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69-399: The LG V20 was the first smartphone released with Nougat in 2016. Nougat introduces notable changes to the operating system and its development platform, including the ability to display multiple apps on-screen at once in a split-screen view, support for inline replies to notifications, and an expanded Doze power-saving mode that restricts device functionality once the screen has been off for

138-469: A 3,200 mAh removable battery. The removable aluminum alloy cover, as well as the removable battery, is designed to act as shock and impact dissipation in the event that the V20 is dropped, in which case both will pop out from the main body and absorb the impact, dispersing the weight over the battery and cover, leaving the main components and screen less affected by drop damage compared to other smartphones. This makes

207-450: A 3,200mAh removable battery. The LG V20 continues the user-friendly hardware access design of the LG G5 , having a removable back chassis of aluminum alloy for a significantly streamlined and convenient battery removal as well as easy access to internal components for any repairs, with polycarbonate plastic top and bottom caps, a USB-C connector compliant with Qualcomm's Quick Charge 3.0 , and

276-522: A contest to determine the official release name of the operating system. Beta Preview 4 was released on June 15, 2016. On June 30, 2016, Google announced that N's release name would be " Nougat "; it was also confirmed that Nougat would be version 7.0 of Android. The final Beta Preview, 5, was released on July 18, 2016. Android 7.0 was officially released on August 22, 2016, with the Nexus 6 , 5X , 6P , 9 , Nexus Player , Pixel C , and General Mobile 4G as

345-507: A device's thermal profile , a new head tracking algorithm which combines the input from various device sensors, and integration of system notifications into the VR user interface. In response to the Stagefright family of bugs disclosed and fixed in 2015, several changes were made to harden the media stack against future vulnerabilities. Runtime integer overflow detection was implemented, preventing

414-627: A foundation on which to begin developing a low-level API that they could standardize across the industry. Vulkan is intended to provide a variety of advantages over other APIs as well as its predecessor, OpenGL . Vulkan offers lower overhead, more direct control over the GPU, and lower CPU usage. The overall concept and feature set of Vulkan is similar to concepts seen in Mantle and later adopted by Microsoft with Direct3D 12 and Apple with Metal . Intended advantages of Vulkan over previous-generation APIs include

483-683: A hardware-focused event on October 4, 2016, with the Pixel phones replacing the Nexus series. Updates to existing devices vary by manufacturer and carrier, and driver support for the version by the manufacturer of a device's respective system-on-chip. Major manufacturers, including HTC , Sony , and Motorola announced intents to update a range of their recent devices to Nougat. Qualcomm stated that it would not support Nougat on devices using its Snapdragon 800 and 801 system-on-chips for undisclosed reasons. Although developer preview builds of Nougat were released for

552-721: A new API existed beforehand and referred to it as " glNext ". In early 2015, LunarG (funded by Valve ) developed and showcased a Linux driver for Intel which enabled Vulkan compatibility on the HD 4000 series integrated graphics, despite the open-source Mesa drivers not being fully compatible with OpenGL 4.0 until later that year. There is still the possibility of Sandy Bridge support, since it supports compute through Direct3D11. On August 10, 2015, Google announced that future versions of Android would support Vulkan. Android 7.x "Nougat" launched support for Vulkan on August 22, 2016. Android 8.0 "Oreo" has full support. On December 18, 2015,

621-501: A next generation graphics API in July 2014 with a kickoff meeting at Valve . At SIGGRAPH 2014, the project was publicly announced with a call for participants. According to the US Patent and Trademark Office, the trademark for Vulkan was filed on February 19, 2015. Vulkan was formally named and announced at Game Developers Conference 2015, although speculation and rumors centered around

690-408: A period of time. A new "Data Saver" mode restricts background mobile data usage, and can trigger internal functions in apps that are designed to reduce bandwidth usage, such as capping the quality of streaming media. In December 2015, Google announced that Android Nougat would switch its Java Runtime Environment from the defunct Apache Harmony to OpenJDK —the official open source implementation of

759-479: A period of time. Additionally, the platform switched to an OpenJDK -based Java environment and received support for the Vulkan graphics rendering API , and seamless system updates on supported devices. Nougat received positive reviews. The new app notification format received particular praise; while the multitasking interface was seen as a positive change, reviewers experienced that several apps were incompatible with

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828-607: A rear-mounted power button with an integrated fingerprint reader. It is available in Dark Grey (named "Titan"), Pink, and Silver color finishes. The V20 features a 5.7-inch 1440p IPS LCD display with up to 500 nits of brightness, coated in Gorilla Glass 4 , utilizing the Qualcomm Snapdragon 820 processor with 4 GB of LPDDR4 RAM . The device includes 64 GB of internal storage, expandable via microSD card up to 2TB, and

897-701: A strong combination of features, including user-replaceable battery, higher quality audio than the competition and strong camera hardware and software. It also had an infrared (IR) blaster that allowed it to control televisions and other remote controlled devices. As part of its focus on audio and video, it had several strong points. It was one of the few phones at the time with an ultrawide camera, as well as laser autofocus. It had high acoustic overload point(AOP) microphones that allowed recording in very loud concert settings. It also had configurable bitrate video and audio recording, with lossless audio and steerable sound focus and waveform display while recording. As of Q1 2021,

966-593: Is an Android phone manufactured by LG Electronics , in its LG V series , succeeding the LG V10 released in 2015. Unveiled on September 6, 2016, it was the first phone with the Android Nougat operating system. Like the V10, the V20 has a secondary display panel near the top of the device that can display additional messages and controls, and a quad DAC for audio. The V20 has a user-replaceable battery, unlike its successor,

1035-516: Is greater per-app control over notifications. A split-screen display mode was introduced for phones, in which two apps can be snapped to occupy halves of the screen. An experimental multi-window mode is also available as a hidden feature, where multiple apps can appear simultaneously on the screen in overlapping windows. Picture-in-picture support was added for Android TV . The "Doze" power saving mechanism introduced in Android Marshmallow

1104-631: Is incomplete Vulkan support for Haswell with it not being Vulkan 1.0 compliant. Apart from Haswell, Ivy Bridge and Broadwell are also supported by a legacy Vulkan driver in Mesa called HASVK. Skylake and newer being supported by a driver in Mesa called ANV. On Windows, Vulkan 1.2 is supported from GCN 1.0 to GCN 3.0, with no further updates planned after June 2021. GCN 4.0 and newer support Vulkan 1.3. On Linux there are various different Vulkan drivers with varying and overlapping hardware support. There

1173-493: Is still a great option for a lot of use cases, as it comes at a much lower complexity and maintenance burden than Vulkan, while in many cases still providing great overall performance." AMD states that "Vulkan supports close-to-metal control, enabling faster performance and better image quality across Windows 7, Windows 8.1, Windows 10, and Linux. No other graphics API offers the same powerful combination of OS compatibility, rendering features, and hardware efficiency." Vulkan 1.0

1242-510: Is the first version featuring Unicode 9.0 support, and comes with updated emoji, plus support for emoji skin tones. Android 7.1 adds native API support for implementing image keyboards; multi-endpoint telephones; shortcut menus and rounded icon assets for apps on launchers; and support for the Google Daydream virtual reality platform. The Daydream environment includes a "sustained performance mode" to assist developers in optimizing apps to

1311-487: Is the open-source Vulkan driver called AMDVLK, developed by AMD which mirrors Windows support. There is also the proprietary driver called AMDGPU-PRO which is not recommended to be used for most users as of March 2023. There is also the recommended driver called RADV in Mesa developed by Valve, Red Hat, Google and others. This driver as of March 2023 supports all GCN and RDNA cards. This RADV driver's support for GCN 1.0 through GCN 2.0 requires its experimental support in

1380-672: The AudioServer can access Bluetooth , and libstagefright now runs within the MediaCodecService sandbox, which is only granted GPU access. Further constraints were placed on the media stack through seccomp . Various mechanisms were enabled to reduce the possibility of malicious code being injected and/or executed inside the Linux kernel , including dividing kernel memory into logical segments for code and data, with page access permissions of read-only and no-execute as appropriate. The kernel

1449-452: The GPU . It is designed to support a wide variety of GPUs, CPUs and operating systems, and it is also designed to work with modern multi-core CPUs. Vulkan targets high-performance real-time 3D-graphics applications, such as video games and interactive media , and highly parallelized computing . Vulkan is intended to offer higher performance and more efficient CPU and GPU usage compared to

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1518-558: The Google Daydream VR platform, image keyboards, expanded emoji support (including male and female versions), support for actions to be displayed in menus on home screen app shortcuts, and other new features. A preview of 7.1 for existing Nexus devices was released via Android Beta Program later in the month, and officially released as Android 7.1.1 on December 5, 2016. As of 7.1.1, the Nexus 6 and Nexus 9 were considered end-of-life, and did not receive any further updates. Android 7.1.2

1587-457: The Google I/O developer conference, Google released the first alpha version of Android "N" as part of a new "Android Beta Program" intended for testing by developers and enthusiasts before official its release "this summer". The developer preview builds were compatible with only current Google Nexus devices; the 5X , 6P , 6 , 9 , Pixel C , and Nexus Player . The "Android Beta Program" that

1656-452: The LG V30 , unveiled on 31 August 2017. The LG V20 was released in 2016 as LG's second V-series flagship smartphone. Its list of specifications includes the Qualcomm Snapdragon 820 system-on-chip, 4GB of RAM and 64GB of storage, 5.7-inch Quad HD (2560×1440) IPS LCD with additional secondary display, dual 16MP (75°, f/1.8) + 8MP (135°, f/2.4) rear cameras, 5MP (120°, f/1.9) front-facing camera, and

1725-428: The bootloader on US996, allowing them to be rooted and custom ROM images to be installed if available. There is no LG support for unlocking the V20 bootloader; it is reported to be possible though means of DirtySanta (except H918 which instead relies on Lafsploit), but difficult and with the risk of damaging the phone, and custom ROM images such as LineageOS have been unofficially produced. The V20 released with

1794-471: The "Verified Boot" policy (introduced partially on KitKat, and displaying notifications on startup on Marshmallow) must be strictly enforced. If system files are corrupted or otherwise modified, the operating system will only allow operation in a limited-use mode or will refuse to boot at all. Android Nougat supports an alternative drive encryption scheme known as "file-based encryption". As opposed to full disk encryption , it allows less-sensitive contents of

1863-655: The CPU can be used in conjunction with a high-end dedicated GPU for a slight performance boost. On March 7, 2018, Vulkan 1.1 was released by the Khronos Group. This first major update to the API standardized several extensions, such as multi-view, device groups, cross-process and cross-API sharing, advanced compute functionality, HLSL support, and YCbCr support. At the same time, it also brought better compatibility with DirectX 12, explicit multi-GPU support, ray tracing support, and laid

1932-512: The Doze power-saving feature, stating his "Nexus 6P seemed to gain about an hour or two of standby battery life". He also wrote that installing and launching apps might be "a little faster than usual" thanks to Nougat's new app compiler, and he hoped game developers would utilize the new Vulkan API for some "seriously good-looking mobile gaming". LG V20 Current: Android 8.0 "Oreo" (international) Android 9.0 "Pie" (F800L/S/K only) LG V20

2001-504: The Java platform maintained by Oracle Corporation and the Java community. The Android Runtime (ART) now incorporates a profile-guided compilation system, utilizing a JIT compiler and profiling alongside its current ahead-of-time compiler to further optimize apps for a device's hardware and other conditions in the background. Nougat introduces a system for enabling "seamless", automatic system updates, based upon and sharing some code with

2070-402: The Khronos Group announced that OpenCL would converge where possible with Vulkan to enable OpenCL software deployment flexibility over both APIs. This has been now demonstrated by Adobe 's Premiere Rush using the clspv open source compiler to compile significant amounts of OpenCL C kernel code to run on a Vulkan runtime for deployment on Android. The Khronos Group began a project to create

2139-682: The Khronos Group announced that the 1.0 version of the Vulkan specification was nearly complete and would be released when conforming drivers were available. The full Vulkan specification and the open-source Vulkan SDK were released on February 16, 2016. On February 26, 2018, Khronos Group announced that the Vulkan API became available to all on macOS and iOS through the MoltenVK library, which enables Vulkan to run on top of Metal . Other new developments were shown at SIGGRAPH 2018. Previously MoltenVK

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2208-509: The LG V20 one of the most drop shock resistant, durable and resilient consumer smartphones currently available. Similar to the V10, a second, supplemental display is located at the top of the device to the right of the 120° wide-angle front-facing camera. The secondary separate display can be used to show notifications, access controls, and apps, as well as display time and incoming messages. Both screens were made larger and brighter than those found on

2277-540: The OS as welcome changes, including quick toggles in the notification drawer, a Settings menu with more visual information, and a Camera app that has been "cleaned up a bit". Bohn stated that he didn't notice any significant battery improvements despite the Doze power-saving feature in Nougat. He also wrote extensively about the fact that, even though Nougat is "great", "it’s a shame it will take so long for anybody to see it", writing about

2346-621: The Raspberry Pi Foundation announced that it was working on an open source Vulkan driver for their Raspberry Pi , a popular single board computer. On June 20, 2020, a graphics engineer revealed that he had created one after two years of work that was capable of running VkQuake3 at over 100FPS on the small computer. On March 17, 2020, Khronos Group released the Ray Tracing extensions, based on Nvidia 's proprietary extension, with some major extensions and many minor changes, which in turn

2415-466: The V10. Additional features include an IR blaster, FM radio, a dedicated 24-bit high fidelity audio recorder able to record up to 24-bit/192 kHz with manual channel controls for effective noise elimination of up to 50% in audio/video recording compared to other smartphone audio recorders, Bluetooth 4.2, NFC, as well as dual sim support for the H990N/H990DS international versions which doesn't take

2484-462: The V20 remains the only phone with a user-replaceable battery, DAC audio, 3.5mm headphone jack and IR transmitter. The phone developed a cult following, despite the bloatware and lack of an easily unlocked bootloader. Vulkan (API) Vulkan is a low-level, low- overhead cross-platform API and open standard for 3D graphics and computing . It was intended to address the shortcomings of OpenGL , and allow developers more control over

2553-1086: The Vulkan 1.2 standard. On August 1, 2022, Raspberry Pi Foundation announced that their driver for the Raspberry Pi 4 is Vulkan 1.2 conformant. On September 1, 2022, Mesh Shading for Vulkan was released. A new Vulkan Roadmap was announced on January 25. A new extension for decoding AV1 video was released on February 1. Initial specifications stated that Vulkan drivers can be implemented on any hardware that supports OpenGL ES 3.1 or OpenGL 4.x and up. As Vulkan support requires new graphics drivers, this does not necessarily imply that every existing device that supports OpenGL ES 3.1 or OpenGL 4.x will have Vulkan drivers available. As of March 2023, Intel has split Vulkan driver support on Windows and on Linux . All drivers are developed by Intel. On Windows, Skylake to Ice Lake supports up to Vulkan 1.3, with limited support after July 2022 as future updates will only cover security fixes. Iris Xe and newer are fully supported as of March 2023. On Linux, as of March 2023 there

2622-469: The ability to expand a bundled Gmail notification to see subjects and senders of individual messages. Velazco stated that split-screen multitasking was a "big deal", but he also encountered non-compatible apps. Visual elements in the Settings app, quick toggles in the notification dropdown, and new language and emoji support were also positive highlights in the review. Velazco did note a battery improvement from

2691-407: The background to a redundant "offline" partition. On the next boot following the installation of an update, the redundant partition is designated as active to boot into the updated OS. This system removes the requirement for the device to reboot into the system recovery environment to apply the update (which prevents the device from being used until the update is complete), and also provides a backup of

2760-700: The binary format that HLSL shaders are compiled into in Direct3D . By allowing shader pre-compilation, application initialization speed is improved and a larger variety of shaders can be used per scene. A Vulkan driver only needs to perform GPU specific optimization and code generation, resulting in easier driver maintenance, and potentially smaller driver packages. The developers of applications now can also more easily obfuscate proprietary shader code, due to shaders not being stored directly as source code, however tools are provided that can decompile SPIR-V to human-readable high-level code . In 2016 NVIDIA stated that "OpenGL

2829-482: The device's Adreno 330 graphics core. The Fairphone 2 is purported to be the only device with the Qualcomm Snapdragon 801 chipset to provide official support for Android 7.1.2, delivering on their effort towards increased longevity for a more sustainable device. A post-release update known as Android 7.1 was pre-loaded onto Google's Pixel and Pixel XL smartphones released in October 2016; the new version added support for

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2898-605: The device, Sony stated that it would not upgrade the Xperia Z3 (which uses the Snapdragon 801) to the final version due to "unforeseen platform limitations". It was reported that the Google Compatibility Test Suite (whose tests must be passed in order to receive official certification) specified that all devices running Nougat must support either Vulkan or OpenGL ES 3.1 graphics APIs—neither of which are supported by

2967-547: The existing OS in case of failure. Google chose to enable seamless updates only for devices shipped with Nougat (or later), rather than enabling earlier devices to support the feature after repartitioning. Additionally, due to the ART changes on Nougat, apps no longer need to be re-compiled upon the first boot after a system update. Developer Preview 2 added platform support for Vulkan , a new low-level 3D -rendering API alternative to OpenGL ES with higher graphics performance. Nougat

3036-438: The feature. Critics had mixed experiences with the Doze power-saving mode, but faster app installs and tweaks to the user interface were also reviewed positively. As of December 2022, 4.02% of devices ran Android Nougat, with 1.6% on 7.1.x and 2.42% on 7.0. Android Nougat went unsupported with no more security updates after October 2019. The release was internally codenamed "New York Cheesecake". On March 9, 2016, ahead of

3105-506: The first devices to receive the update. Dave Burke, Android's Vice President of Engineering, stated in August 2016 that updates to Nougat would be released quarterly as maintenance releases focusing on "continued refinements and polish". On September 6, 2016, LG announced the V20 , the first smartphone to ship with Nougat pre-installed. Google unveiled the first-party Pixel and Pixel XL smartphones during

3174-547: The first time ("Direct boot"). In the meantime, background services can access data they store in the device-encrypted context (such as alarms or messaging notifications, particularly after automatic reboots due to updates or crashes) to maintain limited functionality until the user unlocks the credential-encrypted storage. Dieter Bohn of The Verge praised the new multitasking interface in Android Nougat, calling it "long overdue" for Android tablets. Although he initially found

3243-705: The following: Vulkan is available on multiple modern operating systems and architectures , and provides a single API for both desktop and mobile graphics devices, whereas previously these were split between OpenGL and OpenGL ES respectively. Like OpenGL, and in contrast to Direct3D 12, the Vulkan API is not locked to a single OS or device form factor. Vulkan runs natively on Android , Linux , BSD Unix , QNX , Haiku , Nintendo Switch , Raspberry Pi , Stadia , Fuchsia , Tizen , and Windows 7 , 8 , 10 , and 11 . MoltenVK provides freely licensed third-party support for macOS , iOS and tvOS by wrapping over Apple's Metal API. Vulkan reduces load on CPUs through

3312-451: The groundwork for the next generation of GPUs. Alongside Vulkan 1.1, SPIR-V was updated to version 1.3. On January 15, 2020, Vulkan 1.2 was released by the Khronos Group. This second major update to the API integrates 23 additional commonly-used proven Vulkan extensions into the base Vulkan standard. Some of the most important features are "timeline semaphores for easily managed synchronization", "a formal memory model to precisely define

3381-497: The implementation "confusing", he wrote that it worked well once he understood it properly, though he noted that "some apps don't fully support split screen, while others work fine but pop up a warning anyway". Bohn also liked the new way to reply to any message notification, stating "Android has long had an advantage in useful and consistent notifications" versus iOS , and added "now that quick replies are standard on it I don't see that lead diminishing". He also noted "tweaks" throughout

3450-516: The implementation of similar functionality on ChromeOS . The system uses a pair of partitions. During the pre-release phase of development, SquashFS had been considered as the filesystem, to help offset the extra storage overhead of maintaining two copies of these partitions. However, for performance reasons, in the public release of Nougat, designers ultimately chose to continue using Android's traditional ext4 filesystem. The Android system executes from an "online" partition, while updates are applied in

3519-477: The lack of updates to most Android devices, and that "unless you have a Nexus, it could be a few months, it could be a year [ sic ], before it becomes available on your phone". Chris Velazco of Engadget also praised the new, bundled app notifications, writing that prior Android versions' notifications "just sort of sit there" until interaction, but Nougat "does a much better job of bundling them by app and letting you get things done". He highlighted

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3588-426: The majority of Stagefright-like programming bugs from becoming vulnerabilities, in addition to helping fix and prevent such bugs. Android's monolithic MediaServer process was redesigned to better adhere to the principle of least privilege . MediaServer is now split into several separate processes, each running in its own unprivileged sandbox , and granted only the permissions required for its task. For example, only

3657-660: The microSD card slot like in most other dual sim supported smartphones. The V20 shipped with Bang & Olufsen H3 in-ear headphones for a limited time, and the phone's audio specifications and sound is tuned by the same company in some countries, including the international variants (indicated by the B&;O logo on the back of the cover). Every model of the V20 includes the dedicated ESS Sabre ES9218 32-bit Hi-Fi Quad DAC, able to drive up to 600 ohm headphones to enhance wired headphones sound output quality with specifications of 130 dB SNR, 124 dB DNR and -112 dB THD+N. The LG V20

3726-479: The modernized threading architecture. OpenGL uses the high-level language GLSL for writing shaders , which forces each OpenGL driver to implement its own compiler for GLSL. This then executes at application runtime to translate the program's shaders into the GPU's machine code. In contrast, Vulkan drivers are supposed to ingest shaders already translated into an intermediate binary format called SPIR-V (Standard Portable Intermediate Representation), analogous to

3795-408: The older OpenGL and Direct3D 11 APIs. It does so by providing a considerably lower-level API for the application than the older APIs, that more closely resembles how modern GPUs work. Vulkan is comparable to Apple's Metal API and Microsoft's Direct3D 12 . In addition to its lower CPU usage, Vulkan is designed to allow developers to better distribute work among multiple CPU cores . Vulkan

3864-424: The semantics of synchronization and memory operations in different threads", and "descriptor indexing to enable reuse of descriptor layouts by multiple shaders". The additional features of Vulkan 1.2 improve its flexibility when it comes to implementing other graphics APIs on top of Vulkan, including "uniform buffer standard layout", "scalar block layout", and "separate stencil usage". On January 25, 2022, Vulkan 1.3

3933-412: The storage—such as operating system files—to be encrypted using only a hardware key rather than requiring credentials. Sensitive user data remains encrypted using credentials. File-based encryption removes the requirement for pre-boot authentication : instead, Android boots normally without additional intervention, but access to credential-protected data is restricted until the user unlocks the device for

4002-503: The use of batching and other low-level optimizations, therefore reducing CPU workloads and leaving the CPU free to do more computation or rendering than would otherwise be possible. Direct3D 11 and OpenGL 4 were initially designed for use with single-core CPUs and only received augmentation to be executed on multi-cores. Even when application developers use the augmentations, these APIs regularly do not scale well on multi-cores. Vulkan offers improved scalability on multi-core CPUs due to

4071-550: Was a proprietary and commercially licensed solution, but Valve made an arrangement with developer Brenwill Workshop Ltd to open-source MoltenVK under the Apache 2.0 license and as a result the library is now available on GitHub . Valve also announced that Dota 2 can as of February 26, 2018 run on macOS using the Vulkan API, which is based on MoltenVK. On February 25, 2019, the Vulkan Safety Critical (SC) Working Group

4140-477: Was also restricted from directly accessing user space memory , and stronger stack protection was enabled in the GCC compiler to reduce stack smashing . To limit exposure of the kernel to potentially malicious code, perf was disabled by default, ioctl commands were restricted by SELinux , and seccomp-bpf was enabled to grant processes the ability to restrict system calls . On devices shipping with Android Nougat,

4209-607: Was announced to bring Vulkan GPU acceleration to safety critical industries. Google's Stadia streaming cloud gaming service used Vulkan on Linux based servers with AMD GPUs . On January 15, 2020, Vulkan 1.2 was released. Alongside the Vulkan 1.2 release, the Khronos Group posted a blog post which considered that HLSL support in Vulkan had reached "production ready" status, given the improvements in Microsoft's DXC compiler and Khronos's glslang compiler, and new features in Vulkan 1.2 which enhance HLSL support. On February 3, 2020,

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4278-419: Was based on Nvidia's OptiX API. On November 23, 2020, these Ray Tracing extensions were finalized. On November 24, 2020, Raspberry Pi Foundation announced that their driver for the Raspberry Pi 4 is Vulkan 1.0 conformant. On January 25, 2022, Vulkan 1.3 was released. On March 1, 2022, Vulkan SC 1.0 was released, bringing Vulkan graphics and compute for the safety-critical industry while being based on

4347-455: Was expanded to include a state activated when the device is running and the screen has been off for a period of time but is not stationary. In this state, network activity is restricted, and apps are granted "maintenance windows" in which they can access the network and perform background tasks. As in Marshmallow, the full Doze state is activated if the device is stationary with its screen off for

4416-404: Was first announced by the non-profit Khronos Group at GDC 2015. The Vulkan API was initially referred to as the "next generation OpenGL initiative", or "OpenGL next" by Khronos, but use of those names was discontinued when "Vulkan" was announced. Vulkan is derived from and built upon components of AMD 's Mantle API, which was donated by AMD to Khronos with the intent of giving Khronos

4485-512: Was introduced allowed testers to opt-in for over-the-air updates to new beta versions as they were released. On April 13, 2016, Android N Beta Preview 2 was released. Google further discussed Android "N" during the I/O keynote on May 18, 2016, and unveiled its new virtual reality platform, Daydream . Beta Preview 3, the first preview release deemed suitable for wider public beta testing, was released at this time. Google also announced that it would hold

4554-478: Was released by the Khronos Group. This third major update to the API integrates 23 additional commonly-used proven Vulkan extensions into the base Vulkan standard. Vulkan 1.3 focuses on reducing fragmentation by making the new features not optional in order for a device to be considered Vulkan 1.3 capable. The new features in Vulkan 1.3 include dynamic rendering, additional dynamic state, improved synchronization API, and device profiles. When releasing OpenCL 2.2,

4623-455: Was released in April 2017, providing various improvements and minor functionality improvements to Nexus and Pixel-branded devices. Nougat redesigns the notification shade, which now features a smaller row of icons for settings, replacing notification cards with a new "sheet" design, and allowing inline replies for notifications. Multiple notifications from a single app can also be "bundled", and there

4692-527: Was released in February 2016. At SIGGRAPH 2016, Khronos announced that Vulkan would be getting support for automatic multi-GPU features, similar to what is offered by Direct3D 12. Multi-GPU support included in-API removes the need for SLI or Crossfire which requires graphics cards to be of the same model. API multi-GPU instead allows the API to intelligently split the workload among two or more completely different GPUs. For example, integrated GPUs included on

4761-454: Was the most powerful smartphone to have a removable battery at the time, having later been superseded by the newer Fairphone devices. Videos can be recorded with FLAC (lossless) audio tracks. The V20 ships with Android 7.0 Nougat and LG UX 5.0+ software. It was the first Android device to ship with Nougat. Updates to Android 8.0 Oreo for various models were released, but later versions are not supported. LG supports unlocking

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