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24-654: Alexander Stepanovich Kuchin (Russian: Александр Степанович Кучин ; 28 September 1888 in Onega  – 1913? in an unknown place in the Kara Sea ) was a young Russian oceanographer and Arctic explorer. Hailing from a humble background, Alexander Kuchin became a seaman in a Norwegian ship already when he was seventeen. The young man loved the Norwegian language , which he mastered in one year. In 1907 Alexander Kuchin worked in Bergen , at

48-452: A Norwegian Biological Station, becoming a student of oceanography expert Professor Bjorn Helland-Hansen . Meanwhile, his enthusiasm for the Norwegian language was such that he wrote a "Small Russian-Norwegian dictionary" ("Малый русско-норвежский словарь") in order to share his knowledge with his compatriots. In 1910–1911, Alexander Kuchin was the only foreigner on Amundsen 's expedition to

72-571: A bay on the White Sea , which routinely freezes in winter. The town is also served by the Arkhangelsk – Murmansk rail line, which branches off in Obozerskaya railway station from the railroad between Moscow and Arkhangelsk and runs west to Onega and Belomorsk where it joins the railroad between Petrozavodsk and Murmansk . The railroad was built during World War II to secure the transport of goods from

96-495: A collision between Volgotanker's Nefterudovoz-57M and the Latvian Zoja-I during such a transfer caused an oil spill . As a result, fines were paid, and the company did not get a permit for similar operations in the following year. As of 2005, plans were in the works, by a different operator (ARM-Nefteservis), to set up oil transfer operations at a floating terminal off Osinki Island again. This time, oil would be delivered by

120-485: A rapid ). The river name is traditionally explained as related to Finnish Enojoki - the main river, stream. The Onega basin area has an important historical and cultural significance. Kargopol is one of the oldest cities in Russian North (the traditional foundation date in the 12th century, first mentioned in the 14th century), and it still contains a big number of architectural and historical monuments. Oshevensk on

144-477: The town of oblast significance of Onega —an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the districts . As a municipal division , the town of oblast significance of Onega is incorporated within Onezhsky Municipal District as Onezhskoye Urban Settlement . The economy of the town is based on timber industry. There is also production of construction materials. Onega is a minor port on

168-627: The Kolosovykh group. Two small islets off Salisbury Island in Franz Josef Land have been named after Alexander Kuchin. Aslaug Paulson, Alexander Kuchin's Norwegian fiancée, died in 1987. Onega, Arkhangelsk Oblast Onega ( Оне́га ) is a town in the northwest of Arkhangelsk Oblast , Russia, situated at the mouth of the Onega River , a few kilometers from the shore of the Onega Bay of

192-664: The South Pole on the Fram . He made numerous observations in the Southern Atlantic as an oceanographer and navigator. After his return to Norway, in December 1911, Alexander Kuchin was engaged to 18-year-old Aslaug Paulson, the daughter of Andreas Paulson , a prominent Norwegian journalist. In 1912, Kuchin returned to Russia, where he joined Vladimir Rusanov 's expedition as captain of the ship Gerkules to Svalbard . This expedition's goal

216-566: The White Sea . Population: 21,359 ( 2010 Census ) ; 23,430 ( 2002 Census ) ; 26,070 ( 1989 Soviet census ) . The Pomor village of Ust-Onega ( Усть-Оне́га ) was first mentioned in Novgorodian documents in the 14th century. In 1699, it was designated as one of the 4 ports in Russia whose exports to Britain were subject to the monopoly enjoyed by the Russia Company . It

240-636: The biggest lakes of Arkhangelsk and Vologda Oblasts, such as Lake Vozhe , Lake Lacha, Lake Lyokshmozero , Lake Kenozero , Lake Undozero , and Lake Kozhozero , as well as Kenozersky National Park . The whole valley of the Onega is populated, with the exception of the stretch between Severoonezhsk and Yarnema , in Plesetsky District. There are two towns located on the river Onega, Kargopol close to its source and Onega in its mouth. There are also two urban-type settlements, located opposite to each other in

264-571: The coniferous forests ( taiga of spruce, pine, and larch), mostly among the swamps . There are only four bridges across the Onega: one in Kargopol on the road connecting Kargopol to Nyandoma , one in the village of Sorokinskaya, on Onezhsky Trakt , the road connecting Kargopol to Plesetsk and Yemetsk , one combined road and railway bridge connecting Oksovsky and Severoonezhsk, and one railway bridge in Porog on

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288-525: The harbor of Murmansk to central Russia. Onega is connected to Severodvinsk by a road. There are no all-seasonal roads on the left bank of the Onega River. The Onega is navigable downstream from the selo of Porog ; there is regular passenger navigation. There is also limited passenger service on the Onega Bay . The Onega is served by the Onega Airport which does not have regular flights. Close to

312-482: The lack of protection and their number steadily diminishes. In fact, the majority of them have been lost. The river splits into the Big Onega and Little Onega 75 kilometres (47 mi) from its estuary , but then these branches join again, forming a big flat island. It freezes up in late October - early December and stays under the ice until mid-April - May. It was used for timber rafting . The Onega flows among

336-571: The left bank of the Onega is the location of the former Alexandro-Oshevensky Monastery . Another historically important monastery in the Onega basin is the Kozheozersky Monastery on an island in the Lake Kozheozero. Some of the finest monuments of the northern wooden architecture are located in the basin of the Onega, including ensembles of Lyadiny , Saunino Pogost , Krasnaya Lyaga , and Bolzhaya Shalga . These monuments also suffer from

360-487: The middle course of the river, Oksovsky (right bank) and Severoonezhsk (left bank). 155 kilometres (96 mi) of the river's lower course, between the village of Gorodok and the selo of Porog, is listed in the State Water Register of Russia as navigable. The rest of the Onega is notable for the rapids , spread everywhere between Kargopol and Gorodok, and also located downstream from Porog (the name Porog means

384-641: The railway to the Shendunets station nearby, and pumped to the floating terminal by an underwater pipeline. The only state museum in the town is the Onega Historical Museum. Kiy Island , offshore from Onega, and the surrounding ice fields were used as the location for filming A Captive in the Land in the winter of 1989–1990. The island is the site of a monastery , the Holy Cross Monastery , which

408-702: The ship's bosun) returned to Russia via Grønfjorden in Norway. The remaining ten, including Captain Alexander Kuchin, without consultation with the authorities in St. Petersburg , set off with Rusanov in an incredibly rash attempt at reaching the Pacific Ocean via the Northern Sea Route . However, their ship Gerkules was too small for the kind of expedition Rusanov had in mind. The last to be heard of Rusanov's expedition

432-645: The town, there is also an uncompleted military air base, Onega Andozero . In 2003, the Russian inland oil shipping company Volgotanker started using the White Sea–Baltic Canal for exporting fuel oil . The scheme involved delivering oil by river tanker, over the canal and into a floating transfer terminal near the Osinki Island in the Onega Bay , 36 km north-west of the port of Onega, for transfer to Latvian seagoing tankers. On September 1, 2003,

456-693: Was a telegram left at Matochkin Shar on Novaya Zemlya , which reached St. Petersburg on 27 September 1912. In it, Rusanov indicated that he intended rounding the northern tip of Novaya Zemlya, and heading east across the Kara Sea but nothing was heard from the Gerkules thereafter. It disappeared without trace a year later in the Kara Sea , off the northern coast of Siberia. In 1914–15 the almost impossible task of searching for Rusanov's expedition (as well as for similarly disappeared Captain Brusilov from another expedition),

480-489: Was chartered on August 19, 1780, after Pyotr Shuvalov had sold his rights to fell timber to English industrialists who built several sawmills there. Since 1784, Onega was the administrative center of Onezhsky Uyezd . Within the framework of administrative divisions , Onega serves as the administrative center of Onezhsky District , even though it is not a part of it. As an administrative division, it is, together with three rural localities, incorporated separately as

504-460: Was closed during the era of religious persecution by the Soviets. Onega has a subarctic climate ( Köppen climate classification Dfc ) with mild to warm summers with cool nights and long, but not severely cold winters. Precipitation is very reliable year round. Ill-fated young captain, oceanographer and linguist Alexander Kuchin (1888–1913?), was born in Onega. Bolshevik writer Nikolai Bukharin

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528-682: Was entrusted to Otto Sverdrup with the ship Eklips . His efforts, however, were unsuccessful. In 1937, the Arctic Institute of the USSR organized an expedition to the Nordenskiöld Archipelago on ship Toros . Relics of the ill-fated 1912–13 expedition on the Gerkules were found on one of the Mona Islands and on Popov-Chukchin Island located at (74° 56'N, 86° 18'E) off Kolosovykh Island in

552-605: Was exiled to Onega in 1911 and left for Germany in 1912. Onega River In terms of both area of the basin and the average discharge, the Onega is the third river basin of the White Sea (behind the Northern Dvina and the Mezen ). The river basin of the Onega is spread over the west of Arkhangelsk Oblast, north-west of Vologda Oblast , and also includes minor areas in the east of Republic of Karelia . The Onega basin includes some of

576-464: Was to investigate the coal potential of the Archipelago. He sailed from Aleksandrovsk-na-Murmane (now Polyarnyy , near Murmansk ) on 26 June. The personnel consisted of thirteen men and one woman, Rusanov's French fiancée. Apart from Rusanov there was another geologist and a zoologist. At the end of a very successful summer's field work, three members of the expedition (the geologist, the zoologist and

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