Misplaced Pages

#83916

24-632: Abitibi is an Algonquin word meaning "halfway water", derived from abitah , which may be translated as "middle" or "halfway", and nipi , "water". Originally used by the French to designate a band of Algonquin Indians who lived near the lake, the name was descriptive of their location halfway between the trading posts on the Hudson Bay and those on the Ottawa River. The river was an important fur trading route for

48-594: A northern route by the Credit River , to Georgian Bay . These were considered their historic traditional lands on the shores of Lake Superior and northern Lake Huron around the Mississagi River . The Mississauga called for the core Anishinaabe to Midewiwin , meaning 'return to the path of the good life'. The core Anishinaabe peoples formed the Council of Three Fires and migrated from their "Third Stopping Place" near

72-414: A sequence of one "weak" syllable plus one "strong" syllable), counting long vowels ( à , è , ì , ò ) as a full foot (a foot consisting of a single "strong" syllable). The primary stress is then normally on the strong syllable of the third foot from the end of the word—which, in words that are five syllables long or less, usually translates in practical terms to the first syllable (if it has a long vowel) or

96-565: Is a dialect of Nipissing Ojibwa which, together with Mississauga Ojibwa and Odawa , form the Nishnaabemwin (Eastern Ojibwa) group of the Ojibwa dialect continuum. The consonant phonemes and major allophones of Algonquin in Cuoq spelling, one of several common orthographies, and its common variants are listed below (with IPA notation in brackets): In an older orthography still popular in some of

120-527: Is a similar dialect to the Oji-Cree dialect (Severn/Anishininimowin) of northwestern Ontario, despite being geographically separated by 800 kilometres (500 miles). There are several dialects of Omàmìwininìmowin (the Algonquin language), generally grouped broadly as Northern Algonquin and Western Algonquin . Speakers at Kitigan Zibi consider their language to be Southern Algonquin , though linguistically it

144-598: Is considered a particularly divergent dialect of Ojibwe by many. But, although the speakers call themselves Omàmìwininì or Anicinàbe , the Ojibwe call them Odishkwaagamii ('those at the end of the lake'). Among Omàmìwininì (Algonquins), however, the Nipissing are called Otickwàgamì (the Algonquin orthography for the Ojibwe Odishkwaagamii ) and their language as Otickwàgamìmowin . The rest of

168-534: Is either a distinct Algonquian language closely related to the Ojibwe language or a particularly divergent Ojibwe dialect . It is spoken, alongside French and to some extent English , by the Algonquin First Nations of Quebec and Ontario . As of 2006, there were 2,680 Algonquin speakers, less than 10% of whom were monolingual. Algonquin is the language for which the entire Algonquian language subgroup

192-450: Is named; the similarity among the names often causes considerable confusion. Like many Native American languages, it is strongly verb-based, with most meaning being incorporated into verbs instead of using separate words for prepositions, tense, etc. Omàmìwininìmowin (Algonquin) is an Algonquian language , of the Algic family of languages, and is descended from Proto-Algonquian . It

216-530: Is pronounced [ʌnokiː kiːʒɪɡ] . Algonquin does have nasal vowels, but they are allophonic variants (similar to how in English vowels are sometimes nasalized before m and n ). In Algonquin, vowels automatically become nasal before nd , ndj , ng , nh , nhi , nj or nz . For example, kìgònz ('fish') is pronounced [kiːɡõːz] , not [kʰiːɡoːnz] . Word stress in Algonquin is complex but regular. Words are divided into iambic feet (an iambic foot being

240-599: The Anishinaabe word Misi-zaagiing , meaning "[Those at the] Great River-mouth." It is closely related to the Ojibwe word Miswe-zaagiing , which means ‘a river with many outlets.’ According to the oral histories of the Anishinaabe, after departing the "Second Stopping Place" near Niagara Falls , the core Anishinaabe peoples migrated along the shores of Lake Erie to what is now southern Michigan . They became "lost" both physically and spiritually. The Mississauga migrated along

264-453: The Hudson's Bay Company . From 1914 Until 2014, pulp and paper , centered on the town of Iroquois Falls , was an important industry in the heavily forested region through which it flows. The region also supports tourism and gold mining. The Abitibi Canyon Generating Station is located on the river at Abitibi Canyon . The experience of surveying the river for the purposes of building this plant

SECTION 10

#1732844409084

288-588: The Mississagi River Oumisagai or Mississauga and for unknown reasons began to apply that name to the Ojibwe who took over the lands immediately north of Lake Ontario . On the 1675 Carte du Mississippi et des lacs Supérieur, Michigan et Huron , the Mississauga were recorded as "Missisakingdachirinouek" ( Misi-zaaging dash ininweg : "Regular-speakers of the Great River-mouth"). This was not how

312-647: The Algonquian languages and the so-called " Ritwan " languages, Wiyot and Yurok . Ojibwe and its similar languages are frequently referred to as a " Central Algonquian " language; however, Central Algonquian is an areal grouping rather than a genetic one. Among Algonquian languages, only the Eastern Algonquian languages constitute a true genetic subgroup. The northern Omàmìwininìmowin (Algonquin language) dialect of Anishinabemowin as spoken at Winneway, Quebec (Long Point), and Timiskaming First Nation , Quebec,

336-512: The Algonquin communities, known as the Malhiot ( [mɛːjot] ) spelling, which the above Cuoq spelling was based upon, are listed below (with IPA notation in brackets): The Algonquin consonants p , t and k are unaspirated when they are pronounced between two vowels or after an m or n ; plain voiceless and voiceless aspirated stops in Algonquin are thus allophones . So kìjig ('day') is pronounced [kʰiːʒɪɡ] , but anokì kìjig ('working day')

360-593: The Mississagas from Lake Huron , a large tribe of French Indians, or under French influences. The name Tisagechroanue here is probably a misprint, for it is most often found Zisaugeghroanu." Starting in 1781 during the waning years of the American Revolutionary War , the Crown purchased land which encompassed much of present-day southern Ontario from the Mississauga in a series of transactions. They purchased

384-588: The Mississaugas originally knew themselves, but they eventually adopted the name and use it today. When Conrad Weiser conducted a census in Logstown in 1748, he identified the people as Tisagechroamis , his attempt at conveying the sound of their exonym name in Wendat . Other variants of this spelling were Tisagechroamis , Tisaghechroamis , Tisagechroan , Tisagechroanu , and Zisaugeghroanu . "The Tisagechroanu were

408-461: The Omàmìwininìmowin (Algonquin) communities call themselves Omàmiwininiwak ('down-stream men'), and the language Omàmiwininìmowin ('speech of the down-stream men'). Other than Omàmìwininìmowin (Algonquin), languages considered as particularly divergent dialects of the Anishinaabe language include Mississauga (often called "Eastern Ojibwe") and Odawa . The Potawatomi language

432-587: The former's Six Nations Reserve on Grand River. The Mississauga became established on the New Credit. Beginning in the 19th century, the Mississauga sought to gain compensation for the land granted to them but given to other settlers. In the 21st century, the Canadian government awarded the Mississauga of the New Credit First Nation nearly $ 145 million in settlement of this land claim. All the Mississaugas are

456-684: The land to fulfill promises made in the Haldimand Proclamation concerning land promised to the Iroquois for their support for the Crown during the war, and to compensate the Iroquois for losing territory to American colonists. The sale of land by the Mississaugas of the Credit to the Crown was referred to as the "Between the Lakes Treaty." In 1848, the Iroquois granted land to the Mississauga within

480-639: The present city of Detroit to their "Fourth Stopping Place" on Manitoulin Island , along the eastern shores of Georgian Bay. The homelands of the Mississaugas were originally claimed by the Huron/Wyandot , who were driven off by the Iroquois in the Beaver Wars in 1649/50. The Ojibwe Anishinaabe then moved into the area around 1700, pushing out the Iroquois. The French had previously called an Anishinaabe band near

504-479: The second syllable (if not). The strong syllables of the remaining iambic feet each carry secondary stress, as do any final weak syllables. For example: /ni.ˈbi/ , /ˈsiː.ˌbi/ , /mi.ˈki.ˌzi/ , /ˈnaː.no.ˌmi.da.ˌna/ . Mississaugas The Mississaugas are a group of First Nations peoples located in southern Ontario , Canada. They are a sub-group of the Ojibwe Nation. The name "Mississauga" comes from

SECTION 20

#1732844409084

528-537: The significant amount of private land within the area that made the management of the waterway class provincial park difficult. The Abitibi River is used extensively for the hydro-electric power generation . Power stations on the river are in downstream order: [REDACTED] Media related to Abitibi River at Wikimedia Commons Algonquin language Algonquin (also spelled Algonkin ; in Algonquin: Anicinàbemowin or Anishinàbemiwin )

552-731: Was considered a divergent dialect of Anishinaabemowin (the Anishinaabe language) but now is considered a separate language. Culturally, Omàmìwininì (Algonquin) and the Michi Saagiig (Mississaugas) were not part of the Ojibwe–Odawa–Potawatomi alliance known as the Council of Three Fires . The Omàmìwininìwak (Algonquins) maintained stronger cultural ties with the Abenaki , Atikamekw and Cree . Among sister Algonquian languages are Blackfoot , Cheyenne , Cree , Fox , Menominee , Potawatomi , and Shawnee . The Algic family contains

576-561: Was the inspiration for folk singer Wade Hemsworth 's " The Black Fly Song ". Description of river course (in downstream order): A small portion of the river (from the outlet of Lake Abitibi to Couchching Falls) is protected in the Abitibi-De-Troyes Provincial Park . Until April 2005, this park included all the public lands stretching along the Abitibi River to Iroquois Falls , but most of these were deregulated because

#83916