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48-553: The peninsula is about 3,625 km (1,400 sq mi) in size (not taking into account the isthmus of Carlos Ameghino which connects the peninsula to the mainland). The nearest large town is Puerto Madryn . The only town on the peninsula is the small settlement of Puerto Pirámides . There are also a number of estancias , where sheep are raised. Most of the peninsula is barren land with some salt lakes . The largest of these lakes has an elevation of about 40 m below sea level (see extremes on Earth ), until recently thought to be

96-428: A cold desert climate ( BWk ) bordering on a cold semi-desert climate ( BSk ). It has a climate typical of northern Patagonia that is modified with interactions between atmospheric circulation patterns and the adjacent ocean. The peninsula is located between the subtropical high-pressure belt (located at 30S) and the subpolar low-pressure zone (located between 60 and 70S), resulting in the wind being predominantly from

144-776: A day to Buenos Aires, and to many locations in the Santa Cruz Province . Short range buses to towns in Chubut run at least once a day. There are also daily summer buses on the route #25. The Trelew airport ( IATA REL ) serves regular flights to/from Buenos Aires and El Calafate . Airports are also maintained at Comodoro Rivadavia ( General Enrique Mosconi International Airport ), Rawson and Esquel. Major highways include: Four other roads travel west to Chile's Aysén region, including Balmaceda and Coihaique Alto, and two to Chile's Los Lagos region from Corcovado to Palena and from Esquel via Trevelin to Futaleufu. The provincial government

192-456: A lot across the province and the contrast is not that large. In the coastal areas, the mean relative humidity is about 70% while in the rest of the province, it is around 50%–60%. The exception is in the higher altitude areas in the Andes in the colder regions where humidity levels are considerably higher. During the summer months, humidity levels are relatively low. Because the Andes block most of

240-627: A national central office. The provincial government runs a TV network that covers the province. In Trelew, Comodoro Rivadavia, Esquel, Puerto Madryn and in some small towns there are other local TV stations producing local programming to supplement the programming received from the Buenos Aires networks. Tourism is also a growing industry. The main attractions are Peninsula Valdés and other marine wildlife reservoirs such as Punta Tombo and Punta Ninfas , with right whales , eared seals , elephant seals , penguins , orcas and many other animals. At

288-698: A two-Test tour to Argentina by the Wales national rugby union team was played in 2006 in Puerto Madryn, a 27–25 win for Argentina . Puerto Madryn is home to two football clubs; Club Social y Atlético Guillermo Brown , who play in Nacional B and Deportivo Madryn that currently play in Torneo Argentino B . A basketball team, Deportivo Puerto Madryn , plays in the Liga Nacional de Básquetbol (LNB). Their home arena

336-459: A west to east direction are moderated as they pass over the Pacific Ocean. As such, cold temperatures are not as extreme as they are in the northern hemisphere. Similar to the rest of Patagonia the climate is characterized by strong winds throughout the year, which also leads to higher evapotranspiration , another factor in the province being mostly dry. The western parts of the province are

384-630: Is Infochubut.com, a recent publication that works with audio, video, text and photographs for its news and offers forums for public participation. Some radio stations in northwest Chubut began to publish online some of the interviews made in their radio studies. The most populous cities are served by AM radio stations, such as Chubut Radio and Three Radio in Trelew, Golfo Nuevo's Radio in Puerto Madryn, National Radio in Comodoro, Rivadavia and Esquel. There are also several FM radio stations which broadcast programs from

432-484: Is a transition between the more temperate climates to the north and the colder climates in the south. Summers tend to be much warmer than Santa Cruz province to the south, particularly in the summer since subtropical air from the north and a branch of the warm Brazil Current can reach the province up until 46°. Because there is little land masses in the Southern hemisphere, most of the cold fronts , which usually move in

480-461: Is an additional factor that makes most of the province dry since it favors evaporation of moisture. Most of the wind comes from either the west, southwest or northwest but in coastal areas during the summer months, a sea breeze can form when westerly winds are weak, forming easterly winds that can penetrate up to 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) from the coast. The mean wind speed is 6 metres per second (20 ft/s) with higher wind speeds being recorded in

528-530: Is divided into the usual three branches: the executive, headed by a popularly elected governor, who appoint the cabinet; the legislative; and the judiciary, headed by the Supreme Court and completed by several inferior tribunals. The Constitution of Chubut Province forms the formal law of the province. In Argentina, the most important law enforcement organization is the Argentine Federal Police but

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576-457: Is formed by the Valdés Peninsula and Punta Ninfas . Puerto Madryn features a cold desert climate ( Köppen BWk ), with an annual precipitation of between 150 and 200 mm (6" to 8"). The town was founded on 28 July 1865, when 150 Welsh immigrants arriving aboard the clipper Mimosa named the natural port Porth Madryn in honour of Sir Love Jones-Parry , whose estate in Wales

624-469: Is found in the area between the Andean region to the west and the dry steppes to the east. Although precipitation can widely vary among the province, in all locations, precipitation is higher during the winter months. Thunderstorms are rare and occur exclusively during the summer. One defining characteristic of the climate in Chubut province is the strong wind that is observed throughout the province. The wind

672-463: Is generated by mining and petroleum. This sector's contribution (mostly centered around Comodoro Rivadavia ) helped give Chubut the nation's fourth-highest per capita output in 2011, US$ 25,250. Petroleum refining is the main economic activity of the province; it generates 13% of Argentine oil production (mostly off-shore). On May 21, 2014, Miguel Galuccio of YPF and Chubut Governor Martin Buzzi announced

720-594: Is known as the Deportivo Puerto Madryn Arena . El Tehuelche Airport is located 10 km (6 miles) northwest of the city centre. Commercial flights from Buenos Aires , Ushuaia , and other Argentinian cities are available. Most tourists fly into Trelew Airport as flights into Puerto Madryn are restricted as a result of environmental concerns. Puerto Madryn is situated in Chubut on the Golfo Nuevo , which

768-416: Is low, averaging 240 mm (9.4 in) although this is highly variable from year to year. The interior of the peninsula receives slightly lower precipitation than the coastal areas, receiving 200 to 225 mm (7.9 to 8.9 in) per year. Precipitation is fairly evenly distributed throughout the year though April–June receives the most precipitation. The El Niño Southern Oscillation strongly influences

816-613: The 42nd parallel south (the border with Río Negro Province ), the 46th parallel south (bordering Santa Cruz Province ), the Andes range to the west (bordering Chile ), and the Atlantic Ocean to the east. The province's name derives from the Tehuelche word chupat , meaning "transparent", their description of the Chubut River . The largest city is Comodoro Rivadavia in the south of

864-517: The Comodoro Rivadavia Military Zone . The zone was dissolved in 1955, and Chubut was declared a province. Studies in the 1950s revealed mineral wealth in the province, which the government has tried to develop. Population shifts of the late 20th century, especially from Buenos Aires , raised the population steadily from 190,000 (1970), to 357,000 (1991) and 413,237 (2001). The government has encouraged people to resettle here. Most of

912-481: The Falklands Islands during the 1982 war were repatriated on the vessels SS Canberra MV St. Edmund and MV Norland , which sailed from Port Stanley on 18 June 1982. Chubut Province Chubut ( Spanish : Provincia del Chubut , IPA: [tʃuˈβut] ; Welsh : Talaith Chubut Welsh pronunciation: [taˈlaɪθ ˈχɨbɨt] ) is a province in southern Argentina , situated between

960-628: The Patagonia region for thousands of years. They lived as hunter-gatherers and covered territory in seasonal cycles as they followed game. In the 17th and 18th centuries, Spanish missionaries came to the area, and founded the San José Fort on Península Valdés . The indigenous people later destroyed it. In 1865, Welsh people came to Chubut on the Mimosa and settled in the Chubut Valley . The region

1008-590: The Chilean border. The Andes are not that high in Chubut, with most peaks averaging around 1,500 and 2,000 metres (4,900 and 6,600 ft), which becomes smaller in altitude in the southern parts. The highest peak is Cerro Dos Picos , located east of Lago Cholila with a height of 2,515 metres (8,251 ft). The Andes in this province are of tertiary origin and are separated by wide, deep transverse valleys that are oriented in an east–west direction. These valleys are occupied by glacial lakes and rivers flowing east from

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1056-754: The Punta Tombo site there is one of the largest breeding areas for the Magellanic penguin . Further south, on the sparsely populated beaches of the Golfo San Jorge , is the only place in the world where the peculiar, flightless Chubut steamer duck can be observed. In the Andean region, the Los Alerces National Park , impressive lakes and hikes near Esquel are also visited every year by many tourists. The ' Old Patagonian Express ' (also known as La Trochita ),

1104-721: The additional work is carried out by the Chubut Provincial Police . The province is divided into 15 departments (Spanish: departamentos ), listed below with their Number (on map), area and populations at the Censuses of November 2000 and October 2010: Chubut is covered by the Roman Catholic Diocese of Comodoro Rivadavia . The cathedral, dedicated to San Juan Bosco is in Comodoro Rivadavia. The university, Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia San Juan Bosco ,

1152-544: The climate of the peninsula. During an El Niño year, precipitation is higher from November to February. Puerto Madryn Puerto Madryn ( Spanish pronunciation: [ˈpweɾto ˈmaðɾin] ; Welsh : Porth Madryn ), usually known as Madryn , is a city in the province of Chubut in Argentine Patagonia . It is the capital of the Viedma Department , and has about 103,175 inhabitants according to

1200-404: The coldest with an annual mean temperature of 8 °C (46.4 °F) owing to the higher elevations while the coastal areas are the warmest with an annual mean temperature of 12 to 14 °C (53.6 to 57.2 °F). The central parts of the province have an annual mean temperature of 10 to 12 °C (50.0 to 53.6 °F) since they have a higher elevation than the coastal areas. During winter,

1248-544: The first unconventional oil and gas discovery in Chubut from a fracked well in the Early Cretaceous D-129 formation of the Golfo San Jorge basin. Chubut produces 21% of the nation's fish catch. Sheep ranching, though less than half as productive in the 21st century compared to as recently as 1990, remains important at the local level. The advent of synthetic replacements to wool after World War II battered

1296-460: The inhabitants are in the main cities. They have also settled along the Chubut River . Most areas have a population density of less than 1 inhabitant per square kilometer. Chubut's economy, for a long time one of the most prosperous in Argentina, is one of the country's least diversified. Nearly one-quarter of its 2006 output, estimated at US$ 4.652 billion (or a per capita income of US$ 11,256),

1344-672: The last census in 2022. Puerto Madryn is protected by the Golfo Nuevo , which is formed by the Península Valdés and the Punta Ninfas . It is an important centre for tourists visiting the natural attractions of the Península Valdés and the coast. The name of the city conmemorates Love Jones Parry , one of the colonizers of Patagonia . The toponym originated around 1863, when Love Jones Parry, along with Lewis Jones travelled to Patagonia aboard Candelaría to decide whether that region

1392-587: The lowest elevation in Argentina and South America (the lowest point actually being Laguna del Carbón , Argentina, which is also the lowest point in all of South America). The coastline is inhabited by marine mammals , such as sea lions , elephant seals and fur seals . The adjacent waters contain the most important breeding ground for southern right whales in the world. They can be found in Golfo Nuevo and Golfo San José, protected bodies of water located between

1440-515: The mean temperature in the coldest months ranges from 6 to 7 °C (42.8 to 44.6 °F) in the northern parts of the province to 4 to 7 °C (39.2 to 44.6 °F) in the southern parts. In the Andes, the mean temperature can be close to 0 °C (32.0 °F). Unlike the northern hemisphere, most of the cold air masses originate from the Pacific Ocean, which moderates the cold air and as such, extreme cold temperatures are rare. Occasionally, cold air masses from Antarctica are not moderated by

1488-594: The moisture from the Pacific Ocean from coming in, causing it to release most of the precipitation on its western slopes, most of the province is dry, averaging less than 200 mm (7.9 in) a year. In the central parts of the province, some areas receive less than 100 mm (3.9 in) of precipitation a year. In the Andean part, precipitation increases towards the Chilean border and precipitation ranges from 700 mm (28 in) to over 3,000 mm (120 in). A Mediterranean like precipitation pattern, similar to central Chile with dry summers and wet winters

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1536-465: The moisture precipitates on the western side of the Andes, leaving all except the Andean portion of the province dry. In the Andean region, the climate is cold for its latitude owing to the higher elevations there and the influence of winds from the Pacific Ocean. The peaks are usually snow covered throughout the year. In this region, precipitation ranges from 700 mm (28 in) to over 2,500 mm (98 in) in some areas. The central parts of

1584-422: The mountains. Most of these valleys existed before the Andes were formed. The lakes, which are mostly located in the western parts of the province are of glacial origin because during the last ice age , the movement of the glaciers lead to the formation of extensive areas of depressions that were filled up with water to form the lakes today. The Andes cause humid winds from the Pacific Ocean to rise so most of

1632-507: The north. The westernmost parts of the province are the coolest during the summer, averaging only 14 °C (57.2 °F). The central parts of the province have the most extreme temperatures which can reach over 40 °C (104.0 °F) during the summer and below −20 °C (−4.0 °F) in the winter. The lowest temperature recorded in Chubut was −33 °C (−27.4 °F) in Sarmiento. In general, relative humidity values do not vary

1680-412: The ocean, resulting in very cold temperatures. During summer, the temperature gradient is greater than in the winter. The northern parts of the province, have a mean temperature greater than 20 °C (68.0 °F) in the warmest months while in the southern parts, the mean temperature in the warmest month ranges from 17 to 19 °C (62.6 to 66.2 °F) owing to the influence of subtropical air from

1728-557: The old steam train made famous by Paul Theroux , attracts many to Esquel , as does the La Hoya ski center. The petrified forest near Sarmiento is a 150 km park with some of the largest fossilised trees in the world. The Ruta Nacional 3 runs along the coast line up to Buenos Aires , and down to Tierra del Fuego . The Ruta Nacional 25 crosses Chubut from East to West, connecting Trelew and Esquel , but half of it has not yet been paved. Regular long-distance buses run several times

1776-532: The peninsula and the Patagonian mainland . These baleen whales arrive between May and December, for mating and giving birth, because the water in the gulf is quieter and warmer than in the open sea. Orcas can also be found off the coast, in the open sea off the peninsula. They are known to beach themselves on shore to capture sea lions and elephant seals. The inner part of the peninsula is inhabited by rheas , guanacos and maras . A diverse range of birds lives in

1824-502: The peninsula as well, with at least 181 species recorded, including the Cape petrel . The peninsula, along with neighbouring Punta León and Punta Loma, has been designated an Important Bird Area (IBA) by BirdLife International because it supports significant populations of Magellanic penguins (with about 150,000 breeding pairs), rock and imperial shags , kelp gulls , and South American , Sandwich and royal terns . Valdes Peninsula has

1872-421: The province can receive 10 hours of sunshine/day while southern parts receive 8 hours of sunshine/day. During winter months, the province receives 4–5 hours of sunshine/day. Print newspapers include: Online journalism has a small, growing presence in Chubut. The six print newspapers have online editions; these are updated every 24 hours. Some new digital proposals make a better use of web's potential. One case

1920-420: The province have an arid climate with hot, sunny summers but cold winters and only average 200 mm (7.9 in) of precipitation a year. The central parts of the province are very windy throughout the year. The coast has an arid or semi-arid climate with hot, but short summers and cold winters. It is the mildest region in the province with the warmest annual mean temperatures. The coast region's climate

1968-510: The province; it has 180,000 inhabitants. The administrative capital is Rawson (40,000). Other important cities are Puerto Madryn , Trelew , Esquel and Sarmiento . Gaiman is a cultural and demographic centre of the region known as " Y Wladfa " in which Welsh-Argentines are concentrated. Before the Spaniards arrived in the Americas , nomadic indigenous Tehuelche people had inhabited

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2016-459: The sector. It declined further because of Argentina's political instability and damage from natural disasters. Wool production has risen since 2002, however, and totaled 71,000 tons in 2006. Chubut stretches from the Atlantic to the Andes with 3 distinct environmental regions: The Andes, the central plains and the coastal regions. The Andes in the westernmost parts of the province mostly extend along

2064-420: The south where the average is more than 9 metres per second (30 ft/s). Higher altitude areas are more windy than lower altitude areas, resulting in the Andean region being windier than the coastal areas. As in much of Patagonia, summers tend to be windier than winters. Sunshine in the province follows a north–south gradient (decreases from north to south), particularly during summer where northern parts of

2112-460: The west. The mean annual temperature is 10.6 °C (51.1 °F), ranging from a mean monthly temperature of 8 °C (46.4 °F) in winter to 18 °C (64.4 °F) in summer. During winter, temperatures fluctuate between 0 and 15 °C (32.0 and 59.0 °F) with frosts being common, averaging 12–20 days during the season. Temperatures in the summer can fluctuate between 15 and 35 °C (59.0 and 95.0 °F). Mean annual precipitation

2160-575: Was adequate for a Welsh colony. A new shopping mall in the city centre has helped tourism develop significantly, making Puerto Madryn a more attractive place for both international and domestic tourists visiting Patagonia . It is twinned with Nefyn , a small town on the Llŷn Peninsula in North Wales , the result of its enduring link with Welsh culture since the Welsh settlement in Argentina . The first of

2208-565: Was called Madryn after the Welsh name for Saint Materiana . Conditions were difficult and the settlers had to dig irrigation ditches for their first crops. The settlement grew as a result of the building of the Central Chubut Railway by Welsh, Spanish, and Italian immigrants. This line, opened in 1889, linked the town to Trelew via the lower Chubut River valley. Puerto Madryn was the port to which Argentine prisoners of war captured in

2256-694: Was disputed between Chile and Argentina until 1881. Chile renounced its claim in order to prevent Argentina from entering into the War of the Pacific , in which it was already fighting against Peru and Bolivia. As part of the Conquista del Desierto (Conquest of the Desert), Argentina organized the National Territory of Chubut in 1884, after the last indigenous cacique, Inacayal , surrendered to government forces. Luis Fontana

2304-465: Was named governor. At the beginning of the 20th century, after the Boer War , some Boer people settled in the town of Sarmiento and in lesser number in other nearby towns. From 1895 to 1915 hundreds of Spanish and Italian born immigrantes settled in the lower Chubut valley as well a little more than hundred Chileans. In 1944, the southern part of Chubut and northern part of Santa Cruz were designated

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