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Baloch Students Organization

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The Baloch Students Organization ( BSO ; Urdu : بلوچ اسٹوڈنٹس آرگنائزیشن ) is a student organisation that campaigns for the students of Pakistan 's Balochistan Province . It was founded as a student movement on 26 November 1967 in Karachi and remains the largest ethnic Baloch student body in the country. It got divided due to ideological differences. BSO Pajjar and BSO Mohiuddin are affiliated with the parliamentary framework of Pakistan. Dr Allah Nazar, founder of pro independence wing, in 2002 while he was studying in college, created a breakaway faction — BSO–Azad — that advocated struggle for an independent Balochistan based on pre-colonial Baloch country. The Pakistani government banned the BSO Azad on 15 March 2013, as a terrorist organisation.

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87-567: There is an alleged link between BSO and India, with Pakistan accusing the Indian intelligence agency RAW of having "assets" within BSO, an allegation denied by India and activists in BSO but has been proved that Indias RAW is using BSO to brainwash and recruit terrorists. Baloch Students Organization (BSO) has its origins in Warna Waninda Gal (Youth Educational Forum) launched in 1961, three years after

174-590: A four-year insurgency (1973–77) in Balochistan. Many of the former BSO members participated in the guerrilla warfare against the state. One of the guerrilla bands was led by the former BSO leader Khair Jan Baloch. BSO activists in schools supplied guerrillas with money and materiel. The more militant members joined the Balochistan Liberation Front (BLF). After four years of bloodshed, the insurgency came to end when Zia ul Haq came to power and declared

261-522: A Chinese ship from Shanghai Port , at Kandla Port . The ship was bound for Port Qasim in Karachi . It was seized for wrongly declaring an autoclave, which can be used in the launch process of ballistic missiles , as an industrial dryer. This seizure was done on an intelligence tip-off by R&AW. In late 2020, during India-China Standoff , R&AW was able obtain the decoded PLA WTC cryptography . A Chinese Technician recruited by R&AW had passed

348-438: A `national' government was allowed to function in Balochistan. However, Bhutto dismissed it ten months later on what are seen as "trumped up" charges. Among the long list of reasons cited for the dismissal was the allegation that the government was allowing the `lawless behaviour' of the BSO. The dismissal was followed by the arrest of NAP leaders and the unleashing of military on the province. The Bhutto government actions set off

435-513: A day. The operation, labelled Operation Cactus , also involved the Indian Navy . Swift operation by the military and precise intelligence by R&AW quelled the insurgency . In 2018–19, R&AW undertook many operations that crippled ISI and MSS intelligence network in Maldives. In February 1983 , Mauritian Prime Minister Anerood Jugnauth requested assistance from Mrs Indira Gandhi in

522-493: A democratic uprising against Mohammed Ershad , thus leading to his resignation. His Pro-Pakistan and Anti-Hindu policy decisions had been considered a threat by Indian government. In 1991, after Khaleda Zia had won election, India was alarmed over increased harassment of pro-India politicians, large-scale radicalisation and meticulously planned infiltration of trained extremists into Indian territory by Jamaat-e-Islami . JeI had set-up several terror training camps located along

609-609: A flat in Karachi by security forces and tortured. In December 2005, the Balochistan conflict intensified with the Army starting operations in Dera Bugti and Kohlu . Following this, the BSO–Aman (the affiliated faction of BSO–Mengal) led by Amanullah Baloch and BSO–Hayee led by Asif Baloch also merged with BSO–Muttihada forming a united BSO. Bashir Zaib Baloch served its chairman from 2006 to 2011. He

696-503: A general amnesty. However, no meaningful change towards provincial autonomy occurred. After his release from prison Ataullah Mengal went into exile and the remainder of the NAP split into several factions. The armed struggle against the Pakistani state was called off, leading the BSO to turn against the NAP. In 1978, it even dismissed its chairman Mueem Kahan Baloch on the grounds that he supported

783-489: A largely intelligence-led operation to reunite the Indian community of Mauritius whose fracturing along ideological and communal lines had allowed Mr. Berenger to mount a political challenge. Khair Jan Khair Jan Baloch is a Pakistani politician from Awaran District . He is currently serving as a member of the Provincial Assembly of Balochistan since Feb 2024. He contested the 2024 general elections as

870-501: A psychology student, then became the leader. Karima insisted that the organization uses peaceful means by carrying out demonstrations and marches. It aims to raise the political awareness of the people. However, she also added that any struggle against injustice is legitimate, whether "peaceful or armed." Malik Siraj Akbar , a Harvard-based political analyst, calls it a "very unique organization that does not have any parallels in Pakistan." It

957-707: A separate desk for this purpose. The Joint Intelligence Committee (JIC), under the Cabinet Secretariat , is responsible for coordinating and analysing intelligence activities between R&AW, the Intelligence Bureau and the Defence Intelligence Agency (DIA). In practice, however, the effectiveness of the JIC has been varied. Director of R&AW is a member of the JIC Steering Committee and

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1044-587: A separatist fighter, was its founder-chairman when he was still a medical student. In 2003, BSO–Star, which was similarly made up of members seeking independence from political parties in BSO–Mengal, merged with BSO–Azad, and the combined organization was called BSO–Muttahida (or "BSO–United"). More often, it was simply called "the BSO," recognizing its claim to be the main students organization. Malik Baloch and Imdad Baloch served as its chairmen till 2005. In March 2005, Imdad Baloch, and other activists were abducted from

1131-714: A severe shortage of employees. The number of personnel in 2013 was estimated to be 5,000 personnel. This represents a staff deficit of 40% below sanctioned strength. In 2013, The Hindu reported the organisation was short on management level staff by 130 and in specialized areas like technology there was also a huge shortage. In number of cryptanalysts , it was short by approximately 33%. The primary mission of R&AW includes intelligence collection via HUMINT , psychological warfare , subversion , sabotage . R&AW maintains active liaison with other agencies and services in various countries. Those agencies include SVR of Russia, Afghanistan's NDS , Israel's Mossad , Germany's BND ,

1218-529: A shut down. Activist Latif Johar went on a hunger strike, which he called off after 46 days at the behest of human rights activist Mir Mohammad Ali Talpur. The organization has also approached the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights asking him to intervene with the Pakistan government and secure the release of Zahid Baloch. According to Al Jazeera , Zahid's abduction is only the latest among a long list of abductions of BSO–Azad's leadership, which represent

1305-808: A special exfiltration operation was undertaken by R&AW. At least four Indian nationals working in various parts of Afghanistan, that had been abducted by the Haqqani network , were successfully rescued. In 2020, 10 MSS Operatives from Xinjiang State Security Department (XSSD) were arrested in  Kabul  by the Afghan ; NDS . During Questioning, one of operative told the interrogators that they were gathering information about al-Qaeda, Taliban and  Turkistan Islamic Party  in Kunar and Badakhshan provinces , and wanted to assassinate high-level members of TIP . This counter-intelligence operation

1392-536: A specific period in the agency if they wish to. Most of the secretaries have been officers from the IPS and other posts are held by IRS and IFS officers. R&AW also employs a number of linguists and other experts in various fields. The service conditions of R&AW officers are governed by the Research and Analysis Wing (Recruitment, Cadre and Service) Rules, 1975. Basic training commences with ' pep talks ' to boost

1479-418: A spy working for the Indian intelligence agency RAW and admitting that he had been in touch with its contacts in Pakistan, especially those in the BSO. He also stated that he was to support the insurgency by coordinating subversion, violent activities against the general population, targeting attacks against strategic assets in the region, and against Chinese workers. The Indian government has denied that Jadhav

1566-659: A three-day convention in Karachi, the two organizations merged into one forming the Baloch Students Organization. Nadeem Paracha, senior columnist at Dawn , characterises it as a "left wing" organisation. In addition to the original aims of Warna , BSO also aimed to campaign for the abolition of the One Unit system and limited provincial autonomy for Balochistan. The group initially campaigned for improved educational facilities in Balochistan. Its demonstrations led to many arrests and closure of student hostels. By 1969-70,

1653-465: A wing of the main Intelligence Bureau with 250 employees and an annual budget of ₹ 2 crore . In the early seventies, its annual budget had risen to ₹ 30 crore while its personnel numbered several thousand. In 2007, the budget of R&AW is speculated to be as high as US$ 150 million to as low as US$ 100 million. Slowly other child agencies such as the Radio Research Center and

1740-579: Is also alleged that R&AW planned and executed the 1971 Indian Airlines hijacking as a false flag operation to ban overflight by Pakistani aircraft and disrupt Pakistani troop movement in East Pakistan . Special Frontier Force , then under R&AW actively participated in military operations especially in the Chittagong Hill Tracts . After the war ended in the successful creation of Bangladesh. However, four years later Sheikh Mujibur Rahman

1827-696: Is authorized to brief the Prime Minister. With the establishment of the National Security Council in 1999, the role of the JIC has been merged with the NSC. R&AW's legal status is unusual, in that it is not an "Agency", but a "Wing" of the Cabinet Secretariat . Hence, R&AW is not answerable to the Parliament of India on any issue, which keeps it out of reach of the Right to Information Act . This exemption

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1914-692: Is either preprocessed by a senior field officer or by a desk officer. The desk officer then passes the information to the Joint Secretary and then on to the Additional Secretary and from there it is disseminated to the concerned end user. R&AW personnel are called "Research Officers" instead of the traditional "agents". There is a sizeable number of female officers in R&;AW even at the operational level. In recent years, R&AW has shifted its primary focus from Pakistan to China and have started operating

2001-416: Is not to be confused with the original BSO–Azad started by Allah Nazar. The original BSO–Azad is said to have been formed from the "most militant sections" of the BSO. It advocated radical struggle for `national liberation' and stood for full independence of Balochistan. After its consolidation by Allah Nazar Baloch in 2002, when he was a medical student, the group is said to have obtained wide support among

2088-667: Is one of the very few organizations that have managed to mobilize women at a social and political level. In 2016 Karima was chosen as one of BBC's 100 Women . Allah Nazar, the one-time founder of the organization is now the commander of the Baloch Liberation Front , which wages an armed struggle for the state's liberation. The former leader Zahid Baloch was abducted in Quetta in March 2014 in front of eyewitnesses by men who arrived in SUVs used by

2175-493: Is only of because such operations that many high-ranking Khalistani militants like Harminder Singh Mintoo, Tara Singh, Kulbir Kaur, Ramandeep Singh etc. have been arrested and deported to India. In November 1988, the People's Liberation Organisation of Tamil Eelam (PLOTE), composed of about 200 Tamil secessionist rebels under Abdullah Luthufi, invaded Maldives . At the request of the president of Maldives, Maumoon Abdul Gayoom ,

2262-747: Is over bureaucratisation of the system with allegations about favouritism in promotions, corruption, ego clashes, no financial accountability, inter-departmental rivalry, etc. Noted security analyst and former Additional Secretary B. Raman has criticised the agency for its asymmetric growth; "while being strong in its capability for covert action it is weak in its capability for intelligence collection, analysis and assessment. Strong in low and medium-grade intelligence, weak in high-grade intelligence. Strong in technical intelligence , weak in human intelligence . Strong in collation, weak in analysis. Strong in investigation, weak in prevention. Strong in crisis management, weak in crisis prevention." R&AW started as

2349-427: Is the foreign intelligence agency of India. The agency's primary function is gathering foreign intelligence , counter-terrorism , counter-proliferation , advising Indian policymakers, and advancing India's foreign strategic interests. It is also involved in the security of India's nuclear programme . During the nine-year tenure of its first Secretary, Rameshwar Nath Kao , R&AW quickly came to prominence in

2436-775: The Amnesty International 's 'Rights for Rights' event to raise awareness of the world community on the abductions and disappearances in Balochistan. Karima Baloch was last seen alive on 20 December 2020. On 22 December, the 37-year-old activist was found dead in Toronto . BSO Pajjar, led by Zubair Baloch, has the largest following among the Baloch students. It represents a mainstream viewpoint and concentrates on ideological and educational aspects of Baloch national movement. It attempts to get as many Baloch youth educated as possible and holds regular `study circles' in which it imparts education in

2523-623: The CIA and MI6 have been well-known, a common interest being Pakistan's nuclear programme . R&AW has been active in obtaining information and operating through third countries. R&AW offices abroad have limited strength and are largely geared to the collection of military , economic , scientific , and political intelligence . R&AW monitors the activities of certain organisations abroad only insofar as they relate to their involvement with narco terrorist elements and smuggling arms, ammunition, explosives, etc. into India. It does not monitor

2610-690: The Chinese and Pakistani borders . In the 1970s, the Special Frontier Force (SFF) moved under R&AW from Intelligence Bureau (IB) and was tasked to train Bengali rebels . In 1977, R&AW's operations and staff were dramatically cut under the premiership of Morarji Desai , which hurt the organisation's capabilities with the shutting of entire sections of R&AW, like its Information Division. These cuts were reduced following Gandhi's return. In 2004, National Technical Research Organisation (NTRO)

2697-688: The Electronics and Technical Services (ETS) were added to R&AW in the 1970s and 1990s. In 1971, Kao had persuaded the Government to set up the Aviation Research Centre (ARC). The ARC's main purpose was aerial reconnaissance . It replaced the Indian Air Force 's old reconnaissance aircraft, and by the mid-1970s, R&AW, through the ARC, had high quality aerial pictures of the installations along

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2784-548: The Indian Armed Forces , with assistance from R&AW, launched a military campaign to throw the mercenaries out of Maldives. On the night of 3 November 1988, the Indian Air Force airlifted the 6th parachute battalion of the Parachute Regiment from Agra and flew them over 2,000 km to Maldives . The Indian paratroopers landed at the airstrip of Hulhule island and restored the Government rule at Malé within

2871-633: The National Security Advisor on a daily basis. In 1968, upon its formation, the union government led by the Indian National Congress (INC) adopted the motto Dharmo Rakshati Rakshitah . Prior to the inception of the Research and Analysis Wing, overseas intelligence collection was primarily the responsibility of the Intelligence Bureau (IB), which was created by the Government of India during British Raj . In 1933, sensing

2958-442: The field training , the new recruit is brought back to the school for final polishing. Before their deployment in the field, they will be given exhaustive training in the art of self-defence mainly Krav Maga , and the use of technical espionage devices. They are also drilled in various administrative disciplines so that they could take their place in the foreign missions without arousing suspicion. They are now ready to operate under

3045-554: The 'bottom of the entrance lists' of those qualifying the UPSC examinations were offered jobs. Additionally, recruitment is also by lateral deputation from the Officer corps of Armed Forces or Group A Civil Service Officers. The Civil and Defence Service Officers permanently resign their cadre and join the RAS. However, according to recent reports, officers can return to their parent cadre after serving

3132-473: The BSO was sweeping student union elections in the Baloch majority areas of Balochistan and it was allied with the National Students Federation in Karachi's universities and colleges. Soon the organization got involved in the growing Baloch national movement , protesting against Ayub Khan 's policies of political restriction and functional inequality which gave rise to widespread antagonism in

3219-485: The BSO–Awami merged back into the main BSO, following the request of Hameed Baloch , who was given death sentence for an attempted assassination of an Omani colonel. However, fragmentation of the Baloch political parties gave rise to parallel fragmentation in the BSO as well. Some of the groups arising through the fragmentation were: In February 2006, noticing the fragmentation arising from political party affiliations, all

3306-467: The Baloch population. Spearheading the movement were the tribal elites, professional classes such as lawyers and doctors, and students. The student movement was supported by the "progressive" tribal leaders, Ataullah Mengal , Khair Bakhsh Marri and Ghous Bakhsh Bizenjo , who were also leading members of the National Awami Party (NAP). The NAP consulted the BSO on all major issues. In early 1969,

3393-488: The Baloch students. Senior columnist of Dawn , Nadeem F. Paracha, states that it was directly involved in the formation of insurgency groups such as the Balochistan Liberation Army and Baloch Republican Army . The Pakistani state is said to view the organization with such concern as to ban it in 2013, a month before the elections. The Asian Human Rights Commission condemned the ban and severely castigated

3480-557: The NAP and Jamiat-e-Ulema-e-Islam (JUI). The NAP and BSO, being supporters of provincial autonomy, called for the release of Mujibur Rahman and the restoration of democracy, which earned the ire of the military government in Islamabad. After Bhutto came to power at the end of the war, he let the NAP-JUI coalition form a provincial government in Balochistan in April 1972. This was the first time that

3567-891: The NAP. The BSO remained the leading student organisation in Balochistan's campuses, protesting against the Zia ul Haq's dictatorship. It also denounced the Islamist Afghan resistance against the Soviet troops backed by the United States and Saudi Arabia. In 1981, it joined the United Students Movement, an alliance of left-wing ethno-nationalist student groups opposing the Zia regime and the Islami Jamiat-e-Talaba . Large numbers of BSO activists were imprisoned during this period, said to be 60% of all prisoners in Balochistan. In 1984,

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3654-656: The Northern Alliance's aerial support. This relationship was further cemented in the 2001 Afghan war . After the September 11, 2001 attacks , R&AW provided the intelligence to western countries that there were over 120 training camps operating in Afghanistan and Pakistan , run by a variety of militant groups. After the Overthrow of Taliban in Afghanistan in 2001, R&AW was the first intelligence agency to determine

3741-524: The Pakistan Army arrested the Khan of Kalat giving rise to Baloch nationalism . Abdul Hakeem Baloch was its first president. The stated objectives of the organization included "promoting Balochi language and literature and debating political conditions." Another organization called Baloch Students Educational Organization (BSEO) was founded by Baloch students in Karachi in 1962. On 26 November 1967, after

3828-406: The Pakistan Army. Zahid was made to squat on the road and hit on the head several times, after which he was blindfolded and taken away. The Police have refused to register a complaint. The organization has been protesting his abduction ever since. The organization also called for a nationwide strike in April 2014, which was supported by all Baloch nationalist parties. Many towns in Balochistan observed

3915-510: The Pakistan government. It said that "in an effort to show the international community that it is taking action against the fundamentalist and religious terrorist organizations," the government has banned three secular and nationalist organizations instead, while it showed "continued loyalties towards the Taliban and similar terrorist groups." Its leader Zahid Baloch was abducted in March 2014. His whereabouts are not known. 29 year-old Karima Baloch ,

4002-583: The Pakistani state's attempt to suppress the independence movement. Most that are abducted remain missing, others are tortured and killed before the corpses are dumped in the country. In November 2015, Karima Baloch went to Canada as a refugee. She said that she escaped a Pakistani military attack on the town of Tump and stayed underground for nearly a year before arriving in Toronto. It was reported that she intended to apply for refugee status in Canada. Karima attended

4089-469: The Research and Analysis Service (RAS) to absorb talent from other Group A Civil Services, under the Central Staffing Scheme. Direct recruitment at Class I executive level is from Civil services officers undergoing Foundation course at Lal Bahadur Shastri National Academy of Administration . At the end of the course, it conducts a campus interview. Based on a selection of psychological tests and

4176-651: The Secretary (R) reports to the National Security Adviser . The purview of the Cabinet Secretary over the R&AW is limited to administrative and financial matters. The Secretary (R) reports on an administrative basis to the Cabinet Secretary, who reports to the Prime Minister. Reporting to the Secretary (R) are: The internal structure of the R&AW is a matter of speculation, but brief overviews of

4263-489: The Times of India. A task force report prepared by a New Delhi-based security think tank highlighted that R&AW operatives have inadequate non-official cover for overseas operations which 'limits access to spot real targets' and causes issues on handling 'high-value assets'. The known activities and operations of R&AW, by country: R&AW trained the intelligence officers of many independent African countries and assisted

4350-633: The USA shared a common fear about the nuclear capabilities of China. Owing to the extreme remoteness of Chinese testing grounds, strict secrecy surrounding the Chinese nuclear programme, and the extreme difficulty that an Indian or American would have passing themselves off as Chinese, it was almost impossible to carry out any HUMINT operation. So, the CIA in the late 1960s decided to launch an ELINT operation along with R&AW and ARC to track China's nuclear tests and monitor its missile launches. The operation, in

4437-454: The activities of criminal elements abroad, which are mainly confined to normal smuggling without any links to terrorist elements. R&AW officers are posted to Indian diplomatic missions under official cover as diplomats, frequently in the consular wing. The relationship between R&AW and the Ministry of External Affairs has been unstable because they "inhabit different worlds" according to

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4524-516: The anti-apartheid struggles in South Africa and Namibia . Retired R&AW officers were deputed to work in training institutes of intelligence agencies of some African states. R&AW was one of the primary agencies that provided the information about Ravi Pujari , being located in Senegal. This information was then provided to Senegalese authorities, who arrested Pujari and deported him to India. He

4611-412: The border. So in order to stop all this activity, R&AW spontaneously bombed several of its camps and a major ISI safe house, thus dismantling JeI's terror network. In 1977–97, India took active part in Chittagong Hill Tracts conflict . R&AW trained and financed the rebels of Shanti Bahini . After China tested its first nuclear weapons on 16 October 1964, at Lop Nur , Xinjiang , India and

4698-522: The borders: Initially, R&AW relied primarily on trained intelligence officers who were recruited directly. These belonged to the external wing of the Intelligence Bureau . Candidates are mostly recruited from the IPS and few other civil services along with candidates from armed forces of India, the latter being in lesser number though. Later, it began directly recruiting graduates from universities. However owing to allegations of nepotism in appointments, in 1983 R&AW created its own service cadre,

4785-664: The bureau on MI5 lines. In 1949, Pillai organised a small foreign intelligence operation, but the Indian debacle in the Sino-Indian War of 1962 showed it to be ineffective. Foreign intelligence failure during the 1962 Sino-Indian War led then-Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru to order a dedicated foreign intelligence agency to be established. After the Indo-Pakistani war of 1965 , the Chief of Army Staff, General Joyanto Nath Chaudhuri , also called for more intelligence-gathering. Around

4872-413: The cover of an Embassy to gather information, set up their own network of informers, moles or operatives as the task may require. Field and arms training is provided in the Indian Military Academy Headquarters at Dehradun . The training model has been criticised as being 'archaic and too police-centric' and not incorporating 'modern technological advances in methods of communication' etc. R&AW has

4959-593: The decryption data. In Fiji , where Fijians with Indian ancestry were being persecuted by Sitiveni Rabuka , R&AW launched an operation involving informants in Australia , New Zealand and UK to successfully oust him from power. In August 1991, R&AW undertook a physical surveillance and tracking operation of Indian nationals from Jammu and Kashmir that were taking weapons training in Qom . Since 2014, R&AW has undertaken numerous identification, physical surveillance and tracking operations, in Malaysia, targeted towards Khalistani organisations. It

5046-431: The end of 1966 the concept of a separate foreign intelligence agency began to take concrete shape. The Indira Gandhi administration decided that a full-fledged second security service was needed. R. N. Kao , then a deputy director of the Intelligence Bureau, submitted a blueprint for the new agency. Kao was appointed as the chief of India's first foreign intelligence agency, the Research and Analysis Wing. The R&AW

5133-458: The event of a coup by rival politician Paul Bérenger . In March 1983, Gandhi ordered the Indian Army and Navy to prepare for a military intervention against a possible coup against the Jugnauth government. But the military intervention was put off by Mrs. Gandhi, after a squabble between the Indian Navy and Army, on who would lead the operation. Instead, she chose to task the Research and Analysis Wing's then chief, Nowsher F. Suntook, with supervising

5220-481: The extent of the Kunduz airlift . In 2017, R&AW undertook counter-terrorism operation, described as “unprecedented in its scale and scope”, foiled a major terrorist attack by an Islamic State - Khorasan suicide bomber in New Delhi. The CIA was also involved in this Operation. The militant was later transferred to a US base in Afghanistan for further questioning. The operation spanned 3 countries and involved 80 Research officers. In November–December 2019,

5307-435: The factions came together and united into a single organization. The resulting BSO eventually came to be called BSO–Azad ("free BSO"), signifying that it is not affiliated to any political party. However, the organization does support Khair Bakhsh Marri , the Baloch Liberation Army and the armed struggle of Brahamdagh Bugti . The National Party and Balochistan National Party then started their own student wings and gave them

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5394-401: The following: The head of R&AW is designated Secretary (R) in the Cabinet Secretariat . Most of the previous chiefs have been experts on either Pakistan or China. They also have the benefit of training in either the USA or the UK, and more recently in Israel . R&AW works directly under the command of the Prime Minister. Its structure and operations are classified. On a daily basis,

5481-400: The garb of a mountaineering expedition to Nanda Devi involved Indian climber M S Kohli who along with operatives of Special Frontier Force and the CIA – most notably Jim Rhyne, a veteran STOL pilot – was to place a permanent ELINT device, a transceiver powered by a plutonium battery, that could detect and report data on future nuclear tests carried out by China. The monitoring device

5568-410: The global intelligence community, playing a role in major events such as accession of the state of Sikkim to India in 1975. Headquartered in New Delhi , R&AW's current chief is Ravi Sinha . The head of R&AW is designated as the Secretary (Research) in the Cabinet Secretariat , and is under the authority of the Prime Minister of India without parliamentary oversight. Secretary reports to

5655-436: The history and ideology of Baloch nationalist movement. Its main objectives are advancing the rights of the Baloch people and the termination of military operations. This group has affiliated itself with the National Party (NP), the ruling party in Baluchistan. NP wants more provincial rights and greater autonomy for Baluchistan province within the parliamentary framework of Pakistan. BSO, led by Chairman Balach Qadir Baloch,

5742-407: The interview, candidates are inducted for a lien period of one year. During this period, they have an option of rejoining their parent service (if they wish to) after which they can be permanently absorbed into the Research and Analysis Service. Delhi-based security think tank Institute for Defence Studies and Analyses noted in one of its reports that R&AW suffered from the 'tail-end syndrome' where

5829-401: The mainstream organization collaborated with the progressive tribal leaders, a faction was opposed to all forms of tribal privileges of the Sardars. They broke off into a separate splinter group Baloch Students Organization – Awami , and allied themselves to Zulfikar Ali Bhutto 's Pakistan Peoples Party . During the Bangladesh Liberation War in 1971, Bhutto formed a tripartite alliance with

5916-406: The morale of the new recruit. This is a ten-day phase in which the inductee is familiarised with the real world of intelligence and espionage , as opposed to the spies of fiction. Common usages, tradecraft techniques and classification of information are taught. Financial and economic analysis , space technology , information security , energy security and scientific knowledge is imbibed to

6003-422: The name of BSO. They are referred to as BSO–Pajjar and BSO–Mohiuddin respectively. BSO–Azad is now considered the most influential political group in Balochistan. BSO–Azad was originally formed in 2002 from the members of BSO–Hayee who wanted to remain independent of political parties. According to some commentators, it advocated armed struggle for an independent Balochistan. Allah Nazar Baloch , who later became

6090-400: The organization conducted many demonstrations in Quetta, protesting the One Unit system and the tribal jirga system. They called for the release of political prisoners. Several leaders later went on to become guerrilla leaders during the 1970s. BSO leader Abdul Hayee Baloch contested the 1970 elections and got elected to the Pakistan National Assembly , as a member of the NAP. Whereas

6177-440: The people of India (R&AW reports to Prime Minister only). Fears arose that it could turn into the KGB of India. Such fears were kept at bay by the R&AW's able leadership (although detractors of R&AW and especially the Janata Party have accused the agency of letting itself be used for terrorising and intimidating opposition during the 1975–1977 Emergency ). The main controversy which has plagued R&AW in recent years

6264-576: The political turmoil in the world which eventually led to the Second World War , the Intelligence Bureau's responsibilities were increased to include the collection of intelligence along India's borders. In 1947, after independence , Sanjeevi Pillai took over as the first Indian Director of the IB. Having been depleted of trained manpower by the exit of the British after Indian independence , Pillai tried to run

6351-548: The residential Training and Language Institute in Gurgaon . A multi-disciplinary school of economic intelligence is also being set up in Mumbai to train intelligence officers in investigating economic crimes like money laundering for terror purposes etc. After completing 'Basic Training' the recruit is now attached to a Field Intelligence Bureau (FIB). Their training here lasts for 1–2 years. They are given firsthand experience of what it

6438-492: The rights of Baloch Students Balochistan within the parliamentary framework of Pakistan. In 2016 an Indian national called Kulbhushan Jadhav was arrested by Pakistani security forces, who claimed that he was an officer on active duty in the Indian Navy with the rank of commander and a spy working for Indian intelligence agencies. They charged him with espionage and released a pre-recorded statement of Jadhav confessing to being

6525-485: The same are present in the public domain. Attached to the Headquarters of R&AW at Lodhi Road , New Delhi are different regional headquarters, which have direct links to overseas stations and are headed by a controlling officer who keeps records of different projects assigned to field officers who are posted abroad. Intelligence is usually collected from a variety of sources by field officers and deputy field officers; it

6612-442: The trainees. The recruit is made to specialise in a foreign language and introduced to Geostrategic analysis . Case studies of other agencies like CIA , KGB , ISI , Mossad and MI6 are presented for study. The inductee is also taught that intelligence organisations do not identify who is friend and who is foe, the country's foreign policy does. Basic classroom training in tactics and language are imparted to R&AW officers at

6699-405: Was an intelligence operative and said the video statement was "tutored." Karima Baloch denied that the BSO had any contacts with the Indian intelligence agency. She stated that theirs was a home-grown movement for the independence of Balochistan and that Pakistan wished to paint it as a proxy war of foreign powers. Research and Analysis Wing The Research and Analysis Wing ( R&AW )

6786-435: Was assassinated on 15 August 1975 at his residence. R&AW operatives claimed that they had advance information about Mujibur Rahman's assassination but Sheikh Mujib tragically ignored inputs. He was killed along with much of his family. Later, R&AW successfully thwarted plans of assassinating Sheikh Hasina Wazed , daughter of Mujibur Rahman, by Islamist extremists . In 1990, R&AW had helped engineer and support

6873-477: Was followed by Zahid Baloch, who was allegedly abducted by unidentified gunmen in March 2014. The BNP and the NP, having lost their affiliated factions to the unified BSO, started new student wings and gave them the name of "BSO." The student wing of National Party is called BSO–Pajjar and that of BNP is called BSO–Mohiuddin. The unified BSO now calls itself BSO–Azad to distinguish itself from these student wings. However, it

6960-517: Was formally arrested at Kempegowda International Airport by Karnataka Police . During the Soviet War in Afghanistan , R&AW had recruited three powerful warlords, including Ahmad Shah Massoud . In 1996, R&AW had built a 25-bed military hospital at the Farkhor Air Base . This airbase was used by the Aviation Research Centre , the reconnaissance arm of R&AW, to repair and operate

7047-458: Was formed in the early 2000s. Though it subscribes to the radical nationalist ideology of Balochistan's secession from Pakistan, it has affiliated itself with the mainstream Balochistan National Party (Mengal) (BNP–M), which is the largest opposition party in the Provincial Assembly of Balochistan . The group has gathered enough support from the student body since its split from the united BSO and demands "total autonomy" for Balochistan. It promotes

7134-513: Was given the responsibility for strategic external intelligence, human as well as technical, plus concurrent responsibility with the Directorate-General of Military Intelligence for tactical trans-border military intelligence up to a certain depth across the Line of control (LOC) and the international border . From its inception R&AW has been criticised for being an agency not answerable to

7221-422: Was granted through Section 24 read with Schedule II of the act. However, information regarding the allegations of corruption and human rights violations has to be disclosed. R&AW has 10 field formations all over India, known as Special Bureaus. These Bureaus have an area of responsibility targeted towards the countries that share land border with India . They are largely located in major cities near or along

7308-399: Was near successfully implanted on Nanda Devi , when an avalanche forced a hasty withdrawal. Later, a subsequent mountain operation to retrieve or replant the device was aborted when it was found that the device was lost. Recent reports indicate that radiation traces from this device have been discovered in sediment below the mountains. In February 2020, Indian Customs officials detained

7395-514: Was setup by Government of India as a super-feeder agency for technical intelligence . While the exact nature of the operations conducted by NTRO is classified, it is believed that it deals with research on imagery and communications using various platforms. The present R&AW objectives include: In the past, following the Sino-Indian war of 1962 and due to India's volatile relations with Pakistan, R&AW's objectives had also consisted of

7482-402: Was to be out in the figurative cold , conducting clandestine operations . During night exercises under realistic conditions, they are taught infiltration and exfiltration . They are also instructed to avoid capture and if caught, how to face interrogation . They will learn the art of reconnoitre , making contacts, and, the numerous skills of operating an intelligence mission . At the end of

7569-542: Was undertaken based on a tip from R&AW. In the early 1970s, the army of Pakistan launched military crackdown in response to the Bangladesh independence movement . Nearly 1 crore (10 million) refugees fled to India. R&AW was instrumental in the formation of the Bangladeshi guerrilla organisation Mukti Bahini and responsible for supplying information, providing training and heavy ammunition to this organisation. It

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