39-516: The Longdendale Chain is a sequence of six reservoirs on the River Etherow in the Longdendale Valley , in northern Derbyshire . They were constructed between 1848 and 1884 to a design by John Frederick Bateman to supply the growing population of Manchester and Salford with fresh water. The top three reservoirs (Woodhead, Torside and Rhodeswood) and Arnfield are for drinking water, and
78-511: A review conducted under the Local Government Act 1929 the boundaries of Cheshire were adjusted on 1 April 1936. Hollingworth and Mottram civil parishes and urban districts were abolished and they were both included in the new Longendale civil parish and Urban District . Hattersley and Matley civil parishes were abolished and their area, which had been an exclave of Tintwistle Rural District, were divided between Stalybridge CP, Hyde CP and
117-559: A small local community group, the Friends of Etherow, anglers, the afore-mentioned sailing club, and a model boat club. Compstall Nature Reserve is a 12.8-hectare (32-acre) region of the park which is designated a Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI). The area was given the designation in 1977 for its biological interest, in particular its wide range of habitats, including open water, tall fen , reed swamp , carr and mixed deciduous woodland . The Etherow has no major tributaries; it
156-556: A thin deposit of boulder clay . The brooks are fed by the peaty soils of the moors and are, therefore, acidic (pH5.5–7.0). The Etherow valley was an important trans-Pennine route, and in AD 78 the Romans under Agricola built the fort of Ardotalia (later known as Melandra or Melandra Castle) to defend it. The Mercians settled at Hollingworth about 650 AD. Many placenames of the area date from this period; for example, Mottram and Glossop . At
195-460: Is a tributary of the River Goyt . Although now passing through South Yorkshire , Derbyshire and Greater Manchester , it historically formed the ancient county boundary between Cheshire and Derbyshire. The upper valley is known as Longdendale . The river has a watershed of approximately 30 square miles (78 km ), and the area an annual rainfall of 52.5 inches (1,330 mm). Rising in
234-618: Is a steep-sided V-shaped valley that is glacial in origin. Longdendale is in the Dark Peak , where a thick blanket of peat overlies the Millstone Grit sandstone, formed on a bed of shale through which flows the Etherow. Directly beneath the upper valley lie areas of Carboniferous Millstone Grit, shales and sandstone . It is on the edge of the Peak District Dome, at the southern edge of
273-469: Is considerable local feeling that there is no viable alternative to a bypass. St Michael and All Angels Church dates from the late 15th century. The church is a Grade II* Listed Building , built in the Perpendicular Gothic style. The interior of St. Michael's was remodelled in 1854 but the exterior remains intact from the 15th and 16th centuries. The church stands high up on Warhill overlooking
312-505: Is fed by numerous brooks and streams from the cloughs flowing off Kinder Scout , Bleaklow and Black Hill . Minor left tributaries are: Minor right tributaries are: Mottram-in-Longdendale Mottram in Longdendale is a village in Tameside , Greater Manchester , England. At the 2011 census, the population for the ward of Longdendale, which includes Mottram and the surrounding area,
351-403: Is part of the 2,000 miles (3,200 km) European walking route E8 from Liverpool to Istanbul. The Pennine Way crosses Longdendale, descending from Bleaklow to the south and ascending Black Hill to the north. The youth hostel at Crowden is a traditional stop after the first day's walking, from Edale . The circular walk known as 'The Longdendale Edges' takes in the high ground (at about
390-513: Is the home to Etherow Country Park Sailing Club. Etherow Country Park , in Compstall , close to the mouth of the Etherow, opened in 1968 as one of the UK's first country parks . Originally it was an industrial area incorporating a mine, a mill and a mill pond. The River Etherow flows through the park and is the source for the mill pond. Etherow Country Park is associated with many local groups, including
429-446: The *Tin- type (see River Tyne ), derived from the hydronym *edre , which is possibly related to ēdre , "vein". The Longdendale Chain of reservoirs comprises three impounding reservoirs, Woodhead Reservoir , Torside Reservoir and Rhodeswood Reservoir , supplying 24,000,000 imperial gallons (110 Ml) of water a day by gravity to Manchester and Salford, and 6,600,000 imperial gallons (30 Ml) to Hyde and Denton through
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#1732852007213468-411: The Local Government Act 1894 several changes came into effect on 31 December of that year. Most of Tintwistle civil parish became part of the new Tintwistle Rural District , with the civil parishes of Hattersley and Matley forming an exclave of the district; On the same day, the new civil parish of Mossley was created and those parts of Tintwistle and Stayley that had been included in the boundaries of
507-653: The Local Government Act 1972 in 1974. In 1795, Aikin in his book, Forty Miles around Manchester , wrote In the 18th century the River Etherow was known as the Mersey . The River Tame has been a border from the earliest times between the Anglo-Saxon kingdoms of Northumbria and Mercia . The ancient parish was the most northerly in Cheshire. Mottram came to prominence as a transport hub. It lies on two pack horse routes used to carry salt from Cheshire to South Yorkshire over
546-658: The Mottram tunnel . Valehouse Reservoir and Bottoms Reservoir are compensating reservoirs which have a combined holding capacity of 4,200,000,000 imperial gallons (19,000 Ml). The Woodhead Line, which followed the river from Hadfield to the Woodhead Tunnel portal, was an important cross-Pennine route built in 1844 by the Sheffield, Ashton-under-Lyne and Manchester Railway . Three tunnels of 4,840 metres (15,880 ft) were dug, connecting Woodhead with Dunford Bridge on
585-634: The Pennines and carry lime for soil improvement from Chapel-en-le-Frith . It was on the Manchester to Sheffield stage coach route, and had a flyer service to Manchester. Before the Industrial Revolution Mottram and Ashton had been the most significant towns in the area, the manor and manorial court house were in Mottram, but other towns eclipsed Mottram in size and importance. Mottram was active in
624-410: The Pennines . The saltway followed the Etherow to Ladyshaw, and at Salters Brook ( SK137999 ) it forked, with one route leading to Wakefield and another to Barnsley . Water was an important source of power for industry, and the Etherow and its tributaries were fast flowing and constant. Watermills were used to grind meal and to full woollen cloth (Littlemoor 1781). Wool was transported along
663-565: The Poor Law Amendment Act 1886 the townships became civil parishes in their own right. In 1857 an area of the Stayley township was incorporated as part of the newly created municipal borough of Stalybridge and in 1881 the civil parishes of Godley and Newton were incorporated as part of the new Hyde Municipal Borough. In 1885 the municipal borough of Mossley was created and included parts of Tintwistle and Stayley civil parishes. Under
702-700: The River Don . Though now closed to railway traffic, one tunnel is used to route electricity cables for the National Grid , with work in progress to use a second tunnel for a new cable, thus preventing the re-establishment of rail traffic. Following the closure of the railway line, the trackbed was taken up and the Longdendale Trail constructed along its route. This is now part of the Trans-Pennine Trail , Sustrans National Cycle Route 62. This, in its turn,
741-554: The River Goyt at Brabyns Park near Marple . The modern accepted start of the River Mersey is at the confluence of the Tame and Goyt, in central Stockport , 4 miles (6 km) downstream. However, older definitions, and many older maps, place its start at the confluence of the Etherow and Goyt; for example the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica states "It is formed by the junction of the Goyt and
780-463: The turnpike road (1731) that ran from Ashton-under-Lyne , Stalybridge , Mottram, Woodhead and Lady's Cross to Sheffield , to be woven on hand-looms in the dale. From 1782 to 1820, water-powered cotton mills were built along many brooks feeding the Etherow, including six on the Glossop side of the river. With the adoption of steam to power the ever-larger mills, built closer to the coal fields,
819-554: The 1,000 feet (300 m)-1,500 feet (460 m) level) on both sides of the valley. It is about 17 miles (27 km) long and is 'not recommended in doubtful weather'. The detailed route, clockwise from Crowden Youth Hostel, is given in Peak District Walking Guide No.2 , published by the Peak Park Planning Board. Torside Reservoir is home to Glossop & District Sailing Club and Etherow Country Park
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#1732852007213858-937: The Etherow a short distance below Marple in Cheshire on the first-named stream." John Stockdale's map published on 12 April 1794 shows the Mersey River extending to at least Mottram , and forming the boundary between Cheshire and Derbyshire . The upper reaches of the River Etherow pass through peat moorland , inhabited by red foxes , voles and an introduced population of mountain hare . Red grouse , ring ouzel , wheatear and golden plover may be seen. Kestrels , merlins and short-eared owls nest here. The reservoirs attract mallards , and also teal , pochard , common sandpipers , black-headed gulls and Canada geese . The woodlands are home to redstart , great spotted woodpecker , and spotted flycatcher . Water rail have been recorded at Etherow Country Park. Longdendale
897-630: The M67 motorway from Manchester to the M1 motorway in South Yorkshire . The road is single-carriageway through Mottram, Hollingworth and Tintwistle and through the Peak District National Park , it is used by large numbers of heavy goods vehicles . It is one of the most congested A-road routes in the country, with high volumes of traffic (including HGVs) using a road which is totally unsuitable for
936-548: The Mossley municipal borough were transferred to the new parish. The rest of the area of Stayley civil parish was transferred to the new civil parish of Stalybridge. Hollingworth civil parish was incorporated as the new, single parish Hollingworth Urban District and the civil parish of Mottram itself became incorporated as the single parish Mottram Urban District. On 1 October 1923 Godley and Newton civil parishes were abolished and their areas became part of Hyde civil parish. Under
975-452: The Pennine anticline . The Variscan uplift has caused much faulting and Glossopdale was the product of glacial action in the last glaciation period that exploited the weakened rocks. The steep-sided valleys of the cloughs cause significant erosion and deposition . The layers of sandstone, mudstones and shale in the bedrock act as an aquifer to feed the springs. The valley bottoms have
1014-845: The Redhole Spring and Wike Head area of Pikenaze Moor in Derbyshire, the river broadens into the Longdendale Chain of reservoirs in the Peak District National Park . It emerges again in Tintwistle , Derbyshire, at the foot of Bottoms Reservoir dam and passes Melandra Castle in Gamesley , where it is joined by Glossop Brook. The Etherow enters the borough of Tameside at Hollingworth in Greater Manchester, passing into Stockport where it passes through Etherow Country Park . It flows into
1053-558: The early stages of industrialisation , and there were significant cotton spinning mills in Wedneshough Green and the Treacle Street areas of Mottram Moor, and printing and dyeing works on the Etherow at Broadbottom which until recently was part of the parish. The smaller early mills in Mottram became uneconomic and harder to run. Stalling industrialisation led to social conflict and hunger during 1812 Luddite riots that led to
1092-446: The first scheme of its type in the world. Three reservoirs were built on the Etherow to impound drinking water, with another two to provide compensation water for the mills downstream. The name Etherow could be of Brittonic Celtic origin and derived from the ancient term *ador , meaning "watercourse, channel". The settlement-name Tintwistle , however, implies that Etherow may be an Old English replacement for an earlier name of
1131-580: The junction with the A628 trunk road . It is 10 miles (16 km) east of Manchester , on land between 150m to 250m above mean sea level. The geology is mainly boulder clay above millstone grit , but there are small outcrops of coal at the edge of the Lancashire Coalfield . To the south and east of Mottram is the River Etherow and to the west is the Hurstclough Brook. The A628 trunk road connects
1170-743: The lower reservoirs (Valehouse and Bottoms) are used as compensation reservoirs to maintain the downstream flow of the river. There was originally a seventh – Hollingworth Reservoir – which was abandoned in 1990, and has become part of the Swallows Wood nature reserve. Water flowed by gravity through the Mottram Tunnel to the Godley covered reservoir where it drops to the service reservoirs at Denton , Audenshaw , Gorton and Prestwich . The reservoirs are listed from upstream to downstream i.e. from east to west: Quayle, Tom (2006). Manchester's water:
1209-501: The new Longendale CP. Hyde CP gained 722 acres (2.92 km ) of Hattersley and 307 acres (1.24 km ) of Matley. Longendale CP gained a total of 375 acres (1.52 km ) from Hattersley and Matley. Stalybridge CP gained 58 acres (230,000 m ) of Matley. In 1931 the parish had a population of 2636. Mottram occupies an elevated site straddling the A57 trunk road from the end of the M67 to
Longdendale Chain - Misplaced Pages Continue
1248-681: The reservoirs in the hills . Stroud: Tempus. ISBN 0-7524-3198-6 . Mansergh, James (1878). The Thirlmere water scheme of the Manchester Corporation ;: with a few remarks on the Longdendale Works, and water-supply generally . London: Spon. - popularising lecture, with copious plans & elevations (of Longendale chain as well as Thirlmere scheme) 53°29′34″N 1°51′51″W / 53.4927°N 1.8642°W / 53.4927; -1.8642 River Etherow The River Etherow in northern England
1287-405: The river assumed a new role as a source of water for Manchester and Salford . In 1844 John Frederick Bateman advised Manchester Corporation that the River Etherow, which rose at the highest point of the Pennine chain, could provide water, collected in purpose-built reservoirs, "nearly as pure as if it comes from the heavens." This led to the construction of the Longdendale Chain of reservoirs,
1326-469: The smashing of labour-reducing machines. The Luddites secretly drilled on Wedneshough Green. In 1842 local Chartists met on the green, and planned the closure of Stalybridge factories in the Plug Riots . By 1860 the population had peaked. The 1844 railway passed through the valley with stops at Hattersley and Broadbottom in the parish but not at the Mottram township. A Polish pilot, Josef Gawkowski,
1365-521: The time of Domesday (1086) the river was firmly established as the boundary between Cheshire and Derbyshire, but the name Edrow or Etherow applied to this upper reach of the Mersey cannot be dated earlier than c .1772. A packhorse route (known as a saltway) was maintained from the Middle Ages onwards to allow the export of salt from the Cheshire towns of Nantwich , Northwich and Middlewich across
1404-602: The village. In 2010, vandals destroyed the church's windows which led to cork boards being used as replacements. Mottram Old Hall is a country house in Old Hall Lane which dates to 1727 and was once occupied by the Hollingworth family. Mottram Cricket Club plays in the Greater Manchester Cricket League. The club was founded in 1860. Famous former residents also include Kathy Staff (aka Nora Batty from
1443-590: The volume and nature of traffic it carries The A628 through Mottram carries traffic from the A57 road linking Manchester through Glossop to Sheffield over the Snake Pass, another major Trans-Pennine route. Congestion at peak times backs up through Glossop and Hadfield rendering local journeys impossible. To solve these problems the Longdendale Bypass was approved in December 2014, but has not yet been started. There
1482-535: Was 9,950. Historically part of Cheshire , it lies in the valley of Longdendale , on the border with Derbyshire and the Peak District near Broadbottom and Hattersley . Mottram in Longdendale parish was one of the eight ancient parishes of the Macclesfield hundred of Cheshire . The larger Mottram parish was incorporated into Longdendale in 1936, remaining part of Cheshire, then incorporated into Tameside by
1521-589: Was killed on 19 July 1942 when his aircraft crashed near Mottram on a training flight from RAF Newton in Nottinghamshire . A memorial plaque commemorating him is in Mottram Cemetery. Mottram was one of the eight ancient parishes of the Macclesfield hundred of Cheshire , England. Centred on St Michael and All Angels Church it included the townships of Godley , Hattersley , Hollingworth , Matley , Newton , Stayley, Tintwistle and Mottram itself. Under
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