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42-540: The city is often referred to simply as Comodoro . It was at one time the capital of the Comodoro Rivadavia Territory, which existed from 1943 to 1955. The territory was a part of Chubut before and after its creation, and the city became the capital of the Escalante Department . It had a population of 137,061 at the 2001 census [ INDEC ] , and grew to 182,631 by the 2010 census. Comodoro Rivadavia

84-519: A drilling rig which was looking for water discovered oil instead. The Argentine oil industry started in Comodoro Rivadavia, and was facilitated by the 1886 National Mining Code ( Codigo de Mineria de la Nación ). This code established that the oil fields belonged to the State, and that they could also be exploited by the private sector by concession. In 1922 YPF ( Yacimientos Petrolíferos Fiscales ),

126-567: A good candidate for use as an alternative to synthetic chemicals in pest control. Fresh green leaves in bunches are used shamanically in Mesoamerican traditional ceremonies for cleansings and blessings. The leaves are also used for the natural dyeing of textiles in the Andean region. This practice dates back to pre-Columbian times. The Incas used the oil from its leaves in early mummification practices to preserve and embalm their dead. Schinus molle

168-817: A population of about 143,000 inhabitants in an area of 14,015 km², and its capital city is Comodoro Rivadavia . The department is named after doctor Wenceslao Escalante, who was part of the Ministry of Agriculture during the presidency of Julio A. Roca . This article about a place in Chubut Province , Argentina is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Schinus molle Schinus molle ( Peruvian pepper , also known as American pepper , Peruvian peppertree , escobilla , false pepper , rosé pepper , molle del Peru , pepper tree , peppercorn tree , California pepper tree , pirul , Peruvian mastic , Anacahuita or Aguaribay and Pepperina )

210-575: A street tree in the early twentieth century, in part because it hosts black scale , a scale insect which threatened the Citrus groves of Southern California. The trees also tend to heave up sidewalks with their roots, produce suckers, and interfere with buried telephone wires and sewer pipes. Many of the oldest trees were uprooted and new street plantings were banned in the citrus colonies ( Los Angeles banned new street plantings in 1930). The tree reproduces through seed, suckers and cuttings. The seeds have

252-567: Is a commercial and transportation center for the surrounding region, the largest city of Chubut, and an important export point for a leading Argentine petroleum district. A 1,770 km pipeline conveys natural gas from Comodoro Rivadavia to Buenos Aires . Founded by decree on February 23, 1901, as a port for the inland settlement of Sarmiento , the first settler was Francisco Pietrobelli. Early settlers included Boers escaping British rule in South Africa , as well as Welsh settlers. The town

294-479: Is a quick growing evergreen tree that grows up to 15 meters (50 feet) tall and wide. It is the largest of all Schinus species and potentially the longest lived. The upper branches of the tree tend to droop. The tree's pinnately compound leaves measure 8–25 cm long × 4–9 cm wide and are made up of 19–41 alternate leaflets. Male and female flowers occur on separate plants ( dioecious ). Flowers are small, white and borne profusely in panicles at

336-520: Is also invasive throughout much of Australia in a range of habitats from grasslands to dry open forest and coastal areas, as well as railway sidings and abandoned farms. Although not related to commercial pepper ( Piper nigrum ) the pink/red berries are sold as pink peppercorns and often blended with commercial pepper. The fruit and leaves are, however, potentially poisonous to poultry, pigs, and possibly calves. Records also exist of young children who have experienced vomiting and diarrhea after eating

378-573: Is also used as a raw material in perfumery. There is archaeological evidence that the Wari state of the Middle Horizon (600–1000 AD) used the drupes of S. molle extensively for producing chicha , a fermented alcoholic beverage. Archaeological excavations at the Quilcapampa site in southern Peru , found evidence that the Wari used seeds from the vilca tree ( Anadenanthera colubrina ) and combined

420-607: Is an evergreen tree that grows to 15 meters (50 feet). It is native to an area from the Peruvian Andes to southern Brazil. The bright pink fruits of Schinus molle are often sold as "pink peppercorns" although S. molle is unrelated to black pepper ( Piper nigrum ). The word molle in Schinus molle comes from mulli , the Quechua word for the tree. The tree is host to the pepper-tree moth, Bombycomorpha bifascia . Schinus molle

462-563: Is divided into: Centro, Loma and Civico neighbourhood. The Northern Area is divided into: The commercial and industrial activities of the city are the most important in the region. The main activities of the city are: production of chemical products, elaborated concrete, salter, fabrication of industrial houses, shipyard, metallurgical products, refrigerated products, industrial factories, casting, textile industry, blocks and bricks, and cement. The oil production started in Chubut in 1907, when

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504-421: Is low, though the winter months receive more precipitation than in summer. Comodoro Rivadavia had a population of 182,631 inhabitants in 2010, compared to 135,632 in 2001 and 124,104 in 1991. The city grew by about a third between 2001 and 2010, compared to an increase of 9.2% between 1991 and 2001. The national average was of around 11% in both periods, representing a notable acceleration in population growth for

546-545: Is one of the southernmost locations in the world to have one. While the city receives just over 250 mm of rain annually, its relatively low evapotranspiration rate causes it to fall under this climate, as opposed to the arid (desert) category. Summer is warm to hot and dry with an average temperature of 19.7 °C (67.5 °F) in January. Winter is mild with an average temperature of 6.8 °C (44.2 °F) in July. Precipitation

588-649: Is the home of the basketball team Gimnasia y Esgrima (Comodoro Rivadavia) . Other local basketball clubs are Nautico and Federacion Deportiva. The most popular football clubs are CAI (Comisión de Actividades Infantiles), Huracán, which plays in the Argentine Tournament "B" and Club Atlético Jorge Newbery. Comodoro Rivadavia also has a football league in which many teams participate; the principal teams are Jorge Newbery, Huracán and Petroquímica. There are other clubs such as Tiro Federal, Universitario, Ferroviario, Usma, Tiro Federal and Portugues, which are located in

630-555: Is the most populated in the city. The neighbourhoods are: Jorge Newbery, San Martin, 1311 Viviendas, Cerro Solo, Ñaco, San Cayetano, Francisco Pietrobelli, Las Flores, La Floresta, Máximo Abasolo, Moure, Cordón Forestal, Quirno Costa, Maestro Isidro Quiroga, Juan XIII, San Isidro Labrador, 9 de Julio, 13 de Diciembre, Julio A. Roca, Juan Manuel de Pueyrredon, 30 de Octubre, LU4, Abel Amaya, Industrial, Stella Maris, Ceferino Namuncurá, Jose Fuchs, Balcón del Paraiso, Covipex, Rincón del Diablo, 311 Viviendas and Humberto Beghin. The Downtown area

672-503: The Bishop is, since 2005, Virginio Domingo Bressanelli . The Cathedral is dedicated to San Juan Bosco , the only cathedral in the world dedicated to the founder of the Salesian Order . It was inaugurated in 1979, although the crypt itself had been dedicated in 1949. Rada Tilly is a beach resort and now suburb 12 km south of Comodoro. The National Museum of Petroleum is located in

714-528: The General Mosconi neighbourhood 3 km north of central Comodoro Rivadavia. It was opened in 1987 by the state-owned oil company YPF . Comodoro Rivadavia is served by General Enrique Mosconi International Airport (Airport Code CRD/SAVC) with daily flights to Buenos Aires and many other Patagonian cities, as it is the main hub of LADE . The urgency to define short routes to transport products from Colonia Sarmiento and bring them to that village created

756-491: The "California pepper tree" to many. The tree had romantic associations with the state's Spanish missions – by the 1870s "the pepper tree had become as familiar a visual trope as the padres' sandals and staffs." They were also valued for their shade and tolerance of semi-arid conditions, and thus were planted along new avenues in the cities of Southern California. In 1911, an editorial in the Los Angeles Times celebrated

798-564: The First A League of Comodoro Rivadavia. Land yachting has become very popular in the city and the beaches of Rada Tilly , together with the windy climate, are ideal to practise the sport. The World Championship of Landyachting was held in 2008 in Rada Tilly . Escalante Department Escalante Department is a department of Chubut Province in Argentina . The provincial subdivision has

840-622: The Portuguese army at the Rio Plata . The settlement was renamed Comodoro Rivadavia on February 23, 1901 by decree of the national government, in homage to the illustrious marine, grandson of the great statesman and first Argentine president, Bernardino Rivadavia . In 1903 six hundred Afrikaner families arrived in Argentina following the loss of the Second Boer War and were given farming land in

882-467: The area has been turning its attention to wind power . Windmills on Cerro Chenque and surrounding hills comprise South America 's largest wind farm and provide 20% of Comodoro's energy needs. Comodoro Rivadavia features a cold semi-desert climate ( BSk ) according to the Köppen climate classification , and it has a subtropical climate — all 12 monthly means >6°C as per John Griffiths — and

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924-454: The beginning of the same decade twenty wells were drilled. Between 1977 and 1986, 100 million m oil were drilled from San Jorge gulf, in the meantime the oil reserves reached 40 million m; in 1979 the San Jorge gulf production reached 10,124,022 m of oil. Until 2001, 5,300 wells were drilled, of which 3,000 were economically productive. As a result of the exploratory activities developed during

966-475: The century, the remaining reserves reach 182.017 million m of oil. San Jorge gulf is the leader in oil extraction. 46,000 m per day are extracted in the zone, representing 46% of total crude oil production in the nation. Comodoro Rivadavia is situated in the south of Argentina in the province of Chubut, on the coast of San Jorge Gulf. It was necessary to create a port in the area of San Jorge Gulf in order to have shorter routes for transporting products from and to

1008-571: The city in comparison to Argentina. The city size places Comodoro Rivadavia as the 20th largest city of the country and the largest in South Patagonia , which goes from Chubut to Tierra del Fuego . Comodoro Rivadavia is the biggest city to the south of the Colorado River. The city developed from the oil camps which evolved into neighbourhoods. The city is divided into three main areas: North Area, South Area and Downtown Area. The South Area

1050-723: The construction of the first storage shed on June 26 in the place indicated years before by a Schinus molle trunk. Commodore Rivadavia became the first Argentine marine to anchor his corvette in Rada Tilly in March 1891, while he was reconnoitering the area to control the displacement of the Chilean Army in the Argentine south. The village was named after the Spanish marine Francisco Everardo Tilly y Paredes, who during 1794 and 1795 gave combat and defeated

1092-492: The development of the town, further accelerated in the late 1950s by President Arturo Frondizi 's oil campaign to foster the installation of numerous foreign companies. The city evolved around this industry, and even today when this panorama has changed substantially, it is still called the "National Oil Capital." The beach village Rada Tilly was founded on July 24, 1948, and today is an important hub for tourism in Argentina . Oil production has begun to decline in quantity but

1134-571: The discovery due to Argentinian law which decrees that all mineral deposits belong to the state. Therefore, most of the town's Afrikaans settlers moved on to Sarmiento and surrounding regions to set up farms there. The discovery of oil in 1907 boosted economic growth in Comodoro Rivadavia. By the end of 1919, most of the 1719 workers were given accommodation in small metal sheet houses without any heating or electric light with temperatures below zero and winds near 100 km/h. The establishment of Yacimientos Petrolíferos Fiscales (YPF) in 1922 led to

1176-544: The ends of the drooping branches. The fruit are 5–7 mm diameter round drupes with woody seeds that turn from green to red, pink or purplish, carried in dense clusters of hundreds of berries that can be present year round. The rough grayish bark is twisted and drips sap. The bark, leaves and berries are aromatic when crushed. Schinus molle is native to the arid zone of northern South America and Peru's Andean deserts, extending to central Argentina and central Chile . It has, however, become widely naturalized around

1218-546: The existence of the Tehuelche people , who lived in the area of Rada Tilly some 9000 years ago. This information was confirmed by Father Brea, who some years ago contributed to this theory with the discovery of utensils and human remains near Rada Tilly. It is widely known that the Tehuelche, who came from the north of Patagonia during the warm summer, used to make camp where Rada Tilly is today. The English navigator Robert FitzRoy

1260-470: The first state-owned oil company in the world, was created by President Hipólito Yrigoyen 's government. This company helped the society by improving the construction of houses, providing new jobs and health care. Engineer Enrique Mosconi was in charge of running the company. By 1933, 1,648 wells had been drilled in Comodoro Rivadavia; 88.9% of them were economically productive. In 1935 the First Oil Law

1302-713: The fruit. Presently Schinus molle lacks generally recognized as safe (GRAS) status with the United States Food and Drug Administration . Extracts of S. molle have been used as a flavor in drinks and syrups. In traditional medicine, S. molle was used in treating a variety of wounds and infections due to its antibacterial and antiseptic properties. It has also been used as an antidepressant and diuretic, and for toothache, rheumatism and menstrual disorders, with recent studies in mice providing possible support for its antidepressant effects. It has also been speculated that S. molle 's insecticidal properties make it

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1344-486: The hallucinogenic drug with the chicha . The Inca used the sweet outer part of ripe fruit to make a drink. Berries were rubbed carefully to avoid mixing with the bitter inner parts, the mix strained and then left for a few days to produce a drink. It was also boiled down for syrup or mixed with maize to make nourishing gruel. In the late 19th century, S. molle was planted abundantly in California and became known as

1386-473: The lands around Comodoro Rivadavia. However, due to a shortage of water, they had to bring water in by ox wagon with the lack of it being a big impediment to the development of the settlement. At the Afrikaners' insistence drilling began in 1907 in an effort to look for water but instead they struck oil. Although much of the oil was discovered on land given to Afrikaans settlers, they could not benefit directly from

1428-450: The necessity of a port in the area of San Jorge Gulf . This necessity made possible the foundation of Comodoro Rivadavia, today capital of petroleum in Argentina. The first governor of Gobernación Nacional del Chubut was Colonel Luis Jorge Fontana , who traveled around the whole extension attributed to Chubut commanding a numerous group of Welsh immigrants in 1885. American researcher Junius Bird and Finnish geographer Väinö Auer confirmed

1470-507: The pepper tree: "One of the first features to grip the eastern tourist when visiting this favored winter resort is the wonderful feathery foliage and the gorgeous scarlet berries of this matchless shade tree, giving, as it does, a pleasant air of holiday making and a wealth of tropical color to the Californian landscape...Why, the pepper tree has become an integral part of life in the sunny Southland." However, S. molle fell out of favor as

1512-550: The repair and building of ships in a roofed space without the weather affecting the activity. The shipyard has three travelling cranes of 8 tons each. Works made in the shipyard include the building of eolic mill towers and oil buoys. The port facilities include: The city also is home to a factory that produces concrete, property of Petroquimica Comodoro Rivadavia S.A. It produces different types of concrete: Standard Portland, Puzolanic, BCA, ARI, bricklaying concrete Caltex, concrete for oil industry. The total production of concrete for

1554-485: The town of Sarmiento, situated 180 km away from the city of Comodoro Rivadavia. Since 1908, the small and weak port Maciel received passengers and shipments that arrived at the city of Comodoro Rivadavia. It was built of wood and only could support small ships. In 1923, the construction of the port started. In 1926 the construction was stopped, but in 1928 it was resumed. The shipyard has two parallel industrial facilities of 70 meters long and 4 meters wide. This allows

1596-505: The world. It is known for its strong wood used for saddles, and was one of the Spanish colonies' supply sources for saddles. It has also been used for spice production, but is mainly planted as an ornamental tree . S. molle is a drought-tolerant, long-lived, hardy evergreen species that has become a serious invasive weed internationally. In South Africa, for example, S. molle has invaded savanna and grasslands and become naturalized along drainage lines and roadsides in semi-desert. It

1638-519: The year 2002 was 228,000 tons. The wind farm of Comodoro Rivadavia has a capacity of 18,820 kW with 26 generators, and is the most important in Latin America. Plans exist to connection it the national energy, which could allow the sale of energy to other regions. The most important sports in the city of Comodoro Rivadavia are basketball, football and car racing, among others such as land yachting , judo, rugby and athletics. Comodoro Rivadavia

1680-515: Was named in honour of shipping minister Martín Rivadavia , a proponent of the development of Southern Argentina. It has been prosperous since 1907, when a drilling crew searching for water struck oil at a depth of 539 meters. The city is the home of the main faculty of the National University of Patagonia San Juan Bosco . Its cathedral is the seat of the Diocese of Comodoro Rivadavia , of which

1722-581: Was passed. It established that the National and provincial States would receive as contribution the 12% of the Gross Product from all oil drilling, which is still in effect. In 1958, Law Number 14,773 was signed by President Arturo Frondizi , establishing that the Government had exclusive ownership over all oil fields. The most important oil fields discovered during the 60's were El Huemul and Piedra Clavada. At

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1764-599: Was the first to mention its existence in a navigation chart. On March 10, 1889, Francisco Pietrobelli, accompanied by the Tehuelche man Sainajo and Marcelo Pereira, came to Rada Tilly following FitzRoy's navigation charts in search of an anchoring place to set up a deep-water port where deep-draft ships could stop to supply the flourishing Colonia Sarmiento. The corvette La Argentina , commanded by Commodore Martín Rivadavia , arrived near Mount Chenque in an exploratory mission and settled an anchorage place now called Kilometro 5, Caleta Córdova or Punta Borjas. Pietrobelli completed

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