bachand , John Herron and former prime minister Joe Clark — announced they would not join the new Conservative Party caucus. In the months following the merger, Rick Borotsik , who had been elected as Manitoba's only PC, became openly critical of

8769-551: The national budget , creating the tax-free savings account (TFSA), and creating the Universal Child Care Benefit . In social policy, the government eliminated the long-gun registry , introduced mandatory minimum sentences for violent crimes, raised the age of consent to 16 years of age, permitted the construction of several pipelines , and withdrew Canada from the Kyoto Protocol . The government also supported

8880-474: The new laws, as Chrétien expected that the sovereigntists would lose such a referendum. The Liberal Party promised a number of government projects in Quebec to woo Quebec voters to the Liberal Party. The Liberal Party appealed to Canada's most populous province of Ontario by acting to restore funding that its government had cut in the 1990s in order to cut the deficit of the 1990s. The Liberal government established

8991-412: The new party's leadership, while former leadership candidate Scott Brison and former Alliance leadership candidate Keith Martin left the party. Brison, Herron and Martin ran for the Liberal Party in the next election, while Clark, Bachand and Borotsik retired. Three senators — William Doody , Norman Atkins , and Lowell Murray — declined to join the new party and continued to sit in the upper house as

9102-444: The new party. Former leadership candidate David Orchard argued that his written agreement with Peter MacKay , which had been signed a few months earlier at the 2003 Progressive Conservative Leadership convention , excluded any such merger. Orchard announced his opposition to the merger before negotiations with the Canadian Alliance had been completed. Over the course of the following year, Orchard led an unsuccessful legal challenge to

9213-505: The party also received more newspaper endorsements than in 2004. On January 23, 2006, the Conservatives won 124 seats, compared to 103 for the Liberals. The results made the Conservatives the largest party in the 308-member House of Commons, enabling them to form a minority government . On February 6, 2006, Harper and his Cabinet were sworn in. The Conservative Party confronted the In and Out scandal , regarding improper election spending during

9324-471: The party fading from contention. While they did not force the Liberals into minority government or finally eclipse the PC party, they did retain their official opposition status, and increased their numbers in the House of Commons by six seats, from 60 to 66. The Alliance ended up winning only two Ontario ridings. On election night, controversy arose when a CBC producer's gratuitously sexist comment about Stockwell Day's daughter-in-law, Juliana Thiessen-Day ,

9435-408: The party have been described by media commentators as liberal conservative , social conservative , right-wing populist and libertarian conservative . In an effort to create a cohesive platform following its creation, the Conservative Party declared its founding core philosophies and principles to be fiscal accountability, upholding individual rights and freedom, belief in constitutional monarchy,

9546-413: The party including former leader Erin O'Toole called on the Canadian government to grant asylum to fleeing Hong Kong pro-democracy protesters facing extradition orders to China. The party also proposes eliminating birthright citizenship unless one of the parents of a child born in Canada has permanent residency or Canadian citizenship. Incumbent Conservative leader Pierre Poilievre has vocally criticized

9657-447: The party's base of support. The party had received little media attention during the election and 2000 as a whole, due to the media's focus on Canada's newest political party, the Canadian Alliance , the political comeback of former Prime Minister Joe Clark to the leadership of the Progressive Conservative Party, and the leadership feud within the Liberal Party between Jean Chrétien and Paul Martin . The NDP did not expect to do well in

9768-698: The party's policy book states that the party "will not support any legislation to regulate abortion" while in government, and the party's current leader, Pierre Poilievre, has stated that "no laws or rules will be passed that restrict women's reproductive choices" if he becomes prime minister. The party states that it supports responsible gun ownership and will "not deprive Canadian Citizens of legally owned firearms" but also calls for cost-effective gun control programs including screening all individuals wishing to purchase firearms and increased enforcement against arms trafficking. The Conservative Party does not have any provincial wings. However, it often works closely with

9879-432: The policies within the large platform. The Bloc campaigned to try to win over previous supporters of the PC Party. This campaign strategy failed, as the Bloc lost seats to the Liberal Party due to the collapse of Quebec support for the Progressive Conservative Party, whose voters shifted to the Liberal Party. The Bloc won in 38 ridings, six ridings fewer than in the 1997 election. The New Democratic Party suffered badly in

9990-400: The political scene when its first member of Parliament (MP), Deborah Grey , was elected in a by-election in Alberta, which was a shock to the PCs, who had almost complete electoral dominance over the province for years. Another defining event for western conservatives was when Mulroney accepted the results of an unofficial Senate election held in Alberta, which resulted in the appointment of

10101-1335: The previous election – percentage change from Reform Party of Canada in previous election. Source: Elections Canada The following seats changed allegiance from the 1997 election: 1. Champlain , QC : Marcel Gagnon (BQ) def. Julie Boulet (Lib) by 15 votes 2. Laval Centre , QC : Madeleine Dalphond-Guiral (BQ) def. Pierre Lafleur (Lib) by 42 votes 3. Leeds—Grenville , ON : Joe Jordan (Lib) def. Gord Brown (CA) by 55 votes 4. Saskatoon—Rosetown—Biggar , SK : Carol Skelton (CA) def. Dennis Gruending (NDP) by 68 votes 5. Yukon , YT : Larry Bagnell (Lib) def. Louise Hardy (NDP) by 70 votes 6. Tobique—Mactaquac , NB : Andy Savoy (Lib) def. Gilles Bernier (PC) by 150 votes 7. Regina—Lumsden—Lake Centre , SK : Larry Spencer (CA) def. John Solomon (NDP) by 161 votes 8. Regina—Qu'Appelle , SK : Lorne Nystrom (NDP) def. Don Leier (CA) by 164 votes 9. Palliser , SK : Dick Proctor (NDP) def. Don Findlay (CA) by 209 votes 10. Matapédia—Matane , QC : Jean-Yves Roy (BQ) def. Marc Bélanger (Lib) by 276 votes 11. Cardigan , PE : Lawrence MacAulay (Lib) def. Kevin MacAdam (PC) by 276 votes Articles on parties' candidates in this election: Bold indicates parties with members elected to

10212-489: The riding of Chicoutimi—Le Fjord in spite of the Bloc's riding association's selection of Sylvain Gaudreault to run in the riding. The Bloc's 177 page platform was criticized as being far too large, and few copies were distributed and few internet users accessed the platform because of its length and it was rarely discussed during the campaign. Instead, the Bloc produced large numbers of copies of small booklets that outlined

10323-401: The seven DRC members returned to the Alliance caucus, terminating their coalition agreement with the PCs. Pankiw's request for readmission to the Alliance caucus was denied, as he was embroiled in a political controversy involving a violent confrontation with a First Nations constituent. Mark chose not to return to the Alliance caucus, instead sitting as an Independent Conservative, then joining

10434-450: The successor to the Reform Party) could beat the incumbent Liberals that had governed since the 1993 election, an effort to unite the right-of-centre parties emerged. In 2003, the Canadian Alliance and the PCs merged, forming the Conservative Party of Canada. During the Conservative Party's governance of Canada from 2006 to 2015, its economic policies included reducing sales tax , reducing income taxes , reducing business taxes, balancing

10545-416: The validation of refugee claims and give help to persecuted religious and sexual minorities whilst ensuring those who do not meet refugee status are escorted out of the country. Some MPs within the party have proposed a Canadian values test for prospective immigrants and long-term visitors, although this has not been adopted as a policy as a whole. Following the 2019–20 Hong Kong protests , several members of

10656-427: The vote through 13 rounds. Bernier would leave the Conservatives in 2018 to form the People's Party of Canada , which campaigned on right-wing populist positions in subsequent elections but failed to win a seat. Under Scheer, the Conservatives prioritized repealing the Liberal government's carbon tax , pipeline construction, and balancing the budget within five years had they formed government in 2019. Scheer

10767-464: The vote to be delayed until the spring of 2017. On January 19, 2016, the party announced that a permanent leader will be chosen on May 27, 2017. On September 28, 2016, former Speaker of the House of Commons Andrew Scheer announced his bid for the leadership of the party . On May 27, 2017, Scheer was elected as the second permanent leader of the Conservative Party of Canada, beating runner-up MP Maxime Bernier and more than 12 others with 50.95% of

10878-430: Was health care which had risen in public opinion polls to be the most important issue for Canadians. The public was largely uninterested in the election, with commentators stating that voters expected a repeat of previous regionally divided elections that offered little chance of a change of government. The Liberals' final television advertisement, according to Stephen Clarkson 's The Big Red Machine , "emphasized

10989-584: Was accidentally broadcast on the Canadian networks' pooled election feed from Day's riding. The Bloc Québécois suffered from the unpopular decision of its provincial counterpart, the ruling Parti Québécois government's agenda to merge the communities surrounding Quebec City into one community. Many Québécois were angered by this decision and voted in protest against the Bloc or chose not to vote at all to demonstrate their frustration. Bloc leader Gilles Duceppe received negative media attention after he decided to personally appoint candidate Noël Tremblay to run in

11100-465: Was also the first election in which Nunavut was its own separate territory (before, it was part of the Northwest Territories ). On October 22, 2000, Prime Minister and Liberal Party leader Jean Chrétien advised Governor General Adrienne Clarkson to dissolve parliament and call an election scheduled for November 27, 2000. This move has been viewed by commentators as an attempt to stem

11211-493: Was also the last election in which a single party won more than 40% of the popular vote, although the Conservative Party under Stephen Harper in 2011 (39.62%) and the Liberal Party under Justin Trudeau in 2015 (39.47%) would both come close. This was the only election contested by the Canadian Alliance and the last by the Progressive Conservatives (as they both merged into the Conservative Party of Canada in 2003). This

11322-431: Was an effort to address rising homicide rates, which had gone up 12% in 2004. On November 24, 2005, Harper introduced a motion of no confidence which, with the backing of the other two opposition parties, passed on November 28, 2005. This resulted in an election scheduled for January 23, 2006 . The Conservatives started off the first month of the campaign by making a series of policy-per-day announcements, which included

11433-493: Was dogged by accusations: introducing a two-tier health care —the party would allow private health care to exist alongside the public medicare system; and for threatening the protection of gay rights and abortion rights. The latter accusations tended to focus on the party's residual direct democracy provisions in their platform. The accusations against his party platform, along with Day's relative inexperience compared to decades-experienced fixtures like Clark and Chrétien, led to

11544-526: Was elected interim leader the same day O'Toole was ousted, and a leadership election was subsequently scheduled for September 10, 2022. Conservative MP and former cabinet minister Pierre Poilievre , Conservative MP and former leadership candidate Leslyn Lewis , Independent (formerly Progressive Conservative) Member of Ontario Provincial Parliament Roman Baber , former leader of the now-defunct Progressive Conservative Party of Canada and former Premier of Quebec Jean Charest , former MP, former leader of

11655-568: Was expected to appeal to more Ontario voters than Manning's reputation as a policy wonk , and after the United Alternative project had integrated the successful Provincial PCs in the party, the Canadian Alliance was hoping for major improvements. The Alliance campaigned on: cutting taxes by reducing the Federal taxation rate to two lower tax brackets, an end to the federal gun registration program, and importance of family values. The campaign

11766-467: Was held in 2020, which was won by former Veterans Affairs Minister Erin O'Toole on August 24, 2020. Though running for the leadership on a "true blue" platform, O'Toole started to nudge the Conservative Party to the political centre as leader. Despite campaigning against the Liberal government's carbon tax during his leadership campaign, O'Toole reversed his position in April 2021, instead advocating for

11877-483: Was held on November 27, 2000, to elect members to the House of Commons of Canada of the 37th Parliament of Canada . Prime Minister Jean Chrétien 's Liberal Party won a third majority government . Since the previous election of 1997 , small-c conservatives had begun attempts to merge the Reform Party of Canada and the Progressive Conservative Party of Canada as part of the United Alternative agenda. During that time, Jean Charest stepped down as leader of

11988-446: Was not intended as a new political party, but simply as a group caucus. The MPs immediately entered a coalition agreement with the Progressive Conservatives . The PC-DRC Coalition was intended to be PC leader Joe Clark 's framework for proving that the two parties could be united on his terms rather than Day's. To that end, Clark and Strahl tried to propose common policies that would appeal to both PC and Alliance members. Clark remained

12099-604: Was replaced by former Prime Minister Joe Clark who was unpopular in Quebec which resulted in three PC members from Quebec defecting to join the Liberal Party prior to the election. In Quebec the recently passed Clarity Act by the federal government was controversial in that it demanded a clear and concise question on a new referendum on sovereignty. Chrétien defended the Clarity Act and attacked sovereigntist Quebec premier and former Bloc Québécois leader Lucien Bouchard , challenging him to hold another referendum on sovereignty under

12210-406: Was the first Alliance MP formally suspended from caucus for criticizing Day. Over the next two months, 11 other Alliance MPs were either suspended from caucus or resigned. On May 16, Hanger was followed by Chuck Strahl , Gary Lunn , Jim Pankiw , Val Meredith , Grant McNally , Jay Hill and Jim Gouk . In late June, they were joined by Monte Solberg , Andy Burton and Brian Fitzpatrick , and in

12321-545: Was the ongoing leadership feud within the Liberal Party between Chrétien and Finance Minister Paul Martin who wanted to replace Chrétien as Liberal leader and Prime Minister. Due to the regionalized nature of previous elections, the Liberal Party designed its election strategy along regional lines, aiming to take every seat in Ontario, winning seats in Quebec from the Bloc Québécois, and winning seats in Atlantic Canada, while attempting to minimize losses in Western Canada to

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