119-536: Adam-ondi-Ahman ( / ˈ æ d . əm ˈ ɑː n . d aɪ ˈ ɑː . m ən / , sometimes clipped to Diahman ) is a historic site in Daviess County , Missouri , about five miles south of Jameson . It is located along the east bluffs above the Grand River . According to the teachings of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints , an Adam-ondi-Ahman, but not necessarily the site in Daviess County , Missouri ,
238-423: A Senator at the time, narrowly defeated her statewide and later became that year's Democratic nominee, going on to win the presidency. 39°58′N 93°59′W / 39.96°N 93.99°W / 39.96; -93.99 Brigham Young Brigham Young ( / ˈ b r ɪ ɡ əm / BRIG -əm ; June 1, 1801 – August 29, 1877) was an American religious leader and politician. He
357-822: A marble statue in the National Statuary Hall Collection at the United States Capitol , donated by the State of Utah in 1950; and a statue atop the This is the Place Monument in Salt Lake City. Young believed in the racial superiority of white men. His manuscript history from January 5, 1852, which was published in the Deseret News , reads: The negro … should serve the seed of Abraham; he should not be
476-460: A family of children for him, and it is a great trial to me for him to have more women;' then I say it is time that you gave him up to other women who will bear children." Young believed that sexual desire was given by God to ensure the perpetuation of humankind and believed sex should be confined to marriage. One of the more controversial teachings of Young during the Mormon Reformation was
595-480: A female householder with no husband present, and 28.34% were non-families. 24.64% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.89% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.58 and the average family size was 3.06. In the county, the population was spread out, with 26.70% under the age of 18, 7.02% from 18 to 24, 21.81% from 25 to 44, 27.38% from 45 to 64, and 17.09% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age
714-603: A ghost town. Missouri Governor Lilburn Boggs issued an Extermination Order to drive the Mormons from the state after arresting Joseph Smith and other leaders of the church. Daviess County played a major role in the history of the outlaw James-Younger Gang . The first confirmed bank robbery involving Jesse James occurred on December 7, 1869, at the Daviess County Savings Association in Gallatin. John W. Sheets,
833-580: A gold mint in 1849 and called for the minting of coins using gold dust that had been accumulated from travelers during the Gold Rush. The mint was closed in 1861 by Alfred Cumming , gubernatorial successor to Young. Young also organized a board of regents to establish a university in the Salt Lake Valley. It was established on February 28, 1850, as the University of Deseret; its name was eventually changed to
952-525: A home and established a ferry on the Grand River at a spot known as "Wight's Ferry." That spring, Joseph Smith visited the site. He proclaimed there were either two or three (depending on subsequent interpretations) altars built by Adam at the site. One altar Smith called the "altar of prayer"; it was located by Wight's house on Tower Hill. It was described as "sixteen feet long, by nine or ten feet wide, having its greatest extent north and south. The height of
1071-665: A member of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles . On May 4, 1835, Young and other apostles went on a mission to the east coast, specifically in Pennsylvania and New York. His call was to preach to the "remnants of Joseph", a term people in the church used to refer to indigenous people. In August 1835, Young and the rest of the Quorum of the Twelve issued a testimony in support of the divine origin of
1190-502: A mission to raise funds for the Nauvoo temple and its guesthouse. Young's six-year-old daughter Mary Ann died while he was on this mission. On November 22, 1843, Young and his wife Mary Ann received the second anointing , a ritual that assured them that their salvation and exaltation would occur. In March 1844, Brigham Young was an inaugural member of the Council of Fifty , which later organized
1309-559: A new First Presidency with Young as president of the church. A church conference held in Iowa sustained Young and his First Presidency on December 27, 1847. Not all church members followed Young. Rigdon became the president of a separate church organization based in Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania, and several other potential successors emerged to lead what became other denominations of the movement. Before departing Nauvoo, Young focused on completing
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#17328486181541428-511: A non-Mormon governor. Buchanan accepted the reports of the Runaway Officials without any further investigation, and the new non-sectarian governor was appointed and sent to the new territory accompanied by 2,500 soldiers. When Young received word in July that federal troops were headed to Utah with his replacement, he called out his militia to ambush the federal force using delaying tactics. During
1547-542: A result of the 1838 Mormon War to evict the Latter Day Saints from Missouri. Their having declared Adam-ondi-Ahman as a sacred site for a Temple was a flash point in that confrontation. After the Latter Day Saints were evicted, residents renamed the site Cravensville . It was the site of a skirmish during the American Civil War on August 4, 1862, when Union troops attempted to stop Confederate reinforcements in
1666-403: A ruler, nor vote for men to rule over me nor my brethren. The Constitution of Deseret is silent upon this, we meant it should be so. The seed of Canaan cannot hold any office, civil or ecclesiastical. … The decree of God that Canaan should be a servant of servants unto his brethren (i.e., Shem and Japhet [sic]) is in full force. The day will come when the seed of Canaan will be redeemed and have all
1785-509: A second term in 2018. All of Daviess County is included in Missouri's 6th Congressional District and is currently represented by Sam Graves (R- Tarkio ) in the U.S. House of Representatives . Graves was elected to an eleventh term in 2020 over Democratic challenger Gena Ross. Daviess County, along with the rest of the state of Missouri, is represented in the U.S. Senate by Josh Hawley (R- Columbia ) and Roy Blunt (R- Strafford ). Blunt
1904-709: A small house adjacent to a pail factory, which was Young's main place of employment at the time. Their daughter, Elizabeth, was born on September 26, 1825. According to William Hayden, Young participated in the Bucksville Forensic and Oratorical Society. Young converted to the Reformed Methodist Church in 1824 after studying the Bible. Upon joining the Methodists, he insisted on being baptized by immersion rather than by their normal practice of sprinkling . In 1828,
2023-411: A spokesman and that the twelve apostles, not Rigdon, had "the fullness of the priesthood" necessary to succeed Smith's leadership. Young claimed access to revelation to know God's choice of successor because of his position as an apostle. The majority of attendants voted that the Quorum of the Twelve was to lead the church. Many of Young's followers stated in reminiscent accounts (the earliest in 1850 and
2142-510: A thorough reform." Large gatherings and meetings during this period were conducted by Young and Grant, and Young played a key role in the circulation of the Mormon Reformation with his emphasis on plural marriage , rebaptism , and passionate preaching and oration. It was during this period that the controversial doctrine of blood atonement was occasionally preached by Young, though it was repudiated in 1889 and never practiced by members of
2261-464: A way that sheds blood. The LDS Church has formally repudiated the doctrine as early as 1889 and multiple times since the days of Young. Young is generally considered to have instituted a church ban against conferring the priesthood on men of black African descent, who had generally been treated equally to white men in this respect under Smith's presidency. After settling in Utah in 1848, Young announced
2380-564: A widow named Hannah Brown and sent Young off to learn a trade. Young moved to Auburn, New York , where he was an apprentice to John C. Jeffries. He worked as a carpenter , glazier , and painter . One of the homes that Young helped paint in Auburn belonged to Elijah Miller and later to William Seward , and is now a local museum . With the onset of the Panic of 1819 , Jeffries dismissed Young from his apprenticeship, and Young moved to Port Byron , which
2499-590: Is believed that he died of peritonitis from a ruptured appendix . His last words were "Joseph! Joseph! Joseph!", invoking the name of the late Joseph Smith Jr., founder of the Latter Day Saint movement. On September 2, 1877, Young's funeral was held in the Tabernacle with an estimated 12,000 to 15,000 people in attendance. He is buried on the grounds of the Mormon Pioneer Memorial Monument in
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#17328486181542618-500: Is disputed. Leonard J. Arrington reports that Young received a rider at his office on the day of the massacre, and that when he learned of the contemplated attack by members of the church in Parowan and Cedar City, he sent back a letter directing that the Fancher party be allowed to pass through the territory unmolested. Young's letter reportedly arrived on September 13, 1857, two days after
2737-522: Is the longest-serving president of the LDS Church to date, having served for 29 years. During time as prophet and governor, Young encouraged bishops to establish grade schools for their congregations, which would be supported by volunteer work and tithing payments . Young viewed education as a process of learning how to make the Kingdom of God a reality on earth, and at the core of his "philosophy of education"
2856-512: Is the site where Adam and Eve lived after being expelled from the Garden of Eden . It teaches that the place will be a gathering spot for a meeting of the priesthood leadership, including prophets of all ages and other righteous people, prior to the Second Coming of Jesus Christ . The Latter Day Saints once proposed building a Temple on the site. Such efforts were halted in the 19th century as
2975-669: Is the subject of a revelation received by Joseph Smith and recorded in the LDS Church edition of the Doctrine and Covenants , a book of scripture within the Latter Day Saint movement : “Spring Hill is named by the Lord Adam-ondi-Ahman, because, said he, it is the place where Adam shall come to visit his people, or the Ancient of Days shall sit, as spoken of by Daniel the prophet.” Contemporaries of Smith stated that he taught that
3094-484: Is to be a gathering spot prior to the Second Coming of Jesus Christ . In 1838, two years after the county was organized, Joseph Smith's claims about the history of the area spurred in an influx of Mormon settlers. Non-Mormon residents feared they were going to lose control of the county and attempted to prevent Mormons from voting in the Gallatin Election Day Battle . This was to be the first skirmish in
3213-509: The Adam–God doctrine . According to Young, he was taught by Smith that Adam is "our Father and our God, and the only God with whom we have to do". According to the doctrine, Adam was once a mortal man who became resurrected and exalted . From another planet, Adam brought Eve , one of his wives, with him to the earth, where they became mortal by eating the fruit of the tree of knowledge of good and evil. After bearing mortal children and establishing
3332-490: The Community of Christ , consider Young the "Father of Mormon Polygamy". In 1853, Young made the church's first official statement on the subject since the church had arrived in Utah. Young acknowledged that the doctrine was challenging for many women, but stated its necessity for creating large families, proclaiming: "But the first wife will say, 'It is hard, for I have lived with my husband twenty years, or thirty, and have raised
3451-534: The Doctrine and Covenants . He oversaw the finishing of the Kirtland temple and spoke in tongues at its dedication in 1836. Shortly afterwards, Young went on another mission with his brother Joseph to New York and New England. On this mission, he visited the family of his aunt, Rhoda Howe Richards. They converted to the church, including his cousin Willard Richards . In August 1837, Young went on another mission to
3570-576: The First Battle of Independence . Six Confederates were killed and 10 wounded. The Union forces had five wounded. Today, most of the site is owned by The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints and is used predominantly as farmland . In the 1830s, Latter Day Saints who were being forced out of Jackson County, Missouri , settled just south of Daviess County in Caldwell County , in the settlement of Far West . In February 1838, Lyman Wight built
3689-470: The Kirtland Temple and went to a grammar school. His third child and first son, Joseph A. Young , was born shortly after his return. Mary Ann, who was pregnant at the time, had provided for Young's two daughters and the children of her brother Solomon Angell and their friend Lorenzo Booth while Young was away with Zion's Camp. At a conference on February 14, 1835, Brigham Young was named and ordained
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3808-583: The Latter Day Saint movement —Eleazer Miller, Elial Strong, Alpheus Gifford, Enos Curtis, and Daniel Bowen—came from the branch of the church in Columbia, Pennsylvania , to preach in Mendon. A key element of the teachings of this group in Young's eyes was their practicing of spiritual gifts like speaking in tongues and prophecy. This was partly experienced when Young traveled with his wife, Miriam, and Heber C. Kimball to visit
3927-500: The Mormon War . Later, in retaliation for violence to their families and destruction of their property, some Mormons burned and sacked Gallatin, Grindstone Fork, Millport and other smaller settlements . The plundered goods were deposited in the Bishop's storehouse at Diahman. Millport, which at the time was the largest city in the county and the center for trade, never recovered, and became
4046-674: The New York Tribune that he considered slavery a "divine institution ... not to be abolished". In 1856, Young organized an efficient mail service known as the Brigham Young Express and Carrying Company, which transported mail and passengers between Missouri and California. In 1858, following the events of the Utah War and Mountain Meadows Massacre , he stepped down to his gubernatorial successor, Alfred Cumming . Young
4165-516: The Salt Lake Valley , which was then part of Mexico. Young organized the journey that would take the Mormon pioneers to Winter Quarters, Nebraska , in 1846, before continuing on to the Salt Lake Valley. By the time Young arrived at the final destination, it had come under American control as a result of war with Mexico , although U.S. sovereignty would not be confirmed until 1848 . Young arrived in
4284-701: The United Order of Enoch . Young was also involved in the organization of the Salt Lake Gas Works, the Salt Lake Water Works, an insurance company, a bank, and the ZCMI store in downtown Salt Lake City. In 1873, he announced that he would step down as president of the Deseret National Bank and of ZCMI, as well as from his role as trustee-in-trust for the church. He cited as his reason for this that he
4403-579: The University of Utah and Brigham Young University . A polygamist , Young had at least 56 wives and 57 children. He formalized the prohibition of black men attaining priesthood , and led the church in the Utah War against the United States . Young was born on June 1, 1801, in Whitingham, Vermont . He was the ninth child of John Young and Abigail "Nabby" Howe. Young's father was a farmer, and when Young
4522-451: The University of Utah . In 1849, Young arranged for a printing press to be brought to the Salt Lake Valley, which was later used to print the Deseret News periodical. In 1851, Young and several federal officials—including territorial Secretary Broughton Harris —became unable to work cooperatively. Within months, Harris and the others departed their Utah appointments without replacements being named, and their posts remained unfilled for
4641-697: The keys of the kingdom in preparation for His Second Coming . Only those called to the meeting will know of its occurrence. According to the belief of some Latter Day Saints, the term "Adam-ondi-Ahman" is part of the Adamic language . The name was also the title of a hymn that was popular in the early church. "Adam-ondi-Ahman" has been speculatively translated as the "Valley of God, where Adam dwelt" (by Latter Day Saint apostle Orson Pratt ), "the valley of God in which Adam blessed his children" (by John Corrill ), "Adam's grave" (by Community of Christ historian Heman C. Smith ), or "Adam with God", because elsewhere in
4760-531: The poverty line , including 18.50% of those under age 18 and 11.60% of those age 65 or over. Religion in Daviess County,according to ARDA (2020) Of adults 25 years of age and older in Daviess County, 84.0% possess a high school diploma or higher, while 14.4% hold a bachelor's degree or higher as their highest educational attainment. Politics are predominantly controlled by the Republican Party at
4879-616: The 30 years between the Mormons' arrival in Utah in 1847 and [his death in] 1877, Young directed the founding of 350 towns in the Southwest. Thereby the Mormons became the most important single agency in colonizing that vast arid West between the Rockies and the Sierra Nevada . Memorials to Young include a bronze statue in front of the Abraham O. Smoot Administration Building, Brigham Young University;
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4998-452: The Doctrine and Covenants "Son Ahman" is said to refer to Jesus. Daviess County, Missouri Daviess County is a county located in the U.S. state of Missouri . As of the 2020 census , the population was 8,430. Its county seat is Gallatin . The county was organized December 29, 1836, from Ray County and named for Major Joseph Hamilton Daveiss , a soldier from Kentucky who
5117-537: The Eastern seaboard. During his time in Nauvoo, Joseph Smith introduced the doctrine of plural marriage among church leaders. Young performed the sealing ordinances for two of Joseph Smith's plural wives in early 1842. Young proposed marriage to Martha Brotherton, who was seventeen years old at the time and had recently immigrated from Manchester, England. Brotherton signed an affidavit saying that she had been pressured by Young and then Smith to accept polygamy. The affidavit
5236-596: The Gallatin Opera House have since been torn down, although the Winston Rock Island Line train station still stands and is operated by the local historical society as a museum. Daviess County has one of only three Rotary Jails still in existence. Also known as the "Squirrel Cage Jail," it is now a museum and is on the National Register of Historic Places . According to the U.S. Census Bureau ,
5355-536: The Garden of Eden was located in the vicinity of Independence, Missouri , and that after Adam and Eve were banished from the garden, they went to Adam-ondi-Ahman. According to a revelation declared by Smith, Adam met his children at the site three years before his death to bestow his blessing. LDS Church leader Joseph Fielding Smith has written that this is the site of a future grand council where Jesus Christ will meet with His stewards of all dispensations and receive back
5474-518: The Garden of Eden. On June 25, 1838, at a conference in Wight's orchard, a Latter Day Saint settlement at Adam-ondi-Ahman was formally established. Within a few months, its population grew to 1500. Non-Mormon settlers grew worried that the Latter-day Saints would seize political control of Daviess County. On August 6, 1838, a group of non-Mormons tried to prevent Latter Day Saint settlers from voting in
5593-629: The Kimball family later that summer. Here he became acquainted with Mary Ann Angell , a convert to the faith from Rhode Island , and the two were married in February 1834 and obtained a marriage certificate on March 31, 1834. In May 1834, Young became a member of Zion's Camp and traveled to Missouri. He returned to Kirtland with members of the camp in August. After his return to Kirtland, Young did carpentry, painting, and glazing work to earn money. He also worked on
5712-600: The Latter-day Saints can receive a good education unmixed with the pernicious atheistic influences that are found in so many of the higher schools of the country." The school broke off from the University of Deseret and became Brigham Young Academy in 1876 under the leadership of Karl G. Maeser , and was the precursor to Brigham Young University . Within the church, Young reorganized the Relief Society for women in 1867 and created organizations for young women in 1869 and young men in 1875. The Young Women organization
5831-510: The Lord was. According to Young, the matter was beyond his personal control and was divinely determined rather than historically or personally as many assumed. Young taught that the day would come when black men would again have the priesthood, saying that after "all the other children of Adam have the privilege of receiving the Priesthood, and of coming into the kingdom of God, and of being redeemed from
5950-519: The Missouri Democratic Primary and renomination. He defeated Romney in the general election. In 2008, the Missouri Republican Presidential Primary was closely contested, with Senator John McCain (R- Arizona ) prevailing and eventually winning the nomination. Then- Senator Hillary Clinton (D- New York ) received more votes than any candidate from either party in Daviess County during the 2008 presidential primary. Despite initial reports that Clinton had won Missouri, Barack Obama (D- Illinois ), also
6069-413: The Mormon exodus from Nauvoo. In 1844, Young traveled east again to solicit votes for Joseph Smith in his presidential campaign . In June 1844, while Young was away, Joseph Smith was killed by an armed mob who stormed the jail where he was awaiting trial for the charge of treason. Young did not learn of the assassination until early July. Several claimants to fill the leadership vacuum emerged during
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#17328486181546188-415: The Mormon pioneers, in an exodus through a desert, to what they saw as a promised land. Young was dubbed by his followers the "Lion of the Lord" for his bold personality and commonly was called "Brother Brigham" by Latter-day Saints . A century after Young's death, historian Rodman W. Paul wrote, [Joseph Smith] was succeeded by one of the outstanding organizers of the 19th century, Brigham Young. If
6307-446: The Native Americans. Young was also one of the first to subscribe to Union Pacific stock, for the construction of the First transcontinental railroad . He also authorized the construction of the Utah Central railroad line, which connected Salt Lake City to the Union Pacific transcontinental railroad. Young organized the first Utah Territorial Legislature and established Fillmore as the territory's first capital. Young established
6426-440: The Nauvoo city council in 1841 and oversaw the first baptisms for the dead in the unfinished Nauvoo temple. He joined the Masons in Nauvoo on April 7, 1842, and participated in an early endowment ritual led by Joseph Smith that May and became part of the Anointed Quorum . Young and the other apostles directed the church's missionary work and the immigration of new converts from this point forward. Young served another mission to
6545-478: The Nauvoo temple. After the exterior was completed on December 10, 1845, members received their temple endowments day and night, and Young officiated many of these sessions. An estimated 5,000 members were endowed between December 10, 1845, and February 1846. With the repealing of Nauvoo's charter in January 1845, church members in Nauvoo lost their courts, police, and militia, leaving them vulnerable to attacks by mobs. Young instructed victims of anti-Mormon violence on
6664-403: The Reformed Methodist Church and become a Christian seeker, unconvinced that he had found a church possessing the true authority of Jesus Christ . Sometime in 1830, Young was introduced to the Book of Mormon by way of a copy that his brother, Phineas Howe, had obtained from Samuel H. Smith . Young did not immediately accept the divine claims of the Book of Mormon. In 1831, five missionaries of
6783-467: The Republican and Democratic parties were held in Missouri on March 15. Businessman Donald Trump (R- New York ) narrowly won the state overall, but carried a majority of the vote in Daviess County. He went on to win the presidency. On the Democratic side, former Secretary of State Hillary Clinton (D- New York ) both won statewide and carried Daviess County by a small margin. The 2012 Missouri Republican Presidential Primary's results were nonbinding on
6902-471: The Salt Lake Temple was under construction. The majority of Young's teachings are contained in the 19 volumes of transcribed and edited sermons in the Journal of Discourses . The LDS Church's Doctrine and Covenants contains one section from Young that has been canonized as scripture, added in 1876. Though polygamy was practiced by Young's predecessor, Joseph Smith, the practice is often associated with Young. Some Latter Day Saint denominations, such as
7021-498: The Salt Lake Valley on July 24, 1847, a date now recognized as Pioneer Day in Utah. Two days after their arrival, Young and the Twelve Apostles climbed the peak just north of the city and raised the American flag, calling it the "Ensign of Liberty". Among Young's first acts upon arriving in the valley were the naming of the city as "The City of the Great Salt Lake" and its organization into blocks of ten acres, each divided into eight equal-sized lots. On August 7, Young suggested that
7140-487: The Salt Lake Valley, Young designated the location for the Salt Lake Temple ; he presided over its groundbreaking years later on April 6, 1853. During his tenure, Young oversaw construction of the Salt Lake Tabernacle and announced plans to build the St. George (1871), Manti (1875), and Logan (1877) temples. He also provisioned the building of the Endowment House , a "temporary temple", which began to be used in 1855 to provide temple ordinances to church members while
7259-409: The Territory, preaching to Latter-day Saint communities and settlements with the goal of inspiring them to reject sin and turn towards spiritual things. As part of the Reformation, almost all "active" or involved LDS Church members were rebaptized as a symbol of their commitment. At a church meeting on September 21, 1856, Brigham Young stated: "We need a reformation in the midst of this people; we need
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#17328486181547378-412: The United Kingdom. There, he showed a talent for organizing the church's work and maintaining good relationships with Joseph Smith and the other apostles. Under his leadership, members in the United Kingdom began publishing Millennial Star , a hymnal, and a new edition of the Book of Mormon. Young also served in various leadership and community organization roles among church members in Nauvoo. He joined
7497-449: The alphabet was used in two Deseret News articles, two elementary readers, and in a translation of the Book of Mormon . By 1870, it had all but disappeared from use. Young was involved in temple building throughout his membership in the LDS Church, making it a priority during his time as church president. Under Smith's leadership, Young participated in the building of the Kirtland and Nauvoo temples. Just four days after arriving in
7616-410: The altar at each end was some two and a half feet, gradually rising higher to the center, which was between four and five feet high—the whole surface being crowning." The other altar—called the "altar of sacrifice"—was said to be a mile to the north on top of Spring Hill. On May 19, 1838, Smith formally revealed his belief that Adam-ondi-Ahman was the place where Adam and Eve went after being exiled from
7735-401: The attacks by leading their own forces from Caldwell County. Missouri Governor Lilburn Boggs issued Missouri Executive Order 44 , in which he declared that "the Mormons must be treated as enemies, and must be exterminated or driven from the State" and called out 2500 militiamen. In October 1838, Smith, Brigham Young , Heber C. Kimball and other Latter-day Saint leaders gathered to dedicate
7854-400: The ban, which also forbade blacks from participating in Mormon temple rites such as the endowment or sealings . On many occasions, Young taught that blacks were denied the priesthood because they were "the seed of Cain". In 1863, Young stated: "Shall I tell you the law of God in regard to the African race? If the white man who belongs to the chosen seed mixes his blood with the seed of Cain,
7973-501: The bank cashier, was killed in the process by Jesse James, who believed Sheets was Samuel P. Cox , who had killed James's bushwhacker colleague Bloody Bill Anderson during the American Civil War . On July 15, 1881, the gang was believed to have been responsible for the robbery of the Rock Island Line at Winston in which a conductor and passenger were killed. After Jesse James was murdered in St. Joseph , Frank James surrendered in 1882 to face Daviess County charges in connection with
8092-471: The branch of the church in Columbia. After meeting Joseph Smith , Young joined the Church of Christ in April 9, 1832. He was baptized by Eleazer Miller. Young's siblings and their spouses were baptized that year or the year afterwards. In April 1832, a branch of the church was organized in Mendon; eight of the fifteen families were Youngs. There, Young saw Alpheus Gifford speak in tongues, and in response, Young also spoke in tongues. Young and Kimball spent
8211-459: The church as the President of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles , Young reorganized a new First Presidency and was sustained as the second president of the church on December 27, 1847, at Winter Quarters. Young named Heber C. Kimball as his first counselor and Willard Richards as his second. Young and his counselors were again sustained unanimously by church members at a church conference in Salt Lake City in September 1850. The Utah Territory
8330-891: The church. The Reformation appeared to have ended completely by early 1858. Shortly after the arrival of Young's pioneers, the new Latter-day Saint colonies were incorporated into the United States through the Mexican Cession . Young petitioned the U.S. Congress to create the State of Deseret . The Compromise of 1850 instead carved out Utah Territory, and Young was appointed governor. As governor and church president, Young directed both religious and economic matters. He encouraged independence and self-sufficiency. Many cities and towns in Utah, and some in neighboring states, were founded under Young's direction. Young's leadership style has been viewed as autocratic. When federal officials received reports of widespread and systematic obstruction of federal officials in Utah (most notably judges), U.S. President James Buchanan decided in early 1857 to install
8449-406: The circumstances of his life had worked out differently [he] might have become a captain of industry —an Andrew Carnegie or John D. Rockefeller or a railroad builder. Instead, this able, energetic, earthy man became the absolute ruler and the revered, genuinely loved father figure of all Mormons everywhere. He credited Young's leadership with helping to settle much of the American West: During
8568-478: The county has a total area of 569 square miles (1,470 km ), of which 563 square miles (1,460 km ) is land and 5.8 square miles (15 km ) (1.0%) is water. As of the 2010 census , there were 8,433 people, 3,214 households, and 2,489 families residing in the county. The population density was 15 people per square mile (5.8 people/km ). There were 4,199 housing units at an average density of 7 units per square mile (2.7/km ). The racial makeup of
8687-431: The county was 98.02% White , 0.27% Black or African American , 0.38% Native American , 0.06% Asian , 0.02% Pacific Islander , 0.08% from other races , and 1.16% from two or more races. Approximately 1.03% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. There were 3,214 households, out of which 31.92% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 58.81% were married couples living together, 8.06% had
8806-402: The county's voters in a presidential election since Jimmy Carter in 1976 . Like most rural areas throughout northwest Missouri, voters in Daviess County generally adhere to socially and culturally conservative principles which tend to influence their Republican leanings, at least on the state and national levels. In 2004, Missourians voted on a constitutional amendment to define marriage as
8925-585: The defense of Utah, now called the Utah War, Young held the U.S. Army at bay for a winter by taking their cattle and burning supply wagons. Young eventually reached a settlement with the aid of a peace commission and agreed to step down as governor. Buchanan later pardoned Young. The degree of Young's involvement in the Mountain Meadows Massacre , which took place in Washington County in 1857,
9044-630: The eastern states. He then returned to Kirtland where he remained until dissenters, unhappy with the failure of the Kirtland Safety Society , forced him to flee the community in December 1837. He then stayed for a short time in Dublin, Indiana , with his brother Lorenzo before moving to Far West, Missouri , in 1838. He was later joined by his family and by other members of the church in Missouri. He became
9163-409: The establishment of settlements throughout present-day Utah, Idaho, Arizona, Nevada, California, and parts of southern Colorado and northern Mexico. Under his direction, the Mormons built roads, bridges, forts, and irrigation projects; established public welfare; organized a militia; issued a "selective extermination" order against male Timpanogos ; and after a series of wars, eventually made peace with
9282-429: The family moved briefly to Oswego, New York , on the shore of Lake Ontario, and in 1828 to Mendon, New York . Young's father, two brothers, and sister had already moved to Mendon. In Mendon, Young first became acquainted with Heber C. Kimball , an early member of the LDS Church. Young worked as a carpenter and joiner, and built and operated a saw mill. By the time Young moved to Mendon in 1828, he had effectively left
9401-432: The first states in the nation to approve embryonic stem cell research . Despite Daviess County's longstanding tradition of supporting socially conservative platforms, voters in the county have a penchant for advancing populist causes like increasing the minimum wage . In 2006, Missourians voted on a proposition (Proposition B) to increase the minimum wage in the state to $ 6.50 an hour—it passed Daviess County with 68.25% of
9520-411: The four-quarters of the earth, and have received their resurrection from the dead, then it will be time enough to remove the curse from Cain and his posterity." These racial restrictions remained in place until 1978, when the policy was rescinded by church president Spencer W. Kimball , and the church subsequently "disavow[ed] theories advanced in the past" to explain this ban, essentially attributing
9639-624: The heart of Salt Lake City. A bronze marker was placed at the grave site June 10, 1938, by members of the Young Men and Young Women organizations, which he founded. Young engaged in a vast assortment of commercial ventures by himself and in partnership with others. These included a wagon express company, a ferryboat company, a railroad, and the manufacturing of processed lumber, wool, sugar beets, iron, and liquor. Young achieved greatest success in real estate. He also tried to promote Mormon self-sufficiency by establishing collectivist communities, known as
9758-658: The human race, Adam and Eve returned to their heavenly thrones where Adam acts as the god of this world. Later, as Young is generally understood to have taught, Adam returned to the earth to become the biological father of Jesus. The LDS Church has since repudiated the Adam–God doctrine. Young also taught the doctrine of blood atonement , in which the atonement of Jesus cannot redeem an eternal sin , which included apostasy , theft , fornication (but not sodomy ), or adultery . Instead, those who committed such sins could partially atone for their sin by sacrificing their life in
9877-529: The land in Adam-ondi-Ahman was purchased by John Cravens, who renamed the town "Cravensville." In 1947, Wilford C. Wood purchased 38 acres in the area to begin to return the land to the LDS Church, including the location identified as Tower Hill and the remains of a cabin built by Lyman Wight. Today, 3,000 acres (12 km) of Adam-ondi-Ahman is owned and maintained as a historic site by the LDS Church and remains largely undeveloped farmland. Adam-ondi-Ahman
9996-490: The latest in 1920) that when Young spoke to the congregation, he miraculously looked or sounded exactly like Smith, which they attributed to the power of God. Young began acting as the church's president afterwards, though he did not yet have a full presidency. He also led the Anointed Quorum. Young led the church as president of the Quorum of the Twelve until December 5, 1847, when the quorum unanimously agreed to organize
10115-631: The law. The 2020 presidential primaries for both the Democratic and Republican parties were held in Missouri on March 10. On the Democratic side, former Vice President Joe Biden (D- Delaware ) both won statewide and carried Daviess County by a wide margin. Biden went on to defeat President Donald Trump in the general election. Incumbent President Donald Trump (R- Florida ) faced a primary challenge from former Massachusetts Governor Bill Weld , but won both Daviess County and statewide by overwhelming margins. The 2016 presidential primaries for both
10234-438: The local elections at Gallatin . The Mormons fought back and defeated the mob in a skirmish that came to be known as the Gallatin Election Day Battle . This was the opening skirmish in the Mormon War . In the course of the conflict, non-Mormon vigilantes from neighboring counties came to Daviess and burned Latter-day Saint homes. Latter-day Saint refugees gathered at Adam-ondi-Ahman for protection. Latter-day Saints responded to
10353-523: The local level in Daviess County. All of Daviess County is a part of Missouri's 2nd District in the Missouri House of Representatives and is currently represented by J. Eggleston (R- Maysville ). Eggleston was reelected to a fourth term in 2020. All of Daviess County is a part of Missouri's 12th District in the Missouri Senate and is currently represented by Dan Hegeman (R- Cosby ). Hegeman won
10472-405: The massacre. As governor, Young had promised the federal government he would protect migrants passing through Utah Territory, but over 120 men, women, and children were killed in this incident. There is no debate concerning the involvement of individual Mormons from the surrounding communities by scholars. Only children under the age of seven, who were cared for by local Mormon families, survived, and
10591-531: The members of the camp be re-baptized to signify a re-dedication to their beliefs and covenants. Young spent just over a month in the Valley recovering from mountain fever before returning to Winter Quarters on August 31. Young's expedition was one of the largest and one of the best organized westward treks, and he made various trips back and forth between the Salt Lake Valley and Winter Quarters to assist other companies in their journeys. After three years of leading
10710-558: The monument stood as a memorial to those traveling the Spanish Trail through Mountain Meadow. According to Wilford Woodruff, Young brought an entourage to Mountain Meadows in 1861 and suggested that the monument instead read "Vengeance is mine and I have taken a little". Before his death in Salt Lake City on August 29, 1877, Young suffered from cholera morbus and inflammation of the bowels. It
10829-605: The murdered members of the wagon train were left unburied. The remains of about 40 people were later found and buried, and U.S. Army officer James Henry Carleton had a large cross made from local trees, the transverse beam bearing the engraving, "Vengeance Is Mine, Saith The Lord: I Will Repay" and erected a cairn of rocks at the site. A large slab of granite was put up on which he had the following words engraved: "Here 120 men, women and children were massacred in cold blood early in September, 1857. They were from Arkansas." For two years,
10948-431: The new Mormon center of Nauvoo . Although many Latter Day Saints were tried for their part in the war, no non-Mormon vigilantes were brought to trial. Because the Latter-day Saints held their lands in Adam-ondi-Ahman by preemption , all of their rights and improvements were lost when they were forced to leave. Their losses are recorded in a set of Mormon Redress Petitions collected and edited by Clark V. Johnson. Most of
11067-670: The next two years. These individuals later became known as the Runaway Officials of 1851 . Young supported slavery and its expansion into Utah and led the efforts to legalize and regulate slavery in the 1852 Act in Relation to Service , based on his beliefs on slavery . Young said in an 1852 speech, "In as much as we believe in the Bible ... we must believe in slavery. This colored race have been subjected to severe curses ... which they have brought upon themselves." Seven years later in 1859, Young stated in an interview with
11186-510: The oldest member of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles when David Patten died after the Battle of Crooked River . When Joseph Smith arrived in Far West, he appointed Young, along with Thomas Marsh and David Patten, as "presidency pro tem" in Missouri. Under Young's direction, the quorum organized the exodus of Latter Day Saints from Missouri to Illinois in 1838. Young also served a year-long mission to
11305-554: The origins of the ban solely to Young. During 1856 and 1857, a period of renewed emphasis on spirituality within the church known as the Mormon Reformation took place under Young's direction. The Mormon Reformation called for a spiritual reawakening among members of the church and took place largely in the Utah Territory . Jedediah M. Grant , one of the key figures of the Reformation and one of Young's counselors, traveled throughout
11424-412: The outskirts of Nauvoo to move to Nauvoo. Young negotiated with Stephen A. Douglas and agreed to lead church members out of Nauvoo in the spring in exchange for peace. Some Mormons counterfeited American and Mexican money, and a grand jury indicted Young and other church leaders in 1845. When officers arrived at the Nauvoo temple to arrest Young, he sent William Miller out in Young's hat and cloak. Miller
11543-414: The penalty, under the law of God, is death on the spot. This will always be so." Young was also a vocal opponent of theories of human polygenesis , being a firm voice for stating that all humans were the product of one creation. Throughout his time as prophet, Young went to great lengths to deny the assumption that he was the author of the practice of priesthood denial to black men, asserting instead that
11662-604: The settlement. They moved to Far West, Missouri. On April 9, 1839, Smith was sent to the Daviess County Jail in Gallatin for a hearing, where a grand jury indicted him. On April 15, following the granting of a change of venue , Smith was permitted by his guards to escape while en route to Boone County, Missouri , a day after getting supplies at Adam-ondi-Ahman. Most of the Latter Day Saints had left Missouri by early 1839. The refugees gathered in Illinois and later regrouped at
11781-457: The state's national convention delegates. Voters in Daviess County supported former U.S. Senator Rick Santorum (R- Pennsylvania ), who finished first in the state at large, but eventually lost the nomination to former Governor Mitt Romney (R- Massachusetts ). Delegates to the congressional district and state conventions were chosen at a county caucus, which selected a delegation favoring Santorum. Incumbent President Barack Obama easily won
11900-419: The succession crisis that ensued. Church members gathered at a meeting on August 8, 1844 with the intent to choose between two claimants, Young and Sidney Rigdon , the senior surviving member of the church's First Presidency . At the meeting, Rigdon argued no one could succeed Smith and that he (Rigdon) should become Smith's "spokesman" and guardian of the church. Young argued that the church needed more than
12019-489: The summer following their baptism conducting missionary work in western New York, while Vilate Kimball cared for Young's family. After Miriam died of consumption, Vilate continued to care for Brigham's children while he, Heber, and Joseph Young traveled to visit Joseph Smith in Kirtland, Ohio. During the visit, Brigham spoke in a tongue that Smith identified as the " Adamic language ". After visiting Joseph Smith in Kirtland, Brigham set out to preach with his brother Joseph in
12138-499: The temple square on the highest point on the bluff. Smith, Wight and others surrendered on November 1, 1838, on charges of murder , arson , theft , rebellion , and treason . After a preliminary court hearing was held November 12 to 29 in Richmond , Smith and Wight were transferred to the jail in Liberty . On November 7, 1838, the Latter Day Saints were told they had ten days to abandon
12257-453: The train robbery/murder as well as murder charges in the 1869 bank robbery. Frank James was tried from August 20 – September 6, 1883. Interest was so intense that the trial was moved to the Gallatin Opera House to accommodate the crowds. James was found not guilty of involvement in both crimes. Charges were made that the jury was filled with Southern sympathizers who refused to convict one of their own. The Daviess County Savings Association and
12376-455: The union between a man and a woman —it overwhelmingly passed in Daviess County with 79.58% of the vote. The initiative passed with 71% support from voters statewide. In 2006, Missourians voted on a constitutional amendment to fund and legalize embryonic stem cell research in the state —it failed in Daviess County with 50.96% voting against the measure. The initiative narrowly passed the state with 51% of support from voters as Missouri became one of
12495-473: The vote. The proposition strongly passed every single county in Missouri with 78.99% voting in favor. (During the same election, voters in five other states also strongly approved increases in the minimum wage.) In 2018, Missourians voted on a proposition (Proposition A) concerning right to work , the outcome of which ultimately reversed the right to work legislation passed in the state the previous year. 62.93% of Daviess County voters cast their ballots to overturn
12614-498: The winter of 1832–1833. Joseph had been a Reformed Methodist preacher and the two made a similar "preaching circuit" in eastern Canada. They described the Book of Mormon as the "stick of Joseph", mentioned in Ezekiel 37. Young continued to preach in eastern Canada in the spring and accompanied two Canadian converts to Kirtland in July 1833. Young and his two daughters moved to Kirtland along with
12733-414: Was 40 years. For every 100 females there were 98.80 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 98.30 males. The median income for a household in the county was $ 39,925, and the median income for a family was $ 48,839. Males had a median income of $ 33,882 versus $ 28,891 for females. The per capita income for the county was $ 19,900. About 9.80% of families and 13.80% of the population were below
12852-489: Was arrested but released when it was discovered he was not Brigham Young. Young himself condemned the counterfeiting. John Turner's biography states: "it remains unclear whether Young [...] had sanctioned the bogus-making operation". The indictment of Young and other leaders, combined with rumors that troops would prevent the Mormons from leaving, led Young to start their exodus in February 1846. Repeated conflict in Nauvoo led Young to relocate his group of Latter-day Saints to
12971-773: Was created at John C. Bennett 's request, after his excommunication and in conjunction with his distribution of false information combined with true information about the church's practice of polygamy. Brigham Young and William Smith discredited Brotherton's character, and Brotherton herself did not associate with the church afterwards. Young campaigned against Bennett's allegations that Joseph Smith practiced "spiritual wifery"; Young knew of Smith's hidden practice of polygamy. He also helped to convince Hyrum to accept polygamy. Young married Lucy Ann Decker in June 1842, making her his first plural wife. Young knew her father, Isaac Decker, in New York. Lucy
13090-505: Was created by Congress as part of the Compromise of 1850, and as colonizer and founder of Salt Lake City , Young was appointed the territory's first governor and superintendent of American Indian affairs by President Millard Fillmore on February 3, 1851. He was sworn in by Justice Daniel H. Wells for a salary of $ 1,500 a year and named as superintendent of Indian Affairs for an additional $ 1,000. During his time as governor, Young directed
13209-429: Was elected to a second term in 2016 over then-Missouri Secretary of State Jason Kander . At the presidential level, Daviess County has become solidly Republican in recent years. Daviess County strongly favored Donald Trump in both 2016 and 2020 . Bill Clinton was the last Democratic presidential nominee to carry Daviess County in 1996 with a plurality of the vote, and a Democrat hasn't won majority support from
13328-743: Was first called the Retrenchment Association and was intended to promote the turning of young girls away from the costly and extravagant ways of the world. It later became known as the Young Ladies Mutual Improvement Association and was a charter member of the National Council of Women and International Council of Women. Young also organized a committee to refine the Deseret alphabet —a phonetic alphabet that had been developed sometime between 1847 and 1854. At its prime,
13447-402: Was killed in 1811 at the Battle of Tippecanoe . The county includes the town of Jamesport , which has the largest Amish community in Missouri. According to Latter Day Saint movement founder Joseph Smith , Adam-ondi-Ahman , situated in the central part of the county, was where Adam and Eve relocated after being banished from the Garden of Eden . According to LDS tradition , the site
13566-434: Was ready to relieve himself from the burden of "secular affairs". At the time of his death, Young was the wealthiest man in Utah, with an estimated personal fortune of $ 600,000 (equivalent to $ 17,200,000 in 2023). Young had many nicknames during his lifetime, among the most popular being "American Moses " (alternatively, "Modern Moses" or "Mormon Moses"), because, like the biblical figure, Young led his followers,
13685-880: Was still married to William Seeley when Young married her. Young supported her and her two children while they lived in their own home in Nauvoo. Lucy and Young had seven children together. Young was one of the first men in Nauvoo to practice polygamy, and he married more women than any other polygamist while in Nauvoo. While in Nauvoo, he married Clarissa Decker, Clarissa Ross, Emily Dow Partidge, Louisa Beaman, Margaret Maria Alley, Emmeline Free, Margaret Piece, and Zina Diantha Huntington. These wives bore him children after they moved to Utah. He also married in Nauvoo, but did not have children with Augusta Adams Cobb, Susannah Snively, Eliza Bowker, Ellen A. Rockwood, and Namah K. J. Carter. Eight of Young's plural marriages in Nauvoo were to Joseph Smith's widows. Young traveled east with Wilford Woodruff and George A. Smith from July to October 1843 on
13804-507: Was the belief that the church had within itself all that was necessary to save mankind materially, spiritually, and intellectually. On October 16, 1875, Young deeded buildings and land in Provo, Utah , to a board of trustees for establishing an institution of learning, ostensibly as part of the University of Deseret. Young said, "I hope to see an Academy established in Provo ... at which the children of
13923-485: Was the second president of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) from 1847 until his death in 1877. During his time as church president, Young led his followers, the Mormon pioneers , west from Nauvoo, Illinois , to the Salt Lake Valley . He founded Salt Lake City and served as the first governor of the Utah Territory . Young also worked to establish the learning institutions that would later become
14042-551: Was then called Bucksville. Young reported having a strict Puritan -style Christian upbringing. He used tobacco but did not drink alcohol. He refused to sign a temperance pledge, however, stating that "if I sign the temperance pledge I feel that I am bound, and I wish to do just right, without being bound to do it; I want my liberty." Young married Miriam Angeline Works, whom he had met in Port Byron in October 1824. They first resided in
14161-485: Was three years old his family moved to upstate New York, settling in Chenango County . Young received little formal education, but his mother taught him how to read and write. At age twelve, he moved with his parents to the township of Genoa , close to Cayuga Lake . His mother died of tuberculosis in June 1815. Following her death, he moved with his father to Tyrone, New York . While there, Young's father remarried to
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