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19-731: The Virgin Komi Forests ( Komi : Комилӧн вӧрзьӧдлытӧм вӧръяс , Russian : Де́вственные леса́ Ко́ми ) is a natural UNESCO World Heritage Site in the Northern Ural Mountains of the Komi Republic , Russia . At 32,800 km it is the largest virgin forest in Europe . The Virgin Komi Forests belong to the Ural Mountains taiga ecoregion . Dominant tree species include Siberian Spruce , Siberian Fir and Siberian Larch , while

38-446: A local language , but there have been other suggestions. The same name is likely reflected in the toponym Bjarmaland in Norse sagas . The general region of Great Perm was known as wisu (وِيسُو wīsū ) in medieval Arab ethnography , so referred to in the works of Ahmad ibn Fadlan , Al-Gharnati , Zakariya al-Qazwini and Yaqut al-Hamawi (in his Dictionary of Countries ). The term

57-608: A subject–object–verb order. Most modern texts, however, possess a subject-verb-object word order, due to heavy Russian language influence and the resulting calques . The following sample text displays the Anbur , Cyrillic (modern) and Latin lyrical text from the Komi-Zyryan folk song "Kačaśinjas" ( Daisies ). The first verse of the song and the refrain, as written in the Anbur Script: The second verse and refrain, as written in

76-590: A French company ( HUET Holding ). However, conservation threats remain, illegal logging and gold-mining in particular. Deposits of gold in the northern part of the Yugyd-Va National Park were to be mined prior to 1995. Despite the area's recognition as a World Heritage site, attempts at extracting gold are being actively lobbied by the Head of the Republic and Komi's Ministry of Nature. Komi language Komi

95-619: A degree of autonomy under the Muscovite rule, but was eventually absorbed into it in 1505. The principality was located in the Upper Kama area and maintained close connections with nearby Perm of Vychegda (alternatively known as Perm the Minor). Both Perm states had paid tribute to the Novgorod Republic since the 9th or 10th centuries. Perm of Vychegda was Christianised by Stephen of Perm in

114-472: Is absent in the modern Komi language. U u A a Letters particular to the Molodtsov alphabet include ԁ , ԃ , ԅ , ԇ , ԉ , ԋ , ԍ , ԏ , most of which represent palatalized consonants. There are no diphthongs, although vowel sequences can occur at morpheme boundaries. The phoneme /ɨ/ is phonetically [ɯ̈] , and /a/ is phonetically [ä] . There is noticeable positional allophony, depending on

133-473: Is perhaps derived from the name of the Ves' people who settled around Lake Ladoga and the upper Sukhona River . The Principality of Great Perm ( Russian : Великопермское княжество , Velikopermskoye knyazhestvo ; Komi-Permyak : Ыджыт Перем öксуму, Чердін öксуму ) emerged as a separate Komi-Permyak feudal entity in the 14th-15th centuries owing to the easing of the Novgorod Republic . The principality retained

152-454: Is spoken in the Komi Republic and other parts of Russia such as Nenetsia and Yamalia . There were 285,000 speakers in 1994, which decreased to 160,000 in 2010. It was formerly written in the Old Permic script created by Stephen of Perm for liturgical purposes in the 14th century, though very few texts exist in this script. The Cyrillic script was introduced by Russian missionaries in

171-400: The 17th century, replacing it. A tradition of secular works of literature in the modern form of the language dates back to the 19th century. Komi has ten dialects: Syktyvkardin ( Sysola ), Lower Ežva (Vychegda), Central Ežva (Vychegda), Upper Ežva (Vychegda), Luz-let, Upper Sysola , Pećöra , Iźva , Vym , and Udora dialects. Syktyvkardin is spoken in the region of Syktyvkar and forms

190-673: The 1920s, the language was written in the Molodtsov alphabet , which also derived from Cyrillic. In the 1930s, during the Latinisation in the Soviet Union , Komi was briefly written with a version of the Latin script . Since the 1940s it uses the Russian-based Cyrillic alphabet with the additional letters І , і and Ӧ , ӧ . Ԃ ԃ O o Ԅ ԅ Ԉ ԉ Ԋ ԋ - - /ɔ/ "open o" Ԍ ԍ Ԏ ԏ 𐍔 ‎ - - /ɛ/ "open e" Open "e"

209-760: The Zyryan Cyrillic Alphabet: The third and final verse and refrain, as written in the modern Latin Alphabet: Great Perm Great Perm ( Permyak : Ыджыт Перем Öксуму, Ydžyt Perem Öksumu ; Old Permic , 𐍨𐍓𐍖𐍨𐍢 𐍟𐍔𐍠𐍔𐍜 𐍞𐍚𐍡𐍣𐍜𐍣) or simply Perm , in Latin Permia , was a medieval historical region in what is now the Perm Krai of the Russian Federation . Cherdyn is said to have been its capital. The origin of

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228-507: The fourteenth century and subsequently subdued by Muscovy . In 1451 a House of Princes of Perm gained control of both territories as vassals of Moscow, with the titles of princes Vymsky , and princes Velikopermsky . In fact even though having been Christianised soon after Perm of Vychegda , Great Perm enjoyed greater independence, positioned between three powers: Moscow, the Novgorod , and Kazan . Finally in 1472 an army of vassals of Moscow with

247-488: The model for the generic standard dialect of the language. Dialects are divided based primarily on their use of /v/ and /l/ : The start of the change date to the 17th century. It is not seen in the oldest Komi texts from the 14th century, nor in loanwords from Komi to Khanty , dated to the 16th; though it fully occurred before Russian loanwords that entered the language in the 18th century as /l/ remains unchanged in these. Some dialects are further distinguished based on

266-409: The most prominent mammals are the reindeer , the sable , the mink and the hare . The site corresponds to Russia's Pechora-Ilych Nature Reserve and Yugyd Va National Park . Its World Heritage Site status was recognised in 1995, making it the first natural World Heritage Site in the country. This recognition brought the site additional funding from abroad and saved it from imminent logging by

285-469: The name Perm is uncertain. Most common explanation derives the name "Perm" from "parma" ("forested highlands" in Komi language). While the city of Perm is a modern foundation named for Permia, the town of Cherdyn was reportedly itself known as the capital of "Great Perm" in the past. Cherdyn acted as a central market town, and it is sometimes suggested that perm was simply a term for "merchants" or "market" in

304-407: The palatalized alveolars /dʲ tʲ/ , which have unpacked in syllable-final position as clusters /jd jt/ . The Old Permic script is the first writing system for Komi. It was invented in the 14th century by the missionary Stephen of Perm . The alphabet resembled medieval Greek and Cyrillic . The script was also known as Anbur (Komi: 𐍐𐍝𐍑𐍣𐍠 ‎, Анбур), named for the first 2 letters of

323-476: The princes Vymsky among them conquered Great Perm and captured their brother Prince Mikhail Velikopermsky. Nevertheless, the latter soon came back again from Moscow as governor and ruled his domain for life. His son Matthew Velikopermsky was finally deposed by the Grand Prince of Moscow in 1505. Up to the early 18th century, the name Great Perm was officially used of the Upper Kama area, a southern part of which

342-562: The script, " an " & " bur " (𐍐 & 𐍑, respectively). It is no longer in use today, though it has received Unicode Support as "Old Permic" in recent times. The script saw use in Komi-inhabited areas, primarily the Principality of Great Perm and parts of Bjarmaland . In the 16th century, this alphabet was replaced by the Russian alphabet with certain modifications for affricates. In

361-399: The surrounding consonants, however no allophone overlaps with another vowel phoneme. Komi has 17 cases, with a rich inventory of locative cases. Like other Uralic languages, Komi has no gender. Verbs agree with subjects in person and number (sg/pl). Negation is expressed with an auxiliary verb, which is inflected for person, number and tense. Komi is an agglutinative language and adheres to

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