87-685: A borstal was a type of youth detention centre in the United Kingdom, several member states of the Commonwealth and the Republic of Ireland . In India, such a detention centre is known as a borstal school . Borstals were run by HM Prison Service and were intended to reform young offenders . The word originated from the first such institution established in 1902 near the English village of Borstal in Kent, and
174-575: A police action . In 1956, the Hyderabad State was dissolved —and its Telugu speaking region Telangana was merged with the Andhra State to form Andhra Pradesh . A peasant-driven movement began to advocate for separation from Andhra Pradesh starting in the early 1950s, and continued until Telangana was granted statehood on 2 June 2014. The historic city Golconda in Hyderabad established itself as
261-648: A princely state among the presidencies and provinces of British India . In 1787, heavy flooding killed over 20,000 causing a plague which killed about 10,656,000 people in Telangana. When India became independent from the British Empire in 1947, the Nizam of Hyderabad did not want to merge with the Indian Union and wanted to remain independent. The Government of India annexed Hyderabad State on 17 September 1948 after
348-508: A youth detention center , known as a juvenile detention center ( JDC ), juvenile detention , juvenile jail , juvenile hall , or more colloquially as juvie/juvy or the Juvey Joint , also sometimes referred to as observation home or remand home is a prison for people under the age of majority , to which they have been sentenced and committed for a period of time, or detained on a short-term basis while awaiting trial or placement in
435-559: A diamond trading centre, and until the end of the 19th century, the Golconda market was the primary source of the finest and largest diamonds in the world. Thus, the legendary name Golconda Diamonds became synonymous with Golconda itself. From 230 BCE to 220 CE, the Satavahana dynasty became the dominant power in this area. It originated from the lands between the Godavari and Krishna rivers and
522-405: A juvenile is sent by the courts to a juvenile detention center, there are two types of facilities: secure detention and secure confinement. Secure detention means that juveniles are held for usually short periods of time in facilities in order to await current trial hearings and further placement decisions. By holding juveniles in secure detention, it ensures appearance in court while also keeping
609-635: A large number of juveniles held at both detention centers and confinement facilities are not being served the special education services they should be provided by law. It has been found that many juvenile detention institutions have struggling special education programs, especially for those centers that detain youth for short periods of time. Juvenile Court Schools provide public education for juveniles who are incarcerated in facilities run by county probation departments. These schools are located in juvenile halls, juvenile homes, day centers, ranches, camps, and regional youth education facilities and are operated by
696-498: A literacy rate of 72.8% which is the fourth lowest among large states. It also has the second lowest literacy rate among rural women at 53.7%. 37.1% of the population aged 3–35 years received free education at pre-primary and higher levels in Telangana. The state is divided into 33 districts . The latest two new districts, Mulugu and Narayanpet, were formed on 17 February 2019. The districts are divided into 70 revenue divisions which are further divided into 584 mandals . There are
783-441: A long-term care program. Juveniles go through a separate court system, the juvenile court , which sentences or commits juveniles to a certain program or facility. Some juveniles are released directly back into the community to undergo community-based rehabilitative programs, while others juveniles may pose a greater threat to society and to themselves and therefore are in need of a stay in a supervised juvenile detention center. If
870-507: A military operation called Operation Polo . It appointed a civil servant, M. K. Vellodi , as first chief minister of Hyderabad State on 26 January 1950. He administered the state with the help of English-educated bureaucrats from the Madras and Bombay states, who were familiar with British systems of administration unlike the bureaucrats of Hyderabad State who used a completely different administrative system. The official language of
957-840: A more day-to-day punishment was used in the single borstal in Northern Ireland but was not authorised in Scotland or England and Wales. Confusion on this matter arises perhaps because in approved schools , a quite different kind of youth institution based more on the open "boarding school" model, caning was an official punishment for young people (maximum age 19). A similar system under the name "borstal" or "borstal school" has also been introduced in several other Commonwealth countries . In India , nine states, namely Himachal Pradesh , Jharkhand , Karnataka , Kerala , Maharashtra , Punjab , Rajasthan , Tamil Nadu , and Telangana , have borstal schools in their respective jurisdictions. Tamil Nadu had
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#17328515255901044-583: A national basis and formalised in the Prevention of Crime Act 1908. The regimen in these institutions was designed to be "educational rather than punitive", but it was highly regulated, with a focus on routine, discipline and authority during the early years. Borstal institutions were originally designed to offer education, regular work and discipline, though one commentator has claimed that "more often than not they were breeding grounds for bullies and psychopaths ." The Criminal Justice Act 1982 officially abolished
1131-501: A new state of Telangana gained momentum in the 21st century by an initiative of Kalvakuntla Chandrashekhar Rao from Bharat Rashtra Samithi later joined by the Telangana Political Joint Action Committee (TJAC), including political leadership representing the Telangana area. On 9 December 2009 the government of India announced the process of formation of the Telangana state. Violent protests led by people in
1218-557: A partnership with the See Forever Foundation to provide the educational services of Maya Angelou Academy for the residents. Behavioral health staff oversee the mental health programs. The facility is a 9–12-month program, which is modeled after the very successful Missouri Model. Maya Angelou Academy was founded in 2008, first at Oak Hill Youth Center, and now is the education program serving DYRS committed youth at New Beginnings Youth Development Center. Maya Angelou Academy
1305-638: A place of detention for youths between 17 and 21 for any sentence which carried a prison term. The only borstal in the state was based for most of its existence in Clonmel , in County Tipperary . Founded in 1906, it finally closed in 1956, when the remaining detainees were transferred to the newly established St. Patrick's Institution in Dublin . Industrial schools performed a similar function to borstals. Youth detention centre In criminal justice systems ,
1392-546: A private facility. In 1870, Long Lane School was built on donated land in Middletown . However, it became the Connecticut Juvenile Training School (CJTS) in 2003. CJTS is a treatment facility dedicated to delinquent boys from age 12–17. There have been numerous controversies and scandals associated with CJTS between 1998 and 2005. In 2005, Governor Jodi Rell attempted to close the facility, but it
1479-482: A range of services and placements for their committed youth. The secure centers that DYRS operates are Youth Services Center (YSC) and New Beginnings Youth Development Center. YSC is the District's secure detention center. New Beginnings Youth Development Center is a secure confinement facility for the District's committed youth. YSC is operated by DYRS as the District of Columbia's secure juvenile detention center, which
1566-518: A resolution to recommend the formation of a separate Telangana state. After various stages the bill was placed in the Parliament of India in February 2014. In February 2014, Andhra Pradesh Reorganisation Act, 2014 bill was passed by the Parliament of India for the formation of Telangana state, comprising ten districts from north-western Andhra Pradesh. The bill received the assent of the president and
1653-418: A result, the system has become overcrowded, often leading to a shortage of available beds. Overcrowding exists in many facilities for juveniles, and in overcrowded juvenile detention centers and correctional facilities increased violence can occur. Furthermore, overcrowding can lead to a shortage of necessary and promised programs and services in the facility. Underfunding an overcrowded facility can lead to
1740-498: A scholar of history, the name Telangana is of Gondi origin. Rao asserts that it is derived from "Telangadh", which means "south" in Gondi and has been referred in "Gond script dating back to about 2000 years". One of the earliest uses of a word similar to Telangana can also be seen in a name of Malik Maqbul Tilangani (14th century CE), who was called the Tilangani , which implies that he
1827-470: A set of rules. The rules at the Court Schools differ from those at traditional schools; they are more punitive. Two major concerns in regard to juvenile detention centers and long-term confinement facilities have been raised: overcrowding and ineffectiveness. As the number of juvenile cases has increased in the past 15 years, so has the number of juveniles spending time in secure and confined facilities. As
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#17328515255901914-445: A shortage of services for the youth, such as education and mental health services. Apart from overcrowding, the overall efficacy of juvenile secure facilities in the life of youth has been questioned. The high juvenile recidivism rate has caused many critics to question the overall efficacy of secure detention centers and confinement facilities. Some Youth Detention Centers have earned a street term, known as "Gladiator Schools" by
2001-455: A total of 10,909 revenue villages and 12,769 gram panchayats in the state. The districts in the state are: There are a total of 12 cities in the state. Hyderabad is the biggest city in the state and 4th largest city in India . There are 13 municipal corporations and 132 municipalities in the state. Telangana is governed by a parliamentary system of representative democracy , a feature
2088-526: Is a semi-arid area and has a predominantly hot and dry climate. Summers start in March, and peak in mid-April with average high temperatures in the 37–38 °C (99–100 °F) range. The monsoon arrives in June and lasts until Late-September with about 755 mm (29.7 inches) of precipitation. A dry, mild winter starts in late November and lasts until early February with little humidity and average temperatures in
2175-520: Is a wide variety a short term or long term stay. There is a grave presence of juveniles who are classified as youth with disabilities. The disabilities most prevalent in incarcerated juveniles include intellectual disabilities , learning disabilities , and emotional disturbances . Surveys and studies have found that a high number of incarcerated youth suffer from emotional disturbance disabilities as opposed to youth in general public schools. Even with key court decisions and acts, it has been found that
2262-588: Is also the main administrative center of many Indian defence aerospace and research labs including Bharat Dynamics Limited , Defence Metallurgical Research Laboratory , Defence Research and Development Organisation and Defence Research and Development Laboratory . One popular etymology derives the word "Telangana" from Trilinga desha ("land of three lingas "), a region named after 3 important Shaivite shrines present in it: Kaleshwaram (present day Telangana), Srisailam and Draksharama (present day Andhra Pradesh ). According to Jayadheer Tirumala Rao ,
2349-411: Is called Hyderabadi Urdu , which in itself is a dialect of the larger Dakhini Urdu dialects of South India. Although the language is spoken by most Hyderabadi Muslims, the language in a literary context has long been lost, and standard Urdu is used. Hindi is spoken mainly in Hyderabad, as well as some other urban areas like Warangal. Lambadi , a language related to Rajasthani dialects , is used across
2436-771: Is drained by two major rivers, with about 79% of the Godavari River catchment area and about 69% of the Krishna River catchment area, but most of the land is arid. Telangana is also drained by several minor rivers such as the Bhima , the Maner , the Manjira , the Musi , and the Tungabhadra . The annual rainfall is between 900 and 1500mm in northern Telangana and 700 to 900mm in southern Telangana, from
2523-456: Is not intended to be punitive. Rather, juveniles held in secure custody usually receive care consistent with the doctrine of parens patriae , i.e., the state as parent. The state or local jurisdiction is usually responsible for providing education, recreation, health, assessment, counseling and other intervention services with the intent of maintaining a youth's well-being during his or her stay in custody. Generally speaking, secure detention
2610-646: Is part of the Maya Angelou Charter School Network in the DC area. The academy provides a safe, structured, and intensive learning environment to the youth it serves at New Beginnings Youth Development Center. PA Child Care is a detention center in Pennsylvania, US. It was part of the Kids for cash scandal in which judges were given kickbacks in exchange for imposing harsh sentences on youth offenders so that
2697-449: Is reserved for juveniles considered to be a threat to public safety or the court process, though in many cases, youths are held for violating a court order . Status offenders , i.e., juveniles charged with running away from home, alcohol possession, and other offenses that are not crimes if committed by adults, may only be held for 24 hours or less, while initial case investigation is completed, and other alternatives are arranged. Within
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2784-515: Is sometimes used loosely to apply to other kinds of youth institutions and reformatories, such as approved schools and youth detention centres . The court sentence was officially called "borstal training". Borstals were originally for offenders under 21, but in the 1930s the maximum age was increased to 23. The Criminal Justice Act 1982 abolished the borstal system in the UK, replacing borstals with youth custody centres. In India, borstal schools are used for
2871-429: Is the eleventh largest state and the twelfth most populated state in India as per the 2011 census . On 2 June 2014, the area was separated from the northwestern part of United Andhra Pradesh as the newly formed state of Telangana , with Hyderabad as its capital. Telugu , one of the classical languages of India , is the most widely spoken and the primary official language of the state. The economy of Telangana
2958-471: Is the ninth-largest in India, with a gross state domestic product (GSDP) of ₹ 15.02 trillion (US$ 180 billion) and has a GSDP per capita of ₹ 356,564 (US$ 4,300) for the financial year 2023-24. Telangana scored 0.705 on the Human Development Index during 2017-2018. The state has emerged as a major focal point for IT software companies, industry and the services sector . The state
3045-459: Is the responsibility of case management to decide what type of intervention strategy works best for each youth in his or her mental health treatment plan. Mental health services that can be provided to the youth include, individual counseling, group counseling, crisis counseling, family intervention, medication management, and transition planning. Education is seen by many as the cornerstone of youth rehabilitation. Many landmark court cases, such as
3132-486: The Asaf Jahi dynasty . He named the area Hyderabad Deccan . Subsequent rulers retained the title Nizam ul-Mulk and were called Asif Jahi Nizams or nizams of Hyderabad . Hyderabad Nizams remained the tributary of marathas after suffering series of defeats paying annual chauth in return for retaining their domain. The Medak and Warangal divisions of Telangana were part of their realm. When Asif Jah I died in 1748, there
3219-611: The Bhongir Fort . According to the 2011 census, Telangana's literacy rate is 66.46%. Male literacy and female literacy are 74.95% and 57.92%, respectively. Hyderabad district has the highest literacy rate with 80.96% and Mahabubnagar district has the lowest with 56.06%. In a 2019 report, the Key Indicators of Household Social Consumption on Education in India , by the Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation, Telangana has
3306-533: The Coastal Andhra and Rayalseema regions occurred immediately after the announcement, and the decision was put on hold on 23 December 2009. The movement continued in Hyderabad and other districts of Telangana. There were hundreds of claimed suicides, strikes, protests and disturbances to public life demanding separate statehood. On 30 July 2013, the Congress Working Committee unanimously passed
3393-1403: The Eastern Ghats in the eastern part of the state. Telangana has three National Parks : Kasu Brahmananda Reddy National Park in Hyderabad district , and Mahavir Harina Vanasthali National Park and Mrugavani National Park in Ranga Reddy district . Wildlife Sanctuaries in Telangana include Eturunagaram Wildlife Sanctuary and Pakhal Wildlife Sanctuary in Warangal District , Kawal Tiger Reserve and Pranahita Wildlife Sanctuary in Adilabad district , Kinnerasani Wildlife Sanctuary in Khammam district, Manjira Wildlife Sanctuary in Medak district , Nagarjunsagar-Srisailam Tiger Reserve in Nalgonda and Mahbubnagar districts , Pocharam Wildlife Sanctuary in Medak and Nizamabad districts, Shivaram Wildlife Sanctuary in Karimnagar district . Sacred groves are small areas of forest preserved by local people. Sacred groves provide sanctuary to
3480-439: The classical languages of India , is the official language of Telangana and Urdu is the second official language of the state. About 75% of the population of Telangana speak Telugu and 12% speak Urdu . Before 1948, Urdu was the official language of Hyderabad State , and due to a lack of Telugu-language educational institutions, Urdu was the language of the educated elite of Telangana. After 1948, once Hyderabad State joined
3567-691: The "Broken Windows" theory of crime. This theory analogizes the spread of crime to a few broken windows in a building that go un-repaired and consequently attract vagrants who break more windows and soon become squatters". Stephen Hoffman in his article, "Zero Benefit: Estimating the Effect of Zero Tolerance Discipline Policies on Racial Disparities in School Discipline" states that, "...zero tolerance discipline policies are associated with poorer school climate, lower student achievement, higher dropout rates…" At Juvenile Court Schools, students are expected to follow
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3654-496: The 1981 case of Green v. Johnson , have given way to juveniles receiving their educational rights while incarcerated. Green v. Johnson (1981) ruled that incarcerated students do not have to give up their rights to an education while incarcerated. Despite research stating the need for strong educational programs in juvenile detention facilities, there does not exist a uniform standard for education in juvenile facilities as education settings in juvenile facilities greatly vary across
3741-594: The 22–23 °C (72–73 °F) range. The Central Deccan Plateau dry deciduous forests ecoregion covers much of the state, including Hyderabad. The characteristic vegetation is woodlands of Hardwickia binata and Albizia amara . Over 80% of the original forest cover has been cleared for agriculture, timber harvesting, or cattle grazing, but large blocks of forest can be found in Nagarjunsagar-Srisailam Tiger Reserve and elsewhere. The more humid Eastern Highlands moist deciduous forests cover
3828-1063: The Chhattisgarh border. Religion in Telangana (2011) According to the 2011 census, Hindus form 85.1% of the State's population. Muslims form 12.7% and Christians form 1.3%. Religious edifices like the Lakshmi Narasimha Temple in Yadadri Bhuvanagiri district , Makkah Masjid in Hyderabad, the ancient Bhadrakali Temple and Govinda Rajula Gutta in Warangal, Alampur Jogulamba Temple in Jogulamba Gadwal district and Medak Cathedral , Kondagattu Anjaneya Swamy Temple , Kothakonda Veerabhadra Swamy Temple, Lord Shiva temple in Vemulawada of Rajanna-Sircilla district are several of its most famous places of worship. Buddhism also flourished in
3915-565: The Golconda Sultanate came under the rule of the Mughal emperor Aurangzeb after a year-long siege of the Golconda fort. During the early seventeenth century a strong cotton-weaving industry existed in Telangana. Large quantities of cotton were produced for domestic and exports consumption. High quality plain and patterned cloth made of muslin and calico was produced. In 1712, Qamar-ud-din Khan
4002-781: The Kakatiya dynasty. The dynasty weakened with the attack of Malik Kafur in 1309 and was dissolved after the defeat of Prataparudra by the forces of Muhammad bin Tughluq in 1323. The area came under the rule of the Delhi Sultanate in the 14th century, followed by the Bahmani Sultanate . Quli Qutb Mulk , a governor of Golconda, revolted against the Bahmani Sultanate and established the Qutb Shahi dynasty in 1518. On 21 September 1687,
4089-476: The Oak Hill Youth Center, which was located .5 miles (0.80 km) away in unincorporated Anne Arundel County. The main goal of New Beginnings is to provide residents with 24-hour supervision as well as programs and services that allow for successful transitions back into the DC community. The services provided include educational, recreation, medical, dental, and mental health programs. DYRS created
4176-486: The borstal system in the UK, introducing youth custody centres instead. As society had changed the system was then already outdated especially since the late 1960s and early 1970s, with many borstals being closed and replaced with institutions called Detention Centres and, from 1972, also with Community Service Order sentences. Except in Northern Ireland , the only corporal punishment officially available in borstals
4263-518: The capital of the state of Telangana, and a new capital was selected for Andhra Pradesh. Andhra Pradesh picked Amaravati as its capital and relocated its secretariat in 2016 and its legislature in 2017. Telangana is situated on the Deccan Plateau , in the central stretch of the eastern seaboard of the Indian Peninsula. It covers 112,077 square kilometres (43,273 sq mi). The region
4350-485: The categories of secure detention and secure confinement for juveniles, the overarching name of these facilities is residential programs. Five overarching types of residential programs where a juvenile may be placed while in court custody: The Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention found the five types of residential programs for juveniles to be a broad range, which included detention, corrections, camp, community based, and residential treatment. The reason for
4437-430: The community safe and risk-free of the juvenile. This type of facility is usually called a "juvenile hall," which is a holding center for juvenile delinquents. On the other hand, secure confinement implies that the juvenile has been committed by the court into the custody of a secure juvenile correctional facility for the duration of a specific program, which can span from a few months to many years. Juvenile detention
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#17328515255904524-830: The country. The overseer of the school within the juvenile facility differs from state to state. Some schools within juvenile detention facilities are decentralized, some are centralized and run by school districts, and others are overseen by a State education agency. There is a large percentage of incarcerated juveniles who are diagnosed as students with special needs. Under the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA), youths with disabilities in correctional facilities are entitled to special education and related services regardless of incarceration status. The Office of Special Education Programs (OSEP) requires State Education Agencies to ensure that special education services are being provided at juvenile facilities. Being that there
4611-652: The county board of education. Even though court schools have the same school curriculum, they are often more strict in discipline that is more punitive than holistic. The most disadvantaged and "troubled" students are filling up schools in the juvenile justice system. These students are often further behind in credits and with more personal and structural problems than their counterparts at traditional schools. The majority of these teenagers struggle with learning disabilities, which ties with noticeable behavioral problems, and are experiencing emotional and psychological problems at home. Zero tolerance policies seem to be more strict in
4698-498: The detention centers would get business. Nation specific: Telangana Telangana ( / ˌ t ɛ l ə n ˈ ɡ ɑː n ə / ; ISO : Telaṅgāṇa Telugu: [ˈtelaŋɡaːɳa] ; ALA-LC : Tilaṉgānah Urdu: [ˈtɪləŋɡɑːna] ) is a state in India situated in the south-central part of the Indian peninsula on the high Deccan Plateau . It
4785-527: The educational systems in juvenile detention centers. Many institutions do not provide basic education services, and in others, children only receive a fraction of the state-mandated instructional time, and classes are not based on a coherent curriculum.(Katherine Twomey, The right to Education in Juvenile Detention Under State Constitutions, p. 766). Some facilities do not have designated classrooms, libraries, or even books, and
4872-606: The essential mental health, emotional, physical, and social needs of the youth. YSC provides a secure and humane environment and coordinates all court meetings and team meetings for its youth. Above all else, YSC makes certain that the protection of the legal rights of the juveniles are being upheld. New Beginnings Youth Development Center is another secure DYRS operation. The center is a 60-bed, all-male secure center for DC's most serious youth delinquents. The $ 46 million facility opened in 2009 in unincorporated Anne Arundel County, Maryland , near Laurel . New Beginnings replaced
4959-402: The first such institution was established at Borstal Prison in a village called Borstal , near Rochester, Kent , England, in 1902. Although originally created to be a typical prison, Borstal evolved into something new, with the name still recognised today. The redesigned prison regime focused on education rather than punishment, aiming to avoid inmates reoffending. The system was developed on
5046-467: The foundation of rehabilitating the youth, different mental health programs are provided by facilities to help the youth rehabilitate. It is the expectation that juvenile detention centers and juvenile institutions provide mental health services to their residents. The incarcerated youth population requires careful and structured intervention, which must be provided by the facilities. Many different mental health treatment strategies exist for juveniles. It
5133-499: The highest capacity, at 678 inmates (as of 2014). Himachal Pradesh and Kerala are the only states that have the capacity to lodge female inmates in two of their borstal schools. There are no borstal schools in any of the union territories . In Ireland the Criminal Justice Act, 1960 (Section 12) removed the term "borstal" from official use. This was part of a policy to broaden the system from reform and training institutions to
5220-410: The imprisonment of minors . As of 31 December 2014, there were twenty functioning borstal schools in India, with a combined total capacity of 2,108 inmates. The Gladstone Committee (1895) first proposed the concept of the borstal, wishing to separate youths from older convicts in adult prisons. It was the task of Sir Evelyn Ruggles-Brise (1857–1935), a prison commissioner, to introduce the system, and
5307-650: The juvenile justice system than in other traditional schools. In a juvenile court school, when a student violates a zero tolerance rule they automatically are prone to suspension and eventually going back to a detention center for its violation. In contrast, a student from a traditional school is more likely to get a second chance for its violation. Zero Tolerance policies are enforced in a greater manner in juvenile court schools than in other traditional schools. The rules at Juvenile Court Schools are strict and are based on zero tolerance policies. Zero Tolerance Policies may serve more to "push students further out of school and into
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#17328515255905394-577: The king's hospitable board. The word "Telinga" changed over time to "Telangana" and the name "Telangana" was designated to distinguish the predominantly Telugu-speaking region of the erstwhile Hyderabad State from its predominantly Marathi -speaking one, Marathwada . It is also called "The land of Telugu people". After Asaf Jahi 's ceded the Seemandhra region to the British, the rest of the Telugu region retained
5481-589: The local feudal landlords ( jagirdars and deshmukhs ) and later against the Nizam Osman Ali Khan . The violent phase of the movement ended after the government of India's Operation Polo . Starting in 1951, the CPI shifted to a more moderate strategy of seeking to bring communism to India within the framework of Indian democracy. In December 1953, the States Reorganisation Commission (SRC)
5568-903: The local flora and fauna. Some are included within other protected areas, like Kadalivanam in Nagarjunsagar–Srisailam Tiger Reserve, but most stand alone. There are 65 sacred groves in Telangana—two in Adilabad district, thirteen in Hyderabad district, four in Karimnagar district, four in Khammam district , nine in Mahbubnagar district, four in Medak district , nine in Nalgonda district, ten in Ranga Reddy district , and three in Warangal district. Languages of Telangana (2011) Telugu , one of
5655-409: The name Telangana and the other parts were called Madras Presidency's Circars and Ceded. Throughout antiquity and the Middle ages, the Telangana region was part of multiple Indian empires; such as the Mauryans , Satavahanas , Vishnukundinas , Chalukyas , Cholas , Rashtrakutas , Kakatiyas , Delhi Sultanate , Bahmani Sultanate and Golconda Sultanate . During the 17th—19th centuries, the region
5742-525: The new Republic of India, Telugu became the language of government, and as Telugu was introduced as the medium of instruction in schools and colleges, the use of Urdu among non- Hyderabadi Muslims decreased. Both Telugu and Urdu are used in services across the state, such as the Telangana Legislature website, with Telugu and Urdu versions of the website available, as well as the Hyderabad metro, wherein both languages are used on station names and signs along with English and Hindi. The Urdu spoken in Telangana
5829-441: The post. The Telangana Rebellion was a peasant revolt supported by the communists . It originated in the Telangana regions of the Hyderabad State between 1946 and 1951, led by the Communist Party of India (CPI). The revolt began in the Nalgonda district against the feudal lords of Reddy and Velama castes. It quickly spread to the Warangal and Bidar districts. Peasant farmers and labourers revolted against
5916-648: The programs and services provided to the youth are geared toward the juvenile's needs. At the core, juvenile facilities function as rehabilitative institutions for youth. Education is seen by many as the primary rehabilitative service that must be provided to detained youth. Highly effective schools within juvenile facilities provide high school curriculum, opportunities for General Equivalency Diploma (GED) preparation, special education services , certified teachers, small student to teacher ratio, connection with families, and vocational training opportunities. Despite state and federal requirements, there are many problems with
6003-535: The region and many Aramams can be found. Hyderabadi cuisine and Kakatiya architecture both from Telangana, are on the list of creativity UNESCO creative city of gastronomy and UNESCO World Heritage Site . The cultural centers of Telangana, Hyderabad and Warangal, are noted for their wealth and renowned historical structures – Ramappa Temple ( UNESCO World Heritage Site ), Charminar , Qutb Shahi Tombs , Falaknuma Palace , Chowmahalla Palace , Warangal Fort , Kakatiya Kala Thoranam , Thousand Pillar Temple and
6090-502: The school-to-prison pipeline than to re engage them". Students are being harshly punished for minor incidents that should be fixed without having to involve severe consequences. Zero tolerance policies have taken over the role of education. The definition of Zero Tolerance Policies is described in the article, A Study of Zero Tolerance Policies in Schools: A Multi-Integrated Systems Approach to Improve Outcomes for Adolescents, as "…a widespread application to minor offenses can be attributed to
6177-424: The southwest monsoons . Telangana contains various soil types, some of which are red sandy loams (Chalaka), Red loamy sands (Dubba), lateritic soils, salt-affected soils, alluvial soils, shallow to medium black soils and very deep black cotton soils. These soil types allow the planting of a variety of fruits and vegetable crops such as mangoes, oranges, coconut, sugarcane, paddy, banana and flower crops. Telangana
6264-526: The state was switched from Urdu to English . In 1952, Dr. Burgula Ramakrishna Rao was elected chief minister of the Hyderabad State in its first democratic election. During this time, there were violent agitations by some Telanganites to send the Madras state bureaucrats back and implement a rule by the natives ( mulkis ) of Hyderabad (Syed Alam Sharjil) was elected chief minister of Hyderabad after (Dr. Burgula Ramakrishana Rao) for one year after he resigned from
6351-529: The state. Marathi is predominant in regions bordering Maharashtra, especially in the old Adilabad district , while Kannada is spoken by significant minorities along some parts of the Karnataka border. The old Adilabad district has a large number of speakers of tribal languages such as Gondi and Kolami , while Koya is a language spoken by significant numbers in Bhadradi Kothagudem district and along
6438-718: The teachers are often poorly trained, and are not trained in how to deal with special needs of children in detention. (Id. at 767.) Despite these shortcomings, there have been very few consequences to states for violating the requirements of the No Child Left Behind Act, (Id. at 779.); therefore, states do not have much incentive to improve standards to achieve compliance. There is a long-standing connection found in research between youth who commit crimes and mental health concerns. A remarkably high population of juveniles present serious mental health illness within juvenile facilities. Since juvenile detention facilities operate on
6525-404: The unified state of Andhra Pradesh on 1 November 1956. G.O 553 of 1959 from the united Andhra Pradesh state moved two revenue divisions of Bhadrachalam from East Godavari and Aswaraopeta from West Godavari to Khammam for administrative convenience. There had been several movements to revoke the merger of Telangana and Andhra, major ones occurring in 1969, 1972, and 2009. The movement for
6612-554: The wards who were incarcerated there. An oral history of stories from inside the California Youth Authority is documented by David Reeve (2017-2024). " Gladiator School: Stories from Inside YTS (An oral history from those who were incarcerated in the California Youth Authority)". There were 45,567 total juveniles in detention facilities in 2016. 32,301 juveniles were in a public facility. 13,266 were in
6699-471: The wide variety in placement options of juveniles is that there does not currently exist a uniform definition of residential treatment programs. As a result, this creates a lack of uniformity across states and a large variety of names for secure detention and secure confinement centers for juveniles. Many services are supposed to be provided to the youth at both detention centers and confinement facilities. Services vary from facility to facility, but in general
6786-513: Was appointed by emperor Farrukhsiyar as the viceroy of Deccan with the title Nizam-ul-Mulk (meaning "Administrator of the Realm"). He was later recalled to Delhi, with Mubariz Khan appointed as the viceroy. In 1724, Qamar-ud-din Khan defeated Mubariz Khan to reclaim the Deccan suba, establishing it as an autonomous province of the Mughal empire. He took the name Asif Jah , starting what came to be known as
6873-409: Was appointed to form states on a linguistic basis. An agreement was reached between Telangana leaders and Andhra leaders on 20 February 1956 to merge Telangana and Andhra with promises to safeguard Telangana's interests. After reorganisation in 1956, the region of Telangana was merged with Andhra State to form Andhra Pradesh. Following this Gentlemen's agreement , the central government established
6960-610: Was based at Amaravathi and Dharanikota. After the decline of the Satavahanas, various dynasties, such as the Vakataka , Vishnukundina , Chalukya , Rashtrakuta and Western Chalukya , ruled the area. The Telangana area experienced its golden age during the reign of the Kakatiya dynasty , which ruled most parts of the present-day Andhra Pradesh and Telangana from 1083 to 1323 CE. Rudrama Devi and Prataparudra II were prominent rulers from
7047-588: Was from Telangana. He was the commander of the Warangal Fort ( Kataka Pāludu ) and later Wazir — Minister under Firuz Shah Tughlaq . A 16th-century travel writer, Firishta , recorded in his book: During the just reign of Ibrahim Kootb Shah , Tulingana , like Egypt , became the mart of the whole world. Merchants from Toorkistan, Arabia, and Persia resorted to it; and they met with such encouragement that they found in it inducements to return frequently. The greatest luxuries from foreign parts daily abounded at
7134-580: Was instead reformed in 2008 by The Department of Children & Families . The new CJTS features a therapeutic model which was developed with assistance from The Boys & Girls Clubs of America . The school was shut down without replacement in 2018. The Department of Youth Rehabilitation Services (DYRS) is the District of Columbia's head juvenile justice agency and is responsible for placing DC community youth who are in its oversight in detention, commitment, and aftercare programs. DYRS offers and operates
7221-481: Was opened in 2004. It is an 88-bed facility for male and female detained (not committed) youth who have been accused of delinquent acts and are awaiting their court hearings. YSC's meets the required needs of the youth it serves. Education services in YSC are provided by the District of Columbia Public Schools (DCPS), which delivers a range of services to the residents. The facility also provides programs and services to meet
7308-453: Was political unrest due to contention for the throne among his sons, who were aided by opportunistic neighbouring states and colonial foreign forces. In 1769, Hyderabad city became the formal capital of the Nizams. The Nizam Nasir-ud-dawlah, Asaf Jah IV signed the subsidiary alliance with the British in 1799 and lost its control over the state's defence and foreign affairs. Hyderabad State became
7395-534: Was published in the Gazette on 1 March 2014. The state of Telangana was officially formed on 2 June 2014. Kalvakuntla Chandrashekar Rao was elected as the first chief minister of Telangana, following elections in which the Bharat Rashtra Samithi party secured a majority. Hyderabad would remain as the joint capital of both Telangana and Andhra Pradesh for a period. Within the decade, Hyderabad would become
7482-728: Was ruled by the Mughals and Nizam of Hyderabad . In 1823, the Nizam's ceded Northern Circars —( Coastal Andhra ) and Ceded Districts —( Rayalseema ) to the British India under subsidiary alliance which reduced it to that of a landlocked princely state bounded on all sides by the British India. Following the Indian Independence in 1947—the Hyderabad state joined the Union of India in 1948 after
7569-622: Was the birch for mutiny or assaulting an officer, and this could be imposed only by the visiting magistrates, subject in each case to the personal approval of the Home Secretary , just as in adult prisons. Only male inmates over 18 might be so punished. This power was very rarely used – there were only seven birching cases in borstals in the 10 years to 1936. This birching power was available only in England and Wales (not in Scottish borstals). Caning as
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