Misplaced Pages

#711288

34-728: The principal tributaries of the Northern Dvina are the Vychegda (right), the Vaga (left), and the Pinega (right). According to the Max Vasmer 's Etymological Dictionary , the name of the river has been taken from the Western Dvina . The toponym Dvina does not stem from a Uralic language ; however, its origin is unclear. Possibly it is an Indo-European word which used to mean river or stream . In

68-816: Is a river in Verkhnetoyemsky , Pinezhsky , and Kholmogorsky Districts of Arkhangelsk Oblast in Russia. It is a right tributary of the Northern Dvina . It is 779 kilometres (484 mi) long, and the area of its basin 42,600 square kilometres (16,400 sq mi). Its main tributaries are the Ilesha , the Vyya , the Yula , the Pokshenga , and the Yozhuga . The Pinega is the main waterway of

102-609: Is heavily used for timber rafting . The Northern Dvina Canal connects it with the Volga–Baltic Waterway. In the 19th century, a short-lived Northern Ekaterininsky Canal , now abandoned, connected the Northern Dvina basin with the Kama basin as well. In 1926–28 a canal connecting the Pinega, one of the major tributaries of the Northern Dvina, with the Kuloy, was constructed, however, currently

136-585: The Komi language , the river is called Вы́нва / Výnva from vyn "power" and va "water, river" hence "powerful river". The length of the Northern Dvina is 744 kilometres (462 mi). Together with its major tributary, the Sukhona , it is 1,302 kilometres (809 mi) long – about as long as the Rhine in central and western Europe. The area of its basin is 357,052 square kilometres (137,859 sq mi). The river basin of

170-688: The Kuloy–Pinega Canal was constructed in 1926–28, however, currently the canal is pretty much neglected. The area was populated by Finnic peoples and then colonized by the Novgorod Republic . In the 13th century the Novgorod merchants already reached the White Sea . The Pinega was used by Novgorod merchants as the source of fur and also as the trading route to the basin of the Pechora River . From

204-896: The Ob ). One was upstream the Vychegda and the Yarenga , and by land into the Vashka . Another one was upstream the Vychegda, the Vym , the Yelva, then by land to the Irva and to the Mezen. Two further options included going upstream the Pinega and then by land to the Kuloy and to the Mezen, or using the Pukshenga and the Pokshenga to get to the Pinega, and then from the Yozhuga taking boats by land to

238-716: The Sheksna , along the Slavyanka River into Lake Nikolskoye, then the boats were taken by land to Lake Blagoveshchenskoye, from there downstream along the Porozovitsa River into Lake Kubenskoye and further to the Sukhona and the Northern Dvina. From the Northern Dvina, there were a number of ways into the basin of the Mezen (from where the merchants could get to the basin of the Pechora and

272-645: The Solovetsky Monastery , was located in Kholmogory until 1762. Until the 1700s, Arkhangelsk was the main trading harbour for the sea trade of Russia and western Europe, and the Northern Dvina was the main trading route connecting the central Russia with Arkhangelsk. Peter the Great drastically changed the situation, by founding Saint Petersburg in 1703, thus opening the way for the Baltic Sea trade, and by constructing

306-649: The Udorsky District of the Komi Republic . The Pinega flows in the hilly landscape, on the western border of the Timan Ridge , in the coniferous forest ( taiga ). It freezes up in mid October or early November and stays under the ice until mid April or early May. The etymology of the name Pinega is unclear. The Pinega starts in Verkhnetoyemsky District, close to the border with Krasnoborsky District, at

340-492: The Volga–Baltic Waterway , which links Petersburg to Moscow. The Sukhona flows east, eventually north-east, joins the north-flowing Yug at Veliky Ustyug and acquires the name 'Northern Dvina'. The P157 highway connects Kostroma with Kotlas via Nikolsk and Veliky Ustyug. North of Veliky Ustyg, the highway runs on the left bank of the Northern Dvina. The river flows about 60 kilometres (37 mi) north crossing from

374-528: The 900 square kilometres (350 sq mi) delta begins. In the upstream part of the delta, the great port of Arkhangelsk is located. It gradually replaced Kholmogory as the chief city of the region. On the southwest side of the delta is the naval base of Severodvinsk , the second-largest city in the region. The delta ends in the Dvina Bay of the White Sea. The river flows through Velikoustyugsky District of

SECTION 10

#1732847706712

408-537: The Civil War. 64°32′00″N 40°29′00″E  /  64.53333°N 40.48333°E  / 64.53333; 40.48333 Vychegda The Vychegda ( Russian : Вычегда ; Komi : Эжва , romanized:  Ežva ) is a river in the European part of Russia , a tributary of the Northern Dvina . Its length is about 1,100 kilometres (680 mi). Its source is approximately 310 kilometres (190 mi) west of

442-618: The Ilesha from the south and turns north again, emerging as a broad river with high banks. Further downstream it accepts the Vyya from the west, in the village of Ust-Vyyskaya, and after accepting the Nyukhcha from the right, in the village of Zanyukhcha , turns north-west. From this point on, the unpaved road appears from the Komi Republik, and follows the right bank of the river. Downstream from Zanyukhcha,

476-486: The Kholmogorsky District. Its mouth is in the historical settlement of Ust-Pinega . The river is navigable upstream to 580 kilometres (360 mi) from its mouth; downstream from the village of Gorka, however, there is no passenger navigation. At one point, several kilometers upstream from the settlement of Pinega, the river comes within a distance of several kilometers to the course of the Kuloy . In this place,

510-656: The Komi Republic, as well as less extended areas in Kirov Oblast and Perm Krai . About 800 kilometres (500 mi) of the Vychegda is navigable. In 1822 the Vychegda was connected to the river Kama , a tributary of the river Volga , by the Northern Catherine Canal , which, however, has been disused since 1838. In summer, there is regular passenger navigation connecting Kotlas and Soyga (located approximately halfway between Solvychegodsk and Yarensk ). The area

544-464: The Northern Dvina basin was controlled by Novgorod. Veliky Ustyug has been first mentioned in the chronicles in 1207, Shenkursk — in 1229, Solvychegodsk was founded in the 14th century. In the 13th century the Novgorod merchants already reached the White Sea. The area was initially attractive because of fur trading. The main waterway from Novgorod into the Northern Dvina was along the Volga and its tributary,

578-586: The Northern Dvina includes the major parts of the Vologda and the Arkhangelsk Oblasts , as well as areas in the western part of the Komi Republic and in the northern part of the Kirov Oblast , and minor areas in the north of Yaroslavl and Kostroma Oblasts . The cities of Arkhangelsk and Vologda , as well as many smaller towns, many of those of significant historical importance such as Veliky Ustyug , Totma , Solvychegodsk , and Kholmogory , are located in

612-524: The Northern Dvina, there were a number of ways into the basin of the Mezen (from where the merchants could get to the basin of the Pechora and the Ob ). Two options included going upstream the Pinega and taking the boats by land to the Kuloy and to the Mezen, or using the Pukshenga and the Pokshenga to get to the Pinega, and then from the Yozhuga taking boats by land to the Zyryanskaya Yezhuga and

646-591: The Pinega passes historical selos of Sura and Verkola , accepts the Yula from the west, and passes the selo of Kevrola , which was the historical center of the area before the 19th century, on the left bank, and the selo of Karpogory , which is the current administrative center of the Pinezhsky District, on the right bank. Several kilometers downstream from Karpogory, the Pinega accepts the Pokshenga and turns north. In

680-606: The Pinezhsky District, with many of the settlements in the district located on the river banks. The river basin includes the north-western part of the Krasnoborsky District, the eastern part of the Verkhnetoyemsky District, the eastern part of the Vinogradovsky District , the major part of the Pinezhsky District, the eastern part of the Kholmogorsky District, and minor areas in the Leshukonsky District and in

714-520: The Vologda Oblast and through Kotlassky , Krasnsoborky , Verkhnetoyemsky , Vinogradovsky , Kholmogorsky , and Primorsky districts of the Arkhangelsk Oblast. All administrative centers of these districts are located at the banks of the Northern Dvina, as they developed when the river was the major transportation route of the region. In summer, the entire length of the river is navigable and

SECTION 20

#1732847706712

748-493: The Vologda Oblast into the Arkhangelsk Oblast, where in the city of Kotlas it receives the west-flowing Vychegda River which rises in the northern Ural Mountains . Since, at the confluence, the length of the Vychegda is greater than that of the Northern Dvina, the river between the source and the confluence with the Vychegda is sometimes known as the Lesser Northern Dvina ( Малая Северная Двина ). Shortly downstream from

782-757: The Zyryanskaya Yezhuga and the Vashka. From the Vychegda, the merchants also could get directly to the river basin of the Pechora via either the Cherya and the Izhma , or the Mylva . From the 14th century, Kholmogory was the main trading harbor on the Northern Dvina, but in the 17th century it lost this distinction to Arkhangelsk even though the seat of the Kholmogory and Vaga Eparchy , from 1732 known as Kholmogory and Archangelogorod Eparchy, which had jurisdiction over all Northern Russia including

816-421: The canal is pretty much neglected. Heavy commercial passenger navigation has largely disappeared and only local passenger lines remain. The passenger line connecting Kotlas and Arkhangelsk has been out of operation since 2005. The area was populated by Finnic peoples and then colonized by the Novgorod Republic . The only exception was Veliky Ustyug, which was part of Vladimir-Suzdal Principality . The rest of

850-627: The confluence of the Belaya River and the Chyornaya River. There it flows to the north-west, then turns north. The first village on the Pinega is Belorechensky, still in Verkhnetoyemsky District. North of Belorechensky, the river meanders, and after accepting the Okhtoma River from the left, turns east. From this point downstream, the valley of the Pinega is populated, and the villages are grouped by several into mini-agglomerations. The Pinega accepts

884-583: The confluence, the Northern Dvina is crossed by the railway connecting Konosha with Kotlas and Vorkuta . The Northern Dvina turns northwest and receives a number of smaller rivers such as the Uftyuga and the Nizhnyaya Toyma , both from the northeast. Near the urban settlement of Bereznik, the Vaga comes in from the south. At this point, the M8 highway which runs from Moscow through Vologda to Arkhangelsk, also enters

918-573: The highway between Saint Petersburg and Arkhangelsk via Kargopol. The river quickly lost its role as the leading trading route, which was accelerated by the construction of the railway between Vologda and Arkhangelsk between 1894 and 1897. The Northern Dvina was scene of several battles during the Russian Civil War , many involving the Entente interventionist army as part of their North Russia Campaign . A special Northern Dvina Flotilla existed during

952-546: The north-flowing Yug River at Veliky Ustyug. The combined stream, now called the Northern Dvina, flows north about 60 km and receives the west-flowing Vychegda at Kotlas and then turns northwest to flow into the White Sea. The Sukhona-Vychegda was an important east–west transportation route while the Northern Dvina-Yug was a north–south route. The upper Sukhona is now connected by the Northern Dvina Canal to

986-494: The northern Ural Mountains . It flows roughly in a western direction, through the Komi Republic and Arkhangelsk Oblast . The largest city along the Vychegda is Syktyvkar , the capital of the Komi Republic. The Viled , the Yarenga , and the Vym are among its main tributaries. The Vychegda flows into the Northern Dvina in Kotlas (Arkhangelsk Oblast). The river basin of the Vychegda comprises vast areas in Arkhangelsk Oblast and in

1020-504: The region. The Yomtsa or Yemtsa joins from the southeast, with the P1 highway (from Kargopol ) running parallel. The Pinega , formerly an important river route, joins from the east. Near the mouth of the Pinega, the river splits into several channels, among which is the ancient selo of Kholmogory 75 kilometres (47 mi) southeast of Arkhangelsk. The branches rejoin and pass the modern logging town of Novodvinsk . Downstream from Novodvinsk,

1054-498: The river basin of the Pechora via either the Cherya and the Izhma , or via the Mylva . The Russian name – Vychegda – is believed to come from an ancient Ob-Ugric name with the meaning "meadow river" (reconstructed as * vič-oxt , compare Mansi wānsi "grass" and āxt "stream"). Komi Ežva is a calque from this name: eža "meadow" and va "water, river". [REDACTED] Media related to Vychegda River at Wikimedia Commons Pinega (river) The Pinega ( Пинега )

Northern Dvina - Misplaced Pages Continue

1088-400: The river basin of the Northern Dvina. The Northern Dvina basin is roughly T-shaped. The 558 kilometres (347 mi)-long Sukhona River flows east and joins the basin of the west-flowing Vychegda (1,130 kilometres (700 mi) long). The combined river flows northwest into the White Sea , which it joins near the city of Arkhangelsk . Looking more closely, the Sukhona flows east and meets

1122-454: The village of Shilega, there is a railway bridge on the railroad connecting Arkhangelsk and Karpogory. Downstream from the mouth of the Yezhuga the Pinega suddenly turns west, and in the settlement of Pinega , which served as the administrative center of the area, turns south-west. On the right-hand bank Pinezhsky Nature Reserve has been established. Further downstream, the Pinega crosses into

1156-402: Was originally populated by Finno-Ugric peoples , and was home to Vychegda Perm , which was then later colonized by the Novgorod Republic . Solvychegodsk was founded in the 14th century, Yarensk has been known since 1374. The area was attractive in the first instance because of the fur trading. From the Northern Dvina, the merchants went to the Vychegda, and further they could get directly to

#711288