33-610: Woodhead reservoir is a man-made lake near the hamlet of Woodhead in Longdendale in north Derbyshire , England. It was constructed by John Frederick Bateman between 1847 and June 1877 as part of the Longdendale Chain of reservoirs to supply water from the River Etherow to the urban areas of Greater Manchester . It is at the top of the chain of reservoirs and was the first to be started, though, due to construction problems, it
66-426: A central impermeable clay puddle core or curtain. This was supported on each side by selected strong earth material, and then gravel to form a slope of 1 in 1 upstream and 1 in 2 downstream. The upstream would be pitched, and faced in stone. The turnpike would pass over the crest. Drinking water would be extracted by means of a tunnel from several metres below the water level, while when full, excess water would pass over
99-654: Is just wide enough for a packhorse, though it is suspected that the bridge may have originally been wider and was deliberately narrowed when the Saltersbrook turnpike was built, to prevent vehicles bypassing the toll barrier. The turnpike road from Manchester to Saltersbrook connected to further turnpikes for Yorkshire destinations and was built in the mid-18th century, based on the older saltway route. The Longdendale catchment exceeds 30 square miles (78 km ) and has an annual rainfall of 1,330 millimetres (52.5 in). The civil engineer John Frederick Bateman recognised
132-548: Is the location of the western portals of the Woodhead Tunnels , three former railway tunnels on the electrified Woodhead Line between Manchester and Sheffield . There was formerly a railway station and signal box at Woodhead. The Woodhead railway line closed in 1981; the trackbed between Woodhead and Hadfield now forms the Longdendale Trail . The platforms are still intact, although the track has been removed. Among
165-482: The Longdendale Chain : Woodhead Reservoir , Torside Reservoir , Rhodeswood Reservoir , Valehouse Reservoir , Bottoms Reservoir and Arnfield Reservoir . There was a seventh reservoir at Hollingworth , but it was abandoned in 1990 and now forms part of Swallows Wood Nature Reserve . Hollingworth and Mottram were part of the Longdendale urban district in the administrative county of Cheshire from 1936. In 1974
198-454: The Pennines . The passing trade brought prosperity to settlements along the route. The importance of the salt trade along such saltways is shown by surviving placenames; for example Salter's Brook ( SK137999 ) is where the saltway forked, with one route leading to Wakefield and another to Barnsley . The stone Lady Shaw Bridge still exists at this point, as do the ruins of an old inn. The bridge
231-755: The 1,000–1,500-foot (300–460 m) level) on both sides of the valley. It is about 17 miles (27 km) long and is 'not recommended in doubtful weather'. The detailed route, clockwise from Crowden Youth Hostel, is given in Peak District Walking Guide No.2 , published by the Peak Park Planning Board. Torside Reservoir is home to Glossop Sailing Club. The M67 motorway starts at the M60 motorway in Manchester and heads east where it currently terminates at Mottram in Longdendale . There were plans in
264-725: The 1960s to extend it through the National Park to the M1 motorway and Sheffield but it was never built. From here the A628 runs through the valley to join the A616 . As of January 2008 there are advanced plans to improve the A628 route by bypassing Mottram and Tintwistle to the north with a spur to the A57 road . Known as the 'A57/A628 Mottram-in-Longdendale, Hollingworth & Tintwistle Bypass' or Longdendale Bypass ,
297-535: The Arnfield reservoir. These acts were important, as mill owners were reliant on water to power their mills and any potential reduction of supply was opposed. The acts guaranteed a flow of 121 million gallons a week. The construction of the Woodhead Embankment was ambitious and fraught with difficulties. The embankment was to be about 90 feet (27 m) in height; it was sealed to the underlying impermeable rock by
330-729: The Wilbrahams in the 1690s. It was part of the Hundred of Macclesfield. An estate survey, or 'Extent' of the lordship for 1360 was published by the Record Society of Lancashire and Cheshire in July 2005. A packhorse route called a saltway was maintained from the Middle Ages onwards for the purpose of allowing the export of salt from the Cheshire wiches of Nantwich , Northwich and Middlewich across
363-400: The chosen route of the 2014 Tour de France , during the second stage between York and Sheffield. The Pennine Way crosses Longdendale, descending from Bleaklow to the south and ascending Black Hill to the north. The youth hostel at Crowden is a traditional stop after the first day's walk from Edale . The circular walk known as 'The Longdendale Edges' takes in the high ground (at about
SECTION 10
#1732844632096396-454: The district was absorbed by Tameside Metropolitan Borough . There is a Roman fortlet at Highstones on the south-facing slope overlooking Torside Reservoir. It is an oval-shaped area, with an obvious ditch, and about 82 yards (75 m) across. A footpath runs immediately to the north of it, and to the west is Highstones Farm. A Roman road may have run along the valley connecting it with Melandra Castle (Glossop). The lordship of Longdendale
429-434: The late twelfth century and was also probably the centre of lordship of Longdendale as it is the only castle within the lordship. One of the privileges of the lordship was to carry out trial by combat. The lordship of Longdendale was passed from de Neville to his son in law, Thomas de Burgh, in 1211 on his death. The lordship reverted to the control of the crown in 1357, and remained under crown control until 1374. The lordship
462-489: The old riverbed, in the main through solid rock. It was filled with concrete as clay could not withstand a water head of 160 ft (49 m). The reservoir was filled in 1877. It was stated in a statutory report, under the Reservoir Safety Act 1975, dated 12 June, that all five reservoirs could be over-topped during a Probable Maximum Flood. Woodhead as the fountainhead had the most extensive improvements, relieving
495-586: The overspill or waste weir . Work started in 1848. The Heyden Viaduct, now known as the Woodhead Bridge, was completed in 1851, and turned over to the Salters Brook turnpike road that year. The Woodhead embankment was 20 feet (6 m) from completion. Discharge valves had been supplied by Messrs Armstrong and Co, of Newcastle upon Tyne . There was some leakage but on 10 May 1854 the Woodhead Reservoir
528-618: The potential and conceived a plan to deliver this water to Manchester and Salford, while still maintaining the flow in the River Etherow that was needed to power the mills of Tintwistle and Glossop . The six reservoirs have a capacity of 190,000 m (42,000,000 imp gal). A tunnel was built at a depth of 200 feet (60 m) to carry the water from Longdendale into the valley of the River Tame . The Manchester Corporation Waterworks Act 1847 ( 10 & 11 Vict. c. cciii) (9 July 1847)
561-451: The pressure on the other reservoirs. The work took place between 1989 and 1992 at a cost of £3m. The storage level of the reservoir remained the same but the embankment crest was raised by 6.7 m (22 ft), which meant replacing the B6105 road at a higher level and on a new course. An impervious clay membrane was laid in the upstream face to provide continuity with the 1877 embankment. This
594-572: The public inquiry has been adjourned four times and is currently adjourned 'indefinitely'. Traditionally, Longdendale was in the County palatine of Chester. Up until local government reforms in 1974, Longdendale Urban District, along with Tintwistle Rural District , formed part of the administrative county of Cheshire; the Municipal Borough of Glossop was in Derbyshire; and Penistone Rural District
627-452: The remains in the graveyard of St James Church, a small 18th-century chapel, are the unmarked graves of navvies who died during the construction of the tunnels. Adjoining the church is Bleak House, a Grade-II-listed 19th-century dwelling. Two miles to the east, the Lady Cross marks the highest point of the former packhorse road from Longdendale to Rotherham . Only its base and the bottom of
660-563: The shaft survive. The hamlet gives its name to Woodhead Reservoir , the highest in the Longdendale Chain of reservoirs. On 6 July 2014, Stage 2 of the 2014 Tour de France , from York to Sheffield, passed through the hamlet. This Derbyshire location article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Longdendale Longdendale is a valley in the Peak District of England, north of Glossop and southwest of Holmfirth . The name means "long wooded valley" and
693-487: The trans-Pennine A628 road connecting Greater Manchester and South Yorkshire , 6 miles (10 km) north of Glossop , 19 miles (31 km) east of Manchester and 18 miles (29 km) west of Barnsley . It is close to the River Etherow and the Trans Pennine Trail . Although part of Derbyshire since 1974, like nearby Tintwistle and Crowden the hamlet was in the historic county of Cheshire . Woodhead
SECTION 20
#1732844632096726-597: The valley is mostly in the counties of Derbyshire and Greater Manchester . The eastern part of the valley is in the non-metropolitan county of Derbyshire and includes the village of Tintwistle and, further east, part of the Peak District National Park, with the last half-mile or so falling into the Metropolitan Borough of Barnsley in South Yorkshire . The western part of the valley, including
759-467: The villages of Broadbottom , Mottram in Longdendale and Hollingworth is part of Tameside in the metropolitan county of Greater Manchester. The whole of Longdendale forms the easternmost extension of the lands within the historic boundaries of Cheshire . The River Etherow , a tributary of the River Mersey , rises south of Holmfirth and then flows through a chain of six reservoirs known as
792-519: Was an ancient feudal estate encompassing the medieval manors of Godley , Hattersley , Hollingworth , Matley , Mottram , Newton , Staley , Tintwistle and Werneth . The lordship was created by the Earl of Chester in the late twelfth century; William de Neville was the first lord of Longdendale, as appointed by the Earl of Chester. Buckton Castle , near Carrbrook , was probably built by William de Neville in
825-452: Was declared complete, with the exception of remedying the leak. To stop the leak, borings had been made, and ash injected under pressure in the hope it would act as a sealant. In 1858, it was concluded that this would not work; the Etherow valley was on multiple fissures relating to a fault that was causing movement in the soft beds of shale underlying the harder rock beneath the valley. This
858-513: Was given to Matilda Lovell and the Lovells controlled Longdendale until 1465 when control again reverted to the crown. The lordship was granted to Sir William Stanley in 1489, however the lordship once again reverted to the crown when Stanley was executed in 1495 as a supporter of Perkin Warbeck . In 1554 the lordship was granted to Richard Wilbraham. Tollemache family inherited lordship of Longdendale from
891-626: Was in the West Riding of Yorkshire . Today, the valley is split between the Metropolitan Borough of Barnsley in South Yorkshire, the Borough of High Peak in Derbyshire, and the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside in Greater Manchester. The valley and the surrounding area has a reputation for strange phenomena, including unexplained lights and allegedly supernatural apparitions and has become
924-558: Was lifted in 1986. There have been plans to re-open the railway at various times since it was closed, but none have gained planning approval. After the rail line was closed, the trackbed was taken up and the Longdendale Trail constructed along its route. It is now part of the Trans-Pennine Trail ( Sustrans National Cycle Route 62 ) which, in its turn, is part of the 2,000-mile (3,200 km) European walking route E8 from Liverpool to Istanbul. Holme Moss and Woodhead Pass are on
957-443: Was passed to allow the land to be acquired and construction to commence. The first railway line between Manchester and Sheffield was constructed between 1839 and 1845 on the south side of the reservoir chain by 1,500 navvies of whom many died and most suffered illness. The three-mile-long double Woodhead Tunnel was, for a time, the longest tunnel in the country. It was replaced by a single, larger tunnel in 1954. The first tunnel
990-544: Was protected with concrete matting faced in stone. The length of the overflow sill was reduced and a new concrete box section installed to throttle the flow, which was directed into the Etherow Pool. A replacement 1,400-millimetre (55 in) diameter guard valve was installed. Woodhead, Derbyshire Woodhead is a small and scattered settlement at the head of the Longdendale valley in Derbyshire , England. It lies on
1023-554: Was subsequently used by CEGB to reroute the main high-voltage link up the valley and through the National Park underground. The railway line ceased to be economical, and in 1970 the passenger service ceased, followed in 1981 by the goods service. The passenger service was adversely affected by the requirement to keep the Hope Valley line open, whilst the freight service was affected by the falloff in Trans-Pennine coal traffic. The track
Woodhead Reservoir - Misplaced Pages Continue
1056-419: Was the cause of the landslides at Rhodeswood, and the continual problems at Woodhead. In 1862, a second embankment downstream of the first embankment was proposed. This took advantage of a continuous length of shale suitable for a seal. The space between the two embankments was infilled. The new puddle trench was sunk 160 ft (49 m) beneath the height of the first embankment, 60 ft (18 m) below
1089-510: Was the last to be completed. The Manchester Corporation Waterworks Act 1847 ( 10 & 11 Vict. c. cciii) gave permission for the construction of the Woodhead and Arnfield reservoirs and the aqueduct of the Mottram Tunnel . The Manchester Corporation Waterworks Act 1848 allowed the construction of Torside and Rhodeswood Reservoirs , and an aqueduct to convey the water from Rhodeswood to
#95904