49-574: European University Viadrina Frankfurt (Oder) (German: Europa-Universität Viadrina Frankfurt (Oder) ) is a university located at Frankfurt (Oder) in Brandenburg, Germany. It is also known as the University of Frankfurt (Oder) . The city is on the Oder River, which marks the border between Germany and Poland . With 5,200 students — around 1,000 of whom come from Poland — and some 160 teaching staff,
98-748: A fortress ( Festung ) in an attempt to block the Red Army 's route to Berlin . The nearly empty town was burned down by the Red Army. The postwar East German–Polish border ran along the Oder, separating the Dammvorstadt on the eastern bank – which became the Polish town of Słubice – from the rest of Frankfurt. While part of communist East Germany , Frankfurt was administered within Bezirk Frankfurt (Oder) . It became part of
147-527: A government advisor. In 1727 he was appointed professor at the Tübingen Collegium. The work brought him into conflict with the government's censors, and he quit both his job as professor and his job as government advisor in 1732. He later held a long series of administrative appointments, giving him a thorough knowledge of political and constitutional issues. In 1736 he was called to head the Faculty of Law at
196-607: A jurist, political writer and a statesman. From 1721 to 1726 he worked in Vienna. In 1724 he became an adviser to the state vice-chancellor Count Schönborn. Moser was not able to pursue a career in the imperial service, because he refused to convert to Catholicism. Soon afterwards he entered the civil service of the Holy Roman Empire , and was appointed as a "state adviser" in the Imperial Court. In 1726 Moser returned to Stuttgart as
245-612: Is about 80 kilometres (50 mi) east of Berlin , in the south of the historical region Lubusz Land . Within Frankfurt's city limits lies the recreational area Lake Helenesee . The name of the city makes reference to the Franks , and means Ford of the Franks , and there appears a Gallic rooster in the coats of arms of Frankfurt and Słubice. The official name Frankfurt (Oder) and the older Frankfurt an der Oder are used to distinguish it from
294-508: Is the Fforst House, a German-Polish student project, which has been granted support by the town's administration and by the Viadrina , having been described by the former president of the university, Gesine Schwan , as the place where "Europe begins". The current mayor is René Wilke (independent, formerly Left ) since 2018. The most recent mayoral election was held on 28 February 2018 and
343-477: Is the Frankfurt Institute of Transformational Studies (FIT). The institute is a substantial contributor to research on economies in transition. The university's former president, Professor Gesine Schwan , ran for President of Germany both in 2004 and 2009, being narrowly defeated by Horst Köhler twice. Former diplomat Gunter Pleuger has served as the university's president since 1 October 2008. Pleuger
392-526: Is the fourth-largest city in the German state of Brandenburg after Potsdam , Cottbus and Brandenburg an der Havel . With around 58,000 inhabitants, it is the largest German city on the Oder River, and one of the easternmost cities in Germany. Frankfurt sits on the western bank of the Oder, opposite the Polish town of Słubice , which was a part of Frankfurt until 1945, and called Dammvorstadt until then. The city
441-667: The Duchy of Pomerania . In 1319, Wartislaw IV , Duke of Pomerania, granted new privileges to the town. The town fell again to Brandenburg in 1324. In the Late Middle Ages , the town dominated the river trade between Wrocław and Szczecin . From 1373 to 1415, along with Brandenburg, it was part of the Lands of the Bohemian Crown . In 1430, Frankfurt joined the Hanseatic League . In 1432,
490-525: The Duchy of Württemberg . Moser's father, Johann Jacob Moser of Filseck, was born in 1660 in Stuttgart and died in 1716 ; his mother, Helene Catharine Moser ( née Misler), was born in 1672 in Stade and died in 1741 in Stuttgart. Although the younger Moser had six siblings, his parents managed to fund his pursuit of an academic career. After attending Eberhard-Ludwigs-Gymnasium , Moser studied state journalism at
539-697: The Habsburg emperor Leopold I , in order to be competitive with the newly founded University of Berlin . The merger included the transfer of the comprehensive library stocks, then with more than 28,000 volumes the second-largest in Prussia after the Königsberg State and University Library collection, up the Oder river by boat. Some of the Viadrina professors did, however, accept positions in Berlin. The old university building
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#1732852054472588-605: The Province of Brandenburg in 1815. In the 19th century, Frankfurt played an important role in trade. Centrally positioned in the Kingdom of Prussia between Berlin and Posen (Poznań) , on the river Oder with its heavy traffic, the town housed the second-largest annual trade fair ( Messe ) of the German Reich , surpassed only by that in Leipzig . One of the main escape routes for insurgents of
637-572: The Swedish Empire and the Holy Roman Empire . After a two-day siege, Swedish forces, supported by Scottish auxiliaries, stormed the town and destroyed many buildings, e.g. the Georgen Hospital . The result was a Swedish victory. By the end of the Thirty Years' War, the town's population had decreased from 12,000 inhabitants to 2,366 inhabitants. In the 16th century the oldest church of
686-417: The University of Frankfurt (Oder) , but had to leave after three years due to his thoroughly Liberal ideas which were disliked by King Frederick William I of Prussia . Between 1739 and 1751, he had various jobs. He spent the years 1739 to 1747 at Ebersdorf , mainly concerned with completing the monumental 53 volumes of his Deutsches Staatsrecht ("German Constitutional Law"), a pioneering research analysing
735-413: The University of Tübingen . His additional efforts at and success in independent learning enabled him to gain an appointment as professor of law at the same university at the early age of 18 or 19 years. In 1721 Moser married Friederike Rosine Vischer, daughter of a Württembergian Upper Council President. Their oldest son, Friedrich Karl von Moser , was born on 18 December 1723 in Stuttgart, and became
784-428: The reconstituted state of Brandenburg with German reunification in 1990. In the post-communist era, following the collapse of its main employer VEB Halbleiterwerk , Frankfurt has suffered from high unemployment and low economic growth . Its population has fallen significantly from around 87,000 at the time of German reunification in 1990. The only remnant of semiconductor technology industries in Frankfurt by 2003
833-574: The Czech Hussites captured the town. In the 16th century, many Polish exports, including grain, wood, ash, tar and hemp, were floated from western Poland via Frankfurt to the port of Szczecin, with the high Brandenburgian customs duties on Polish goods lowered in the early 17th century. In April 1631, during the Thirty Years' War , Frankfurt was the site of the Battle of Frankfurt an der Oder between
882-565: The Germans brought numerous forced laborers , both men and women, from Poland and the Soviet Union to the town. In early 1945, death marches of prisoners of various nationalities from the dissolved camps in Żabikowo and Świecko to the Sachsenhausen concentration camp passed through the city. There was no fighting for the town in 1945 during World War II even though the town was declared
931-605: The Holocaust . The procession of the new Torah scroll began from the spot where the town's Frankfurter Synagogue stood prior to World War II, 500 meters from Germany's current border with Poland. Celebrants marched with the scroll into the town's Chabad -Lubavitch centre, where they danced with the Torah , which had been donated by members of the Chabad-Lubavitch community in Berlin. The Margraviate of Brandenburg's first university
980-973: The Silesian Frederick William University in Breslau , presently the University of Wrocław . The university was refounded in 1991 with a European emphasis as the Viadrina European University , in close cooperation with the Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań; they jointly run the Collegium Polonicum in Słubice. The Frankfurt (Oder) Bahnhof is a station served by the Berlin-Warszawa-Express and has regular regional connections to Magdeburg and Cottbus . Within
1029-557: The St. Nicholas Church (today's Friedenskirche ) began. In 1249, the settlement became part of the Margraviate of Brandenburg . The town of Frankfurt received its charter in 1253 at the Brandendamm . The early settlers lived on the western banks of the Oder; later the town was extended to the eastern bank. After a war broke out over control of the region in 1319, the town came under the control of
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#17328520544721078-479: The Viadrina is one of Germany's smallest universities (only the University of Erfurt and Jacobs University Bremen have fewer students). The Latin word Viadrina means "belonging to, or situated at, the Oder River"; it derives from Viadrus , the name of a presumed river god of the Oder. Actually, an ancient name of the river is not documented, it is mentioned as Oddera in the 991 Dagome iudex referring to
1127-494: The charge of authoring subversive writings. He completed his five-year detention with his mental and physical health and his faith in God unbroken. In order to meet his desire to write, without writing materials, he wrote religious songs on the walls with soot from the fireplace on the walls. In 1764, aged 63, he was released, in part due to the intercession of Friedrich the Great of Prussia, and
1176-660: The city plays an important role in German–Polish relations and European integration . Frankfurt is home to the European University Viadrina , which has a campus in Słubice, the Collegium Polonicum . Prior to 1249, a West Slavic settlement named Zliwitz along with the Lubusz Land was part of the Kingdom of Poland . The Piast duke Henry the Bearded granted Zliwitz staple rights in 1225. In 1226, construction of
1225-662: The city, there is a network of five tram lines . 1. FC Frankfurt is the town's local football team. Frankfurt (Oder), being located on the border to Poland, plays a special role in connection with German–Polish relations and European integration . The European University Viadrina has one of its buildings in Poland, in the neighbouring town of Słubice. The university also has a number of projects and initiatives dedicated to bringing Poland and Germany together, and offers its students pro bono Polish courses. Another project that contributes to German–Polish integration in Frankfurt (Oder)
1274-441: The facts in his works. Johann Jacob Moser wrote the first description of the German state based not on abstract principles but on concrete legal rules and judicial decisions. He collected material and organised it systematically. Thus he argued against the deductive systems of natural law advocated by Christian Thomasius (1655-1728) and Christian Wolff (1679-1754). He gave the same treatment to international law, describing how it
1323-400: The first principal university of the Margraviate of Brandenburg . The foundation stone was laid already in 1498 at the site of a demolished synagogue; a foundation charter was issued by Pope Alexander VI in the same year. The notable theologian Konrad Wimpina (c.1465–1531) became founding prorector . Construction of the main building ( Collegienhaus ) was completed in 1507. The university
1372-466: The larger city of Frankfurt am Main . The city's recorded history began in the 13th century as a West Slavic settlement. During its history, it was successively part of the Kingdom of Poland , the Margraviate of Brandenburg , the Bohemian Crown , Prussia and Germany. After World War II , the eastern part of Frankfurt became again part of Poland under the terms of the Potsdam Agreement and
1421-524: The named subject matter more systematically than ever done before, and based on a through study of the sources. In 1751 Moser became a consultant on land reform to the Charles Eugene, Duke of Württemberg . He came into conflict with the Duke by opposing the Duke's absolutist tendencies. In July 1759 he was arrested and imprisoned without judicial procedure in solitary confinement in the fortress Hohentwiel , on
1470-429: The philosopher Ulrich von Hutten (1488–1523) and the theologian and political leader Thomas Müntzer ( c. 1489–1525), the musician Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach (1714–1788), the physicians Marcus Elieser Bloch (1723–1799) and Johann Gottlieb Walter (1734–1818), Wilhelm (1767–1836) and Alexander von Humboldt (1769–1859), as well as the poet Heinrich von Kleist (1777–1811). Among the notable university prorectors
1519-509: The realm of Prince Mieszko I of Poland . The Latin name was probably introduced by the Frankfurt scholar Jodocus Willich (c.1486–1552) and appeared in the Cosmographia by Sebastian Münster in 1544; the city of Frankfurt was known in Latin as Francofortum ad Viadrum . The Alma Mater Viadrina was founded on 26 April 1506 by Elector Joachim I Nestor , with permission from Pope Julius II , as
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1568-462: The results were as follows: The city council governs the city alongside the mayor. The most recent city council election was held on 9 June 2024, and the results were as follows: Frankfurt (Oder) is twinned with: In recent years, Frankfurt has been the setting for several notable German films: Johann Jakob Moser Johann Jakob Moser (18 January 1701 – 30 September 1785) was a German jurist, publicist and researcher, whose work earned him
1617-519: The students are foreigners (mostly Polish), a greater proportion than at other German universities. Viadrina European University maintains close cooperation with Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań , Poland. The two universities jointly operate the Collegium Polonicum, located just opposite Viadrina on the Polish side of the Oder River. Notable among the research institutions at Viadrina University
1666-403: The teaching staff. While damages of the Thirty Years' War still had to be repaired, he had a botanical garden laid out next to the university premises. An anatomical theatre was built in 1684 at the behest of physician Bernhardus Albinus (1653–1721). The complete renovation was accomplished in 1693/94. In 1736 the eminent jurist Johann Jakob Moser was called to head the Faculty of Law at
1715-522: The title "The Father of German Constitutional Law " and whose political commitment to the principles of Liberalism caused him to lose academic positions and spend years as a political prisoner . Moser was born and died in Stuttgart . Johann Jacob Moser was a member of the Moser family of Filseck, an old and respectable Württemberg family. They were devout Protestants with a history of service as civil servants to
1764-716: The town (today's Friedenskirche ) was secularized and was even used as a granary , and from the 17th century it served as the church of the French Huguenots . The city was briefly occupied by the Russian Imperial Army during the Seven Years' War , in August 1759, in the prelude to the battle of Kunersdorf . With the dissolution of the Margraviate of Brandenburg during the Napoleonic Wars , Frankfurt became part of
1813-613: The university, but had to leave after three years due to his thoroughly Liberal ideas which were disliked by the Prussian king Frederick William I . In the course of the Prussian Reforms during the Napoleonic Wars , the University of Frankfurt was moved to Breslau (present-day Wrocław, Poland) in 1811. It merged with the University of Breslau , the Leopoldina established in 1702 by
1862-562: The unsuccessful Polish November Uprising from partitioned Poland to the Great Emigration led through the city. In 1842, the Berlin–Frankfurt (Oder) railway was opened. The SS Einsatzgruppe VI was formed in the town before it entered several Polish cities, including Poznań , Kalisz and Leszno , to commit various crimes against Poles during the German invasion of Poland , which started World War II . During World War II
1911-408: Was Duke Henry Wenceslaus of Oels-Bernstadt (1592–1639) in 1608. In 1991 the university was re-established as Viadrina European University. It currently comprises three faculties: Economics and Business Studies; Law; and Cultural Studies. A prime focus of the educational program is to attract students from throughout Europe in order to create a multinational student body. Currently about 40 percent of
1960-708: Was Frankfurt's Alma Mater Viadrina, founded in 1506 by Joachim I Nestor, Elector of Brandenburg . An early chancellor, Bishop Georg von Blumenthal (1490–1550), was a notable opponent of the Protestant Reformation , as he remained a Catholic . Frankfurt also trained the noted archbishop Albert of Brandenburg around 1510, who also became a vocal opponent of the Reformation. The university was closed in 1811, and its assets divided between two new universities founded under King Frederick William III : Frederick William University of Berlin, presently Humboldt University ; and
2009-512: Was a vigorous opponent of the Protestant Reformation and did his utmost to expel Lutherans such as Jodocus Willich . (In 2018 his brother's direct descendant Julia von Blumenthal was named president of the refounded Viadrina.) In 1518 Johann Tetzel (1465–1519) obtained his doctorate at Frankfurt. Nevertheless, the university, like its Prussian counterpart, the University of Königsberg established in 1544, turned to Lutheran orthodoxy . A professor popular among students, Erdmann Copernicus ,
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2058-407: Was actually practiced, rather than attempting to derive it from nature. Moser is considered as laying the foundations for the modern German state and positive international law. He defended the traditional order by defending actual legal rules. Apart from his work on state law, he was also interested in the local law of the numerous territories of the state. However, because of their great variety, he
2107-534: Was followed by slavicist Alexander Wöll on 1 October 2014. The Viadrina European University currently offers the following study programs in English: Frankfurt (Oder) Frankfurt (Oder) , also known as Frankfurt an der Oder ( German: [ˈfʁaŋkfʊʁt ʔan deːɐ̯ ˈʔoːdɐ] , lit. ' Frankfurt on the Oder ' ; Central Marchian : Frankfort an de Oder, Polish : Frankfurt nad Odrą )
2156-454: Was organized into four Faculties of Arts : law, theology, philosophy, and medicine. Within the first year, more than 900 students from all over Germany, Poland, Sweden, Norway, and Denmark enrolled. The Viadrina enjoyed an excellent reputation in Brandenburg and the surrounding regions, and its graduates had high positions in administration, politics, law and the church. One of its earliest chancellors, Bishop Georg von Blumenthal (1490–1550)
2205-507: Was promoted to head of university in 1573, but died in the same year. After the ruling House of Hohenzollern had converted to Calvinism , the 'Great Elector' Frederick William and his governor Prince John Maurice of Nassau-Siegen in 1655 founded the University of Duisburg , a Reformed college in the Duchy of Cleves . Frederick William also opened the Frankfurt University for Jewish students, against fierce resistance by
2254-470: Was rehabilitated and restored to his position, rank and titles. In 1764 he was released, due in part to the intercession of Friedrich the Great of Prussia (son of the king who had hounded Moser in 1739). He was rehabilitated and restored to his position, rank and titles. He retired on 16 July 1770 aged 69. During the next 15 years, he wrote many books. Over his entire life he wrote 500-600 books. This prolific output led sometimes to careless representations of
2303-469: Was renamed to Słubice , while the western part of Frankfurt became a border city of the German Democratic Republic in 1949. During the communist era, Frankfurt reached a population peak with more than 87,000 inhabitants at the end of the 1980s. Following German reunification , the population decreased significantly, but has stabilized in recent years at about 58,000 inhabitants. As of 2020,
2352-507: Was taken over by the City of Frankfurt and turned into a schoolhouse. It was barely damaged in World War II and first used as a home for refugees from the former eastern territories . Afterwards the building stood empty until it was controversially demolished in the early 1960s. Only the arch of the main entrance has been preserved as a monument. Famous students at the historical Viadrina included
2401-677: Was the Innovations for High Performance Microelectronics (IHPM) institute. Today, the towns of Frankfurt and Słubice have friendly relations and run several common projects and facilities. Poland joined the European Union on 1 May 2004, and implemented the Schengen Agreement on 21 December 2007 leading to the removal of permanent border controls. In March 2008, the Jewish community of Frankfurt celebrated its first Torah dedication since
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