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65-1631: Xiyuan (Chinese: 西苑 , Xīyuàn , unless otherwise noted) may refer to: Western Garden (Taiye Lake) or Xiyuan, a former imperial garden located beside Taiye Lake west of the Forbidden City, in Xicheng District, Beijing Xiyuan, Haidian District, Beijing , area in Qinglongqiao Subdistrict , Haidian District, Beijing Xiyuan Subdistrict, Jinjiang Xiyuan Subdistrict, Shijiazhuang , in Xinhua District, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Xiyuan Subdistrict, Fuxin , in Xihe District , Fuxin, Liaoning Xiyuan Subdistrict, Weihai , in Huancui District , Weihai, Shandong Xiyuan Subdistrict, Kunming , in Xishan District , Kunming, Yunnan Xiyuan Temple ( 西园寺 ), or Xiyuan Jiechuanglü Temple, in Wuzhong District, Suzhou, Jiangsu Xiyuan Township, Jianning County ( 溪源乡 ), Fujian Xiyuan Township, Xianyou County , Fujian Xiyuan Township, Zhangping , Fujian Xiyuan Township, Jiangxi ( 西源乡 ), in Duchang County See also [ edit ] Xiyuan station (disambiguation) [REDACTED] Topics referred to by

130-544: A prefecture ( 府 ,   fǔ ). This form still appears in the Latin name of the Catholic diocese of Xi'an , archidioecesis Singanensis . The name was later romanized as " Hsi-an " by Wade & Giles and as " Sianfu " or " Sian " by the imperial post office , both of which were common until the promulgation of pinyin. The area of present-day Xi'an has been the site of several important former Chinese cities. The capital of

195-890: A few miles to the north, is the station for the high-speed trains of the Zhengzhou–Xi'an High-Speed Railway . With 34 platforms, it is the largest railway station in Northwest China . Construction of the station began on September 19, 2008. The station was opened on January 11, 2011. As of May 2012, Xi'an North Station is served only by the fast (G-series and D-series) trains running on the Zhengzhou–Xi'an high-speed railway ; one of them continues south to Hankou . The city's other stations include Xi'an West , Xi'an East , Xi'an South , Sanmincun, and Fangzhicheng railway stations. Xi'an Railway Station covers 597,000 square meters (6,430,000 square feet ), has 5 passenger platforms, and 24 tracks. It provides 112 services to 80 000 people daily. Among

260-492: A succession of names: Fengyuan ( 奉 元 ), Anxi ( 安西 , "Peaceful West") and Jingzhao ( 京 兆 ). The Ming name "Xi'an" was changed back to Xijing ("Western Capital", as above) between 1930 and 1943. The Lantian Man was discovered in 1963 in Lantian County , 50 km (31 mi) southeast of Xi'an, and dates back to at least 500,000 years before the present time. A 6,500-year-old Neolithic village, Banpo ,

325-473: Is 23:00, for Line 1 is 23:30, and for Line 2 is 23:50. On December 30, 2008, a fire accident occurred that was extinguished within an hour and all workers evacuated safely. Sixty-six hours later, on January 2, another fire occurred at another station on Line 2. Xi'an's rail station, located just north of Xi'an's walled city, is one of the eight major national rail stations and the main rail hub of Shaanxi Province. The new Xi'an North railway station , situated

390-480: Is 25 miles northwest of Xi'an city center, and 8 miles northeast of the center of Xianyang. China Eastern Airlines , Hainan Airlines and China Southern Airlines are the main airlines using the airport. Terminal 3 and the second runway were opened on May 3, 2012. Construction of Terminal 5 began in 2022 and is expected to be completed by 2025. Other than linking to most Chinese cities, the airport also has flights to several major Asian cities. One incident, however,

455-499: Is 6.7 times the size of the current Forbidden City and 11 times the size of the Vatican City. The original Xi'an city wall was started in 194 BC and took 4 years to finish. Upon completion, the wall measured 25.7 km (15.97 mi) in length and 12 to 16 m (39.37–52.49 ft) in thickness at the base, enclosing an area of 36 km (13.90 sq mi). In the year 190, amidst uprisings and rebellions just prior to

520-734: Is basically parallel to Line 2 on its east except for the northern parts, runs from the North Square of the North Railway Station [Beikezhan (Beiguangchang)] to south (Hangtianxincheng) and was available publicly on December 26, 2018. Line 5 opened on December 28, 2020. This line is 41.6 kilometers long, with 31 stations from Matengkong to Chuangxingang. Line 16 opened on June 27, 2023, and is 15.03 kilometers long, and runs from Qinchuangyuanzhongxin to Shijingli with 9 stations. Four more lines are currently under construction, including an extension of Line 1. The subway system covers some of

585-537: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Taiye Lake Taiye Lake was immortalized in the early 1410s when the Yongle Emperor commissioned The Eight Views of Beijing ( 北京八景圖 ), recording the capital's chief sites in poetry and painting in order to legitimize his removal of the imperial capital away from Nanking . It is best remembered in China today from

650-520: Is in 1994, when China Northwest Airlines flight 2303 broke up in mid-air and crashed near Xi'an en route to Guangzhou. A maintenance error was responsible. All 160 people on board died. As of 2016 , it remains the deadliest airplane crash ever to occur in mainland China. Xi'an is home to contemporary Chinese stars such as Xu Wei , Zhang Chu and Zheng Jun . Yangrou paomo (flat bread soaked in lamb soup; simplified Chinese: 羊肉泡馍 ; traditional Chinese: 羊肉泡饃 ; pinyin: Yángròu pàomó )

715-689: Is located in the city of Xi'an . Two lakes named Taiye existed in Xi'an (known as Chang'an). The earlier Taiye Lake was excavated in the Han dynasty by the Emperor Wu in the 1st century BC as part of his Jianzhang Palace ( 建章宮 , Jiànzhānggōng ). This lake, along with the Kunming Lake , was a necessary addition to the city's water supply after the expansion of the capital city under Emperor Wu's reign. The second Taiye Lake in Xi'an

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780-554: Is one of China's Four Great Ancient Capitals , having held the position under several of the most important dynasties in Chinese history , including the Western Zhou , Western Han , Sui , Northern Zhou and Tang . Xi'an is now the second-most popular tourist destination in China. The city was one of the terminal points on the Silk Road during the ancient and medieval eras, as well as

845-405: Is the atonal pinyin romanization of its Chinese name 西安 , Western Peace . (The apostrophe – known in Chinese as a 隔音符號 , géyīn fúhào – should be included to distinguish its pronunciation from the single syllable xian .) The name was adopted in 1369 under the early Ming dynasty . Jesuit missionaries recorded its name as " Si-ngan " or "Si-ngan-fou" from its status as the seat of

910-486: Is urban. Xi'an has direct jurisdiction over 11 districts and 2 counties : Xi'an has many areas that are easily accessible on foot. In many commercial, residential, educational zones in the city, especially in the shopping and entertainment districts around the Bell Tower, underpasses and overpasses have been built for the safety and convenience of pedestrians. A bicycle sharing network started operating in Xi'an from

975-593: The Giant Wild Goose Pagoda began in 652. This pagoda was 64 m (209.97 ft) in height, and was built to store the translations of Buddhist sutras obtained from India by Xuanzang . In 707, construction of the Small Wild Goose Pagoda began. This pagoda measured 45 m (147.64 ft) tall at the time of completion, and was built to store the translations of Buddhist sutras by Yijing . The massive 1556 Shaanxi earthquake eventually damaged

1040-561: The Han dynasty established his capital in Chang'an County; his first palace, Changle Palace ( 長樂宮 , "Perpetual Happiness") was built across the river from the ruin of the Qin capital. This is traditionally regarded as the founding date of Chang'an. Two years later, Liu Bang built Weiyang Palace ( 未央宮 , "Never Ending Palace") north of modern Xi'an. Weiyang Palace was the largest palace ever built on Earth, covering 4.8 square kilometers (1,200 acres), which

1105-616: The Ming dynasty , construction on the present-day Forbidden City began in AD 1406 as part of the Yongle Emperor 's relocation of the capital away from Nanjing . The new palace was south of the former Yuan one and the Taiye was expanded south along with it. The soil excavated from the lake and the fortress's moat were piled up to the palace's north to form the Mountain of Long Life (now known as Jingshan ), burying

1170-551: The Three Kingdoms period, Dong Zhuo , a powerful warlord from nearby Xiliang, moved the court from Luoyang to Chang'an in a bid to avoid a coalition of other powerful warlords against him. In 582, shortly after the Sui dynasty was founded, the emperor of Sui ordered a new capital to be built southeast of the Han capital, called Daxing (大興, "Great prosperity"). It consisted of three sections:

1235-629: The Warring States period , China was unified under the Qin dynasty (221–206 BC) for the first time, with the capital located at Xianyang , just northwest of modern Xi'an. The first emperor of China, Qin Shi Huang ordered the construction of the Terracotta Army and his mausoleum just to the east of Xi'an almost immediately after his ascension to the throne. In 202 BC, the founding emperor Liu Bang of

1300-641: The Western Zhou were the twin cities of Feng and Hao , known collectively as Fenghao , located on opposite banks of the Feng River at its confluence with the southern bank of the Wei in the western suburbs of present-day Xi'an. The Qin capital Xianyang was erected north of the Wei during the Warring States period and was succeeded by the Western Han capital of Chang'an ( 長安 ), meaning "Perpetual Peace", which

1365-449: The Zhou dynasty . The capital of Zhou was established in the twin settlements of Fengjing ( 灃京 ) and Haojing ( 鎬京 ), together known as Fenghao , located southwest of contemporary Xi'an. The settlement was also known as Zōngzhōu (宗周) to indicate its role as the capital of the vassal states . In 738 BC, King Ping of Zhou moved the capital to Luoyang due to political unrest . Following

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1430-594: The 1770s and Manchus from Xi'an garrison fought in other campaigns against the Dzungars and Uyghurs throughout the 1690s and 18th century. In the 1720s Jingzhou, Hangzhou, and Nanjing Manchu banner garrisons fought in Tibet. For the over 200 years they lived next to each other, Han civilians and Manchu bannermen of both genders in Xi'an did not intermarry with each other at all. The Qing dynasty altered its law on intermarriage between Han civilians and Manchu bannermen several times in

1495-401: The 17th century, the new government reduced the extensive Ming-era parks around the lake, enclosed the smaller present-day area within walls attached to the imperial palace, and began calling the separate sections by their modern names. Successive emperors built pavilions and houses along the lake shore, where they held court during the summer. Xi%27an Xi'an is the capital of

1560-654: The Chinese Dadu) around Zhangzong's former palace and Lake Taiye, which was an important part of the capital's water supply. The lake was expanded until it covered the area of the present northern and central "seas" and three palaces were built around it. The purity of the reservoir was protected by law: from its source at a spring on Yuquan Mountain to Lake Taiye, the Jinshui was given separate passes where it crossed other streams and commoners were forbidden to bathe, wash clothes, water livestock, or dump trash along its course. Under

1625-745: The Chinese city were cut down as they emerged from the gates." In 1936, the Xi'an (then "Sian") Incident took place in the city during the Chinese Civil War . The incident helped to bring the Kuomintang (KMT) and Chinese Communist Party to form the Second United Front in order to concentrate on fighting against the Imperial Japanese Army in the Second Sino-Japanese War . On March 11, 1938, an aerial battle broke out for

1690-584: The Chinese province of Shaanxi . A sub-provincial city on the Guanzhong plain, the city is the third-most populous city in Western China after Chongqing and Chengdu , as well as the most populous city in Northwestern China . Its total population was 12.95 million as of the 2020 census, including an urban population of 9.28 million. Known as Chang'an throughout much of its history, Xi'an

1755-596: The Daning Palace ( t   大寧宮 , s   大宁宫 , Dànínggōng , lit.  "Palace of Great Peace" ) beside the new lake in 1179. During the Yuan dynasty , the ruined site of Zhongdu and its more meager water sources were abandoned in favor of the Gaoliang watershed. The imperial engineers Liu Bingzhong and Guo Shoujing directed the construction of the new Imperial City of Khanbaliq ( Marco Polo 's Cambaluc &

1820-538: The Geodetic Origin would be in central mainland China.' Lintong ( 临潼 ), a town near Xi'an was chosen. Since 1986, Chinese Standard Time (CST) was set from NTSC. The National Time Service Center (NTSC), the Chinese Academy of Sciences is an institute which is mainly engaged in the service and research on time and frequency. NTSC takes charge of generating and maintaining the national standard time scale, disseminating

1885-679: The Heaven'. Xi'an has a temperate climate that is influenced by the East Asian monsoon , classified under the Köppen climate classification as a borderline humid subtropical and humid continental climate ( Cwa/Dwa ). The Wei River valley is characterized by hot, humid summers, cold, dry winters, and dry springs and autumns. Most of the annual precipitation is delivered from July to late October. Snow occasionally falls in winter but rarely settles for long. Dust storms often occur during March and April as

1950-577: The Imperial City, the palace section, and the civilian section, with a total area of 84 km (32 sq mi) within the city walls. At the time, it was the largest city in the world. The city was renamed Chang'an by the Tang dynasty . In the mid-7th century, after returning from his pilgrimage to India, the Buddhist monk Xuanzang established a translation school for Sanskrit scriptures. Construction of

2015-468: The Song dynasty proper and its continued relevance to Muslim travelers into China and Chinese Muslim residents. During the Ming dynasty , a new wall was constructed in 1370 which remains intact to this day. The wall measures 11.9 km (7.4 mi) in circumference , 12 m (39.37 ft) in height, and 15 to 18 m (49.21–59.06 ft) in thickness at the base; a moat was also built outside

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2080-857: The Tang Emperor Taizong , due to efforts of the Christian missionary Alopen in 635. Chang'an was devastated at the end of the Tang dynasty in 904. Residents were forced to move to the new capital city in Luoyang , and a small area in the city continued to be occupied thereafter. In the era of the Song dynasty , Xi'an was an important cultural center of scholarship and innovation on matters such as science , as well as historiography , religion, and philosophy in China. The Northern Song era saw its people, political culture , and strategic location be directly utilized by

2145-586: The bannermen trying to steal at the markets. Manchu Lieutenant general Cimbru reported this to Yongzheng emperor in 1729, after he was assigned there. Governor Yue Rui of Shandong was then ordered by the Yongzheng to report any bannerman misbehaving and warned him not to cover it up in 1730, after Manchu bannermen were put in a quarter in Qingzhou. Manchu bannermen from the garrisons in Xi'an and Jingzhou fought in Xinjiang in

2210-486: The census data from 2007, the population has increased by 1.4 million persons. The population is 51.66 percent male and 48.34 percent female. Among its districts, Yanta has the largest population, with around 1.08 million inhabitants. The Xi'an metropolitan area was estimated by the OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) to have, as of 2010 , a population of 12.9 million, of which 5,740,000

2275-521: The city of Xi'an from the Kuomintang force. During the Mao era, Xi'an was further developed as part of the Third Front Construction . Xi'an made headlines for being one of the many cities where the 2012 China anti-Japanese demonstrations occurred. In 2022, Xi'an witnessed the largest COVID-19 community outbreak since the initial months of the pandemic hit China. From December 23, 2021,

2340-550: The city rapidly warms up. Summer months also experience frequent but short thunderstorms . The monthly 24-hour average temperature ranges from around the freezing mark in January to 27.0 °C (80.6 °F) in July, with an annual mean of 14.08 °C (57.3 °F). Extremes since 1951 have ranged from −20.6 °C (−5 °F) on January 11, 1955, to 41.8 °C (107 °F) on June 21, 1998. A highest record of 42.9 °C (109 °F)

2405-511: The city was put into strict lockdown after local authorities reported more than 250 cases, traced to the Delta variant by authorities. This led to stressed healthcare and delayed or insufficient food deliveries to some part of the city. Restrictions of Xi'an were lifted on January 24. Xi'an lies on the Guanzhong Plain in the south-central part of Shaanxi province, on a flood plain created by

2470-406: The destinations served by direct trains from Xi'an are Beijing , Zhengzhou , Lanzhou , Baoji , and Mount Hua . China Railway High-speed 2 now run an express services from Xi'an to Baoji and Xi'an to Zhengzhou; with a total running time to Baoji of under 90 minutes, and 2 hours to Zhengzhou. The Zhengzhou–Xi'an high-speed railway also serves Xi'an. Construction work began on September 25, 2005,

2535-575: The dynasty. At the beginning of the Qing dynasty, the Qing allowed Han civilians to marry Manchu women. Then the Qing banned civilians from marrying women from the Eight banners later. In 1865, the Qing allowed Han civilian men to marry Manchu bannerwomen in all garrisons, except the capital garrison of Beijing. There was no formal law on marriage between people in the different banners, like the Manchu and Han banners, but it

2600-621: The eight surrounding rivers and streams. The city borders the northern foot of the Qin Mountains (Qinling) to the south, and the banks of the Wei River to the north. Hua Shan , one of the five sacred Taoist mountains, is located 100 km (62 mi) away to the east of the city. Not far to the north is the Loess Plateau . At the beginning of Han dynasty, the Chief of Staff Zhang Liang advised

2665-402: The emperor Liu Bang to choose Guanzhong as the capital of the Han dynasty: "Guanzhong Plain is located behind Mount Xiao and Hangu Pass , and connects Long ( Gansu ) and Shu ( Sichuan ). The area can be called an irony castle spreads for thousands of miles, and is rich in harvest like the nation of heaven." ( 关中左崤函，右陇蜀，沃野千里，此所谓金城千里，天府之国也 ) Since then, Guanzhong is also known as the 'Nation of

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2730-626: The first time over Xi'an as Imperial Japanese Army Air Force aircraft attacked the city, and was engaged by Chinese Air Force I-15 fighter planes, led by Lt. Cen Zeliu of the 5th Pursuit Group, 17th Squadron. While repeatedly attacked by air, Shaanxi was heavily fortified by units of the Eighth Route Army ; Xi'an was never taken by the Japanese forces. On May 20, 1949, the Communist-controlled People's Liberation Army captured

2795-575: The former Yuan site and improving the fengshui of the new one. The lake now comprised the three present-day "seas", which were divided by bridges, but continued to be known collectively as Taiye. The grounds were known as the Xiyuan or Western Garden ( 西苑 , Xīyuàn ) and the Jiajing Emperor and others retreated to it to escape life at court. After the establishment of the Manchu -led Qing dynasty in

2860-433: The former capital city of Song dynasty in the south. During the reconstruction of Beijing, a Taiye Lake was built near the palace of Jurchens. The relic of this Taiye Lake is in today's Xicheng district outside of the southwestern second ring road and roughly near the Guang'an Gate of Beijing in later dynasties. The still-existing Taiye Lakes in Beijing were first created in the Mongol -led Yuan dynasty when Beijing

2925-585: The growing number of personal automobiles also means traffic jams are a common urban issue. Line 2, running through the city from north (North Railway Station) to south (Weiqu Nan), was the first line opened to the public on September 16, 2011. Operations began on September 28, 2011. This line is 19.9 kilometers (12.4 miles) long with 17 stations. Line 1 opened on September 15, 2013. As a west–east railway, its 19 stations connect Houweizhai and Fangzhicheng . Line 3 runs from northeast ( Baoshuiqu ) to southwest (Yuhuazhai) and opened on November 8, 2016. Line 4, which

2990-492: The home of the 3rd-century BC Terracotta Army commissioned by Emperor Qin Shi Huang —both of which are listed as World Heritage Sites by UNESCO . Since the 1980s, as part of the economic growth of inland China especially for the central and northwest regions, Xi'an has matured into a cultural, industrial, political and educational, and research and development hub. Xi'an currently holds sub-provincial status, administering 11 districts and 2 counties. In 2020, Xi'an

3055-412: The massacre commented that "Old and young, men and women, children alike, were all butchered... Houses were plundered and then burnt; those who would fain have laid hidden till the storm was past, were forced to come out into the open. The revolutionaries, protected by a parapet of the wall, poured a heavy, unceasing, relentless fire into the doomed Tartar (Manchu) city, those who tried to escape thence into

3120-404: The most famous attractions, such as Banpo Museum (Banpo Station, Line 1), Bell and Drum Tower (Line 2), Fortifications of Xi'an (Line 2), the Giant Wild Goose Pagoda (Line 3 and Line 4), the Daminggong National Heritage Park (Line 4) and Shaanxi History Museum (Line 2, 3 and 4), etc. The first metro departure time for Line 1, 2, 3 and 4 is 6:00, the last metro departure time for Line 3 and 4

3185-499: The most militarily skilled provincial Manchu banner garrison. Manchu women from the Xi'an garrison often left the walled Manchu garrison and went to hot springs outside the city, and gained bad reputations for their sexual lives. A Manchu from Beijing, Sumurji, was shocked and disgusted by this after being appointed Lieutenant general of the Manchu garrison of Xi'an and informed the Yongzheng emperor what they were doing. Han civilians and Manchu bannermen in Xi'an had bad relations, with

3250-402: The provincial garrisons and they were able to draw their bows properly and perform cavalry archery, unlike Beijing Manchus. The Qianlong emperor received a memorial staying Xi'an Manchu bannermen still had martial skills, although not up to those, in the past in a 1737 memorial from Cimbu. By the 1780s, the military skills of Xi'an Manchu bannermen dropped enormously, and they had been regarded as

3315-417: The railway opened for service on February 6, 2010. The railway has made air service between Zhengzhou and Xi'an uncompetitive. All passenger flights between the two cities were suspended within 48 days of start of regular high-speed rail service. Xi'an Xianyang International Airport (airport code: XIY) is the major airport serving the city and it is the largest airport in the northwestern part of China. It

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3380-486: The revolution. Those of Shaanxi supported the revolutionaries, while those of Gansu supported the Qing. The Hui of Xi'an (Shaanxi province) joined the Han Chinese revolutionaries in slaughtering the Manchus. Some wealthy Manchus survived by being ransomed . Wealthy Han Chinese enslaved Manchu girls and poor Han Chinese troops seized young Manchu women as wives. Hui Muslims also seized young pretty Manchu girls and raised them as Muslims. A British missionary who witnessed

3445-471: The same term This disambiguation page lists articles about distinct geographical locations with the same name. If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Xiyuan&oldid=1134920538 " Category : Place name disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Articles containing Chinese-language text Short description

3510-469: The scene of "Clear Waves at Taiye Lake" ( 太液晴波 , Tàiyè Qíngbō ). The literal meaning of the Chinese characters 太液池 is "Great Liquid Pool" or "Great Liquid Pond". Prior to the Taiye Lake watershed system in Beijing that still exists today known as North, Central and South Seas, the name "Taiye" had honored several lakes in imperial gardens or palaces in various locations that once served as capital cities of imperial China. An early example of Taiye Lake

3575-416: The time and frequency signals. The autonomous standard time scales of universal time and atomic time and the dissemination techniques with LF radio and HF radio were established successively during the 1970s and 1980s, which meet all the requirements for different applications on the whole, such as the scientific researches, national economy, etc. As of 2010 Xi'an has a population of 5.4 million. Compared to

3640-444: The tower and reduced its height to 43.4 m (142.39 ft). The Nestorian Stele is a Tang Chinese stele erected in 781 that documents 150 years of early Christianity in China . It is a 279 cm tall limestone block with text in both Chinese and Syriac describing the existence of Christian communities in several cities in northern China. It reveals that the initial Nestorian Christian church had met recognition by

3705-544: The walls. The new wall and moat would protect a much smaller city of 12 km (4.6 sq mi). The Qing dynasty established a walled off Manchu banner quarter in northeast Xi'an, on the site of the former palace of the Ming Prince of Qin. A Han banner quarter was established in the southeast of the city. Manchu bannermen from the Xi'an banner garrison were praised for maintaining Manchu culture by Kangxi in 1703. Xi'an garrison Manchus were said to retain Manchu culture far better than all other Manchus at martial skills in

3770-504: The year 2013 and today has 52,000 bikes, used by over 200,000 people per day. Taxi services are numerous, but many citizens of Xi'an still commute to work using the city's 270 official municipal bus routes serviced by a fleet of over 7,800 buses, with an average system-wide ridership of over 4 million people per day. The bus network is complemented by a rapidly expanding subway system that carries over 1.5 million commuters per day. There are more than 2 million registered automobiles in Xi'an;

3835-399: Was discovered in 1953 on the eastern outskirts of the city proper, which contains the remains of several well organized Neolithic settlements carbon dated to 5,600–6,700 years ago . The site is now home to the Xi'an Banpo Museum , built in 1957 to preserve the archaeological collection. Xi'an became a cultural and political center of China in the 11th century BC with the founding of

3900-454: Was excavated in the Tang dynasty by the Emperor Taizong next to his father 's Daming Palace , after the capital had been relocated several miles northward due to the growing salinity of the water source at the original site. There are older Taiye Lakes in Beijing, too. In 1151, Beijing (known as Zhongdu) became the capital city of the Jurchen -led Jin dynasty . The emperor Wanyan Liang ordered to rebuild Beijing in style of Kaifeng ,

3965-517: Was informally regulated by social status and custom. In northeastern China, such as Heilongjiang and Liaoning, it was more common for Manchu women to marry Han men, since they were not subjected to the same laws and institutional oversight as Manchus and Han in Beijing and elsewhere. In October 1911, during the Xinhai revolution , revolutionaries stormed the Manchu fort in Xi'an. Most of the city's 20,000 Manchus were killed. Hui (Muslims; then referred to as "Mohammedans") were divided in its support for

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4030-459: Was located south of the Wei and covered the central area of present-day Xi'an. During the Eastern Han , Chang'an was also known as the "Western Capital" ( 西 京 ), named for its namesake position relative to the main capital at Luoyang . Under the Sui , its name became Daxing ( 大 興 , "Greatly Prosperous") in AD 581. Under the Tang , the name reverted to Chang'an in 618. Under the Mongolian Yuan dynasty (13th & 14th centuries), it held

4095-587: Was ranked as a Beta- (global second tier) city by the Globalization and World Cities Research Network , and, according to the country's own ranking, ranked 17th; it is also one of the world's top 100 financial centers according to the Global Financial Centres Index . Xi'an is ranked by the Nature Index as one the top 20 cities globally by scientific research output, and is home to multiple prestigious educational institutions , such as Xi'an Jiaotong University , Northwestern Polytechnical University , Xidian University and Northwest University . name "Xi'an"

4160-425: Was reconstructed as Khanbaliq (Dadu) after the previous Beijing city had been seriously damaged during the Mongol conquest of the Jin dynasty . The lake was first constructed as part of the Jinshui River canal system under the Emperor Zhangzong of Jin . Although still within the limits of modern Beijing, the Jin capital of Zhongdu was located well south of the site, in a separate watershed. Zhangzong constructed

4225-427: Was registered in another station on June 17, 2006. An unofficial record low of −25.0 °C (−13 °F) was also recorded in January 1930, but at another weather station in the northern suburbs of the city. The Shaanxi Astronomical Observatory was established in 1966. In 1975, according to the Geodetic Origin Report of the People's Republic of China, 'in order to avoid bias in the mensuration as much as possible,

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