80-455: Moabit ( German: [moaˈbiːt] ) is an inner city locality in the borough of Mitte , Berlin , Germany. As of 2022, about 84,000 people lived in Moabit. First inhabited in 1685 and incorporated into Berlin in 1861, the former industrial and working-class neighbourhood is fully surrounded by three watercourses, which define its present-day border. Between 1945 and 1990, Moabit
160-664: A conservative imperial constitution based on the Prussian three-class electoral system. Ernst August I of Hanover and Friedrich August II of Saxony, however, only heeded the King's request while absolutist Austria was tied up with uprisings in Hungary . Since eight individual German states, including the Kingdom of Bavaria and the Kingdom of Württemberg , did not participate in the Erfurt Union from
240-640: A crusade against the ideas of the Enlightenment and the French Revolution. In many pieces of correspondence from the period, the Crown Prince wrote about religious experiences using elements of the Pietist revivalist movement, including the subjective experience of God, the power of personal prayer and individual striving for salvation and redemption. Frederick William was a Romanticist , and his devotion to
320-449: A formal designation by applying the term inner city to such residential areas , rather than to more geographically central commercial districts , often referred to by terms like downtown or city centre . The term inner city first achieved consistent usage through the writings of white liberal Protestants in the U.S. after World War II , contrasting with the growing affluent suburbs . According to urban historian Bench Ansfield,
400-482: A historically legitimate framework, inspired by the ancient laws and customs of the Holy Roman Empire , which had been dissolved under Napoleon in 1806. He was a draftsman interested in both architecture and landscape gardening and was a patron of several great German artists, including architect Karl Friedrich Schinkel and composer Felix Mendelssohn . In 1823 he married Elisabeth Ludovika of Bavaria . Since she
480-454: A letter dated 13 December 1848, Frederick William stated to the Prussian ambassador to England, Christian Charles Josias von Bunsen : Such an imaginary hoop [the crown] baked from dirt and weeds – should a legitimate king of Prussia be pleased with it? [...] I tell you bluntly: If the thousand-year-old crown of the German nation, which has been dormant for 42 years, is to be awarded once again, it
560-565: A medieval-feudal relationship of loyalty between the Prussian people and the monarch, making the liberal reform of the state along the lines of the French constitutional-parliamentary model superfluous. He believed that he derived his close ties to his people from the divine right of grace, which gave him a "sacred insight into the needs of his subjects". Any restriction of his de facto absolutist power seemed to him to be an irresponsible obstruction of his divinely ordained mission. Frederick William IV
640-446: A mental illness". It is likely that psychopathological abnormalities occurred before the strokes he suffered, making him barely able to perform his government offices. The strokes, which began on 14 July 1857, affected his speech centre. After Prince William 's term acting as deputy for the King had been extended three times, the ailing Frederick William signed a regency charter for him on 7 October 1858, based on an expert opinion from
720-766: A migration background, making it one of the highest percentages alongside Gesundbrunnen , Neukölln , Kreuzberg and Wedding . Moabit is mentioned in countless books and films taking place in Germany or Berlin, primarily in reference to criminal court cases or incarcerations at the Central Criminal Court (Kriminalgericht) and detention centre. The district features briefly in Jonathan Franzen 's 2015 novel Purity and also extensively in Dan Fesperman's 2018 novel Safe Houses. The Berlin-based band No Nebraska! released
800-669: A moderate policy of easing press censorship, releasing political prisoners and reconciling with the Catholic population of the kingdom. During the German revolutions of 1848–1849 , he was initially forced to accommodate the people's revolutionary sentiments, although he rejected the title of Emperor of the Germans offered by the Frankfurt Parliament in 1849, believing that it did not have the right to make such an offer. In December 1848 he dissolved
880-423: A number of other notable political events during his time on the throne: In his final years, the King was affected by a serious illness, the symptoms of which, from the perspective of the medical knowledge of the era, appeared to be a "mental illness". According to current medical knowledge, Friedrich Wilhelm suffered from a "cerebral vascular disease", a "cerebral arteriosclerosis", which "could not be described as
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#1732855210968960-529: A period in which the European monarchies were confronted with the revolutionary challenge of the French Revolution . By calling the dynastic tradition into question, the execution of Louis XVI in 1793 helped create the conditions for Frederick William's later political orientation towards historical continuity and tradition. Since there was a danger that he and his younger brother William might be captured by
1040-421: A representative of the principle of monarchical legitimacy, he detested the idea of a unilateral taking of power that would have violated the historical rights of other German monarchs. The crown offered by representatives of the people was furthermore unacceptable to Frederick William, whose monarchical self-image was based on the traditional idea of divine right and who rejected the idea of popular sovereignty. In
1120-573: A revolutionary movement throughout Europe. Frederick William IV called for a congress of German states that was to meet in Dresden on 25 March. By discussing reform of the German Confederation , the King hoped to appease the people's revolutionary sentiments, but before he could implement his plans, they were overtaken by the events of the revolution in Berlin. The sound of the fighting could be heard in
1200-459: A song entitled "Moabit is an Island" on their EP "Serves Six" in 2007. Inner city The term inner city (also called the hood ) has been used, especially in the United States, as a euphemism for majority-minority lower-income residential districts that often refer to rundown neighborhoods, in a downtown or city centre area. Sociologists sometimes turn the euphemism into
1280-639: Is I and those like me who will award it. King Frederick Augustus II of Saxony provoked an uprising in Dresden in May 1849 by refusing to accept the Frankfurt Constitution. He wrote a letter to the Prussian king urging him to put down the uprising by force. On 5 May 1849, Frederick William sent Prussian troops to Dresden under Colonel Friedrich von Waldersee , who took control of the city on 9 May. Seven hundred revolutionaries were taken prisoner and 250 killed in
1360-596: Is disputed. According to one account, it can be traced back to the Huguenots , in the time of King Frederick William I of Prussia . These French refugees are said to have named their new residence in reference to the Biblical description of the Israelites in the country of Moab , where they stayed before being allowed to enter Canaan . Other possible origins include the German ( Berlin dialect ) "Moorjebiet" (swamp area). In
1440-448: Is not your job to represent opinions, to want to bring the opinions of the times to the fore. ... That is completely un-German and, beyond that, completely impractical." The majority of the deputies nevertheless did not see themselves as representatives of the estates but of the Prussian people. On 20 April 1847, the parliament sent an address to the King calling for a regular convocation. Laws, they wrote, should only come into force with
1520-519: The Berlin Palace . Although the Berlin barricade battle was one of the most costly incidents of the March Revolution , with 300 casualties among the demonstrators at the hands of Prussian troops, the King rejected any responsibility and instead spread the false report of a foreign conspiracy in his manifesto 'To my dear Berliners': "A gang of villains, mostly consisting of foreigners, ... has become
1600-734: The Federal Convention of the German Confederation to form a national constitutional assembly which would write a new constitution for the Confederation. Elections were held for it on 1 May 1848. Of the 379 members who attended the Frankfurt Parliament 's first session on 18 May, 132 were from Prussia. The Prussian National Assembly rejected the Camphausen government's draft constitution on 20 June 1848. Left-wing forces then began to assert themselves more and more clearly. The words "by
1680-683: The Frankfurt Constitution would have required German-speaking Austria to have a separate constitution, government and administration from the rest of the Empire. On 28 March 1849, the Assembly elected Frederick William IV as Emperor of the Germans, but he refused the crown. In a letter to a confidant, he wrote: "I can call God to witness that I do not want it, for the simple reason that Austria will then be separated from Germany." The exclusion of Austria would have ruined Frederick William IV's vision of
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#17328552109681760-573: The Museum für Gegenwart . The Center for Art and Urbanism (ZK/U) is located on the grounds of the Stadtgarten Moabit, in the former Berlin-Moabit freight station. For a long time, Moabit was sparsely inhabited. Its population grew considerably after its incorporation into Berlin in 1861: Moabit's modern-day population is among Berlin's most diverse. As of 2022, out of 84,148 inhabitants, 29,533 (35.10%) were non-German citizens. 46,113 (54.80%) had
1840-537: The Nobel Laureate Werner Forssmann , Lydia Rabinowitsch-Kempner and the resistance fighter Georg Groscurth . A first prison, the Zellengefängnis (Cell Prison) on Lehrter Strasse was built between 1842 and 1849 by order of King Frederick William IV of Prussia , according to the " separate system " of Pentonville Prison . In 1878 Max Hödel , who had shot at Emperor Wilhelm I of Germany ,
1920-501: The Prussian National Assembly when he found its constitutional proposals too radical. At the urging of his ministry, which wanted to prevent a renewal of unrest, he imposed a constitution with a parliament and a strong monarch. He then used the Prussian military to help put down revolutionary forces throughout the German Confederation . Frederick William IV had an artistic nature and an interest in architecture. He extended
2000-513: The Ruhr region , Silesia and Berlin slowly developed into centres of industrialisation. In spite of his politically backward-looking attitude, Frederick William supported the technological progress brought about by the Industrial Revolution , notably by using government bonds to promote the expansion of the railway network. The rapid industrial growth was accompanied by social tensions to which
2080-544: The clearing out of blighted areas in inner cities to create opportunities for higher class housing, businesses, and more. In Canada, in the 1970s, the government introduced Neighbourhood Improvement Programs to deal with urban decay, especially in inner cities. Also, some inner-city areas in various places have undergone the socioeconomic process of gentrification , especially since the 1990s. Frederick William IV of Prussia Frederick William IV ( German : Friedrich Wilhelm IV. ; 15 October 1795 – 2 January 1861),
2160-450: The "principle of the estates " that he advocated. The high point of Frederick William's youth was his participation in the campaigns against Napoleon in the Wars of Liberation of 1813/1814 that pushed the French out of Germany. In his experience with war, which showed him to be an indifferent soldier, the boundaries between patriotism and religious fervour became blurred. He saw the conflict as
2240-555: The 13th century the waste area along the road to Spandau known as Grosse Stadtheide ("great city heath ") was a hunting ground of the electors of Brandenburg . Settlement began in 1685 with the erection of the Staakensetzerhaus at the western border of what is now Moabit. 1716 saw the formation of the colony of Old Moabit by the Huguenots, who were meant to cultivate white mulberry trees for silkworms , but failed because of
2320-718: The Berlin-Spandau Canal, the Westhafen port and the Hamburger Bahnhof train station which connected Berlin with Hamburg . A network of streets was laid out in the Hobrecht-Plan in an area that came to be known architecturally as the Wilhelmine Ring . All of that activity resulted in an exponential growth of the population and the subsequent construction of tenements in Moabit and neighbouring Wedding , facilitating
2400-578: The Christian estates. He made this clear to the governor of the province of Prussia not long after his coronation: I feel myself [to be king] entirely by the grace of God and will feel that way with His help until the end. Without envy I leave splendour and artifice to so-called constitutional princes, who have become a fiction, an abstract concept to the people through a piece of paper [a constitution]. As his alternative to parliamentary-style popular legislatures, Frederick William IV focussed his attention on
2480-521: The Erfurt Union in the Prussian government, Austria was able to revive the German Confederation, which had been inactive since the 1848 revolutions. In the Punctation of Olmütz , Prussia declared its willingness to return to the German Confederation without Austria having assured it of legal equality in the leadership of the Confederation. In addition to the 1848 revolution and the constitutional question that dominated Frederick William IV's reign, there were
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2560-556: The French after the Prussians lost the Battle of Jena–Auerstedt on 14 October 1806, they were taken to Königsberg in East Prussia on 17 October 1806. After their parents arrived on 9 December 1806, they fled together from the advancing troops to Memel . After Prussia's defeat and the family's return to Berlin, Frederick William's education was adapted more to prepare him for governing. He
2640-672: The King did not respond with any significant policies beyond donations to private social associations. In 1844, for example, he provided the Association for the Welfare of the Working Class with 15,000 thalers. The next year he issued a General Prussian Industrial Code that included a ban on strikes and prison sentences of up to a year for conspiring to encourage one. The overthrow of the French July Monarchy on 24 February 1848 triggered
2720-429: The King out of his short-term plans to abdicate. Otto von Bismarck , the future chancellor of a united Germany, joined the group towards the end of 1848. The second United Parliament called by Frederick William on 2 April 1848 announced elections to form a Prussian National Assembly , which convened in Berlin on 22 May. Frederick William IV submitted a draft constitution in which the balance of power continued to favour
2800-602: The Provincial Estates, the representative bodies of the eight Prussian provinces, which had been founded in 1823. In 1847 he summoned all representatives of the Prussian provincial parliaments to Berlin. He was prepared to give the United Parliament the right to discuss the financing of railways, canals and roads – specifically a request for a 25 million thaler bond for building the Berlin to Königsberg railway. He did not want to levy new taxes or take out loans without
2880-718: The Prussian state treasury. For negotiations with the Roman Curia , the King announced in June 1840 that within the Ministry of Culture he would set up a department for Catholic affairs which was to consist exclusively of Catholic councillors. With the founding of the Protestant Church in Prussia in 1817, in which Calvinists and Lutherans were united, Friedrich Wilhelm's father had created an institution for all Protestants in his kingdom that
2960-406: The United Parliament's consent, envisioning that their approval would not restrict his power but strengthen it by eliminating future constitutional demands. In his opening speech, Frederick William reiterated that he did not want a "piece of paper" to come between himself and the people and replace the "old, sacred loyalty with it". He told the deputies of the limits he saw on their duties: "... it
3040-515: The advice of Alexander von Humboldt , he founded the separate civil class of the Pour le Merite , the Order Pour le Mérite for Sciences and Arts ( Orden Pour le Mérite für Wissenschaften und Künste ). The civil order is still being awarded today. Frederick William IV's accession to the throne came with great expectations among liberals and nationalists. By beginning his reign with a policy of reconciliation,
3120-628: The architects – included the Alte Nationalgalerie (Old National Gallery) and the Neues Museum in Berlin, the Orangery Palace at Potsdam as well as the reconstruction of Stolzenfels Castle on the Rhine and Hohenzollern Castle , in the ancestral homelands of the dynasty which became part of Prussia in 1850. He also enlarged and redecorated his father's Erdmannsdorf manor house. In 1842, on
3200-450: The blight and structural obsolescence thought to be responsible for urban decay, and instead brought into focus the cultural pathologies they mapped onto black neighborhoods. The term inner city arose in this racial liberal context, providing a rhetorical and ideological tool for articulating the role of the church in the nationwide project of urban renewal. Thus, even as it arose in contexts aiming to entice mainline Protestantism back into
3280-728: The building ensembles of the Berlin-Potsdam Residence Landscape , Museum Island , and the cultural landscape of the Upper Middle Rhine Valley, and he supported the completion of the Cologne Cathedral . All are now UNESCO World Heritage Sites . From 1857 to 1861, he suffered several strokes and was left incapacitated until his death. His brother and heir-presumptive William served as regent after 1858 and then succeeded him as king. Born to Frederick William III and his wife Queen Louise , Frederick William
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3360-512: The cities it had fled, the term accrued its meaning by generating symbolic and geographic distance between white liberal churches and the black communities they sought to help. Urban renewal (also called urban regeneration in the United Kingdom and urban redevelopment in the United States ) is a program of land redevelopment often used to address urban decay in cities. Urban renewal is
3440-474: The city wearing a black, red and gold armband – the colours of the revolution – and had an officer dressed in civilian clothes carry a similarly coloured flag in front of him. The King repeatedly stopped to make improvised speeches to affirm his alleged support for German unity. The next day he secretly wrote to his brother William: "I had to voluntarily raise the Reich colours yesterday in order to save everything. If
3520-422: The consent of the United Parliament. Discrimination based on the estates should be abolished and the citizenry guaranteed legal protection against arbitrary measures by the state. If their demands were not fulfilled, they concluded, the parliament would be forced to reject the King's spending plans. Frederick William stopped attending parliamentary sessions and on 26 June 1847 dissolved the United Parliament. With
3600-491: The constitution with the King's cooperation, and on 31 January 1850, the Constitution of 1850 was promulgated. The Parliament had two chambers – an aristocratic upper house and a lower house elected by all male Prussians over 25 years of age using a three-class franchise that weighted votes based on the amount of taxes paid, with the result that the wealthy had far more influence than the poor. The constitution reserved to
3680-408: The courtiers who had belonged to Frederick William IV's camarilla. On 24 November 1859, the king suffered a stroke that paralysed his left side. Since he was no longer able to be transported, the court remained at Sanssouci . On 4 November 1860, he lost consciousness after another stroke, and on 2 January 1861 he died. In accordance with his testamentary instructions from 1854, the King was buried in
3760-638: The death of his father in 1840. Through a personal union , he was also the sovereign prince of the Principality of Neuchâtel (1840–1857), which at the same time was a canton in the Swiss Confederation and the only one that was a principality. In 1842, he gave his father's menagerie at Pfaueninsel to the new Berlin Zoo , which opened its gates in 1844 as the first of its kind in Germany. Other projects during his reign – often involving his close collaboration with
3840-477: The eldest son and successor of Frederick William III of Prussia , was king of Prussia from 7 June 1840 until his death on 2 January 1861. Also referred to as the " romanticist on the throne", he was deeply religious and believed that he ruled by divine right. He feared revolutions, and his ideal state was one governed by the Christian estates of the realm rather than a constitutional monarchy. In spite of his conservative political philosophy, he initially pursued
3920-565: The failure of the First United Parliament, the government not only lost its ability to act on fiscal policy – the Prussian National Debt Act of January 1820 stipulating that the government could only take on new debt if it was co-guaranteed by the "imperial estates" remained in force – but also faced increased doubts within Prussia about the legitimacy of the existing state order. During the reign of Frederick William IV,
4000-582: The fighting. The suppression of the uprising in Saxony strengthened Prussia's negotiating position in its attempt to establish a united German federal state of princes under Prussian leadership. The basis for the union was the Three Kings' Alliance of 26 May 1849 between Prussia, the Kingdom of Saxony and the Kingdom of Hanover . The three monarchs committed themselves for a period of one year to work together to realise
4080-742: The first works of Modern architecture . Large parts of Moabit are traditional working-class residential areas. Some areas were known for their political activity during the Nazi era, such as the Red Beusselkiez or the neighbouring Rostock Kiez . After the Nazi Machtergreifung in 1933 they were considered Communist resistance cells. On 11 April 1928, during the Weimar Republic , the 20-year-old Communist activist Olga Benário and several of her comrades managed to break into Moabit's prison and free
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#17328552109684160-509: The gamble is successful ... I will take them down again!" On 29 March 1848, Frederick William appointed a liberal government led by Minister President Ludolf Camphausen and Finance Minister David Hansemann . The following day, the King founded a secret secondary cabinet, the ministre occulte , as a counter to Camphausen's government. The courtly interest group, which included General Leopold von Gerlach , his brother Ernst Ludwig von Gerlach and Count Anton of Stolberg-Wernigerode , talked
4240-453: The ghastly author of bloodshed." On 21 March 1848, the King, or rather his camarilla , initiated an apparent change of course by placing Frederick William IV at the head of the revolution, whereas the truth was that he lacked the means to pursue a policy independent of the citizens' movement. The King announced that he would support the formation of an all-German parliament, one of the revolution's key demands. On 21 March 1848, he rode through
4320-490: The grace of God" were removed from the draft on 12 October, openly calling into question the divine right of kings . The break with the crown culminated on 31 October when the Assembly abolished nobility, titles and privileges. Frederick William IV then launched a political counterattack. On 1 November he appointed his uncle Frederick William of Brandenburg , who came from the conservative military camp, as minister president of Prussia. Unlike previous minister presidents during
4400-578: The incarcerated Otto "Li De" Braun , a prominent party member and at the time Benario's lover. Despite being hotly hunted, the two lovers succeeded in escaping to Moscow and later rose (separately) to prominence in the International Communist movement (in Brazil and China respectively). Between 1941 and 1945, around 1900 Jews were deported predominantly to Auschwitz , Theresienstadt or Minsk . Approximately as many survived by escaping abroad. After
4480-458: The king the power of appointing all ministers, re-established the conservative district assemblies and provincial diets and guaranteed that the civil service and the military remained firmly under control of the king. It also contained a number of liberal elements such as jury courts and a catalogue of fundamental rights that included freedom of religion, speech and the press. It was a more liberal system than had existed in Prussia before 1848, but it
4560-405: The king's dominant position in the state. It stipulated that the army and bureaucracy were answerable to the king and not the National Assembly. It also enshrined his view that he was "King by the grace of God" and that the constitution was merely an "agreement between the crown and the people". At the beginning of April, a national pre-parliament sitting at Frankfurt-am-Main decided to work with
4640-407: The low soil quality. In 1818 New Moabit was founded and grew together with Old Moabit to an industrial suburb district, which was incorporated into the city of Berlin in 1861. The industrialization started in 1820 when, with the financial support of court counsellor Baillif, a simple bridge was built to connect the island to the Berlin mainland. The bridge was followed by factories, a power plant,
4720-400: The majority refused to comply, the King ordered General Friedrich von Wrangel to march through the Brandenburg Gate at the head of 13,000 soldiers and sixty guns. That Wrangel met with no resistance was due in part to the disillusionment of the craftsmen and industrial workers with the revolution. It had done nothing to change their economic hardship, which had led to isolated riots. Although
4800-480: The middle and upper classes sympathised with the workers, they did not want a violent social upheaval and sided with the King. On 5 December the King dissolved the Prussian National Assembly and imposed the Constitution of 1848 . Although Frederick William IV personally opposed the idea of introducing a constitution, the majority of his ministry urged him to take the step in order to prevent protests from flaring up again. The first Parliament of Prussia then modified
4880-484: The movement, which in the German states featured nostalgia for the Middle Ages , played a part in his developing a conservative worldview at an early age. In 1815, when he was twenty, the Crown Prince exerted his influence to structure the proposed new constitution of 1815, which was never enacted, in such a way that the landed aristocracy would hold the greatest power. He was against the liberalisation of Germany and aspired to unify its many states within what he viewed as
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#17328552109684960-475: The new king fulfilled their hopes during his first six months on the throne. Through an amnesty enacted on 10 August 1840, all "political criminals" were released, politically motivated investigations and court proceedings were discontinued, and press censorship was eased. As a result of the concessions, liberals initially overlooked the fact that Frederick William IV was not of one mind with them. The King intended his policy of reconciliation to restore trust in
5040-427: The outset, Frederick William IV began to lose interest in the project. By the winter of 1849, the Kingdoms of Hanover and Saxony had withdrawn their consent as well. In contrast to Prussia, Austria wanted to restore the German Confederation and opposed Prussia's Erfurt Union plans. Saxony, Hanover, Bavaria and Württemberg sided with Austria in the Four Kings' Alliance . With the backing of the conservative opponents of
5120-415: The renewal of a Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation , of which Austria had been part for centuries. Accepting the imperial dignity would also have meant an open foreign policy snub of Austria and probably have provoked a war. Even more important was the fact that, in the King's opinion, the imperial dignity could only be conferred by the princes or a college of electors, as had been the case until 1806. As
5200-505: The revolutionary period, Brandenburg was closer to the King than to the National Assembly. The National Assembly sent 25 deputies to the King on 2 November to protest against Brandenburg's appointment. He cancelled the audience after the deputies had read out their request. Under the pretext of removing the National Assembly from the pressure of the Berlin streets, the King told the deputies that they would be moved to Brandenburg an der Havel on 9 November and adjourned until 27 November. After
5280-444: The royal personal physicians. The charter included the formal possibility of a resumption of official duties. The signing of the Regency Charter heralded the New Era in Prussia, marking the end of Frederick William IV's idea of government. Prince Regent William dismissed the reactionary minister president Otto von Manteuffel and recruited Karl Anton von Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen from the liberal-nationalist camp. He also dismissed
5360-429: The spread of a smallpox epidemic. In consequence, Berlin's city council, exhorted to do so by Rudolf Virchow , built a second hospital (after the Charité ), the Krankenhaus Moabit in 1872. In the 1880s, Robert Koch worked here on the sterilization of surgical instruments and the isolation of the tuberculosis bacterium. A teaching hospital from 1920 on, the Krankenhaus Moabit employed notable physicians like
5440-416: The term signified both a bounded geographic construct and a set of cultural pathologies inscribed onto urban black communities. Inner city thus originated as a term of containment. Its genesis was the product of an era when a largely white suburban mainline Protestantism was negotiating its relationship to American cities. Liberal Protestants’ missionary brand of urban renewal refocused attention away from
5520-403: The view of the "political romantics", the structure of the estates took the natural inequality of man into account. Individuals should fulfil the tasks and duties that serve the good of society as a whole in the place assigned to them by God. In the Prussian constitutional question, Frederick William IV was not striving for the realisation of a constitutional monarchy but rather a state governed by
5600-821: The war, between 1945 and 1990, Moabit was part of the British sector of West Berlin . Due to its new peripheral location adjacent to the Berlin Wall , Moabit became a remote neighbourhood. Similar to Kreuzberg, it attracted mostly immigrants due to its low rents. With the fall of the Berlin Wall, Moabit's location has anew changed to its former centrality. Post-reunification, Moabit has faced problems such as drug trafficking and abuse (especially around Kleiner Tiergarten ), poverty (most notably in its Western parts), and crime. Similar to neighbouring Wedding, lower rents have recently attracted artists and young people, and there are first unmistakable signs of gentrification . At its eastern edge, bordering Mitte, Moabit's neoclassical train station now serves as Berlin's contemporary art museum,
5680-418: Was a Roman Catholic, the preparations for the marriage included difficult negotiations which ended with her conversion to Lutheranism . There were two wedding ceremonies – one in Munich by proxy according to the Catholic rite, and the other in person in Berlin. The couple had a harmonious marriage, but after Louise had a miscarriage in 1828, it remained childless. Frederick William became king of Prussia on
5760-538: Was beheaded here. Political activists like Karl Radek , Erich Mühsam and Musa Cälil were detained in Moabit. Wilhelm Voigt , the "Hauptmann von Köpenick", and the writer Wolfgang Borchert served their prison sentences in the prison. The vast building of the Criminal Court on Turmstraße was erected in 1906. In 1909, architect Peter Behrens built the AEG 's Turbine factory at the north-western Huttenstraße , one of
5840-493: Was deeply religious. Influenced by Romanticism and the Pietist revivalist movement, he envisioned a Christian state and believed that only Christianity could protect his subjects from revolutionary utopias and reverse the secularisation, growing materialism and other processes of modernisation that he considered harmful. For Friedrich Wilhelm, religion and politics were inextricably linked. In contrast to his father, Frederick William
5920-487: Was directly dependent on the sovereign as the summus episcopus (high bishop). In response, the Old Lutherans formed their own church in 1830, claiming to represent the "true" Lutheran Church, and were consequently subjected to state persecution. In 1845 Frederick William lifted the ban on the formation of Old Lutheran churches and released imprisoned pastors. As part of his policy of reconciliation, Frederick William IV
6000-484: Was generally dismissive of the Prussian reforms that were then underway with the aim of modernising the state from within. His tutor Friedrich Delbrück had instilled in him a disgust of revolutionaries, so that he had no sympathy for Karl August von Hardenberg 's insistence that Prussia be reorganised through a "revolution from above". For Friedrich Wilhelm, the "bureaucratic absolutism of a Hardenberg" meant moving away from
6080-457: Was his mother's favourite son. He was educated by private tutors, including the historian and statesman Friedrich Ancillon . When Queen Louise died in 1810 when Frederick William was 14, he saw it as a punishment from God and linked it directly to his outlook on life. He believed that only by leading a life more pleasing to God would he be able to absolve himself of the guilt he felt for her death. Frederick William's early childhood fell during
6160-413: Was interested in finding a solution to the question of a constitution for Prussia. At the core of his political philosophy was the doctrine of the organic nation of the estates of the realm , which was based on philosophers such as Friedrich Schlegel , who wrote in 1805: "The only lasting constitution is the monarchy of the estates, tempered by priests and nobility, and it is also the oldest and best." In
6240-514: Was part of the British sector of West Berlin and directly bordered East Berlin . Until the administrative reform in 2001, Moabit was a part of the district of Tiergarten . Colloquially, the name Moabit also refers to the Central Criminal Court ( Strafgericht ) and detention centre, which deals with all criminal cases in Berlin and is based in Moabit. The origin of the name Moabit
6320-555: Was still a conservative form of government in which the monarch, the aristocracy, and the military retained most of the power. The constitution of 1850 remained in effect, with numerous amendments, until the dissolution of the Prussian kingdom in 1918. Emperor Franz Joseph I of Austria had made it clear in November 1848 that he would not accept the title of "Emperor of the Germans" from the Frankfurt National Assembly because
6400-545: Was sympathetic to Catholicism. Under Frederick William III in 1825, the Archbishop of Cologne was arrested in a conflict over the law on mixed marriages. In order to reconcile with the Catholic population, Frederick William IV authorised the founding of the Cologne Cathedral Building Association in 1840 to promote and finance the completion of the Cologne Cathedral . Half of the funding for it came from
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