Gorilla Glass , developed and manufactured by Corning , is a brand of chemically strengthened glass now in its ninth generation. Designed to be thin, light, and damage-resistant, its surface strength and crack-resistance are achieved through immersion in a hot potassium - salt ion-exchange bath.
52-713: The alkali - aluminosilicate sheet glass is primarily used as cover glass for portable electronic devices, including smartphones , smartwatches , portable media players , portable computer displays, and television screens. It is manufactured in Harrodsburg , Kentucky ; Asan , South Korea ; and Taiwan . As of October 2017, Gorilla Glass was used in approximately five billion devices worldwide. Despite its market dominance, Gorilla Glass faces competition from similar products, including AGC Inc. 's Dragontrail , Schott AG 's Xensation, and synthetic sapphire . Corning experimented with chemically strengthened glass in 1960 as part of
104-481: A basic , ionic salt of an alkali metal or an alkaline earth metal . An alkali can also be defined as a base that dissolves in water . A solution of a soluble base has a pH greater than 7.0. The adjective alkaline , and less often, alkalescent , is commonly used in English as a synonym for basic, especially for bases soluble in water. This broad use of the term is likely to have come about because alkalis were
156-451: A "Project Muscle" initiative. Replacement of smaller sodium ions with larger potassium ones by a chemical treatment in order to improve the compressive strength of the surface layer of a glass was first developed by Steven Kistler in 1962. Soon Corning researchers found that addition of aluminium and zirconium oxides improved the qualities even further. Within a few years they had developed a "muscled glass" marketed as Chemcor . The product
208-584: A challenge against Apple's iPod line, which by that time did not have a portable video player. Creative Technology planned to be the first to introduce a player based on PMC. Digital video recorders (DVC) were highly prolific during the show of 2004, as well as the HDMI interface. The Blu-ray Group held at the PRIL April 2004 CES the first US press conference to promote the Blu-ray Disc format. The 2005 CES
260-447: A flexible glass based on borosilicate glass , launched for use as a display substrate. Ceramic Shield , a ceramic-hardened front glass, was co-developed with Apple and is used on all iPhones from iPhone 12 onwards (except the third-generation iPhone SE ). Alkali In chemistry , an alkali ( / ˈ æ l k ə l aɪ / ; from the Arabic word al-qāly , القلوي ) is
312-693: A preview version of Windows XP Media Center Edition at CES 2002. The Memory Stick PRO was introduced as a joint effort between Sony and SanDisk . Adobe announced Adobe Photoshop Album to import, organize and edit digital photos, and allows quick and easy searching and sharing of entire photo collections. Pentax announced the OptioS digital camera. Sony launched its first DVD Handycam Camcorders . Olympus announced weather proof metal body Olympus mju U10D, S300D, u300D and 400 Digital cameras. The first handheld video players based on Microsoft's Portable Media Player (PMC) were introduced. The media saw this as
364-520: A single product could incorporate both Gorilla Glass and Lotus Glass. On February 2, 2012, Corning Incorporated and Samsung Mobile Display Co., Ltd. signed an agreement to establish a new equity venture for the manufacture of specialty glass substrates for the OLED device market in Korea. The joint venture is based on Lotus Glass. Lotus XT Glass became available in 2013. In 2012, Corning introduced Willow Glass ,
416-710: A typical glass surface, thereby improving display readability. It was first used on the Samsung Galaxy S24 Ultra . Gorilla Glass 7i was introduced in June 2024, specifically targeting intermediate and value-segment smartphones. It offers enhanced drop protection and scratch resistance, outperforming competitive lithium aluminosilicate glasses. According to Corning, Gorilla Glass 7i can withstand drops from up to one meter onto rough surfaces, an improvement over similar materials that typically fail at half that height, while also being up to two times as scratch-resistant. Superfest
468-472: Is a chemically hardened glass also known as Ceverit and CV-Glas. It was developed in East Germany in the 1970s. On October 26, 2011, Corning announced the commercial launch of Lotus Glass , designed for OLED and next-generation LC displays. The intrinsic thermal consistency of Lotus Glass allows it to retain its shape and quality during high-temperature processing. Decreased compaction and variation during
520-722: Is an annual trade show organized by the Consumer Technology Association (CTA). Held in January at the Las Vegas Convention Center in Winchester, Nevada , United States, the event typically hosts presentations of new products and technologies in the consumer electronics industry. CES 2024 was held from Jan 9–12. Press days started two days prior. The first CES was held in June 1967 in New York City . It
572-521: Is immersed in a molten alkaline potassium salt at a temperature of approximately 400 °C (750 °F), wherein smaller sodium ions in the glass are replaced by larger potassium ions from the salt bath. The larger ions occupy more volume and thereby create a surface layer of high residual compressive stress , giving the glass surface increased strength, the ability to contain flaws, and overall crack-resistance, making it resistant to damage from everyday use. Gorilla Glass, initially featured on
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#1732868831888624-527: The Philips Compact Cassette analog audio tape system: MiniDisc created by Sony and Digital Compact Cassette (DCC), created by Philips and Matsushita . In a one-time experiment, the 1993 Summer CES was open to the general public. Major announcements during this edition were: AT&T displayed prototype AT&T 3DO units at the Winter CES. The 1998 CES was dominated by players for
676-661: The Summer Consumer Electronics Show (SCES). The winter show was held in Las Vegas in 1995 as planned. However, since the summer Chicago shows were beginning to lose popularity, the organizers decided to experiment by having the show travel around to different cities starting in 1995 with a planned show in Philadelphia at the Pennsylvania Convention Center . However, the inaugural E3 gaming show
728-762: The "Best of Innovators" award for Personal Electronics. It is the only British company to have won this award. The 2006 exhibition took place on January 5–8, 2006, at the Las Vegas Convention Center, the Sands Convention Center , the Alexis Park hotel and the Las Vegas Hilton hotel. HDTV was a central theme in the Bill Gates keynote as well as many of the other manufacturer's speeches. The standards competition between HD DVD and Blu-ray Disc
780-813: The 1970 CES, Philips unveiled the first-ever home VCR , the N1500 videocassette recorder. Until that point, VCRs cost upward of $ 50,000 and were used mainly by TV stations, but the Philips model with a built-in tuner was just $ 900. The 1976 Winter CES was held January 7–9 in Chicago at the Conrad Hilton Hotel. Per the show guide, it included video (with television receivers and video systems panels), audio (including CB radio, radio, audio compacts, audio components, and tape equipment panels), and calculator and watch areas (considered separate component conferences). Speakers included
832-614: The 1981 CES, Philips and Sony introduced the CD player , which they had developed together. The 1982 Summer CES in Chicago at McCormick Place saw the first appearance of the Commodore 64 and General Consumer Electronics' Vectrex . In 1983, Summer CES retired to McCormick Place in Chicago and featured the introduction of the Coleco Adam and the Atari 600XL . The Amiga was first shown publicly at
884-638: The 1984 Summer CES. In addition, Japanese jazz fusion artist Ryo Kawasaki performed with the Commodore 64 as a demo for the Kawasaki Synthesizer . At the 1985 Summer CES, Nintendo unveiled the Nintendo Entertainment System (NES), the American version of its Famicom, with a new case redesigned by Lance Barr and featuring a " zero insertion force " cartridge slot. The video game Tetris
936-663: The CES portion of the show was cancelled. In 1998, the show changed to a once-a-year format, with Las Vegas as the location. In Las Vegas, the show is one of the largest (the other being CONEXPO-CON/AGG ), taking up to 18 days to set up, run and break down. The first CES was held in New York City from June 24 to 28, 1967. The 200 exhibitors attracted 17,500 attendees to the Hilton and Americana hotels over those four days. Also displayed were pocket radios and TVs with integrated circuits . At
988-520: The FTC's Joan Bernstein on "The Warranty Law – Its Status and Impact", and the FCC's Richard M. Smith on "Regulating Citizens' Band Radios". The 1976 Summer CES was also held June 13–16 in Chicago at McCormick Place. The Atari VCS was shown publicly for the first time at the 1977 CES. The 1979 Winter CES was held in January in Las Vegas. Atari 400 and 800 computers were introduced. Bill Gates appeared at CES for
1040-528: The Las Vegas Hilton, with contributions from Olli-Pekka Kallasvuo , CEO of Nokia and John Chambers , CEO of Cisco . In the gaming section for Windows Vista and DirectX 10, there were two games shown: Age of Conan and Crysis . The 2008 exhibition was from January 7 to 10, 2008, in Las Vegas with 141,150 attendees. Bill Gates gave the keynote speech, in which he formally announced his retirement from his day-to-day duties at Microsoft. Along with
1092-530: The Sunday evening. The opening keynote was presented by Gary Shapiro (President/CEO of the Consumer Electronics Association , which hosts the event), with Ed Zander , Chairman/CEO of Motorola . Other keynote speakers scheduled included Robert Iger from The Walt Disney Company , Michael Dell , founder of Dell Inc., and Leslie Moonves of CBS . Finally, Industry Insider presentations moved to
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#17328688318881144-424: The announcement, he presented a lengthy comedy skit on what his last day with Microsoft would be like, complete with cameos from celebrities including Jay-Z , Steven Spielberg , Barack Obama , Hillary Clinton and many others. Panasonic attracted much attention by releasing a 150" Plasma TV as well as a 50" TV as thin as 0.46 inches (11.6 mm). The 2009 exhibition, held January 7–10, 2009, returned to
1196-586: The burgeoning DVD format, with a variety of features and price points. The DIVX format was also showcased, but received relatively little attention, and no companies had DIVX players on display. Microsoft and chair Bill Gates officially unveiled the final design of its Xbox console and controller. The Rechargeable Battery Recycling Corporation (RBRC) announced expansion of Charge Up to Recycle! program to include all consumer rechargeable batteries, adding Nickel Metal Hydride (Ni-MH), Lithium Ion (Li-Ion), and Small VRLA (SSLA/Pb). Microsoft demonstrated
1248-533: The context of chemistry and chemical engineering . There are various, more specific definitions for the concept of an alkali. Alkalis are usually defined as a subset of the bases. One of two subsets is commonly chosen. The second subset of bases is also called an " Arrhenius base ". Alkali salts are soluble hydroxides of alkali metals and alkaline earth metals , of which common examples are: Soils with pH values that are higher than 7.3 are usually defined as being alkaline. These soils can occur naturally due to
1300-418: The crystallization and activation step further reduce stress and distortions to the substrate. This enables tighter design rules in advanced backplanes for higher resolution and faster response time. According to Corning, Gorilla Glass is specifically a cover glass for the exterior of display devices while Lotus Glass is designed as a glass substrate to be used within liquid crystal display panels. In other words,
1352-450: The first bases known to obey the Arrhenius definition of a base, and they are still among the most common bases. The word alkali is derived from Arabic al qalīy (or alkali ), meaning ' the calcined ashes ' (see calcination ), referring to the original source of alkaline substances. A water-extract of burned plant ashes, called potash and composed mostly of potassium carbonate ,
1404-529: The first time, introducing the first BASIC compiler for the Apple II . Texas Instruments showed off the TI-99/4. The 1979 Summer CES was held June 3–6 in Chicago at McCormick Place . Features (per the show guide) included personal communications, retail advertising, promotion and store layout, exports, video, audio, auto sound/telephone sales, and a large series of retail sales and sales management breakouts. At
1456-494: The first-generation iPhone would eventually come to be known as Gorilla Glass, officially introduced in February 2008. Corning further developed the material for a variety of smartphones and other consumer electronics devices for a range of companies. Corning markets the material's primary properties as its high scratch-resistance (protective coating) and its hardness (with a Vickers hardness test rating of 622 to 701), which allows
1508-458: The glass to be thin without being fragile. The glass can be recycled. In December 2015, Ford announced that it would use the material for the windshield and rear window of its second-generation Ford GT sports car going on sale in 2016. It later spread to mainstream models such as the Ford F-150 and Jeep Wrangler . During its manufacture, the glass is toughened by ion exchange . The material
1560-467: The material was melted in laboratories, with the prediction of the optimal composition obtained through the application of rigidity theory . The first phone to use Gorilla Glass 3 was the Samsung Galaxy S4 . When Gorilla Glass 3 was announced, Corning indicated that areas for future improvements included reducing reflectivity and susceptibility to fingerprint smudges, changing surface treatments, and
1612-499: The name to the element potassium , which was first derived from caustic potash, and also gave potassium its chemical symbol K (from the German name Kalium ), which ultimately derived from al k ali. Alkalis are all Arrhenius bases , ones which form hydroxide ions (OH ) when dissolved in water. Common properties of alkaline aqueous solutions include: The terms "base" and "alkali" are often used interchangeably, particularly outside
Gorilla Glass - Misplaced Pages Continue
1664-537: The original iPhone upon its release in June 2007, was formally unveiled in February 2008. By 2010, the glass had been used in approximately 20% of mobile handsets worldwide, or about 200 million units. Gorilla Glass 2 was introduced in January 2012. The second generation is 20% thinner than the original Gorilla Glass. It was first used on the Samsung Galaxy S III . In October 2012, Corning announced that over one billion mobile devices used Gorilla Glass. Gorilla Glass 3
1716-578: The presence of alkali salts. Although many plants do prefer slightly basic soil (including vegetables like cabbage and fodder like buffalo grass ), most plants prefer mildly acidic soil (with pHs between 6.0 and 6.8), and alkaline soils can cause problems. In alkali lakes (also called soda lakes ), evaporation concentrates the naturally occurring carbonate salts, giving rise to an alkalic and often saline lake. Examples of alkali lakes: CES 2013 CES ( / ˌ s i . i . ˈ ɛ s / ; formerly an initialism for Consumer Electronics Show )
1768-612: The same as previous years: the Las Vegas Convention Center was the center of events, with the adjacent Las Vegas Hilton, and the Sands Expo and Convention Center hosting satellite exhibitions. The location for the main keynotes was the other major change for 2007. Previously held at the Las Vegas Hilton's Main Theater, they staged for the first time at The Palazzo Ballroom in The Venetian. Bill Gates gave his ninth pre-show keynote address on
1820-476: The same technology. Games for NEC's TurboGrafx-16 , Sega Genesis , and SNK's Neo-Geo took center stage. Winter CES was held in Las Vegas. A major video game of the show was Street Fighter II on the SNES. In the summer CES held in Chicago and dominated by video game products, Apple Inc. unveiled its Newton MessagePad . First recorders introduced for the two rival digital systems targeted as replacements for
1872-772: The scratch resistance of Gorilla Glass 5, but is designed to withstand multiple drops from even greater heights. It was first used on the Samsung Galaxy S10 . Gorilla Glass DX and DX+ were introduced in July 2018, following the launch of Gorilla Glass 6. An extension of Gorilla Glass SR+, Gorilla Glass DX features enhanced antireflective optics with the same scratch resistance of Gorilla Glass, while Gorilla Glass DX+ provides enhanced antireflective optics with superior scratch resistance. While primarily intended for wearable mobile devices, developments were underway to adapt these new glass composites to larger form-factor devices. Gorilla Glass DX+
1924-488: The time, it was brought into commercial use with the launch of the iPhone in June 2007. The iPhone that Steve Jobs revealed in January 2007 still featured a plastic display. The day after he held up the plastic iPhone on stage, Jobs complained about scratches that had developed on the phone's display after carrying it around in his pocket. Apple then contacted Corning and asked for a thin, toughened glass to be used in its new phone. The scratch-resistant glass that shipped on
1976-523: The way the glass is finished. Antimicrobial Gorilla Glass, with antibacterial ionic silver incorporated into its surface, was introduced and demonstrated at CES 2014 in January. Gorilla Glass 4 was introduced in November 2014. It has better damage resistance and capability to be made thinner with the same performance as its predecessor. It was first used on the Samsung Galaxy Alpha . Gorilla Glass 5
2028-583: Was a spinoff of the Chicago Music Show which, until then, had served as the main event for exhibiting consumer electronics. The event had 17,500 attenders and over 100 exhibitors; the kickoff speaker was Motorola chairman Bob Galvin . From 1978 to 1994, CES was held twice each year: once in January in Las Vegas as the Winter Consumer Electronics Show (WCES) and once in June in Chicago as
2080-401: Was conspicuous, with some of the first HD movie releases and first HD players being announced at the show. Philips showed a rollable display prototype whose screen can retain an image for several months. Hillcrest Labs won the "Best Of Innovations" award in the video accessories category for software and hardware that allows a television to be controlled with natural gestures. Attendance
2132-565: Was first shown publicly in the U.S. at the 1988 Summer CES. The game John Madden Football was unveiled at the 1991 CES. Winter CES saw unveiling of Game Gear . In Summer CES, Sony revealed a Super Famicom with a built-in CD-ROM drive, that incorporated Green Book technology or CD-i , called "Play Station" (also known as SNES-CD ). However, a day after the announcement at CES, Nintendo announced that it would be breaking its partnership with Sony, opting to go with Philips instead while using
Gorilla Glass - Misplaced Pages Continue
2184-517: Was first used on the Samsung Galaxy Note 20 Ultra . In July 2021, Corning announced that it will bring its Gorilla Glass DX and DX+ glass composites to cover smartphone camera lenses and said that Samsung would be the first customer to adopt them. The first Samsung phones to use Gorilla Glass DX protection for the cameras were the Galaxy Z Fold 3 and the Galaxy Z Flip 3 . Gorilla Glass Victus 2
2236-552: Was first used on the Samsung Galaxy S23 series. Gorilla Glass's ninth generation, branded as Gorilla Armor, was introduced in January 2024. Although Corning hasn't directly compared it to the previous generation, the company claims that the glass performs up to three times better in drop tests onto concrete and is four times more scratch-resistant than competitive aluminosilicate cover glasses. Additionally, it enhances visual clarity by reducing reflectance by up to 75% compared to
2288-562: Was first used on the Samsung Galaxy Watch . Gorilla Glass 3+ was introduced in August 2019. It was designed for intermediate and value-segment mobile devices, and its drop performance bridges the gap between Gorilla Glass 3 and Gorilla Glass 5 in this market segment. Gorilla Glass Victus was introduced in July 2020. It improves both drop and scratch performance and is claimed by Corning to be twice as scratch-resistant as Gorilla Glass 6. It
2340-483: Was from January 6 to 9, 2005, in Las Vegas, Nevada, at the Las Vegas Convention Center . The event started off with a twist when the main keynote address by Microsoft chairman Bill Gates went wrong, as his demonstration of the Xbox 360 resulted in an out of memory error , much to the amusement of the onlookers. Samsung showed off a 102-inch (2.6 m) plasma television . Zimiti Ltd (renamed Boardbug Ltd in 2007) won
2392-432: Was introduced at CES 2013 on January 7. According to Corning, the material is up to three times more scratch-resistant than the previous version, with enhanced ability to resist deep scratches that typically weaken glass. Promotional material for Gorilla Glass 3 claims that it is 40% more scratch-resistant in addition to being more flexible. The design of Gorilla Glass 3 was Corning's first use of atomic-scale modeling before
2444-456: Was introduced in July 2016. It offers better resistance to cracking from drops and was first used on the Samsung Galaxy Note 7 . Gorilla Glass SR+ was introduced in August 2016. It was designed for wearable mobile devices, focusing on toughness, scratch resistance, and optical clarity. It was first used on the Samsung Gear S3 smartwatch. Gorilla Glass 6 was introduced in July 2018. It has
2496-446: Was introduced in November 2022. The second-generation Victus has a new composition for improved drop performance on rough surfaces like concrete. In terms of scratch resistance, it is said to be similar to its predecessor. However, according to user reports, the glass is susceptible to micro-scratches, and it has been suggested that this could be due to the use of softer materials for improved resistance to shattering. Gorilla Glass Victus 2
2548-423: Was mildly basic. After heating this substance with calcium hydroxide ( slaked lime ), a far more strongly basic substance known as caustic potash ( potassium hydroxide ) was produced. Caustic potash was traditionally used in conjunction with animal fats to produce soft soaps , one of the caustic processes that rendered soaps from fats in the process of saponification , one known since antiquity. Plant potash lent
2600-573: Was over 150,000 individuals in 1.67 million net square feet of space, making it the largest electronics event in the United States. In a break from recent tradition, the 2007 CES exhibition did not begin on a Thursday, nor span a weekend. It ran from Monday to Thursday on January 8–11, 2007. The venues also changed slightly, with the high-performance audio and home theater expo moving from the Alexis Park venue to The Venetian . The remaining venues were
2652-766: Was scheduled to be held on the West Coast in May and proved a source of increasing competition, causing the Philadelphia Summer CES show to be cancelled. The 1996 Winter show was again held in Las Vegas in January, followed by a Summer show this time in Orlando, Florida ; however, only a fraction of the traditional exhibitors participated. The next "Summer" show was scheduled to be held in conjunction with Spring COMDEX in Atlanta ; however, when only two dozen-or-so exhibitors signed on,
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#17328688318882704-437: Was used until the early 1990s in commercial and industrial applications, including automotive, aviation and pharmaceutical uses, notably in approximately 100 Dodge Dart and Plymouth Barracuda racing cars in 1968, where minimizing the vehicle's weight was essential. Experimentation was revived in 2005, investigating whether the glass could be made thin enough for use in consumer electronics. Although not called Gorilla Glass at
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