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109-691: The Utah Inland Port Authority is a government-run corporation with the responsibility and legal powers to develop and run the Utah Inland Port. As of August 2022, its current executive director is Ben Hart. The Port Authority is governed by a Port Authority Board. Per Utah Code, eight board members are appointed, and seven hold their post ex officio The current board chair is Utah House of Representatives Chief of Staff Abby Osborne; its previous chairs include World Trade Center Executive Director Miles Hansen, West Valley Assistant Manager Nicole Cottle, Salt Lake City Councilman James Rogers, and President and CEO of

218-514: A 951 area code telephone number). The Coachella Valley region of Palm Springs , Palm Desert , and Indio is located much farther east in Riverside County (the distance between the city of San Bernardino and Palm Springs is approximately 50 miles) and is part of the much larger 760 area code . This area is sometimes considered a sub-region of the Inland Empire or its own separate region,

327-427: A further 375,000 or another 9 percent to reach 4.6 million. According to census bureau's 2005–2007 estimates 61.8 percent of the population was White (40.4 percent White Non-Hispanic), 7.5 percent Black , 5.7 percent Asian and 25.0 percent of other or mixed race. 43.9 percent were Hispanic of any race. 21.9 percent of the population was foreign born. There is a large Mexican community in Inland Empire. Filipinos are

436-469: A lack of substantial public transportation in the Greater Los Angeles Area, this has led to traffic congestion and degradation in air quality for the Inland Empire. The solution to these problems is not simple. The presence of so many city governments within the Inland Empire, which often have different 'visions' for their own municipalities, means that two cities in the region rarely agree on

545-547: A lawsuit against the port, challenging the legality of the legislation underlying the port's creation. On January 9, 2020, the presiding judge rejected the city's claims and dismissed the case. The city's new mayor, Erin Mendenhall , called the decision a "disappointment" but stated she planned to appeal the decision to the state Supreme Court. The Utah State Supreme Court heard oral arguments from both parties in April 2021. In June 2022,

654-422: A local economic downturn. The region as a whole had partially recovered from this downturn by the start of the 21st century through the development of warehousing, shipping, logistics and retail industries, primarily centered around Ontario. During the 2008 Recession , industry suffered heavily but had begun to recover by 2010. Physical boundaries between Los Angeles and the Inland Empire from west to east are

763-450: A major thoroughfare, today runs from Highland to San Dimas , intermittently along the absolute baseline coordinates plotted by Col. Washington. San Bernardino County was first formed out of parts of Los Angeles County on April 26, 1853. While the partition once included what is today most of Riverside County , the region is not as monolithic as it may sound. Rivalries between Colton , Redlands , Riverside and San Bernardino over

872-793: A member of the House of Lords. This entitlement was abolished in 1999 . Since then, only the Earl Marshal and the Lord Great Chamberlain (offices that are themselves hereditary) remain ex officio ; another 90 hereditary peers are elected by and from among those eligible. The Prime Minister of the United Kingdom is ex officio the First Lord of the Treasury . The Lord President of the Court of Session

981-548: A mistake. In April 2019, environmental activists disrupted the port board's monthly meeting. In May 2019, environmental advocates demonstrated against the port. On June 5, 2019, protestors disrupted the Inland Port Authority board meeting. On July 9, 2019, about 100 protestors stormed the Salt Lake Chamber of Commerce building to protest the port. Fourteen were later charged with riot and criminal trespass after

1090-509: A need to perform additional studies on environmental impacts and the effect on tax revenues. Also in 2016, Governor Gary Herbert created an Inland Port Exploratory Committee to "drive the development" of an inland port in Utah. At the time, he stated that "despite anti-trade, isolationist rhetoric at the national level, Utah remains committed to promoting international trade." The Inland Port Authority and Inland Port were created as legal entities by

1199-436: A nonattainment status already. The Inland Port is located in non-attainment zones for several airborne pollutants, meaning that current air quality standards are not met. Critics argue that the presence of an inland port would increase diesel truck traffic in the area and therefore further exacerbate poor air quality in Utah . Also, language adopted in the Utah code makes it difficult to regulate natural resources moving through

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1308-420: A population of about 4.6 million in 2020. At the end of the 19th century, the Inland Empire was a major center of agriculture, including citrus, dairy, and winemaking. Agriculture declined through the 20th century, and since the 1970s a rapidly growing population, fed by families migrating in search of affordable housing, has led to more residential, industrial, and commercial development. The term Inland Empire

1417-449: A problem for vehicles left unattended in the region. The Inland Empire does not have a particularly extensive or robust public transportation system. Due to the large physical size and sprawl of the region, the primary means of transportation in the region is the automobile. Less than five percent of the IE's 1,249,224 working-age residents use public transportation to get to work. Omnitrans

1526-455: A result of affordable housing, at least relative to the rest of Southern California, but most of the higher paying jobs are located in Los Angeles, San Diego and Orange counties. Thus, many workers must commute daily from the Inland Empire to their jobs in these counties—sometimes up to two hours each direction—and even longer if by public transportation. As the population increases, the problem

1635-524: A solution; just as common, they may have unequal means for implementing one even if they were to agree. Having no region-wide governmental planning organization may undermine any solution that could be proposed. Lastly, the fast pace at which development occurs versus the limited ability of government to respond to changes means that it could easily take years, if not decades, for a viable solution (such as new roads, transit systems, or pollution controls) to go into effect. The Inland Empire routinely has some of

1744-574: Is ex officio Chairman of Rajya Sabha , the Upper House of the Indian Parliament. The Prime Minister of India is ex officio Chairman of NITI Aayog . Other ex officio members of NITI Aayog are the Minister of Home Affairs , the Minister of Finance , the Minister of Railways , and the Minister of Agriculture and Farmers' Welfare . Former Presidents are ex officio members for life of

1853-455: Is a member of a body (notably a board, committee, or council) who is part of it by virtue of holding another office. The term ex officio is Latin , meaning literally 'from the office', and the sense intended is 'by right of office'; its use dates back to the Roman Republic . According to Robert's Rules of Order , the term denotes only how one becomes a member of a body. Accordingly,

1962-463: Is a very good or fairly good place to live, while about 72 percent of residents in San Bernardino County felt the same way. Survey respondents cited "nice living area", "good climate", and "affordable housing" as the top positive factors in assessing their respective communities. Smog was by far the most important negative factor affecting respondents' ratings in both counties, while traffic was

2071-715: Is by virtue of office appointed as Lord Justice General of Scotland. As such, they are both head of the judiciary of Scotland , president of the Court of Session (the most senior civil court in Scotland ), and president of the High Court of Justiciary (the most senior criminal court in Scotland). The Vice President of the United States , who also serves as President of the Senate , may vote in

2180-540: Is documented to have been used by the Riverside Enterprise newspaper (now The Press-Enterprise ) as early as April 1914. Developers in the area likely introduced the term to promote the region and to highlight the area's unique features. The "Inland" part of the name is derived from the region's location, generally about 60 miles (97 km) inland from Los Angeles and the Pacific Ocean. Originally, this area

2289-507: Is larger than 31 football fields but, more recently, 5,000,000 sqft warehouses are common. These centers operate as part of the system that transports finished goods and materials from the ports of Los Angeles and Long Beach to destinations to the north and east such as Las Vegas , Phoenix , and Denver . More than 80 percent of the state's imported cargo is shipped through the Los Angeles/Inland Empire Corridor. During

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2398-409: Is larger than ten U.S. states — West Virginia , Maryland , Hawaii , Massachusetts , Vermont , New Hampshire , New Jersey , Connecticut , Delaware and Rhode Island . The U.S. Census Bureau –defined Riverside–San Bernardino–Ontario metropolitan area, which comprises Riverside County and San Bernardino County, California , covers more than 27,000 sq mi (70,000 km ) and had

2507-720: Is most certainly going to get worse. Forbes magazine ranked the area first in its 2007 list of most unhealthy commutes in the United States, beating out every other metropolitan area in the country, as Inland area drivers breathe the unhealthiest air and have the highest rate of fatal auto accidents per capita. According to a 1999 report by the Surface Transportation Policy Project, the Inland Empire leads in fatal crashes caused by road rage . The theft of copper, brass and other metals from highway and road fixtures has also led to decreased public safety on IE roads and freeways. Gas siphoning has also been noted as

2616-519: Is occasionally included within the Inland Empire. Some residents of certain areas, such as Twentynine Palms or the Coachella and Temecula valleys, may consider themselves separate from the IE. The California Travel and Tourism Commission (CTTC), a not-for-profit, nongovernmental entity that promotes tourism in California, divides the state into several regions for its own purposes. The CTTC defines

2725-400: Is one of the least educated areas of the state with the lowest average in annual wages in the country. A 2006 study of salaries in 51 metropolitan areas of the country ranked the Inland Empire second to last, with an average annual wage of $ 36,924. Nonetheless, inexpensive land prices and innovative institutional support networks have attracted some small businesses and technology startups into

2834-525: Is sometimes considered to include the desert communities of the Coachella and Victor Valleys , respectively on the other sides of the San Gorgonio Pass and San Bernardino Mountains from the Santa Ana River watershed that forms the bulk of the Inland Empire; a much broader definition includes all of Riverside and San Bernardino counties. The combined land area of the counties of the Inland Empire

2943-734: Is the chosen route for connecting California High-Speed Rail service to San Diego. While a final alignment has yet to be finalized, concepts include stops at the Ontario International Airport, in Riverside, San Bernardino, Corona, and Temecula or Murrieta. These would occur as part of Phase II, however, which currently remains unfunded. Several airports are located in the Inland Empire. San Bernardino International Airport , Ontario International Airport and Palm Springs International Airport are commercial airports in their respective cities. A local joint powers agency has redeveloped

3052-633: Is the largest bus agency in San Bernardino County, while the Riverside Transit Agency (RTA) is the largest in Riverside County. Currently, some of Omnitrans' bus routes run on headways of an hour or more, and some routes stop service in the early evening or may not run on weekends. SunLine Transit Agency provides bus service in the Coachella Valley while the Victor Valley Transit Authority (VVTA) provides transit service in

3161-637: Is the second largest metropolitan region in the country. The Metropolitan Statistical Area population of the Inland Empire (Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario, CA Metropolitan Statistical Area) itself is more than 4.2 million people and is the 12th largest metropolitan area in the United States . According to the 2000 U.S. Census, it is the fastest growing area in the state. Between 1990 and 2000, Riverside and San Bernardino counties added 700,000 to their population totals, an increase of 26 percent. Between 2000 and 2010 Inland Empire's population expanded by 970,000 or 30 percent, and between 2010 and 2020 it expanded by

3270-504: The Democrats (34 percent) slightly edged over the number identifying with the Republican party (33 percent). In the 2008 presidential election , Democratic candidate Barack Obama carried both Riverside and San Bernardino counties, becoming only the second Democrat to carry both counties since Lyndon Johnson in 1964. In 2012 , Obama repeated this feat and again carried both counties, and

3379-683: The High Desert , including to Barstow after the transit systems in the latter was merged into VVTA in 2015. Other operators in the region include Pass Transit serving the Banning Pass area, Needles Area Transit serving the city of Needles, Mountain Transit serving the communities in the San Bernardino Mountains including Lake Arrowhead, Big Bear, Running Springs, and Crestline, and the MBTA serving

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3488-447: The IE ) is a metropolitan area and region inland of and adjacent to coastal Southern California , centering around the cities of San Bernardino and Riverside , and bordering Los Angeles County and Orange County to the west and San Diego County to the south. The bulk of the population is centered in the cities of northwestern Riverside County and southwestern San Bernardino County , and

3597-605: The Inland Center mall in San Bernardino . In fiscal year 2006, retail sales in San Bernardino County grew by 11.9 percent to $ 31.2 billion, while sales in Riverside County were up 11.3 percent to $ 29.6 billion. The result of this ongoing development has resulted in greater homeownership for the region. Although the region saw an uptick in jobs over the past decade, it is not a heavy employment center, and many residents commute to Los Angeles and Orange counties for their work. With

3706-620: The March Air Reserve Base and Stringfellow Acid Pits have contaminated groundwater in parts of Riverside County. In 1997, perchlorate , a chemical used to produce explosives, was discovered to be seeping into the groundwater under Rialto in a plume that continues to grow. In 2007, the Rialto city council petitioned the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) for Superfund status to clean up

3815-811: The President of Botswana and the Speaker of the National Assembly serve as the chamber's two ex-officio members. In the Empire of Brazil , some princes became members by right of the Imperial Senate once they turned 25. In the current Constitution of Brazil , the President of the Federal Senate is an ex officio President of the National Congress , even though this office doesn't exist officially. Judges of

3924-889: The San Jose Hills splitting the San Gabriel Valley from the Pomona Valley , leading to the urban populations centered in the San Bernardino Valley . From the south to north, the Santa Ana Mountains physically divide Orange County from Riverside County. The Santa Rosa Mountains , as well as the Southern California portion of the Sonoran Desert , physically divide Riverside County from San Diego County. Elevations range from 11,499 ft (3,505 m) at

4033-564: The Senate . In Congress , the presiding officers and their deputies, and the majority and minority leaders, are ex officio members of all committees. The chairman on each chamber's committee on rules is the majority leader. The Senate President is the ex officio chairman of the Commission on Appointments , but can only vote on ties. In the Judicial and Bar Council , several positions are due to occupying another office. In provincial boards ,

4142-660: The Tijuana area in Mexico. Orange County and San Diego County are completely encompassed within the megaregion. There is no universally accepted definition for the boundaries of the Inland Empire region. Some sources such as the Los Angeles Times have referred to Riverside County and San Bernardino County as the Inland Empire, mirroring the Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario metropolitan area. Kern County

4251-505: The barangay council . The ex officio members have the same rights and privileges as the regular members of each legislature. The deputies of local chief executives (vice governors and vice mayors) are ex officio presiding officers of their respective legislatures, but can only vote when there is a tie . Russian Prime Minister , chairmans of State Duma and Federation Council , Chief of Staff and heads of federal subjects are ex officio members of State Council (an advisory body to

4360-708: The ex officio members include the secretaries of departments , i.e. the Chief Secretary , the Financial Secretary and the Secretary for Justice . Since 2002 all secretaries of bureaux are also appointed by the Chief Executive to be official members of the Executive Council. But since 2005 the secretaries of bureaux attend only when items on the agenda concern their portfolios. The Vice-President of India

4469-457: The freeway system in the area facilitated the expansion of suburbs and human migration throughout the Inland Empire and Southern California. The region experienced significant economic and population growth through most of the latter half of the 20th century. In the early 1990s, the loss of the region's military bases and reduction of nearby defense industries due to the end of the Cold War led to

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4578-487: The 1950s, the area has changed from a rural to a suburban environment. The region now comprises numerous cities known as bedroom communities that are suburban cities to Los Angeles, Orange County, and San Diego. Affordable home ownership is the primary motivation behind the growth in these Inland Empire cities as homes in the region are generally less expensive than comparable homes in Los Angeles and Orange counties, but

4687-534: The Desert Empire. This is to help differentiate it from the urbanized area containing the cities of San Bernardino and Riverside. The RPA definition includes the Inland Empire ( San Bernardino – Riverside ) in the Southern California Megaregion, alongside Anaheim , Bakersfield , Huntington Beach , Long Beach , Los Angeles , San Diego , the geographically separate Las Vegas Valley , as well as

4796-809: The Federal Court are ex officio members of the Federal Court of Appeal, and vice-versa. According to the Constitution of the Chinese Communist Party , the General Secretary of the Central Committee must be a member of Politburo Standing Committee . As of 2022 , the Executive Council of Hong Kong is still composed of ex officio members (official members since 1997) and unofficial members (non-official members since 1997). By practice

4905-593: The Inland Empire a major shipping hub . Some of the nation's largest manufacturing companies have chosen the Inland Empire for their distribution facilities including Toyota Motor Corporation's North American Parts and Logistics Distribution (NAPLD) center in Ontario and APL Logistics in Rancho Cucamonga . In 2007, Whirlpool Corporation leased a 1,700,000-square-foot (160,000 m ) distribution center in Perris that

5014-472: The Inland Empire and these two counties generally direct, especially to and from Los Angeles County. The Inland Empire has also been referred to as the 909 , after one of the region's most used area codes . In 2004, because of growing demand for telephone numbers, most of western Riverside County was granted a second area code, 951 , which is overlayed with the 909 area code (they have the same physical boundaries and new telephone subscribers likely receive

5123-668: The Inland Empire as being bounded by Los Angeles County and Orange County on the west and San Diego County on the south, stretching as far north as the Victor Valley area and as far east as Idyllwild in the San Jacinto Mountains . The state of California's official website links to the CTTC's map with the description "Map of the Inland Empire region". Other sources, including Kevin Starr , former state librarian of California, include

5232-808: The Inland Empire has been consistently over the national average since 2007. 10.4 percent of Inland residents were unemployed as of August 2013, compared with the national rate of 7.3 percent. Due to the high unemployment and housing foreclosure rates, a higher percentage of Inland residents rely on public assistance. According to the Press-Enterprise, "twelve percent of Riverside County and 17 percent of San Bernardino County residents used food stamps in January 2012", as compared with "11 percent of those living in Los Angeles County, 8 percent of San Diego County residents and 7 percent of Orange County residents". Since

5341-482: The Inland Empire include off-road equipment (e.g., construction equipment, cargo-handling equipment), heavy-duty diesel trucks, ocean-going vessels, passenger vehicles, locomotives, aircraft, and industrial fuel combustion. Southern California is in extreme nonattainment for ozone and severe nonattainment for particle pollution. Multiple state and local efforts are underway to clean up the air, primarily focused on zero emissions vehicles. California has implemented some of

5450-445: The Inland Empire. Additionally, land that was used for agriculture is now being sold by owners for conversion to shopping centers, industrial warehouses , and more. Due to the lack of one central city in the Inland Empire, and the smaller geographical footprint that suburban cities tend to have, this continuous development has become seemingly unplanned suburban sprawl as local interest and zoning laws may quickly change from one city to

5559-414: The Inland Port's presence could create about 11,600 new truck trips and 23,000 additional car trips daily, at half of the Port's developable potential. "By way of comparison, the total number of daily vehicle trips on I-80 between downtown and the [Salt Lake City International] airport was about 42,000 in 2017," the report states. "This traffic would not only affect I-80 but also I-15 and other streets serving

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5668-552: The Inland Port; critics fear the port's presence would ease the export of coal, thus increasing its usage and associated environmental impacts including climate change . State Senator Luz Escamilla introduced a bill in the Utah state legislature that would fund the Utah Department of Environmental Quality to install air and water monitors at the site of the proposed port, to establish baseline readings for future comparison. No official environmental impact study has been completed, although Miller had stated one would be complete by

5777-411: The Mormons left a scant six years later, recalled to Salt Lake City by Brigham Young during the church's Utah War with the U.S. government, other settlers soon followed. The entire landmass of Southern California was subdivided according to the San Bernardino Meridian , which was first plotted as part of the Public Land Survey System in November 1852, by Col. Henry Washington. Base Line Road,

5886-410: The Morongo Basin and Yucca Valley portions of San Bernardino County. Although transit usage and infrastructure remains weak, several projects have moved forward and opened in the 2010s to improve transit accessibility in the region. Major projects include the Perris Valley portion of the Metrolink 91/Perris Valley Line, the San Bernardino Transit Center, and the Omnitrans sbX Green Line, which connects

5995-471: The Pacific Ocean at Newport Beach and Huntington Beach . While temperatures are generally cool to cold in the mountains, it can get hot in the valleys. In the desert resort of Palm Springs , near Joshua Tree National Park , summer temperatures can reach well over 110 °F (43 °C). Unlike most metropolitan areas that have grown up around a central city, the Inland Empire has two main focus cities, Riverside and San Bernardino . Other major cities in

6104-424: The Port area, including Bangerter Highway and 5600 West." The Great Salt Lake is currently at half of its historical size; the shrinkage can be attributed directly to withdrawals for industrial, agricultural and economic activities. Additionally, the ecosystem surrounding the lake is considered to be under severe stress due to the falling water levels and other human activities. Environmental advocates are concerned

6213-404: The Salt Lake Chamber of Commerce Derek Miller. In 2016, the University of Utah submitted an assessment regarding a potential inland port in the Salt Lake City area. Funded by the World Trade Center Utah and the Governor's Office of Economic Development, the report found the potential for strong economic benefits, including high-paying job opportunities, and rural economic development. It also found

6322-423: The Senate on matters decided by a majority vote (as opposed to a three-fifths vote or two-thirds vote ), if the votes for passage and rejection are equally divided. Also the leader of the parties in both houses are ex officio members of the House and Senate intelligence committees . Many committee chairs in the House of Representatives are ex officio members of subcommittees . In most Colorado counties,

6431-408: The State Legislature is unfairly taking control of local land. SB 234 gave the Inland Port Authority administrative authority over all land-use decisions, and the power to capture 100 percent of newly generated taxes within the inland port borders. This would amount to millions of dollars in tax revenue that would not be captured by Salt Lake City for local property taxes. City leaders also assert that

6540-407: The Utah Inland Port Authority board adopted a wetlands policy allowing for at least 1% of tax differential for project areas containing wetlands within the Great Salt Lake or Utah Lake watershed. The policy allows for incentives that encourage developers to preserve wetland habitats impacted by future projects, though it does not explicitly mandate preservation. Salt Lake City leaders have argued that

6649-407: The Utah Inland Port Authority expanded from one inland port area in the northwest quadrant of Salt Lake County, Utah to include seven additional port project areas throughout the state of Utah . In 2024, a ninth satellite port was approved, on 9,000 acres in the Weber River area. A Weber county representative said that major polluters would not be allowed into the satellite port due to it being in

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6758-427: The Utah State Legislature, in bill SB234, in 2018. The boundaries of the port were first spelled out at this time, amounting to about 16,000 acres. In 2019, HB0433 significantly broadened the Inland Port Authority's reach. The proposed boundaries amount to approximately one-third of Salt Lake City's land area. On March 11, 2019, Salt Lake City Mayor Jackie Biskupski and the Salt Lake City's Attorney's Office brought

6867-537: The Utah Supreme Court ruled the port’s existence was not unconstitutional and continued development could proceed. In September 2022, the Port Authority announced it would “pause… all major capital projects” until it develops a “Northwest Quadrant Master Development Plan.” Also in September, a third-party analysis sponsored by activism group Stop the Polluting Port concluded that the proposed transloading facility on Salt Lake City's west end would be uneconomical and fail to provide expected benefits. Beginning in April 2023,

6976-504: The area has increased to try to keep abreast with the growing suburban population. The region is home to several large shopping malls, including the Promenade Shops at Dos Lagos and the Crossings in Corona ; Ontario Mills in Ontario ; Promenade Mall in Temecula ; Galleria at Tyler , Riverside Plaza, and Canyon Crossings in Riverside; The Shoppes at Chino Hills in Chino Hills; Moreno Valley Mall in Moreno Valley ; Victoria Gardens in Rancho Cucamonga ; Montclair Place in Montclair; and

7085-441: The area. While urbanization continues to cut into agricultural lands, the Inland Empire still produces substantial crops. Although 10,000 acres (40 km ) of irrigated land was lost between 2002 and 2004, agriculture still brought in more than $ 1.6 billion in revenues to the two-county region in 2006. Being a MSA, aggregate GDP figures are reported by the Bureau of Economic Analysis annually. The Inland Empire ranks 25th in

7194-428: The bill stated its goal was to allow other interested cities or counties to join the port project. The land the port would be built on was once considered sacred by the Shoshone , Ute and Goshute Indian tribes. The bill establishing the Inland Port was passed by the Utah Legislature with broad changes from earlier versions with little time for public comment and review. The bill was discussed for only 15 minutes on

7303-415: The board did away with subcommittee meetings altogether. The board's ex-chair, Derek Miller - who is also the chair of the Salt Lake Chamber of Commerce - sent an email in October 2019 inviting a national rail business a spot on the chamber's "exclusive" Inland Port Committee, in exchange for $ 10,000. Critics have suggested this represents a "pay-to-play" impropriety. Miller later called the fundraising email

7412-407: The boundaries currently set, and prohibited any city from bringing legal action against the port, or any other challenge to the authority's creation or existence. In the runup to its passage, Jackie Biskupski stated "this bill effectively creates a government entity, not only unaccountable to the community but immune from judicial scrutiny, closing the courtroom door to local communities." Supporters of

7521-432: The cities of Loma Linda and San Bernardino, two universities, and the Loma Linda VA Hospital to the San Bernardino Transit Center. In addition to sbX, there are other express services available to public transportation users in the region. RTA operates a BRT-lite system in the RapidLink Gold Line, which runs from UCR to the Corona Transit Center . Due to the physical size of the Inland Empire, transit connections between

7630-439: The city of Perris initiated a program to paint the brown lawns of abandoned homes green as a way to reduce the appearance of blight . In 2019, the "bedroom community" nature of the Inland Empire led to a plan to increase the construction of new housing in coastal cities (known as "job centers") preferentially versus building more housing in the Inland Empire areas. Meghan Sahli-Wells, mayor of Culver City, said that she supported

7739-406: The coastal plan because of the urgent nature of climate change. However, the plan was described as "toothless". The attractiveness of Inland Empire cities for warehousing and logistics has resulted in warehouses being built incrementally closer and closer to residential areas. With air pollution from diesel-powered transport trucks being a serious and cumulative concern for human health, an effort

7848-590: The county sheriff is elected by the citizens of the county. However, in the City and County of Denver , the mayor of Denver appoints a "Manager of Safety" who oversees the Department of Safety (including the Fire, Police, and Sheriff Departments) and is the ex officio sheriff of the jurisdiction. Similarly, in the City and County of Broomfield, Colorado , near Denver, the police chief (an appointed position) also acts ex officio as

7957-517: The county sheriff. The Speaker of the New York City Council , and its Majority and Minority Leaders, are all ex officio members of each of its committees. Furthermore, each member of the Council is a non-voting ex officio member of each community board whose boundaries include any of the council member's constituents. Inland Empire The Inland Empire (commonly abbreviated as

8066-416: The creation of the inland port would take tax revenue that would otherwise have gone to Salt Lake City schools and libraries. The Utah League of Cities & Towns called the creation of the Inland Port Authority "nothing short of a state takeover of a swath of Salt Lake City without the city's consent." Prior to the passage of SB 234, Salt Lake City had approved a master plan that governed the development of

8175-413: The decommissioned Norton Air Force Base into San Bernardino International Airport . There are also several general aviation airports in the region. The region is making some progress in developing dedicated bicycle commuter and recreation trails. The largest of these, the Santa Ana River bicycle path , currently connects Corona to Huntington Beach, and is eventually projected to stretch for 84 miles all

8284-404: The eastern Los Angeles County cities of the Pomona Valley , such as Claremont , Pomona , La Verne , San Dimas , and Diamond Bar . Other sources also include cities in Los Angeles County within the boundaries. Inexpensive land prices (compared with Los Angeles and Orange counties), a large supply of vacant land, and a transport network where many highways and railroads intersect have made

8393-536: The first quarter of 2019. A final draft of the port's overall business plan - with an environmental sustainability plan included - was released in May 2020. It was approved unanimously by the board the next month despite negative public comments. Similar warehouse complexes in central California's Inland Empire area have seen increased truck exhaust, being colloquially dubbed "diesel death zones" and leading to additional regulations on emissions. A critical analysis estimates

8502-658: The floor of the state legislature. "The citizens of the Westpointe Community Council, which encompasses most of the [area of the inland port], believe the Legislature's late introduction of this bill (SB234) is by design to impede fair and proper citizen and stakeholder due process," said Terry Thomas, vice chairman of the community council. Greg Hughes , who was the Speaker of the Utah House of Representatives when HB 234

8611-504: The head of state). President of Russia is an ex officio chairman of it, as well as Security Council . In the House of Lords , the bishops of the five Great Sees of Canterbury , York , London , Durham , and Winchester are ex officio members, and are entitled to vote just as any other Lord Spiritual. Formerly, anyone holding a title in the Peerage of the United Kingdom was ex officio

8720-522: The importation of navel and Valencia orange trees in the 1870s touched off explosive growth, with the area quickly becoming a major center for citrus production . This agricultural boom continued with the arrival of water from the Colorado River and the rapid growth of Los Angeles in the early 20th century, with dairy farming becoming another staple industry . In 1926, Route 66 (now known as Foothill Boulevard and Interstate 215 ) came through

8829-452: The inland port area, as well as agreements with northwest quadrant landowners committing to reinvest tax revenues into the area to aid development. That master plan and agreements would be superseded by the creation of the inland port. The Salt Lake County Council was not consulted during negotiations over SB 234. The County Council asked Governor Herbert to veto the bill. HB 433 allowed the Inland Port Authority to expand its reach outside of

8938-656: The largest Asian immigrant group in Inland Empire. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention reports that in 2006, 33.1 percent of people in the Greater San Bernardino Area were overweight , and 30.8 percent were obese . In 2019, San Bernardino County found that 34.1% of the county's population were obese, with an additional 34.5% being overweight. A substantial majority of residents (76.6 percent), last comparatively surveyed in 2001, rated their respective counties as good places to live. Over 81 percent of Riverside County residents indicated that their county

9047-583: The late 2010s and early 2020s, Amazon , the largest private employer in the region, has rapidly expanded its facilities and warehouses there, responding to explosive growth in online retailing and shipping and increasing traffic and air pollution. Like most industrial areas, the Inland Empire is vulnerable to the effects of economic recessions. For example, during the global economic downturn of 2008–2009, industrial vacancies doubled from 6.2 percent in 2007 to 12.4 percent to 2008. In San Bernardino and Redlands, vacancies reached 22 percent. The Inland Empire area

9156-491: The location of the county seat in the 1890s caused each of them to form their own civic communities , each with their own newspapers. On August 14, 1893, the state Senate allowed Riverside County to form out of land previously in San Bernardino and San Diego counties, after rejecting a bill for Pomona to split from L.A. County and become the seat of what would have been called San Antonio County. The arrival of rail and

9265-633: The main backbones such as the PE Trail and provide a network of connectivity to nonmotorized users throughout the region. The majority of Inland Empire’s immigrants come from Mexico , the Philippines , El Salvador , Vietnam and Guatemala . The population of the Greater Los Angeles area (which includes the Inland Empire) is about 18 million people according to the 2010 United States Census , and

9374-561: The most aggressive vehicle electrification rules in the country, including the Advanced Clean Cars II rule that will mandate 100% zero-emission passenger vehicle sales in 2035, and the Advanced Clean Fleets rule for trucks that will require all drayage trucks to be zero-emissions starting in 2024 and all trucks to ZEV by 2036. Water pollution has also been found in the Santa Ana River and Cajon wash, and pollutants from

9483-458: The nation with a 2011 GDP of $ 109.8 billion, roughly a third of San Francisco–Oakland–Berkeley, CA Metropolitan Statistical Area despite their close population numbers. Per capita GDP was $ 25,993.34 in 2011, nearly half among the nation's top 50 Gross Metropolitan Product . Due to the housing crisis, the GDP fell from $ 114.8 billion in 2007, despite a heavy influx of residents. The unemployment rate in

9592-408: The next city. The Inland Empire was declared the nation's worst example of sprawl according to a study by Smart Growth America in 2002. During the housing bubble collapse of the late 2000s, foreclosures rose by 3,500 percent. In 2010, the area ranked fourth in the nation in the number of foreclosures, with one filing for every 133 households. The problem of abandoned homes became so great that

9701-595: The nodes of the region are primarily served by freeway express services. Transit operators of the IE provide service between major destinations and transit centers around Southern California including the San Bernardino Transit Center , the Montclair Transcenter , Disneyland , Pomona–Downtown station , and Oceanside . The region is also part of the five-county Southern California Regional Rail Authority (SCRRA) " Metrolink " commuter rail system. Of

9810-553: The northern parts of the area, bringing a stream of tourists and migrants to the region. Still, the region endured as the key part of the Southern California "citrus belt" until the end of World War II , when a new generation of real-estate developers bulldozed acres of agricultural land to build suburbs. The precursor to the San Bernardino Freeway , the Ramona Expressway, was built in 1944, and further development of

9919-571: The origin site. The sites comprising March Air Reserve Base , Norton Air Force Base and the Stringfellow Acid Pits have already been classified as EPA Superfund toxic waste sites. Traffic congestion is a major issue in the Inland Empire. Many of the existing freeways were completed in the late 1970s with the exception of the segment of the Foothill Freeway , State Route 210 (SR 210) between San Dimas and San Bernardino , which

10028-432: The port's presence would increase the environmental pressures on the ecosystem and increase water expenditures. ( Joliet, IL , the site of America's largest inland port , is estimated to be less than a decade from running out of water completely. The largest warehouses in the port area use tens of millions of gallons of water yearly.) Millions of migratory birds also use the land as a stopover point yearly. In November 2023,

10137-433: The pricing gap continues to shrink each year due to migration and increasing population. The steady rise in population and the demand for housing has led to a dramatic increase in the building of single-family homes on parcels of 0.25 acres (1,000 m ) or more, as opposed to the construction of high-density development such as multi-story apartment or condominium buildings. This low-density development has caused sprawl in

10246-500: The protests turned violent. On August 14, 2019, a "working group" meeting was disrupted by protestors. On October 17, 2019, activists again protested the Inland Port Authority public board meeting. On September 20, 2021, Protestors gathered outside of the 111 main office of the Port Authority and managed to postpone a meeting designated to create a Public Infrastructure District (PID). Ex officio An ex officio member

10355-572: The provincial presidents of the League of Barangays (villages), Sangguniang Kabataan (youth councils) and of the Philippine Councilors League sit as ex officio board members. In city and municipal councils , the city and municipal presidents of the League of Barangays and the youth councils sit as ex officio councilors. In barangays, the youth council chairman is an ex officio member of

10464-443: The region include Rancho Cucamonga , Ontario , and Corona . Suburban sprawl spreads out to form a connection with the Los Angeles metropolitan area. Further development is steadily, if not heavily, encroaching past the mountains into the outlying desert areas. The Inland Empire borders both Los Angeles and Orange counties. Freeways in Southern California are heavily used, but this comprehensive freeway system has made travel between

10573-536: The rights of an ex officio member are exactly the same as other members unless otherwise stated in regulations or bylaws. It relates to the notion that the position refers to the position the ex officio holds, rather than the individual that holds the position. In some groups, ex officio members may frequently abstain from voting. Opposite notions are dual mandate , when the same person happens to hold two offices or more, although these offices are not in themselves associated; and personal union , when two states share

10682-656: The same monarch. Any ex officio membership (for example, of committees, or of the board) is as defined by the nonprofit association's bylaws or other documents of authority. For example, the bylaws quite often provide that the organization's president will be ex officio a member of all committees, except the nominating committee. The President of the French Republic and the Catholic Bishop of Urgell are by virtue of office ( ex officio ) appointed Co-Princes of Andorra . In Botswana's unicameral National Assembly ,

10791-598: The sbX West Valley Connector, Arrow , the extension of the L Line to Montclair (to become part of the A Line ), and daily train service to the Coachella Valley. Additional routes have also been studied including extending the Metrolink's Perris Valley Line to San Jacinto and Temecula, a passenger rail spur along I-15 to Lake Elsinore, BRT routes throughout the respective service areas of Omnitrans and RTA, and an aerial tram from Highland to Big Bear. The Inland Empire

10900-402: The second highest concern in Riverside County and crime the second highest concern among San Bernardino County residents. While the region as a whole had traditionally leaned more Republican than the rest of California, newer residents are less likely to identify with the Republican party than longer-term residents (36 percent to 42 percent), and the total number of residents identifying with

11009-476: The seven lines that Metrolink operates, four of them directly serve the Inland Empire: Although a robust transit network has been lacking in the region for decades, steps are being made toward developing one in the future. The councils of governments and transportation commissions in both IE counties have identified and are working on future expansions of transit to better serve the region. These include

11118-528: The surrounding desert communities, and a much more widespread definition includes all of San Bernardino and Riverside counties. What is now known as the Inland Empire was inhabited for thousands of years, prior to the late 18th century, by the Tongva , Taaqtam , Ivilyuqaletem and Payómkawichum Native Americans.The first American settlers, a group of Mormon pioneers, arrived over the Cajon Pass in 1851. Although

11227-549: The top of San Gorgonio Mountain to −220 ft (−67 m) at the Salton Sea . The San Bernardino mountains are home to the San Bernardino National Forest and the resort communities of Big Bear Lake , Lake Arrowhead , and Running Springs . The Santa Ana River extends from Mt. San Gorgonio for nearly 100 miles (160 km) through San Bernardino, Riverside, and Orange counties before it eventually spills into

11336-529: The way to Redlands when completed. A shorter trail exists along the former path of the Pacific Electric Railway from Claremont to Rialto. A number of communities have also built trails along the levees and maintenance roads of other waterways in the region, including the CV Link, which is under construction in the Coachella Valley area of the region. Other plans also exist to provide feeder trails to meet

11445-426: The worst air quality in the United States. San Bernardino County and Riverside County are the first and second worst counties in the United States for tropospheric ozone air pollution. Pollution in Southern California mostly is blown from the coast towards the mountains. Inland Empire counties are downwind of the highly populated counties of Los Angeles and Orange County. The largest sources of air pollution affecting

11554-475: Was called the Orange Empire due to the acres of citrus groves which extended from Pasadena to Redlands during the first half of the 20th century. The boundaries of the Inland Empire are nebulous, but the region is generally defined as the cities of western Riverside County and southwestern San Bernardino County, adjacent to the Los Angeles metropolitan area . A broader definition includes Palm Springs and

11663-492: Was completed in July 2007. New freeways or highway "fix-ups" are either in progress or being planned, such as the construction of Mid County Parkway between Perris and San Jacinto or the addition of toll lanes on both I-15 and I-10 through heavily urbanized portions of Riverside and San Bernardino counties. Other problems exist, however, including the imbalance between housing and job availability. The Inland Empire population grew as

11772-448: Was made to impose a 1,000-foot buffer zone (separation distance between residential and commercial land uses) for new construction. However, this effort was not successful, due to local municipal officials giving priority to maximizing the construction of both housing and warehouse facilities, with the goal of maximizing employment as well as property-tax revenue from both the residential and the commercial/industrial sectors. Retailing in

11881-412: Was passed, appointed himself as an Inland Port board member. Less than a week later, he resigned from this position, after it was discovered that he owned property which was close enough to the port boundaries to have legally disqualified him from being on the board in the first place. In August 2018, board members voted 9-2 against making board subcommittee meetings available for public access. Eventually

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