54-466: Gurgaon ( Hindi: [ɡʊɽɡãːw] ), officially named Gurugram ( [ɡʊɾʊɡɾaːm] ), is a satellite city of Delhi and administrative headquarters of Gurgaon district , located in the northern Indian state of Haryana . It is situated near the Delhi – Haryana border, about 30 kilometres (19 mi) southwest of the national capital New Delhi and 268 km (167 mi) south of Chandigarh ,
108-543: A Tour in Eastern Rajputana in 1882–83 (published in 1885) by Alexander Cunningham , the then Director-General of Archaeological Survey of India , he mentions a stone pillar at Gurgaon of a local feudal lord "Durgga Naga" with a 3-line inscription " Samvat 729 or 928, Vaisakh badi 4, Durgga Naga lokatari bhuta" dating back to 672 CE or 871 CE. Jharsa paragana passed to Begum Samru in 1776–77 and came under direct British rule in 1836 after her death when her territory
162-616: A corridor of streets is closed to motor vehicle traffic on Sunday mornings to encourage the use of non-motorized transport and participation in outdoor leisure activities. Gurgaon was the first city in India to implement such a program, followed by New Delhi, and later Noida. Gurgaon is also expected to get India's first pod taxis . Electricity in Gurgaon is provided by the government-owned Dakshin Haryana Bijli Vitran Nigam . Gurgaon has
216-420: A decent condominium in Gurgaon is at least $ 160,130 (₹ One crore). Gurgaon is divided into 36 wards, with each ward further divided into blocks. The housing type in the city consists largely of attached housing, though many attached multi-dwelling units , including apartments , condominiums and high rise residential towers are getting popular. Gurgaon has a complex park system, with various lands operated by
270-627: A distance of 11.7 kilometres (7.3 mi). One more phase of the project is in the pipeline and would take the total number of subway stations in the city to 16. An estimated 33,000 people ride the Rapid Metro every day, which provides an exclusive elevated transit service with three coach trains that run in a loop. Gurgaon is served by Delhi's Indira Gandhi International Airport , which is located just outside of Gurgaon city limits near National Highway 8. In November 2013, Gurgaon launched an Ciclovia -inspired initiative known as Raahgiri Day —in which
324-622: A flood problem due to the limited drainage capacity. The region of Gurgaon originally fell under the Kuru Kingdom . Early people to inhabit the region were Hindus ruled over by the Ahir clan. Yadu tribes were a part of this clan and today their descendants commonly hold the last name Yadav . In late 4th century BCE, the city was absorbed by the Maurya Empire as part of Chandragupta Maurya 's earliest expansions of his kingdom. Gurgaon may be same as
378-525: A maximum temperature of 48.1 °C (118.6 °F), the hottest day in May in 56 years. Time and Date (dewpoints, 1985-2015) The Gurgaon city area has an estimated population of 876,969, according to the 2011 Census of India . Hinduism is the most popular religion in Gurgaon, followed by Islam, and Sikhism. There are small numbers of Christian, and Buddhist followers. Gurgaon has adherents of Hinduism , Sikhism , Islam , Buddhism , Jainism , Christianity and
432-655: A metropolis and experiences high levels of cross-commuting (that is, residents commuting out of and employees commuting into the city). Satellite cities are different from and are sometimes confused with the following related patterns of development. Satellite cities differ from suburbs in that they have distinct employment bases, commuter sheds, and cultural offerings from the central metropolis, as well as an independent municipal government. Satellite cities are not bedroom communities . Satellite cities differ from edge cities , which are suburbs with large employment bases and cultural offerings, in that satellite cities must have
486-520: A part of the Haryana Police and reports to the Haryana state government. Gurgaon Police has a separate traffic police department headquartered in sector 51. Fire protection within the city limits is provided by Municipal Corporation of Gurugram through four fire stations, located in sector 29, sector 37, Udyog Vihar and Bhim Nagar. In 2018, the first cyber police station was inaugurated in the city. As per
540-587: A power consumer base of 360,000 with an average power load of 700-800 MW. There are frequent power outages in the city, especially during the peak consumption season of summer. Apart from the power deficit, the equipment used by the power department like transformers, panels and transmission lines are either old or overburdened. Gurgaon is notorious for its urban floods every monsoon. The areas on NH-8 around Hero Honda Chowk, Basai, Dhankot, sector 37 etc. see massive urban floods and headlines grabbing traffic jams reported widely in news media. A recent research report puts
594-631: A proposal to officially rename the city Gurugram ( Sanskrit : गुरुग्राम, lit. village of the Guru ), subject to the approval of the Haryana cabinet and the Union Government . He argued that the new name would help to preserve the "rich heritage" of the city by emphasising its history and mythological association with Drona. On 27 September 2016, he officially announced that the Union Government had approved
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#1732844388394648-520: A sports hostel, and Nehru Stadium which is designed for football and athletics. Amity United FC is a tenant of Tau Devi Lal Stadium. Gurgaon district has nine golf courses and is described as the "heart of India's golfing country". Joginder Rao , a domestic cricket player, was from Gurgaon. Gurgaon has the third highest per-capita income in India and is the site of Indian offices for half of Fortune 500 companies. The city also benefits from its close proximity to Delhi. Maruti Suzuki Private Limited
702-425: A temple was built in her honour by the villagers and she began to be remembered as Mata Sheetla or Mata Masani, i.e. 'the goddess of smallpox'. A legend says that even after Singha had brought and installed the goddess Masani, after her own heart's desire, at village Gurugram, the residents of Keshopur continued to dispute the claims of Gurugram folks. This controversy was put at rest during the time of Begum Samru ,
756-606: A total area of 232 square kilometres (90 sq mi). The average land elevation is 217 metres (712 ft) above sea level. Gurgaon lies on the Sahibi River , a tributary of Yamuna which originates from the Aravalli range in Rajasthan and flows through west and South Haryana into Delhi where it is also known as the Najafgarh drain . The paleochannel and the current course of
810-447: A true historic downtown , a distinct independent municipal government , existed as a city prior to becoming interconnected with the larger metropolitan core, and are surrounded by a belt of rural land between themselves and the central city. Conceptually, both satellite cities and some types of edge cities could be (and once were) self-sufficient communities outside of their larger metropolitan areas but have become interconnected due to
864-512: Is a Hindu temple dedicated to the goddess Shitala (Sheetla), wife of Guru Dronacharya who was the teacher of the Pandavas and Kauravas according to an Indian epic Mahabharata . The temple is located on Sheetla Mata Road in old Gurugram ( earlier known as Gurgaon ) city of Gurugram district in the state of Haryana in India. The shrine is visited by large numbers of people during Navaratri and other festivals. The Sheetla Mata temple
918-464: Is a smaller municipality or settlement that is part of (or on the edge of) a larger metropolitan area and serves as a regional population and employment center. It differs from mere suburbs , subdivisions and especially bedroom communities in that it has employment bases sufficient to support its residential population, and conceptually, could be a self-sufficient community outside of its larger metropolitan area. However, it functions as part of
972-718: Is categorised as very high on the Human Development Index , with an HDI of 0.889 (2017). Gurgaon's economic growth started in the 1970s when Maruti Suzuki India Limited established a manufacturing plant and gathered pace after General Electric established its business outsourcing operations known as Genpact in the city in collaboration with real-estate firm DLF . New Gurgaon , Manesar and Sohna serve as adjoining manufacturing and upcoming real estate hubs for Gurgaon. Despite rapid economic and population growth, Gurgaon continues to battle socio-economic issues, such as high-income inequality and high air pollution. It also has
1026-450: Is dedicated to Shirdi Sai Baba and has a life size idol of him. Gurgaon has architecturally noteworthy buildings in a wide range of styles and from distinct time periods. Gurgaon's skyline with its many skyscrapers is nationally recognised, and the city has been home to several tall buildings with modern planning. Gurgaon has an estimated 1,892 high-rises. The average cost of a 93-square-metre (1,000 sq ft) two-bedroom apartment at
1080-538: Is dedicated to the wife of Guru Dronacharya , Kripi (Kirpai), also called Lalitha. Kirpai, also called Lalita and later Mata Sheetla, used to live in Keshopur village located in the nearby Union Territory of Delhi . Dronacharya her husband used to visit her daily at Keshopur from his Gurugram ashram. She devoted herself to look after the sick children, specially those suffering from the smallpox. People called her Mata (Mother) out of affection and respect. After her death
1134-566: Is governed by the Municipal Corporation of Gurugram, which follows a mayor-council system. In 2017, the GMDA (Gurugram Metropolitan Development Authority) was formed, which looks after the city's infrastructure. As per the authorities, the following is the key crime data of Gurgaon for 2022: The police department in Gurgaon is headed by the Commissioner of Police - Gurgaon Police, which forms
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#17328443883941188-798: Is modernising four railway stations in Gurgaon. Gurgaon railway station, Ghari Harsaru Railway Junction and Farrukhnagar Railway Station will be developed and modernised with modern amenities and international facilities. There are five stations served by Delhi Metro Rail Corporation Ltd. located on the Yellow Line , which are Millennium City Centre , IFFCO Chowk , MG Road , Sikanderpur and Guru Droncharya . There are plans to extend metro coverage in future. The Rapid Metro has eleven stations in Gurgaon, with an interchange with Yellow Line of Delhi Metro at Sikanderpur metro station . The Rapid Metro became operational in November 2013 and currently covers
1242-754: Is one of the last surviving natural forests in NCR is protected by Gurjars of nearby area. Contiguous to Mangar bani are Gwal Pahari and Bandhwari forested area. All of these lie on the Southern Delhi Ridge of Aravalli range. Under the Köppen climate classification , the climate of Gurgaon is an overlap between a monsoon-influenced humid subtropical climate ( Köppen Cwa ) and a hot semi-arid climate ( Köppen BSh ). The city experiences four distinct seasons – spring (February–March), summer (April–August), autumn (October–November) and winter (December–January) – along with
1296-425: Is proportionally close enough and physically integrated enough with Dallas to be considered a twin rather than a satellite. However, Waco, Texas is a satellite town of both cities. Generally speaking, cities that are listed as being part of the same urbanized area should be considered twins, rather than one having a satellite relationship to the other. Conceptually, satellite cities are miniature metro areas on
1350-422: Is the 8th largest city in the country in terms of total wealth. It serves as the headquarters of many of India's largest companies , is home to thousands of startup companies and has local offices for more than 250 Fortune 500 companies. It accounts for almost 70% of the total annual economic investments in Haryana state, which has helped it become a leading hub for high-tech industry in northern India. Gurgaon
1404-489: The Baháʼí Faith , among others. There are several places of worship for major religions, including mandirs , gurdwaras , mosques and churches . Sheetla Mata Mandir , located at the heart of Gurgaon, is a temple dedicated to the wife of Guru Dronacharya , Kripi. The temple hosts fairs and people come to seek blessings of Sheetla Mata, earlier known as Kripi. Sai Ka Aangan temple, spread over an area of 36,000 square feet,
1458-775: The Central Board of Secondary Education , Indian Certificate of Secondary Education and International Baccalaureate boards. Key schools in the city include Alpine Convent School , Ambience Public School , Amity International School, Blue Bells Model School , Delhi Public School , Gems International School , Gurugram Public School , Heritage Xperiential Learning School , K R Mangalam World School , Lancers International School , MatriKiran, Ryan International School , SCR Public School , Shalom Hills International School , The Shri Ram School and Vega Schools . There are several universities and institutes, offering bachelor's, master's, doctorate and other programs, located in Gurgaon and
1512-430: The monsoon season (June–September) setting in towards the latter half of the summer. Summers, from early April to September, are typically hot and humid, with an average daily June high temperature of 40 °C (104 °F). The season experiences heat indices easily breaking 43 °C (109 °F). Winters are cool and foggy with few sunny days. The Western Disturbance brings some rain in winters that further adds to
1566-414: The uptown variety of edge cities, but the terms are not synonymous. In some cases, large metropolitan areas have multiple centers of close-to-equal importance. These multi-polar cities are often referred to as twin cities . Multi-polar cities differ from satellite cities in the following ways: For example, Fort Worth, Texas is a twin of Dallas, Texas because though Fort Worth is somewhat smaller, it
1620-574: The "Command Serai" or Officer's Mess" ) was built by the Britishers in 1925 inside the civil lines. Other British colonial era historic buildings The Gurgaon Club, a 3-room building surrounded by the lawn and currently run by the Zila Parishad , the erstwhile Coronation School—now renamed to the Government Boys' Senior Secondary School, one of the 13 school established in India in 1911 to commemorate
1674-556: The Governor of Jharsa under the Mughals. Her child who had contracted smallpox was cured after being consecrated in the prescribed manner before the goddess Masani at Gurugram. It was then finally established that the goddess had begun to live at village Gurugram. The current temple was built in the 18th century by the Hindu Jat king Jawahar Singh of Bharatpur , in memory of his victory over
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1728-674: The Gudapura town mentioned in the 12th century text Prithviraja Vijaya . According to the text, Nagarjuna, a cousin of the Chahamana king Prithviraj Chauhan , rebelled against the king and captured the town. Prithviraj crushed the rebellion and recaptured the town. During the Mughal and initially during the British colonial era , Gurgaon was just a small village in Jharsa paragana of Delhi subah . Report of
1782-728: The Gurgaon Metropolitan Development Authority. The key parks are Leisure Valley Park in Sector 29, which is over 15 hectares (36 acres); Tau Devi Lal Biodiversity Botanical Garden in Sector 52; Navisha Park in Malibu Towne, Sector-47; Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose Park in Sector 14, popularly known as HUDA Garden; Tau Devi Lal park in Sector 23; and Aravali Biodiversity Park on MG Road. There are local parks in almost all sectors in Old Gurgaon. Notable performing art venues in
1836-747: The Sahibi river have series of biodiversity hotspots and Important Bird Area (IBA) wetlands and forests within Gurugam, including the Outfall Drain Number 6 (canalised portion in Haryana of Sahibi river), Outfall Drain Number 8 (canalised portion in Haryana of Dohan river which is a tributary of Sahibi river), Sarbashirpur wetland, Sultanpur National Park , Basai wetland , Najafgarh lake and Najafgarh drain bird sanctuary , Ghata lake, Badshahpur lake, Khandsa lake and The Lost lake of Gurgaon. Other IBA wetlands along
1890-546: The Saibi river, outside Gurgaon district, are the Masani barrage wetland, Matanhail forest , Chhuchhakwas-Godhari , Khaparwas Wildlife Sanctuary , Bhindawas Wildlife Sanctuary , etc. All of these are home to endangered and migratory birds. Most of these largely remain unprotected. These are under extreme threat mainly from the colonisers and builders. Mangar Bani , a sacred grove and forest with wetlands between Gurgaon and Faridabad,
1944-486: The authorities, around 1,500 complaints related to cybercrime, including cyber fraud, online banking fraud, cheating through bank cards, social media complaints & data theft, are received every month. Due to a shortage of in-house cyber experts, the police largely outsource such cases to external organisations. The city's public school system is managed by the government of Haryana and administered by Haryana Board of School Education . There are other schools affiliated to
1998-505: The blame on the broken natural water body linkage and obstructions in the flow in the city due to frantic construction during the last decades. The HUDA master drainage lines get choked or burst at the seams. Disruptions in the hydrological flow of natural drains and limited drainage capacity are all primary reasons for the floods. Gurgaon's Ghata Jheel, Badshahpur Jheel, Khandsa Talab were linked to Najafgarh drain which links to Yamuna river , via natural water channels and drains. As per
2052-468: The chill. Spring and autumn are mild and pleasant seasons with low humidity. The monsoon season usually starts in the first week of July and continues till August. Thunderstorms are not uncommon during the monsoon. The average annual rainfall is 648.6 millimetres (25.5 in). The highest ever temperature recorded is 49.0 °C (120.2 °F) on 10 May 1966 and the lowest ever is −0.4 °C (31.3 °F) on 5 December 1966. On 15 May 2022 Gurgaon recorded
2106-410: The city include Air India . IndiGo , SpiceJet , and Vistara . All the major companies in the city depend on their own backup, given the fact that Gurgaon does not have a reliable power and water supply, public transport or utilities. OMC Power is a distributed energy company headquartered in Gurgaon. Retail is an important industry in Gurgaon, with the presence of 26 shopping malls. Gurgaon
2160-562: The city include Epicentre in Sector 44 and Nautanki Mehal at the Kingdom of Dreams near IFFCO Chowk. Bollywood actor Rajkummar Rao was born in Gurgaon. The main language spoken in Gurgaon is Hindi , though a segment of the population understands and speaks English. The dialect used in Hindi is similar to that of Delhi, and is considered neutral, though the regional influences from the states of Haryana, Uttar Pradesh and Punjab adds an accent to
2214-549: The coronation of King George V . During 1980s, the airstrip and hangar , air conditioned yoga ashram and TV studio were built on outskirts of the city by former Prime Minister Indira Gandhi 's yoga mentor Dhirendra Brahmachari . The former Prime Minister Chandra Shekhar established his own ashram near this airstrip in 1983 on 600 acre of panchayat land, where another godman Chandraswami and notorious Saudi arms dealer Adnan Khashoggi used to visit him. On 12 April 2016, Chief Minister of Haryana Manohar Lal Khattar announced
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2268-611: The fringe of larger ones. Satellite cities are sometimes listed as part of the larger metro area and sometimes listed as totally independent. In the United States, satellite cities are often (but not always) listed as independent Metropolitan Statistical Areas within a single Combined Statistical Area that is unified with the larger metropolis. Sheetla Mata Mandir Gurgaon Traditional Sheetla Mata Temple ( / ˈ ʃ iː t l ə ˈ m ɑː t ə / SHEET -lə MAH -tə , Hindi: [ʃɾiː ˈʃiːtlaː maːˈtaː ˈməndɪr] )
2322-432: The ground reports and research, the three natural water bodies are struggling for their existence with encroachments on their lands and natural channels. Agencies responsible have tried to create artificial water bodies to compensate, but the efforts fail due to unpredictable rain and water flow patterns leading to deployment of water pumps to fight the situation. Satellite city A satellite city or satellite town
2376-484: The lack of proper public transport and the inability of most of the employees to afford a personal vehicle, most of the call centres provide pooled-in cars to and from their offices. Apart from business process outsourcing and IT sectors, the city is home to several other companies that specialise in domain expertise. Siemens Industry Software , in Gurgaon Business Park, made a portfolio of design software that
2430-519: The language. English is spoken with an Indian accent, with a primarily North Indian influence. Since Gurgaon has many international call centres , the employees are usually given formal training in neutral pronunciation in order to be understandable to native English speakers. Haryanvi and Punjabi are other popular languages spoken in the city. The city has two major sports stadiums: Tau Devi Lal Stadium in Sector 38, which has facilities for cricket , football , basketball and athletics as well as
2484-511: The name change, and thus the city and district would henceforth be known as Gurugram, though the old name "Gurgaon" still lingers in the colloquial usage. Gurgaon is located in Gurgaon district in the Indian state of Haryana and is situated in the southeastern part of the state, and northern part of the country. The city is located on the border with Delhi with New Delhi to its northeast. The city has
2538-656: The road that runs from Delhi to Mumbai. While the 27.7-kilometre (17.2 mi) Delhi-Gurgaon border-Kherki Dhaula stretch has been developed as the Delhi–Gurgaon Expressway , the rest is expanded to six lanes. Gurgaon railway station is operated by Northern Railway of Indian Railways . The rail station forms a part of the larger Indian Railways network. Along with that, Gurgaon has Tajnagar railway station, Dhankot railway station, Ghari Harsaru Railway Junction and Farrukhnagar Railway Station, Patli Railway Station. Under Modernisation of Railway Stations, Indian Railways
2592-497: The state capital. It is one of the major satellite cities of Delhi and is part of the National Capital Region of India . As of 2011, Gurgaon had a population of 876,969. Gurgaon is India's second largest information technology hub and third largest financial and banking hub. Gurgaon is also home to one of India's largest medical tourism industries. Despite being India's 56th largest city in terms of population, Gurgaon
2646-581: The suburban expansion of the larger metropolis. However, while edge cities may have their own government and share many characteristics with satellite cities, they are much more physically integrated with the core city and would not exist in anything like their present form if not for the suburban expansion of their larger neighbor. Edge cities are activity nodes within a metro area, not miniature metro areas themselves. Some satellite cities that are particularly close or well connected to their larger neighbors and/or have their own historic downtown may also qualify as
2700-419: The surrounding area, including Gurugram University , Sushant University , The NorthCap University , GD Goenka University , K.R. Mangalam University , Amity University , Management Development Institute , Great Lakes Institute of Management , Infinity Business School , BML Munjal University , Shree Guru Gobind Singh Tricentenary University . The major highway that links Gurgaon is National Highway 48 ,
2754-544: Was distributed among the prominent Jat zamindars of the area. In 1818, Bharawas district was disbanded and Gurgaon was made a new district. In 1821, the Bharaswas cantonment was also moved to Hidayatpur in Gurgaon. "Aliwardi mosque" in Gurgaon, " Badshahpur baoli " (1905). and " Bhondsi " (16th to 17th century) were built during mughal and British era. The "Church of the Epiphany" and "Kaman Serai" (Corrupted form of
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#17328443883942808-506: Was taken over by the British who established a civil lines at Jharsa and a cavalry cantonment at nearby Hiyadatpur. An 1882 land revenue settlement report records that the idol of Sitla Mata was brought to Gurgaon 400 years earlier (15th century). Begum Samru claimed the offering to Sitla Mata temple during the Chaitra month and the revenue from the offerings given to the deity for rest of the month
2862-506: Was the first company that set up a manufacturing unit in the city in the 1970s, making cars. Eventually, DLF Limited , a real estate company, acquired vast stretches of land in the city. The first major American brand to set up a unit in Gurgaon was General Electric in 1997. GE's setup in Gurgaon prompted other companies, both international and domestic, to follow suit providing outsourcing solutions in software, IT, service and sales through delivery facilities and call centres. However, due to
2916-403: Was used by NASA to digitally design, simulate and assemble the vehicle before any physical prototypes were built. Various international companies, including Coca-Cola , Pepsi , BMW , Agilent Technologies , and Hyundai , have chosen Gurgaon as their Indian corporate headquarters; this continues to in the 2020s, with Cargill and Nissan making the same choice. Companies with head offices in
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