26-485: Caldwell County is the name of several counties in the United States: Caldwell County, Kentucky Caldwell County, Missouri Caldwell County, North Carolina Caldwell County, Texas Caldwell Parish, Louisiana [REDACTED] Topics referred to by the same term This disambiguation page lists articles about distinct geographical locations with
52-683: A career officer in the United States Army until the start of the American Civil War , when he resigned rather than fight against the South. As a Confederate brigadier general, he led a daring cavalry raid into Kentucky in December 1864, in which his troops burned seven county courthouses which were being used as barracks by the Union Army . Lyon was born in what is now Lyon County, Kentucky , to
78-728: A class of forty-eight. He was brevetted as a second lieutenant in the 2nd U.S. Artillery Regiment and was assigned to duty at Fort Myers during the Third Seminole War . After hostilities with the Seminoles waned, Lyon was promoted to the permanent rank of second lieutenant in 3rd Artillery and sent to Fort Yuma in California . The following year, he was ordered to the Washington Territory , where he took part in two battles with local Indians. Assigned to Fort Vancouver , he secured
104-598: A leave of absence and returned home to Kentucky. When the Civil War began in April 1861, Lyon was promoted to first lieutenant . However, his sympathies were with the Confederacy and he resigned from the United States Army . He raised Company F, 3rd Kentucky Infantry , which soon became part of the 1st Kentucky Artillery . Lyon equipped the unit, which initially was known as Lyon's Battery, later Cobb's Battery. In January 1862 Lyon
130-467: A major tobacco-growing area. It was part of what was called the "Black Patch", which used a special process to cure the tobacco. It included about 30 counties in western Kentucky and Tennessee. But the monopolization of the tobacco market by James B. Duke , who formed the American Tobacco Company , forced prices lower, leaving many farmers in debt and discontented. In response, planters formed
156-541: A wealthy plantation family. He was a grandson of Congressman Matthew Lyon . Both of his parents died when he was very young, and he inherited the estate. Lyon's guardian secured a good education for him, and he attended the Masonic University of Kentucky and Cumberland College. He was appointed to the United States Military Academy at the age of sixteen, graduating in 1856 as placing nineteenth in
182-501: Is a county located in the U.S. state of Kentucky . As of the 2020 census , the population was 12,649. Its county seat is Princeton . The county was formed in 1809 from Livingston County, Kentucky and named for John Caldwell , who participated in the George Rogers Clark Indian Campaign of 1786 and was the second lieutenant governor of Kentucky . Caldwell was a prohibition or dry county until 2013, when
208-591: Is now the Kentucky State Penitentiary being located in his hometown of Eddyville. His initials are still inscribed over the Kentucky State Penitentiary's front gate. Lyon was married three times—first in 1861 to Laura O'Hara who died in 1865, with whom he had a son; second in 1869 to Grace Machen, who died in 1873, with whom he had four children; and third in 1887 to Ruth Wolf, who died in 1952, with whom he had two children. Hylan Lyon
234-846: The Siege of Knoxville . Following the Third Battle of Chattanooga , Lyon was placed in charge of Bragg's artillery , saving them from capture during his subsequent retreat. Lyon returned to commanding cavalry in 1864, this time in Mississippi as a brigadier general under Nathan B. Forrest . In December 1864, he led 800 Kentucky cavalrymen on a raid into Tennessee and western Kentucky both to enforce Confederate draft laws and to draw Union troops away from General John Bell Hood 's Nashville campaign. His men burned seven county courthouses that were being used to house Union troops, including those at Princeton , Marion and Hopkinsville . He retreated south after
260-688: The Trail of Tears during Indian removal . The Cherokee camped for several weeks in Caldwell County during the winter of 1838, mainly at Big Springs, now in downtown Princeton; at Skin Frame Creek, and in the Centerville area near Fredonia. In 1860, the construction of Princeton College began, but it was delayed by the Civil War . Strongly pro-Confederate and one of the counties that sent a secessionist delegate to
286-559: The University of Kentucky Research and Education Center, a campus of the University of Kentucky's College of Agriculture. The "UKREC" in Princeton is a leader in horticultural and biological sciences. In the mid-twentieth century, Caldwell County began to shift from agriculture to industrialization. Caldwell County is still largely agricultural, but it is also home to factories such as Bremner,
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#1732848558957312-649: The Caldwell County courthouse in Princeton, since it was being used to house the Union garrison. The expansion of railroads in the late nineteenth century made Princeton an important junction on several major railway lines, most notably the Illinois Central and the Louisville & Nashville . By the turn of the century, an agricultural boom in Dark Fired Tobacco had made Caldwell County, along with Christian County,
338-703: The Confederate defeat at the Battle of Nashville to rejoin Forrest in Mississippi. In January 1865, Lyon was surprised while sleeping in a private home in Red Hill, Alabama , by a detachment of the 15th Pennsylvania Cavalry. After he was captured, he shot and killed the Union sergeant who captured him, Arthur Lyon (no apparent relation), by asking to retrieve his clothes and grabbing a hidden pistol, then escaped in his nightgown. When
364-577: The Dark Tobacco District Planters' Protective Association of Kentucky and Tennessee (PPA), to work together in pooling their commodity in order to gain higher prices. They initially used persuasion to urge other farmers to join them. Under the leadership of Dr. David Amoss of Cobb in Caldwell County, a vigilante force called the Night Riders was formed to strengthen the persuasion. The Night Riders terrorized those who cooperated with
390-619: The Russellville Convention, which signed an Ordinance of Secession forming the Confederate government of Kentucky . Confederate troops camped on the grounds of Princeton College in 1861, using one of its buildings as a hospital when Princeton came under Confederate control. Following the Confederate retreat in early 1862, however, Union soldiers occupied Princeton for the remainder of the war. In December 1864, raiding Kentucky Confederate cavalry commanded by General Hylan B. Lyon burned
416-428: The age of 18 living with them, 57.10% were married couples living together, 9.80% had a female householder with no husband present, and 30.00% were non-families. 27.50% of all households were made up of individuals, and 14.00% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.36 and the average family size was 2.85. In the county, the population was spread out, with 22.40% under
442-467: The age of 18, 7.00% from 18 to 24, 26.30% from 25 to 44, 26.30% from 45 to 64, and 18.00% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 41 years. For every 100 females there were 92.60 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 89.90 males. The median income for a household in the county was $ 28,686, and the median income for a family was $ 35,258. Males had a median income of $ 31,475 versus $ 20,390 for females. The per capita income for
468-497: The citizens voted to lift the ban. Caldwell County was formed from Livingston County in 1809. Prior to that, Caldwell County had been part of Christian , Logan , and Lincoln Counties — Lincoln County having been one of the three original counties of Kentucky. In the early nineteenth-century, Caldwell County witnessed the passage of the forced migration of the Cherokee to the West on
494-402: The county was $ 16,264. About 12.20% of families and 15.90% of the population were below the poverty line , including 20.40% of those under age 18 and 15.60% of those age 65 or over. School districts include: 37°09′N 87°52′W / 37.15°N 87.87°W / 37.15; -87.87 Hylan B. Lyon Hylan Benton Lyon (February 22, 1836 – April 25, 1907) was
520-470: The largest private cookie and cracker factory in North America. According to the U.S. Census Bureau , the county has a total area of 348 square miles (900 km ), of which 345 square miles (890 km ) is land and 3.4 square miles (8.8 km ) (1.0%) is water. As of the census of 2000, there were 13,060 people, 5,431 households, and 3,801 families residing in the county. The population density
546-502: The same name. If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Caldwell_County&oldid=540288543 " Category : United States county name disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Caldwell County, Kentucky Caldwell County
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#1732848558957572-527: The tobacco company by destroying crops, burning warehouses, and attacking individuals. The Night Riders took over Princeton one night in December 1906, burning all of the Duke tobacco warehouses. They raided other towns, conducting similar raids and destroying resources. The " Black Patch Wars " came to an end around 1908, finally suppressed with the aid of the Kentucky state militia. Since 1925, Caldwell County has housed
598-506: The war ended, Lyon accompanied Governor Isham G. Harris of Tennessee into Mexico , intending to offer his services to Emperor Maximilian . He was a civil engineer in Mexico for nearly a year before finally returning to his home in Eddyville, Kentucky , where he resumed farming and opened a prosperous mercantile business. He also served as state prison commissioner, primarily responsible for what
624-468: Was 38 per square mile (15/km ). There were 6,126 housing units at an average density of 18 per square mile (6.9/km ). The racial makeup of the county was 93.89% White , 4.81% Black or African American , 0.15% Native American , 0.16% Asian , 0.01% Pacific Islander , 0.39% from other races , and 0.60% from two or more races. 0.61% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. There were 5,431 households, out of which 28.50% had children under
650-686: Was finally exchanged in September. His regiment was soon reorganized as the 8th Kentucky, now re-enlisted for three years, with Lyon appointed as its colonel . He fought in the forces of Earl Van Dorn and then John C. Pemberton during the Vicksburg Campaign . He and 250 of his men managed to avoid surrendering to Grant, and Lyon led them to Jackson, Mississippi , where they joined the Confederate forces there. Later, Braxton Bragg appointed Lyon as commander of two regiments of cavalry under Joseph Wheeler , and he served under James Longstreet during
676-532: Was promoted to lieutenant colonel of the 8th Kentucky Infantry and exercised command in the absence of the colonel. Lyon's regiment was part of the garrison of Fort Donelson , Tennessee. After fighting off three attacks by the Union Army, the fort finally surrendered to Ulysses S. Grant . Lyon was sent as a prisoner of war , first to Camp Morton at Indianapolis and then to Camp Chase , Ohio . He and other captured officers were sent to Fort Warren , where he
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