90-449: Vishrambaag Wada , a fine mansion situated at central Pune 's Thorale Bajirao Road, was the luxurious residence of Peshwa Baji Rao II , the last Peshwa of Maratha confederacy , in early 19th century. The 20,000 sq.ft. wada presently houses a post office on its ground floor, a few other offices of the municipal corporation and a small museum of Maratha artifacts put together by noted Maratha historian, Babasaheb Purandare . This structure
180-711: A civil war broke out which was eventually won by his sister, Chand Bibi . She ascended the throne as regent for the new infant sultan and her grand-nephew, Bahadur Nizam Shah , then repelled an invasion by the Mughal Empire with reinforcements from the Bijapur and Golconda Sultanates . After the death of Chand Bibi in July 1600, Ahmadnagar was conquered by the Mughals and the Sultan was imprisoned. Despite Ahmadnagar city being incorporated into
270-584: A constant process of industrial land acquisition and the creation of required support infrastructure. Since then, there has been a massive influx of several European companies who continue to be keen on setting up manufacturing facilities in the city. The city serves as headquarters to many companies. Major industrial areas around Pune are Chakan , Chinchwad , Bhosari , Pirangut , Hinjawadi , Talegaon , Talawade , Urse . The Independent referred Chakan as India's "Motor City". The Kirloskar Group , one of India's largest manufacturers and exporters of pumps and
360-574: A few years of its construction. It was modelled along the great cities of the Persianate world, given the Shi'i leanings of the dynasty. A number of palaces such as the Farah Bakhsh Bagh, Ahmadnagar Fort, Hasht Bihisht Bagh, and Manjarsumbah are in and around Ahmadnagar city. There exist tombs of nobles like Salabat Khan and Changiz Khan, and also of saints like Shah Sharif and Bava Bangali. Malik Ambar
450-571: A majority(80) were Deshastha Brahmins , 46 were Chitpawan , 15 were Chandraseniya Kayastha Prabhu ( CKP ) whereas Karhade Brahmin and Saraswat accounted for 11 families each. The Third Anglo-Maratha War broke out between the Marathas and the British East India Company in 1817. The Peshwas were defeated at the Battle of Khadki (then spelled Kirkee) on 5 November near Pune and
540-713: A modern metropolis. The Poona Municipal Council was reorganised to form the Pune Municipal Corporation (PMC) in 1950. The education sector in the city continued its growth in the post-independence era with the establishment of the University of Pune (now, Savitribai Phule Pune University ) in 1949, the National Chemical Laboratory in 1950 and the National Defence Academy in 1955. The establishment of Hindustan Antibiotics in 1954 marked
630-565: A new city called Khadki (later Aurangabad ). After the death of Malik Ambar in May 1626, his son Fath Khan surrendered to the Mughals in the siege of Daulatabad in 1633 and handed over the young Nizam Shahi ruler Hussain Shah, who was sent as a prisoner to the fort of Gwalior. But soon, Shahaji , with the assistance of Bijapur, placed an infant scion of the Nizam Shahi dynasty, Murtaza Nizam Shah III on
720-406: A number of private hospitals such as Ranka Hospital, Sahyadri , Jahangir Nursing Home, Deenanath Mangeshkar Hospital, Sancheti Hospital, Aditya Birla Memorial Hospital , KEM Hospital , Ruby Hall , Naidu Hospital and Smile Inn Dental Clinic Pune. Pune is a well known manufacturing and industrial center of India. With an estimated nominal GDP of Rs. 3,31,478 crores for year 2019–20, Pune District
810-442: A number of years to ascertain accurately the average yield of lands. He abolished the revenue farming. At first, revenue was fixed as two-fifths of the actual produce in kind, but later the cultivators were allowed to pay in cash equivalent to approximately one-third of the yield. Although an average rent was fixed for each plot of land but actual collections depended on the conditions of crops and they varied from year to year. Under
900-695: A pension to Bithur near Kanpur . His wife, Varanasibai, continued to stay here for a while before joining him in Bithur. Soon the British took over Pune . In 1821, the new East India Company rulers of Pune started the Hindoo college in the Wada to continue Sanskrit learning in the city. The college was the forerunner of the Poona college which later became Deccan College . A high school called Vishrambag High School also operated out of
990-529: A result, the city saw a huge influx of people due to opportunities offered by the manufacturing, and lately, the software industries. The breach in the Panshet dam and the resulting flood of 1961 led to severe damage and the destruction of housing close to the river banks. The mishap spurred the development of new suburbs and housing complexes. To integrate urban planning, the Pune Metropolitan Region
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#17328586096331080-478: Is 100 km (62 mi) north of the seismically active zone around Koyna Dam . The India Meteorological Department has assessed this area as being in Zone 3 , on a scale of 2 to 5, with 5 being the most prone to earthquakes. Pune has experienced some moderate – and many low – intensity earthquakes in its history. The city has a population of 3,124,458; while 5,057,709 people reside in
1170-403: Is May. The city often has heavy dusty winds in May, with humidity remaining high. Even during the hottest months, the nights are usually cool due to Pune's high altitude. The highest temperature recorded was 43.3 °C (109.9 °F) on 30 April 1897. The monsoon lasts from June to October, with moderate rainfall and temperatures ranging from 22 to 28 °C (72 to 82 °F). Most of
1260-593: Is also home to the world's largest vaccine manufacturer, Serum Institute of India . Pune is situated at approximately 18° 32" north latitude and 73° 51" east longitude. The city's total area is 15.642 km , and the municipal corporation area covers 518 km . By road Pune is 149 km (93 mi) south-east of Mumbai , 580 km (360 mi) south-west of Indore , 695 km (432 mi) west of Nagpur , 1,173 km (729 mi) south of Delhi , 734 km (456 mi) north of Bangalore , 562 km (349 mi) north-west of Hyderabad . Pune lies on
1350-652: Is also one of the most important automobile and manufacturing hubs of India. Pune is often referred to as the "Oxford of the East" because of its educational institutions . It has been ranked "the most liveable city in India" several times. Pune at different points in time has been ruled by the Rashtrakuta dynasty , Ahmadnagar Sultanate , the Mughals , and the Adil Shahi dynasty . In
1440-697: Is credited with the construction of the Janjira Fort in the Murud Area of present-day Maharashtra India. After its construction in 1567 AD, the fort was key to the Sidis withstanding various invasion attempts by the Marathas, Mughals, and Portuguese to capture Janjira. Farah Bagh (also called as Faria Bagh ) is situated in Ahmednagar , Maharashtra . It is a palace build by Nizam Shahi rulers in Ahmednagar. Farah Bagh
1530-534: Is famous for its fine entrance and the balcony with carved woodwork. Vishrambaug Wada was built in 1807 AD at the price of Rs 200,000. It took six years to complete the construction. Baji Rao II preferred this residence to the ill-fated Shaniwar Wada , the citadel of the Peshwas. Baji Rao II stayed here for eleven years until his defeat in the Third Anglo-Maratha War . After the war the British exiled him with
1620-510: Is the official and most-spoken language. Pune, being the cultural capital of Maharashtra, is a centre for Marathi literature and its dialect forms the basis for the written standard of Marathi. As a destination for migrants throughout India, Hindi is also widely-spoken, as is Dakhni Urdu by the Muslim community. Gujarati and Marwari are spoken by the business community. Pune Municipal Corporation and Pimpri-Chinchwad Municipal Corporation are
1710-666: Is the seat of the bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Poona . Pune has Jain temples dating back to the Peshwa era. At present, there are more than one hundred Jain temples in PMR with the one at Katraj being the largest. Pune has over 20 Gurdwaras, with Gurdwara Guru Nanak Darbar in Pune Camp and Gurdwara Shri Guru Singh Sabha in Ganesh Peth being the ones situated in the heart of
1800-566: Is the third largest contributor to the economy of Maharashtra, after Mumbai and Thane. Pune has the fifth largest metropolitan economy and the sixth highest per capita income in the country. As per the Directorate of Economics and Statistics (Government of Maharashtra), the GDP per capita of Pune District in 2019–20 was Rs. 3,16,848. In 2014–15, the manufacturing sector provided employment to over 500,000 people. The formation of MIDC in 1962 resulted in
1890-512: The Paduka (symbolic sandals) of these saints are carried in a pilgrimage , the Pandharpur Vari , to meet Vithoba. The procession makes a stopover in the city on its way to Pandharpur attracting hundreds of thousands of Varkaris and devotees. Other important Hindu pilgrimage sites in PMR or the district include Jejuri , and five of Ashtavinayak Ganesh temples. The Shrutisagar Ashram houses
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#17328586096331980-553: The Deccan plateau in Western India . It is the administrative headquarters of the Pune district , and of Pune division . According to the 2011 Census of India , Pune has 7.2 million residents in the metropolitan region , making it the seventh-most populous metropolitan area in India . The city of Pune is part of Pune Metropolitan Region . Pune is one of the largest IT hubs in India . It
2070-512: The Kasba Ganapati temple. The Ganesha idol consecrated at this temple has been regarded as the presiding deity ( Gramadevata ) of the city. Pune changed hands between the Mughals and the Marathas many times during the rest of the 1600s.Recognizing the military potential of Pune, the Mughal general Shaista Khan and later, the emperor Aurangzeb further developed the areas around the town. Pune
2160-860: The Maratha empire era under the Maratha and Peshwa rule of the city in the 18th century, before the arrival of the British . Pune is home to many distinctive peths, or place names, for various neighbourhoods. The majority of them bore the names of their founders and days of the week. Pune has a tropical wet and dry ( Köppen Aw ) climate, closely bordering upon a hot semi-arid climate (Köppen BSh ) with average temperatures ranging between 20 and 28 °C (68 and 82 °F). Pune experiences three seasons: summer, monsoon , and winter. Typical summer months are from mid-March to mid-June, with maximum temperatures sometimes reaching 42 °C (108 °F). The warmest month in Pune
2250-472: The PMC , six townships with up to 15,000 housing units existed in Pune in 2012 and 25 more were in the planning process. The Mercer 2017 Quality of Living Rankings evaluated living conditions in more than 440 cities around the world and ranked Pune at 145, second highest in India after Hyderabad at 144. The same source highlights Pune as being among evolving business centres and as one of nine emerging cities around
2340-674: The 18th century, the city was part of the Maratha Empire , and the seat of the Peshwas , the prime ministers of the Maratha Empire. Pune was seized by the British East India Company in the Third Anglo-Maratha War ; it gained municipal status in 1858, the year in which Crown rule began. Many historical landmarks like Shaniwarwada , Shinde Chhatri , and Vishrambaug Wada date to this era. Historical sites from different eras dot
2430-491: The 1970s and 1980s. The Osho International Meditation Resort , one of the world's largest spiritual centres, is located in Koregaon Park and attracts visitors from over a hundred countries. The meditation resort organises music and meditation festival every year during monsoon, known as Osho Monsoon Festival . Number of well known artists around the world participates in the event. Languages of Pune M Corp (2011) Marathi
2520-594: The 722 mm (28.43 in) of annual rainfall in the city falls between June and September, and July is the wettest month of the year. Hailstorms are not unheard of. For most of December and January the daytime temperature hovers around 29 °C (84.2 °F) while overnight temperatures are below 12 °C (53.6 °F). On 11 May 2023, Koregaon Park recorded a temperature of 44.4 °C (112 °F) Pune has been ranked 23rd best “National Clean Air City” (under Category 1 >10L Population cities) in India according to 'Swachh Vayu Survekshan 2024 Results' Pune
2610-465: The 9th century an agricultural settlement known as Punnaka existed at the location of the modern Pune. The plates indicate that this region was ruled by the Rashtrakuta dynasty . The Pataleshwar rock-cut temple complex was built during this era. Pune was part of the territory ruled by the Seuna Yadavas of Devagiri from the 9th century to 1327. Pune was under control of various Muslim sultanates until
2700-502: The British, and numerous suburbs . There are several Peths in usual localities of the Pune city. The industrial growth in the Pimpri , Chinchwad , Akurdi , Nigdi and nearby areas allowed these areas to incorporate a new governing municipal corporation. The Pune Metropolitan Region (PMR), initially defined in 1967, has grown to 7,256 km made up of the ten talukas of the Pune district . The areas of PMC and PCMC along with
2790-554: The German Bakery in the upmarket Koregaon Park neighbourhood in eastern Pune, killing 17 and injuring 60. Evidence suggested that the Indian Mujahideen terrorist group carried out the attack. Pune has evolved greatly since Indian Independence, from notable universities, colleges and management schools, earning it the nickname of the 'Oxford Of The East', to being one of the most important automobile manufacturing hub. Pune
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2880-533: The Mughal Empire, much of the former kingdom still remained in the possession of influential officials of the Nizam Shahi dynasty. Malik Ambar and other Ahmadnagar officials defied the Mughals and declared Murtaza Nizam Shah II as sultan in 1600 at a new capital in Paranda . Malik Ambar became prime minister and vekīl-us-saltanat of Ahmadnagar. Later, the capital was shifted, first to Junnar and Ausa and then to
2970-461: The Mula-Mutha river into a dead river. The Pune municipal corporation has undertaken plans to restore life into the rivers. PMC is also responsible for collecting solid waste. Around 1,600 tons of solid waste is generated in Pune each day. The waste consists of 53% organic, compostable material; and 47% inorganic material, of which around half is recyclable. The unrecovered solid waste is transported to
3060-521: The PMC elected in February 2017 has 162 corporators representing 41 multi-member wards (39 with 4 corporators each and 2 with 3 each). The general body, in turn, elects the mayor and the deputy mayor. The mayor has a ceremonial role as the first citizen and ambassador of the city while the actual executive power lies with the municipal commissioner. For policy deliberations, corporators form several committees. Perhaps
3150-486: The PMR is provided by private and public facilities. Primary care is provided by practitioners of Allopathic medicine as well as traditional and alternative medicine (i.e. Ayurved , Homeopathy and Unani ). For minor and chronic ailments, people in the region often rely on practitioners of traditional medicine. The PMR is served by three government hospitals: Sassoon Hospital , Budhrani and Dr Ambedkar Hospital. There are also
3240-485: The Pune Urban Agglomeration as of the 2011 census . The latter was c. 4,485,000 in 2005. According to the Pune Municipal Corporation (PMC), 40% of the population lived in slums in 2001. Since Pune is a major industrial metropolis, it has attracted migrants from all parts of India. The number of people migrating to Pune rose from 43,900 in 2001 to 88,200 in 2005. The sharp increase in population during
3330-533: The Rashtrakuta dynasty, the city was referred to as Punnaka and Punyapur. The copper plates of 758 and 768 CE show that the Yadava dynasty had renamed the city Punakavishaya and Punya Vishaya. 'Vishaya' means land, and 'Punaka' and 'Punya' mean holy. The city was known as Kasbe Pune when under the command of Maratha king Shivaji 's father, Shahaji . Mughal emperor Aurangzeb renamed a small neighbourhood in central part of
3420-438: The Sultan and his forces, successfully defeating a much larger army led by Sheikh Muaddi Arab in a night attack, an army of 18,000 led by Azmut-ul-Dabir and an army led by Bahmani general Jahangir Khan. On 28 May 1490, Ahmad declared independence and established the Nizam Shahi dynasty's rule over a de facto independent Sultanate. Initially his capital was in the town of Junnar with its fort, later renamed Shivneri . In 1494,
3510-504: The Sultanate as a result of mismanaged factional relations, Murtaza was murdered by his son Miran Hussain in 1588, who succeeded him and ascended the throne. His reign could however last only a little more than ten months as he was imprisoned. Ismail, a cousin of Miran Hussain was raised to the throne, but actual power was in the hands of Jamal Khan, the leader of the Habshi group in the court. He
3600-550: The Sultanates laden with insulting gestures. In response, four of the five Deccan Muslim sultans—namely Hussain Nizam Shah I and Ali Adil Shah I of Ahmadnagar and Bijapur to the west, Ali Barid Shah I of Bidar in the center, and Ibrahim Quli Qutb Shah Wali of Golconda to the east—united in the wake of shrewd marital diplomacy and convened to attack Rama Raya in late January 1565 at Talikota . Hussain
3690-696: The Vedanta Research Centre and a unique temple of Dakshinamurthy . Prominent mosques include Roshan Masjid, Chand Tara Masjid, Jama Masjid, and Azam Campus Masjid, Manusha Masjid. Chand Tara Masjid, located in Nana Peth , is one of the biggest and most important mosques in Pune as it is the city headquarters ( markaz ) for the Tablighi Jamaat . Pune is also the birthplace of Meher Baba , although his followers usually travel to Meherabad to visit his tomb. Hazrat Babajan , identified by Meher Baba as one of
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3780-459: The area that supply water to the city and the greater metropolitan area. The city lacks the capacity to treat all the sewage it generates, which leads to the Mutha river containing only sewage outside the monsoon months. In 2009 only 65% of sewage generated was treated before being discharged into the rivers. According to Anwesha Borthakur and Pardeep Singh, unplanned and haphazard development has turned
3870-626: The beginning of industrial development in the Hadapsar , Bhosari , and Pimpri areas. MIDC provided the necessary infrastructure for new businesses to set up operations. In the 1970s, several engineering companies were set up in the city, allowing it to vie with Chennai . In the 1990s, Pune began to attract foreign capital, particularly in the information technology and engineering industries. IT parks were established in Aundh , Viman Nagar , Hinjawadi , Wagholi , Kharadi and Balewadi - Baner region. As
3960-462: The city was a centre of agitation led by Gopal Krishna Gokhale and Bal Gangadhar Tilak . The city was also a centre for social reform led by Gopal Ganesh Agarkar , Mahatma Jyotirao Phule , feminist Tarabai Shinde , Dhondo Keshav Karve and Pandita Ramabai . They demanded the abolition of caste prejudice, equal rights for women, harmony between the Hindu and Muslim communities, and better schools for
4050-605: The city was seized by the British. It was placed under the administration of the Bombay Presidency and the British built a large military cantonment to the east of the city (now used by the Indian Army ).The old city and the cantonment areas followed different patterns of development, with the latter being developed more on European lines to cater for the needs of the British military class. The old city had narrow lanes and areas segregated by caste and religion. The settlement of
4140-628: The city, including the Lakdi Pul and the temples on Parvati Hill and many Maruti , Vithoba , Vishnu , Mahadeo , Rama , Krishna , and Ganesh temples. The building of temples led to religion being responsible for about 15% of the city's economy during this period. Pune prospered as a city during the reign of Nanasaheb Peshwa. He developed Saras Baug , Heera Baug, Parvati Hill and new commercial, trading , and residential localities. Sadashiv Peth , Narayan Peth , Rasta Peth and Nana Peth were developed. The Peshwa's influence in India declined after
4230-526: The city. Pune has historically been a major cultural centre, with important figures like Dnyaneshwar , Shivaji , Tukaram , Baji Rao I , Balaji Baji Rao , Madhavrao I , Nana Fadnavis , Mahadev Govind Ranade , Gopal Krishna Gokhale , Mahatma Jyotirao Phule , Savitribai Phule , Gopal Ganesh Agarkar , Tarabai Shinde , Dhondo Keshav Karve , and Pandita Ramabai doing their life's work in Pune City or in an area that falls in Pune Metropolitan Region . Pune
4320-469: The city. As agriculture has dwindled in recent decades, immigration of the erstwhile rural peoples now accounts for 70 per cent of the population growth. The average literacy rate of Pune was 86.15% in 2011 compared to 80.45% in 2001. Hinduism is the major religion, practised by a little under 80% of people in Pune. Other religions with a significant presence include Islam , Buddhism , Jainism , Christianity , Sikhism and Zoroastrianism . Of
4410-455: The city. The 19th-century Ohel David Synagogue , known locally as Lal Deval, is said to be one of the largest synagogues in Asia outside Israel. The Sir Jamsetjee Jejeebhoy Agiary is a prominent Zoroastrian temple. Pune has been associated with several significant recent spiritual teachers. The controversial Guru Osho , formerly the self-styled Bhagwan Rajneesh, lived and taught in Pune for much of
4500-607: The civic bodies responsible for local government . It comprises two branches, the executive branch headed by the Municipal Commissioner, an IAS officer appointed by the Government of Maharashtra , and an elected deliberative branch, the general body, headed by the Mayor of Pune . Municipal elections are held every five years to elect councillors, commonly known as "corporators", who form the general body. The current general body of
4590-499: The confluence of the Mula and Mutha rivers. The Pavana , a tributary of Mula river and Indrayani river , a tributary of the Bhima river , traverse the northwest Neighbourhoods of Pune. The modern city of Pune has many distinct neighbourhoods . These include the numerous peths of the old city on the eastern bank of the Mutha river, the cantonment areas of Khadki and Camp established by
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#17328586096334680-432: The death of sultan Ali Adil Shah I earlier that year. In 1586, Ahmadnagar faced an invasion by Akbar of the Mughal Empire ; Mughal forces approached the capital, but were dispelled, choosing to withdraw to the recently-annexed Ellichpur , whereupon the city was sacked and razed. The Mughals were then fully expelled from Ahmadnagar territory, the invasion ultimately ending in Mughal humiliation. Amid falling stability in
4770-526: The decade 1991–2001 led to the absorption of 38 fringe villages into the city. The top five source areas of migrants are Karnataka , Uttar Pradesh , Andhra Pradesh , Gujarat , and Rajasthan . The Sindhis in the city are mostly refugees and their descendants, who came to the area after the partition of India in 1947. Initially they settled in the Pimpri area, which is still home to a large number of Sindhi people . However, they are also present in other parts of
4860-607: The defeat of Maratha forces at the Battle of Panipat but Pune remained the seat of power. In 1802 Pune was captured by Yashwantrao Holkar in the Battle of Poona , directly precipitating the Second Anglo-Maratha War of 1803–1805. The Peshwa rule ended with the defeat of Peshwa Bajirao II by the British East India Company in 1818. Historian Govind Sakharam Sardesai lists 163 prominent families that held high ranks and played significant roles in politics, military, and finance in 18th century Pune. Of these 163 families,
4950-455: The dumping grounds in Urali devachi. The state owned Maharashtra State Electricity Distribution Company Limited supplies electricity to the city. Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited (BSNL), owned by the central government , as well as private enterprises such as Reliance Jio , Bharti Airtel and Vodafone Idea are the leading telephone and cell phone service providers in the city. Healthcare in
5040-516: The five perfect masters , has a shrine ( Dargah ) erected in her honour under a neem tree in Pune Camp . Pune has a distinct Christian community comprising Roman Catholic , Pentecostals , CNI , Methodist , Presbyterians , Christian Missionaries helped in setting up schools and colleges all over and also spread the message of faith. The city has several churches dedicated to different Christian denominations such as St. Anthony's Shrine and Dapodi Church. St. Patrick's Cathedral built in 1850
5130-449: The foundation was laid for the new capital Ahmadnagar . After several attempts, he secured the great fortress of Daulatabad in 1499. After the death of Malik Ahmad in 1510, his son Burhan Nizam Shah I , a boy of seven, was installed on the throne. In the initial days of his reign, the control of the kingdom was in the hands of Mukammal Khan, an Ahmadnagar official and his son. Burhan converted to Nizari Isma'ili Shi'a Islam under
5220-588: The guardian deities of the city. Dagadusheth Halwai Ganapati Temple is the richest Ganesh temple in Pune. Pune district has two of the most important pilgrimage centres of the Varkari sect of the Bhakti movement in Maharashtra, namely Alandi where the samadhi of 13th century Saint Dnyaneshwar is located and Dehu where the 17th century Saint Tukaram lived. Every year in the Hindu month of Ashadh (June/July),
5310-488: The largest infrastructure pumping project contractor in Asia, is headquartered in Pune. Kalyani Group headquartered in Pune owns Bharat Forge which operates world's largest single location forging facility consisting of fully automated forging press lines and state-of-the-art machining facility in Pune. Bajaj Auto , headquartered in Pune, is ranked as the world's fourth largest two and three wheeler manufacturer. Ahmadnagar Sultanate The Sultanate of Ahmednagar
5400-410: The late 1600s. Pune was part of the Jagir (fiefdom) granted by the Nizamshahi (Ahmadnagar Sultanate) to Maloji Bhosale in 1599. Maloji Bhosale passed on Jagir of Pune to his son Shahaji Bhosale . The town was destroyed by Murar Jagdeo, a general from the rival Adil Shahi dynasty in 1636.Soon Shahaji himself joined Adilshahi and got his Pune jagir back.At that time he selected the town for
5490-508: The law enforcement agency for the city of Pune. It is a division of the Maharashtra Police and is headed by the Police Commissioner , an officer of the Indian Police Service . The Pune Police Department reports to the State Ministry of Home Affairs. A separate police commissionerate was announced for PCMC, Pune in April 2018 to be carved out of the historic Pune Police Department. The new commissionerate took charge on 15 August 2018. Pune Metropolitan Region Development Authority (PMRDA)
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#17328586096335580-431: The many Hindu temples in the city, the Parvati temple complex on Parvati Hill and at least 250 others date back to the 18th century. These temples were commissioned by the Peshwas , who ruled the city at the time, and are dedicated to various deities including Maruti , Vithoba , Vishnu , Mahadeo , Rama , Krishna and Ganesh . The historic temples of Kasba Ganapati , the Tambadi (Red) Jogeshwari are considered
5670-401: The most important of these is the 16-member Standing Committee, half of whose members retire every year. The Standing Committee and the 15 ward committees are in charge of financial approvals. PMC was ranked 8th out of 21 Indian cities for best governance and administrative practices in 2014. It scored 3.5 out of 10 compared to the national average of 3.3. The Pune City Police Department is
5760-564: The old city as Muhiyabad (the only divergent naming) some time between 1703 and 1705 in memory of his great-grandson Muhi-ul-Milan, who died there. The name Muhiyabad was reverted soon after Aurangzeb's death. Anglicized to Poona in 1857 by the English during British rule, the city's name was changed to Pune in 1978. [REDACTED] Maratha Empire 1674–1818 [REDACTED] Bombay Presidency 1818–1947 [REDACTED] Bombay State 1947–1960 [REDACTED] Maharashtra 1960–Present Copper plates dated 858 and 868 CE show that by
5850-425: The palace. In 1871, an act of arson entirely destroyed the eastern wing of the wada. In 1930, the then Poona municipality bought the property from the colonial Bombay Presidency government for a sum of Rs 100,000. Until 1959, Municipality and its successor, the Pune Municipal Corporation (PMC) operated out of Vishrambaag Wada. Several PMC department offices were based in the wada until 2003. The PMC has undertaken
5940-452: The poor. Mahatma Gandhi was imprisoned at the Yerwada Central Jail several times and placed under house arrest at the Aga Khan Palace between 1942 and 1944, where both his wife Kasturba Gandhi and aide Mahadev Desai died. Savarkar used to study in Fergusson College and performed the "Holi" of foreign items near Mutha river bank . After Indian independence from the British in 1947, Pune saw enormous growth, transforming it into
6030-452: The regiments of the 17 Poona Horse cavalry, the Lancashire Fusiliers , the Maratha Light Infantry , and others, led to an increase in the population. Due to its milder weather, the city became the "Monsoon capital" of the Governor of Bombay, thus making it one of the most important cities of the Bombay Presidency . The Southern Command of the Indian Army , established in 1895, is headquartered in Pune cantonment . The city of Pune
6120-512: The reigns of successive rulers of the dynasty, architecture and art flourished in the kingdom. The earliest extant school of painting in the Deccan sultanates is from Ahmadnagar. Several palaces, such as the Farah Bakhsh Bagh, the Hasht Bihisht Bagh, Lakkad Mahal were built, as were tombs, mosques and other buildings. Many forts of the Deccan, such as the fort of Junnar (later renamed Shivneri ), Paranda , Ausa , Dharur , Lohagad , etc. were greatly improved under their reign. Daulatabad, which
6210-401: The residence of his wife Jijabai , and young son Shivaji, the future founder of the Maratha empire. Shahaji appointed Dadoji Konddeo to help Jijabai in the administration of Jagir and in the reconstruction of the town.The Lal Mahal residence of Jiajabai and Shivaji was completed in 1640 AD. Shivaji spent his young years at the Lal Mahal. Jijabai is said to have commissioned the building of
6300-437: The restoration work of Vishrambaag Wada under the Heritage Corridor Plan . The conservation is set to be carried out in three phases, starting with the double storeyed mansion where the Peshwa is said to have lived with a battery of 6,000 servants. According to PMC's heritage cell chief Shyam Dhavale, the original bricks wada, are specially being recreated. And so are some of the windows, wooden pillars and motifs. Red tiles on
6390-421: The sloping roof and the courtyard—a typical feature of Maratha architecture—will be retained. As of 2004, ₹ 2,500,000 (US$ 30,000) have been spent on the restoration work. Pune Pune ( / ˈ p uː n ə / POO -nə , Marathi: [ˈpuɳe] , ISO : Puṇē ), previously spelled in English as Poona ( the official name until 1978 ), is a city in the state of Maharashtra in
6480-594: The slums are on mixed ownership land. The living conditions in slums varies considerably, depending on their status (formal/informal) and in how far non-governmental organisations (NGOs), community organisations (CBOs) and government agencies are involved and committed to improving local living conditions. Since the 1990s a number of landmark integrated townships and gated communities have been developed in Pune such as Magarpatta , Nanded city , Amanora , Blue Ridge , Life Republic and Lavasa . They also offer business opportunities and access to infrastructure. According to
6570-523: The three cantonment areas of Camp, Khadki, and Dehu Road form the urban core of the PMR, which also includes seven municipal councils and 842 villages. Rapid industrialisation since the 1960s has led to large influx of people into the city. Housing supply has not kept pace with demand, causing the number of slum dwellings to increase. Approximately 36% of the population lives in 486 slum areas. Of these, 45% slum households do not have in-house toilet facilities and 10% do not have electricity. One third of
6660-566: The throne and he became the regent. In 1636, Aurangzeb , then Mughal viceroy of Deccan, finally defeated Shahaji and partitioned the sultanate between the Mughal Empire and the Sultanate of Bijapur . The revenue system introduced by Malik Ambar was based on the revenue system introduced in Northern India and some parts of Gujarat and Khandesh subahs by Raja Todarmal . Lands were classified as good or bad according to their fertility and he took
6750-492: The tutelage of Shah Tahir , a refugee from Persia and court official who was head of the largest branch of Nizari Shi'ism at that time. Burhan died in Ahmadnagar in 1553. He left six sons, of whom Hussain Nizam Shah I succeeded him. Beginning in the 1560s, the de facto ruler of nearby Vijayanagara Empire , Rama Raya , made a series of aggressive efforts to maintain hold over Kalyan and conducted diplomatic dealings with
6840-507: The western margin of the Deccan plateau , at an altitude of 560 m (1,840 ft) above sea level. It is on the leeward side of the Sahyadri mountain range, which forms a barrier from the Arabian Sea . It is a hilly city, with Vetal Hill rising to 800 m (2,600 ft) above sea level. The Sinhagad fort is at an altitude of 1,300 metres (4,300 feet). The old city of Pune is at
6930-543: The world with the citation "Hosts IT and automotive companies". The 2017 Annual Survey of India's City-Systems (ASICS) report, released by the Janaagraha Centre for Citizenship and Democracy, adjudged Pune as the best governed of 23 major cities. Peth is a general term in the Marathi language for a locality in Pune. Seventeen peths are located in Pune, which today constitute the old city of Pune. Most were established during
7020-622: Was a late medieval Indian Muslim kingdom located in the northwestern Deccan , between the sultanates of Gujarat and Bijapur , ruled by the Nizam Shahi dynasty . It was established when Malik Ahmed, the Bahmani governor of Junnar, after defeating the Bahmani army led by general Jahangir Khan on 28 May 1490, declared independence and established the Ahmadnagar Sultanate. Initially the capital
7110-494: Was a leading figurehead of the Deccan sultanates during the ensuing battle . Afterwards, Rama Raya was beheaded by Sultan Nizam Hussain himself. After the death of Hussain in 1565, his minor son Murtaza Nizam Shah I ascended the throne. During his minority, his mother Khanzada Humayun ruled as a regent for several years. Murtaza Shah annexed Berar in 1574, bringing the sultanate to its territorial zenith. Murtaza launched an unsuccessful campaign into Bijapur in 1580, following
7200-428: Was a major centre of resistance to British Raj, with people like Gopal Krishna Gokhale , Bal Gangadhar Tilak playing leading roles in struggle for Indian independence in their times. The earliest reference to Pune is an inscription on a Rashtrakuta Dynasty copper plate dated 937 CE, which refers to the town as Punya-Vishaya, meaning 'sacred news'. By the 13th century, it had come to be known as Punawadi. During
7290-522: Was appointed Peshwa (prime minister) of the Maratha Empire by Shahu I , the fifth Chhatrapati of the Maratha Empire . As the Peshwa, Bajirao moved his base from Saswad to Pune in 1728, marking the beginning of the transformation of what was a kasbah into a city. He also commissioned the construction of the Shaniwar Wada on the high grounds of right bank of the Mutha River . The construction
7380-506: Was completed in 1730, ushering in the era of Peshwa control of the city. Bajirao's son and successor, Nanasaheb constructed a lake at Katraj on the outskirts of the city and an underground aqueduct to bring water from the lake to Shaniwar Wada and the city. The aqueduct was still in working order in 2004. The patronage of the Maratha Peshwas resulted in a great expansion of Pune, with the construction of around 250 temples and bridges in
7470-553: Was defined in 1967 covering the area under PMC, the Pimpri-Chinchwad Municipal Corporation , the three cantonments, and the surrounding villages. In 1998 work on the six-lane Mumbai-Pune expressway began; it was completed in 2001. In 2008, the Commonwealth Youth Games took place in Pune, which encouraged development in the northwest region of the city. On 13 February 2010, a bomb exploded at
7560-506: Was formed on 31 March 2015 and is responsible for the integrated development of the PMR. Currently its jurisdiction extends over 7,256.46 km (2,802 sq mi) and includes two municipal corporations , three cantonment boards, seven municipal councils, 13 census towns and 842 villages. The PMC supplies the city with potable water that is sourced from the Khadakwasla Reservoir. There are five other reservoirs in
7650-407: Was in the town of Junnar with its fort, later renamed Shivneri . In 1494, the foundation was laid for the new capital Ahmednagar . In 1636 Aurangzeb , then Mughal viceroy of Deccan, annexed the sultanate to the Mughal Empire . Malik Ahmad Nizam Shah I was the son of Nizam-ul-Mulk Malik Hasan Bahri , originally a Hindu Brahmin from Vijayanagar originally named Tima Bhat. Ahmed's father
7740-535: Was known as Poona during British rule. Poona Municipality was established in 1858. A railway line from Bombay to the city opened in 1858, run by the Great Indian Peninsula Railway (GIPR). Navi Peth , Ganj Peth (now renamed Mahatma Phule Peth ) were developed during the British Raj . Pune was prominently associated with the struggle for Indian independence . In the period between 1875 and 1910,
7830-473: Was made prime minister on the death of Mahmud Gawan and was made Malik Na'ib by Mahmood Shah Bahmani II . Soon after, he appointed Ahmed governor of Beed and other districts in the vicinity of Dowlutabad. After the death of his father, Ahmed assumed the titles of Nizam ul-Mulk Bahri from his father, the last signifying a falcon as Hasan had been falconer to the Sultan. Malik Ahmad the Bahmani governor of Junnar defended his province against incursions from
7920-462: Was occupied again by Marathas in June 1670, four months to the battle of Sinhagad and remained in the hands of Marathas. From 1703 to 1705, towards the end of the 27-year-long Mughal–Maratha Wars , the town was occupied by Mughal emperor Aurangzeb and its name was changed temporarily to Muhiyabad. This name was abandoned and reverted to its original name soon after Aurangzib's death. In 1720, Baji Rao I
8010-468: Was the leader of the Mahdawi movement , and aggressively propagated the faith while in power. Ismail Nizam Shah's unpopular reign proved short. Jamal Khan was killed in the battle of Rohankhed in 1591 and soon Ismail was also captured and confined by his father Burhan, who ascended the throne as Burhan Nizam Shah II . He outlawed Mahdawia and reinstated Shi'ism as the state religion. Following Burhan's death,
8100-590: Was their secondary capital, was also heavily fortified and constructed in their reign. Literature was heavily patronised in the kingdom, as seen through manuscripts such as the Tarif-i Husain Shah Badshah-i Dakan . Sanskrit scholarship was also given a boost under their rule, as demonstrated by the works of Sabaji Pratap and Bhanudatta. The city of Ahmadnagar, founded by the Nizam Shahs, was described as being comparable to Cairo and Baghdad, within
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