113-622: Walter Hume Long, 1st Viscount Long , PC , JP , FRS (13 July 1854 – 26 September 1924), was a British Unionist politician. In a political career spanning over 40 years, he held office as President of the Board of Agriculture , President of the Local Government Board , Chief Secretary for Ireland , Secretary of State for the Colonies and First Lord of the Admiralty . He
226-531: A Conservative for the seat, which he held until 1885. A supporter of Lord Beaconsfield , the British Empire, Church of England and state, he was against extending education, but favoured bible teachings in schools. He won the two-member North Wiltshire seat by more than 2000 votes. At the time Beaconsfield died on 19 April 1881, he was making a record of his days in the Commons: "I rose somewhere about 8.30 and as
339-590: A Lord of Appeal, while Edward Saunderson , an Ulsterite member of the Orange Order , became a confidant and close friend. Patronage was usually dispensed by the Lord Lieutenant: this sparked a row with Lord Dudley as Lord Lieutenant , and a constitutional argument prompted an appeal to the Prime Minister. On 20 April 1905, he made an important speech at Belfast emphasizing that he was a stickler for order and
452-536: A bitter riposte, said of Long "The worst of Walter Long is that he never knows what he wants, but is always intriguing to get it". Austen Chamberlain, in 1911, was similarly critical of Long, saying he was "at the centre of every coterie of grumblers." Long and the Unionists wanted General Maxwell to have authority over the police, but Asquith finally gave the Chief Secretaryship to a civilian, Henry Duke . With
565-452: A bribery and corruption scandal (involving two members of parliament for Chippenham) led to the downfall of Sir Robert Walpole 's government. A branch to Chippenham off the Wilts & Berks Canal was built in 1798, terminating at a wharf at Timber Street near the marketplace; the main commodity traded was coal. The site of the wharf is now the town's bus station, and part of Pewsham Way follows
678-517: A charity which they will support throughout their year of office. Other tasks include presiding over Town Council meetings and acting as president of various local organisations, such as the Twinning Association and the Sea Cadets . In 1812, Sir Robert Peel , the creator of the modern police force, served as one of the two Members of Parliament (MPs) for Chippenham . Until 2010, the town
791-524: A church. The 1086 Domesday Book listed Chippenham as Chepeham , with a substantial population of 177 households. In Norman times, the royal properties were separated into the manors of Sheldon, Rowden and Lowden. Records show that the town expanded into Langstret (now the Causeway) from 1245, and from 1406 into Le Newstret (now the New Road area of town). Throughout this period, Chippenham continued to have
904-489: A deal between Irish Nationalists and Unionists in July 1916 over introducing the suspended Home Rule Act 1914 , publicly clashing with his arch-rival Sir Edward Carson . He was accused of plotting to bring down Carson by jeopardising an agreement with the nationalist leader John Redmond , that any partition would only be temporary. When Long wanted to alter the clause to permanent, Redmond abandoned further negotiations. Carson, in
1017-782: A few institutions in the United Kingdom . The Judicial Committee also hears very occasional appeals from a number of ancient and ecclesiastical courts. These include the Church Commissioners , the Arches Court of Canterbury , the Chancery Court of York , prize courts, the High Court of Chivalry , and the Court of Admiralty of the Cinque Ports . This committee usually consists of members of
1130-639: A force for moderation. Wyndham was occupied in London with cabinet duties and so appreciated the implied need for permanent governance. Balfour had already considered Long for the post in January 1905, and to that end consulted both Edward Carson and John Atkinson, under pressure from Horace Plunkett and Gerald Balfour to continue the policy of moderate reform. Due to his Irish connections (both his wife and his mother were Irish), Balfour hoped that Long might be more acceptable to Irish Unionists than his predecessor. Long
1243-590: A large number of arrest warrants. Long was promoted to the Colonial Office , serving until January 1919, when he became First Lord of the Admiralty , a position in which he served until his retirement to the Lords in 1921. He was Minister-in-charge of the Petroleum Executive , responsible for the strategic allocation of fuel. From October 1919 on, he was, once again, largely concerned with Irish affairs, serving as
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#17328452670901356-676: A new member was duly called". The Liberal government was in trouble over Egypt and the Bradlaugh incident ; and the Conservatives were internally divided. He hunted for the Beaufort Hounds . I selected as my time, midnight until, if necessary, eight in the morning. I used to leave London at 5.30 in the morning, providing the House was up, take the train down to Chippenham , have my hunt, and get back to London by train leaving Chippenham about 7.30 … I
1469-440: A number of other industrial sites around the town, Bumpers Farm being the largest. In 2005, Wincanton PLC , Europe's second-largest logistics organisation, consolidated its head office operations and moved to the newly developed Methuen Park office development in west Chippenham, where it employs around 350 people. Chippenham is a market town, with street markets taking place every Friday and Saturday around Market Place and along
1582-417: A result of his injuries and a memorial plaque was erected near the site. On 13 February 1998, two unexploded bombs from World War II were discovered in the field behind Hardens Mead during preparations for the building of Abbeyfield School. About 1,100 residents in the east of Chippenham had to be evacuated for two nights until the army carried out a controlled explosion . The Army initially tried to defuse
1695-705: A secretary of state. The Committee, which last met in 1988, is concerned with the design and usage of wafer seals . The Cabinet of the United Kingdom is the executive committee of the Privy Council and the senior decision-making body of British Government . The Judicial Committee serves as the final court of appeal for the Crown Dependencies , the British Overseas Territories , some Commonwealth countries, military sovereign base areas and
1808-556: A smaller working committee which evolved into the modern Cabinet . By the end of the English Civil War , the monarchy, House of Lords, and Privy Council had been abolished. The remaining parliamentary chamber , the House of Commons , instituted a Council of State to execute laws and to direct administrative policy. The forty-one members of the Council were elected by the House of Commons;
1921-543: A stickler for the letter of the law. He was frequently plagued by ill-health: neuralgia , arthritis , susceptible to colds and flu ; a waspish character, he was not charismatic, nor was he analytic or probing, like his mentor Arthur Balfour . In 1903, Long took a leading role as a spokesman for the protectionist wing of the party, advocating tariff reform and imperial preference alongside Joseph Chamberlain and his son Austen Chamberlain , which brought him into conflict with Charles Ritchie, Michael Hicks-Beach and others on
2034-565: A strategist in opposition. The Liberals appointed Long to the Royal Commission on Agriculture , meeting at Trowbridge on 18 January 1893. Long continued in connections with Ireland throughout his career. He did not wish to sever legislative ties of Union with Ireland; but only to offer "an extension of the privileges of local government to the Irish people". Home Rule was thrown out by the Lords on 8 September 1893, by 419 votes to 41. In June 1895,
2147-548: A thriving market in the town centre. The A4 that runs through Chippenham incorporates parts of the 14th-century medieval road network that linked London to Bristol. This was an important road for the English cloth trade, and so its upkeep was funded in part by Bristol cloth merchants. Chippenham was represented in the Parliament of England from 1295, and Queen Mary granted the town a Charter of Incorporation in 1554. Analysis of
2260-589: A tour. From 1963, the Town Museum was housed in the Yelde Hall. By 2000, it had outgrown the site and moved to the former Magistrates' Court in the Market Place. The museum charts the history of the town from Neolithic times until today. By 2005, the museum had attracted over 90,000 visitors. Local news and television programmes are provided by BBC West and ITV West Country . Television signals are received from
2373-446: Is a formal body of advisers to the sovereign of the United Kingdom . Its members, known as privy counsellors , are mainly senior politicians who are current or former members of either the House of Commons or the House of Lords . The Privy Council formally advises the sovereign on the exercise of the royal prerogative . The King-in-Council issues executive instruments known as Orders in Council . The Privy Council also holds
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#17328452670902486-463: Is also remembered for his links with Irish Unionism , and served as Leader of the Irish Unionist Party in the House of Commons from 1906 to 1910. Long was born at Bath , the eldest son of Richard Penruddocke Long and his wife Charlotte Anna, daughter of William Wentworth FitzWilliam Dick (originally Hume). The 1st Baron Gisborough was Walter's younger brother. On his father's side he
2599-466: Is also served by a route connecting Swindon with Westbury , via Melksham . The Chippenham and Calne line formerly connected the town to Calne but is now a cycle path. The station is famous for its railway arches and other buildings engineered by Isambard Kingdom Brunel , as part of the historic Great Western Railway development. Chippenham lies 4 miles (6.4 km) south of the M4 motorway , which links
2712-566: Is in the town centre and tells the story of the market town. Chippenham is twinned with La Flèche in France and Friedberg in Germany. La Flèche is on the Loire , 42 km (26 mi) from Le Mans and 72 km (45 mi) from Tours . Its Prytanée national militaire school dates back to the time of King Henry IV of France . Friedberg is a walled town 64 km (40 mi) from Munich and
2825-667: Is near the Cotswolds Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty . The town was established on a crossing of the River Avon , where some form of settlement is believed to have existed since before Roman times. It was a royal vill and probably a royal hunting lodge, under Alfred the Great . The town continued to grow when the Great Western Railway arrived in 1841. It had a population of 36,548 in 2021. The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle records
2938-1062: The 9th Earl of Cork and Orrery , in 1878. They had two sons, including Brigadier General Walter Long , who was killed in action in 1917, and three daughters. He died at his home, Rood Ashton House in Wiltshire, in September 1924, aged 70, and was succeeded by his 13-year-old grandson Walter . Lady Long died in June 1938. Privy Council (United Kingdom) King Charles III [REDACTED] William, Prince of Wales [REDACTED] Charles III ( King-in-Council ) [REDACTED] Starmer ministry ( L ) Keir Starmer ( L ) Angela Rayner ( L ) ( King-in-Parliament ) [REDACTED] Charles III [REDACTED] [REDACTED] [REDACTED] The Lord Reed The Lord Hodge Andrew Bailey Monetary Policy Committee The Privy Council (formally His Majesty's Most Honourable Privy Council )
3051-612: The Bavarian Alps , founded in 1264 by Ludwig the severe and his nephew . It holds many sporting and cultural events such as the 17th century Street Festival. The Chippenham Folk Festival takes place every year, usually over the Whitsuntide weekend. There is an annual festival in remembrance of American rock and roll singer Eddie Cochran , who died on 17 April 1960 following a car accident in Chippenham on his way back to London during
3164-626: The Cabinet . With the creation of the United Kingdom on 1 January 1801, a single Privy Council was created for Great Britain and Ireland, although the Privy Council of Ireland continued to exist until 1922, when it was abolished upon the creation of the Irish Free State as an independent Dominion outside the United Kingdom, but within the British Empire . The Privy Council of Northern Ireland
3277-474: The House of Commons Disqualification Act 1975 ). The Crown-in-Council was formerly the supreme appellate court for the entire British Empire , but a number of Commonwealth countries have now abolished the right to such appeals. The Judicial Committee continues to hear appeals from several Commonwealth countries, from British Overseas Territories , Sovereign Base Areas and Crown Dependencies . The Judicial Committee had direct jurisdiction in cases relating to
3390-639: The Irish Free State . In March 1921, Bonar Law resigned as party leader due to ill-health. Sir Austen Chamberlain finally succeeded him in the former office after a ten-year wait But Long too, getting tired and old, was 'kicked upstairs' with a peerage. He was appointed Lord-Lieutenant of Wiltshire in February 1920, and was raised to the peerage as Viscount Long , of Wraxall in the County of Wiltshire , in May 1921. Lord Long married Lady Dorothy (Doreen) Blanche, daughter of
3503-587: The Privy Council . The bourgeois Navy League in Liverpool could not wait to get rid of him but his powerful friends, like the "somnolent" Duke of Devonshire gave large donations to the Anti-Socialist Union - and this would be disastrous to the Union, for it would immediately alienate every snob and mediocrity ..." Yet Long was thick-skinned and seemed impervious to the insults, for he remained remarkably successful at
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3616-547: The Royal Wiltshire Yeomanry , and was promoted Major in 1890, becoming Lieutenant-Colonel in command from 1898 to 1906. Long was determined on a career in politics, campaigning at Marlborough in a traditional Liberal seat in 1879. After Sir George Jenkinson agreed to resign in North Wiltshire , he was adopted by 'half a dozen country gentlemen'. At the 1880 general election , Long was elected to parliament as
3729-664: The Scotland Act 1998 , the Government of Wales Act 1998 and the Northern Ireland Act 1998 , but this was transferred to the new Supreme Court of the United Kingdom in 2009. The Scottish Universities Committee considers proposed amendments to the statutes of Scotland's four ancient universities . Chippenham Chippenham is a market town in north-west Wiltshire , England. It lies 13 miles (21 km) north-east of Bath , 86 miles (138 km) west of London and
3842-905: The Supreme Court of the United Kingdom and senior judges of the Commonwealth of Nations who are Privy Counsellors. Within the United Kingdom, the Judicial Committee hears appeals from ecclesiastical courts , the Admiralty Court of the Cinque Ports, Prize Courts and the Disciplinary Committee of the Royal College of Veterinary Surgeons , appeals against schemes of the Church Commissioners and appeals under certain Acts of Parliament (e.g.,
3955-420: The final court of appeal for the entire British Empire (other than for the United Kingdom itself). It continues to hear judicial appeals from some other independent Commonwealth countries , as well as Crown Dependencies and British Overseas Territories . The Privy Council of the United Kingdom, created on 1 January 1801, was preceded by the Privy Council of Scotland , the Privy Council of England , and
4068-500: The 16th century, partly due to the river. The plague hit the town hard in 1611 and 1636. This, a recession in the woollen industry, and a drop in corn production in 1622 and 1623, caused massive hardship for the town's population. The trade in cloth faced further problems during the English Civil War due to a Royalist proclamation that prohibited the sale of cloth to the Parliamentarian-controlled London. In 1747,
4181-608: The 1980s, this flagship store was sold and became a Wilko branch, but the Co-operative Group diversified into other areas, such as insurance and funeral services, which still operate through many local branches. Chippenham railway station is a stop on the Great Western Main Line . Great Western Railway operates inter-city trains to London Paddington , Swindon , Bristol Temple Meads , Weston-super-Mare , Cardiff Central , Swansea , Plymouth and Penzance . It
4294-612: The 55 to Swindon , X31 to Bath, X34 to Trowbridge and Frome, 33 to Devizes, 44K to Kington St Michael and 99 to Malmesbury and Swindon. National Express coach services call at Chippenham to destinations including Bath, Bristol, Swansea , Heathrow Airport and London . Surrounding the town are a number of stone-built villages, including Lacock ( National Trust ), Biddestone , Bremhill , and Castle Combe . The great house and art treasures of Longleat , Bowood House , Lacock Abbey , Sheldon Manor and Corsham Court are within easy reach. Chippenham Museum and Heritage Centre
4407-553: The Bicester, Heythrops, and South Oxfordshire hunts were matched by the university Drag Hunt. His proficiency was reflected in the early offer to become Master of the Vale of White Horse Hunt , which he turned down. His agent H. Medlicott despaired at the danger to the family fortune, urging him to cut his relations loose, but he raised a new £30,000 mortgage on lands, which Medlicott complained he would have to sell. Long served as an officer in
4520-682: The Chief Secretary as easily manipulated. In October 1906, Saunderson died, and Long was chosen as the new Chairman of Irish Unionist Alliance (IUA) - aimed at closer co-operation between northern and southern parties. Three months later, he was also elected as Chairman of the Ulster Unionist Council (UUC). In 1907, he formed the Union Defence League (UDL) to support Irish unionism in Great Britain. The UDL in London linked with
4633-534: The Civil Service (Amendment) Order in Council 1997, permitted the Prime Minister to grant up to three political advisers management authority over some Civil Servants. In the 1960s, the Privy Council made an order to evict an estimated 1,200 to 2,000 inhabitants of the 55-island Chagos Archipelago in the Indian Ocean, in preparation for the establishment of a joint United States–United Kingdom military base on
Walter Long, 1st Viscount Long - Misplaced Pages Continue
4746-528: The Council Chamber was used as the town gaol. The population of Chippenham civil parish recorded at the 2021 census was 36,548. Chippenham's population grew rapidly in the 1990s, from 25,376 in 1991 to 28,065 at the 2001 census, an increase of 11%. This reflected the development of large housing estates (indeed, entirely new suburbs) such as Cepen Park to the west of the town, and the Pewsham development to
4859-472: The Council — which later became the Court of the Star Chamber — was during the 15th century permitted to inflict any punishment except death, without being bound by normal court procedure . During Henry VIII 's reign, the sovereign, on the advice of the Council, was allowed to enact laws by mere proclamation. The legislative pre-eminence of Parliament was not restored until after Henry VIII's death. By 1540
4972-788: The Court of Appeal were persuaded by this argument, but in 2007 the Law Lords of the Appellate Committee of the House of Lords found the original decision to be flawed and overturned the ruling by a 3–2 decision, thereby upholding the terms of the Order in Council. As of 2023, negotiations between the Mauritian and UK governments that included the sovereignty of the Chagossians were still ongoing. The Privy Council has committees: The Baronetage Committee
5085-407: The Deutsche Reichspartei, right up until the Second Moroccan Crisis in 1911. Nonetheless, Long's parliamentary career was far from finished. He was also nominated as Unionist candidate for South Dublin in 1906, winning by 1,343 votes. Long became one of the leading opposition voices against the Liberal plans for Home Rule in Ireland. At this stage the Irish Unionist Party's leadership was still in
5198-447: The High Street. A Farmers' Market for the sale of fresh, locally produced foodstuffs is also held here once a fortnight. The original Cattle Market, which closed in 2004, is now being redeveloped by Linden Homes Western Limited as one of the UK's largest eco-housing projects. Chippenham's main retail area surrounds the High Street (which is closed to traffic during the day) and the Market Place. Two shopping centres lie on either side of
5311-506: The High Street: the enclosed Emery Gate Shopping Centre and the open-air Borough Parade. In and around the High Street, there are very few independent shops as franchises dominate; there are some independent shops along The Causeway and in the Upper Market Place. Retail parks, such as the Hathaway Retail Park, Bath Road Retail Park and the Chippenham Retail Park (Bumpers Way), are towards the edge of town and contain larger superstores and fast-food outlets. The Chippenham Co-operative Society
5424-424: The Irish Unionists who opposed it. He could not square the retention of Irish MPs at Westminster under the scheme for the second home rule bill. Irish MPs could control English, Scottish, and Welsh affairs, so he argued. The issue was central to the general election of 1892 . Long had returned from Canada on a tour speaking on the federal system there. He reiterated the claim that Ulster Unionists would never accept
5537-402: The King-in-Council, although in practice its actual work of hearing and deciding upon cases is carried out day-to-day by the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council . The Judicial Committee consists of senior judges appointed as privy counsellors: predominantly justices of the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom and senior judges from the Commonwealth . The Privy Council formerly acted as
5650-415: The Liberals were resoundingly defeated in the Lords, and the following month Salisbury was returned for another ministry. After the Conservative defeat in 1892, Ritchie's retirement made Long the chief opposition spokesman on local government, and when the Tories returned to power in 1895, he entered the cabinet as President of the Board of Agriculture . In this role he was notable for his efforts to prevent
5763-402: The Lord Protector, subject to Parliament's approval. In 1659, shortly before the restoration of the monarchy , the Protector's Council was abolished. King Charles II restored the Royal Privy Council, but he, like previous Stuart monarchs, chose to rely on a small group of advisers. The formation of the Kingdom of Great Britain in 1707 combined the Privy Councils of England and Scotland,
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#17328452670905876-398: The Privy Council of Great Britain (1708–1800). Its continued existence has been described as "more or less a constitutional and historical accident". The key events in the formation of the modern Privy Council are given below: In Anglo-Saxon England , the Witenagemot was an early equivalent to the Privy Council of England . During the reigns of the Norman monarchs , the English Crown
5989-462: The Roman villages now within its boundaries) is believed to have been founded by Anglo-Saxons around AD 600. In AD 853, Æthelswith (sister to Alfred the Great) married King Burgred of Mercia at Chippenham. Alfred was then a boy of four and the wedding was held on the site of St Andrew's church. According to Bishop Asser 's Life of King Alfred , Chippenham was, under Alfred's reign, a royal vill ; historians have also argued, from its proximity to
6102-407: The Southern nationalists (and perhaps the British Army) to prevent home rule for Ireland, contemporary accounts indicate that he probably had prior knowledge of the Larne gunrunning . In the Commons Walter Long was an active opponent of Liberal social legislation. He founded a Budget Protest League to advance the cause of moderate tax changes. In the Lords the defeat of the 'people's budget' led to
6215-453: The Town Council employs a Chief Executive rather than a Town Clerk. Historically a market town, Chippenham's economy has since changed to that of a commuter town with residents travelling to workplaces in Bath, Bristol, Swindon and even London (almost 100 miles to the east). Several large businesses have been located in the region, with the biggest former employer being Westinghouse , now owned by Siemens , whose factory complex lies next to
6328-402: The UUC in Belfast and the IUA in Dublin. It had support from Conservative backbenchers but not the leadership. It was active in 1907–1908 and again after 1911 when the Third Home Rule Bill was imminent; with the Primrose League it created the 1914 British Covenant mirroring the 1912 Ulster Covenant . Although Long never openly supported the most militant Unionists, who were prepared to fight
6441-409: The architects of the Local Government Act 1888 , which established elected county councils. Long dealt with Poor Law reform in the county areas, slum reforms, reform of the London County Council , and better housing for the working-classes. He was deputed to make speeches backing the government position on the LCC bill, although he was not responsible for its draft or passage. Ritchie was to deal with
6554-466: The backbenches. He was approachable and had a no-nonsense manner, an excellent memory: logical and crisp. He was both mature and responsible for a young MP. The very strong connections he had with the agricultural community assisted local government in his area. He entered government for the first time in 1886 in Lord Salisbury's second administration as Parliamentary Secretary to the Local Government Board , serving under Charles Ritchie, and became one of
6667-439: The bill but Liberals argued that the Conservatives would raise bread prices, and lower wages if returned, "the labourers are ignorant lot and swallowed it whole", he decried. Long was defeated by 138 votes, losing his seat. In July 1892, Liverpool West Derby became vacant and Long defeated the Liberal candidate by 1357 votes at the by-election of 1893 . Knowing his grasp of parliamentary procedure, Arthur Balfour hired him to be
6780-448: The body was headed by Oliver Cromwell , de facto military dictator of the nation. In 1653, however, Cromwell became Lord Protector , and the Council was reduced to between thirteen and twenty-one members, all elected by the Commons. In 1657, the Commons granted Cromwell even greater powers, some of which were reminiscent of those enjoyed by monarchs. The Council became known as the Protector's Privy Council ; its members were appointed by
6893-441: The centre of the Shambles at the current location of Barclays Bank. It was used for the sale of meat and dairy products. In 1889, Mr E.C. Lowndes bought the structure for £6 and re-erected it as a gazebo in the kitchen garden of the manor house at Castle Combe , where it fell into disrepair. The Buttercross was re-erected in 1995 by the Chippenham Civic Society , funded by many local people and organisations. It currently stands as
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#17328452670907006-442: The centre-piece of the pedestrianised area of the town centre, where a market is held each Friday and Saturday. The Yelde Hall is one of very few remaining medieval timber framed buildings in the town. It originally was divided internally for use as a market hall. Both the hall and its meeting room upstairs were used by the burgess and bailiff for a variety of meetings and trials as well as for Council meetings. The space under
7119-399: The chair of the cabinet's Long Committee on Ireland. In this capacity, he was largely responsible for initiating the Partition of Ireland under the Government of Ireland Act 1920 , which followed certain proposals of Lloyd George's failed 1917–18 Irish Convention , and created separate home rule governments for Southern Ireland and Northern Ireland , the former subsequently evolving as
7232-410: The constitutional crisis of 1911. He clashed with Edward Carson adopting a similarly equivocal position over the Parliament Bill of 1911 , opposing the Bill, but recommending acquiescence. He sat as MP for the Strand between January 1910 and 1918 and St George's between 1918 and 1921. When Balfour resigned as party leader in November 1911, Long, who had never been happy with his leadership style,
7345-606: The dates of bank holidays . The Privy Council formerly had sole power to grant academic degree-awarding powers and the title of university , but following the Higher Education and Research Act 2017 these powers have been transferred to the Office for Students for educational institutions in England. Before the Constitutional Reform and Governance Act 2010 the Civil Service was governed by powers of royal prerogative . These powers were usually delegated to ministers by Orders in Council , and were used by Margaret Thatcher to ban GCHQ staff from joining trade unions. Another,
7458-466: The delegated authority to issue Orders of Council, mostly used to regulate certain public institutions. It advises the sovereign on the issuing of royal charters , which are used to grant special status to incorporated bodies, and city or borough status to local authorities. Otherwise, the Privy Council's powers have now been largely replaced by its executive committee, the Cabinet of the United Kingdom . Certain judicial functions are also performed by
7571-403: The east (named for the small village of Pewsham , further east). The offices of North Wiltshire District Council were in the town until 2009, when a unitary authority was created for the whole of Wiltshire. The offices in Monkton Park were taken over by Wiltshire Council , which has its headquarters in Trowbridge. The office of Town Mayor was established in 1835, before which Chippenham
7684-421: The fall of Asquith and the accession of the Lloyd George government in December 1916, Long had established himself as the cabinet's foremost authority on Irish policy. Chief Secretary Duke would have preferred to be Inspector-General; but Lloyd George, a natural home ruler, did not seem too happy with Long's brand of federated Unionism. Two allies of the Prime Minister, namely Carson and Lord Edward Cecil , supplied
7797-439: The free-trade wing. Long was a moderate within the protectionist ranks and became a go-between for the protectionists and free-traders, increasing his prominence and popularity within the party. Perhaps his most significant achievement on the board was the unification of the London water-supply boards into the Metropolitan Water Board . Long was offered the position of First Lord of the Admiralty in Lord Selborne 's place, as
7910-441: The hands of his friend Edward Saunderson, who was far from energetic, unhelpfully described as "devoid of business capacity". The dispute with MacDonnell was carried on in the pages of The Times - Long trying to galvanise Unionist opinion in both England and Ireland. Balfour, Jack Sandars (Balfour's private secretary), and Wyndham all thought he had been duped by Unionism "where his vanity and hopes are concerned", characterising
8023-482: The larger 750 kg (1,650 lb) device, but it was decided that owing to the bomb's orientation in the ground this would be too dangerous. Chippenham is in western Wiltshire, at a prominent crossing of the River Avon . It is located between the Marlborough Downs to the east, the southern Cotswolds to the north and west, and Salisbury Plain to the south-east. The town is surrounded by sparsely populated countryside and there are several woodlands in or very near
8136-541: The largest island in the archipelago, Diego Garcia . In 2000, the High Court of Justice ruled that the inhabitants had a right to return to the archipelago. In 2004, the Privy Council, under Jack Straw 's tenure, overturned the ruling. In 2006, the High Court of Justice found the Privy Council's decision to be unlawful. Justice Kentridge stated that there was no known precedent "for the lawful use of prerogative powers to remove or exclude an entire population of British subjects from their homes and place of birth", and
8249-457: The latter body coming to an end in 1708. Under King George I , even more power transferred to a small committee of the Council, which began to meet in the absence of the sovereign, communicating its decisions to him after the fact. Thus, the Privy Council, as a whole, ceased to be a body of important confidential advisers to the Sovereign; the role passed to a committee of the Council, now known as
8362-477: The latter was appointed to the Governor-Generalship of South Africa but he refused the promotion, advising the appointment of Lord Cawdor . Long really wanted to remain at Local Government, but when George Wyndham resigned as Chief Secretary for Ireland , Balfour was faced with a crisis. Wyndham resigned on 5 March 1905, over what became known as the "Wyndham-MacDonnell Imbroglio". Sir Antony MacDonnell
8475-608: The law. On 25 May 1905 the issues were discussed in the Commons. He wished to strengthen Unionism, but both Dudley and Long appealed to Balfour for adjudication. Balfour opined that the Chief Secretary was both in the Commons and in the cabinet, so Dudley had to be content that the power of the Lords was waning. During the last quarter of 1905, Long advised the postponement of dissolution, as it would hit Unionists hard in "the Country" and would hand numerous electorates to radicals. He warned of
8588-422: The line of the branch. The Great Western Railway arrived in Chippenham in 1841, and in turn attracted many new businesses. The arrival of these businesses required new housing which led to the expansion of the town into land north of the railway, which in turn led to the growth of further industries to support the building work. The arrival of the railway promoted the growth of industrial agricultural businesses. In
8701-475: The loss of seats of Bristol West and South . In December 1905, true to his word, Long himself was defeated by 2,692 votes. Long continued to distrust 'Birmingham & Co' as he called Chamberlain 's struggle for a policy of tariff recognition, which was already driving the party away from the Free Trade north. Nonetheless, he continued to co-operate internationally with conservative parties in Germany, such as
8814-520: The middle of the 19th century, Chippenham was a major centre for the production of dairy and ham products; this led, later, to Nestlé and Matteson's having factories in the town centre. The railway also led to the growth of railway engineering works in Chippenham: the first of these was Roland Brotherhood in 1842. A variety of companies then took over part or all of the business on the site, until in 1935 Westinghouse Brake and Signal Company Ltd took over
8927-542: The minority in Ireland that Home Rule would not protect, and that Gladstone 's Home Rule policy would lead to the dismemberment of the empire. The home rule policy was defeated, Long was returned with an increased majority of 1726 votes in July 1886. Aged thirty-two, Long was asked to become a junior minister to Charles Ritchie at the Local Government Board, in Salisbury 's government. They had noticed his unswerving support from
9040-531: The most intransigent opposition to a united Ireland. It was Long's policy on 16 April 1918 to promote the Conscription bill that would provoke the crisis for Irishness. Duke opposed a policy of conscription without an offer of home rule, whereas Long wanted the former without the latter. The crisis gave rise to the German Plot , and Long's pressure to act on intelligence against Sinn Féiners caused him to issue
9153-402: The name is spelt both "Chippenham" (for the hundred ) and "Chipnam" (for the town). There are believed to have been settlements in the Chippenham region since before Roman times. Remains of Romano-British settlements are visible in the wall behind the former magistrates' court , and recent redevelopments of the town have shown up other evidence of early settlements. The town (not counting
9266-428: The nineteen-member council had become a new national institution, most probably the creation of Thomas Cromwell , without there being exact definitions of its powers. Though the royal Council retained legislative and judicial responsibilities, it became a primarily administrative body. In 1553 the Council consisted of forty members÷, whereas Henry VII swore over a hundred servants to his council. Sovereigns relied on
9379-581: The party that a divisive contest might split the protectionist majority of the Unionist coalition, so both candidates agreed to withdraw in favour of Bonar Law , the tertium quid , and a relatively unknown figure, on 12 November. The unification of the Liberal Unionist and Conservative parties at the Carlton Club in 1912, was for Long acknowledgement of the end of its domination by the country interest. Long
9492-407: The polls. At the 'Khaki election' of November 1900 , Long won Bristol South . With the ministerial shuffle in 1900, he became President of the Local Government Board . Never an insider, Long worked closely with constituents on local issues showing "sensitivity to the wider needs of society". His capacity for hard work revealed that he was also stubborn, short-tempered, with a choleric temperament;
9605-445: The power to grant royal assent to legislation, are a form of primary legislation, while orders made under statutory powers are a form of secondary legislation. Orders of Council , distinct from Orders in Council, are issued by members of the Privy Council without requiring the approval of the sovereign. Like Orders in Council, they can be made under statutory powers or royal prerogative. Orders of Council are most commonly used for
9718-463: The railway station. The company undertakes railway signalling contracts for Network Rail , London Underground as well as railway operators in other parts of the world, e.g. Beijing Subway , Oslo Public Transport Administration , SMRT Corporation , Kowloon-Canton Railway Corporation , MTR Corporation and many others. Parts of the Westinghouse site are occupied by a range of companies. There are
9831-513: The regulation of public institutions and regulatory bodies. The sovereign also grants royal charters on the advice of the Privy Council. Charters bestow special status to incorporated bodies ; they are used to grant chartered status to certain professional, educational or charitable bodies, and sometimes also city and borough status to towns. The Privy Council therefore deals with a wide range of matters, which also includes university and livery company statutes, churchyards , coinage and
9944-587: The royal forests at Melksham and Barden, that it was probably a hunting lodge. Alfred's daughter was also married in Chippenham. Danish Vikings successfully besieged Chippenham in 878. Later that year, at the Battle of Ethandun , Alfred decisively defeated the Danes, whose forces then surrendered to Alfred at Chippenham (ushering in the establishment of the Danelaw ). In 1042, the royal holding in Chippenham makes mention of
10057-444: The rule of law. However, in the south and west, obdurate landlords refused land sales to tenantry, leading to boycotts and cattle-driving. Substantial damage was done to unionist farms and farmers. MacDonnell continually urged compromise, but Long ignored him. The dispute with Lords Dudley and Dunraven dragged on into August 1905, with their attitude of intransigence towards Long's attempts at Unionist reform and demanding obedience to
10170-463: The site fully. The signalling side of the business remains at the Chippenham site and is now owned by Siemens Rail Automation Group; the brakes business was taken over by the German company Knorr-Bremse, and is in nearby Melksham. On 17 April 1960, American singers Eddie Cochran and Gene Vincent , and songwriter Sharon Sheeley , were involved in a car crash in Chippenham at Rowden Hill. Cochran died as
10283-496: The southern part of the town, linking Chippenham to nearby Corsham , Calne and Bath. In November 2019, the government approved an eastern extension linking the A4 to the A350 north of Cepen Park. A link road bypassing the new Birds Marsh area to the north-east of the town opened in 2022. Chippenham's bus services are operated by Stagecoach West , Faresaver and Coachstyle. Key routes include
10396-599: The spread of rabies . The creation of the Board of Agriculture had brought a boost to Long's career in 1889 but opposition rose up strongly, when the Dog Muzzlers act , prompted the Laymen's League in Liverpool to contest the Church Discipline bill. Long became increasingly unpopular in his constituency accused of being "irascible and scheming", and was advised to change seats. However, this did not prevent in 1895 admittance to
10509-448: The supreme legislature of the kingdom. Nevertheless, the Council retained the power to hear legal disputes, either in the first instance or on appeal. Furthermore, laws made by the sovereign on the advice of the Council, rather than on the advice of Parliament, were accepted as valid. Powerful sovereigns often used the body to circumvent the Courts and Parliament. For example, a committee of
10622-471: The town as Cippanhamme : this could refer to a person called Cippa who had his hamm, an enclosure in a river meadow. An alternative theory suggests that the name is derived from the Anglo-Saxon word ceap , meaning 'market'. The name is recorded variously as Cippanhamm (878), Cepen (1042), Cheppeham (1155), Chippenham (1227), Shippenham (1319) and Chippyngham (1541). In John Speed 's map of Wiltshire (1611),
10735-583: The town to Bristol, Swindon , South Wales and London. The A4 former coach road, A420 and B4069 provide further road links to Bath, Bristol and Oxford . The town is bypassed to the west by the A350 , which links the M4 motorway with Chippenham and nearby towns to the south, such as Melksham , Westbury , Frome , Warminster and Trowbridge before entering Dorset where it terminates in Poole . The A4 national route crosses
10848-413: The town, such as Bird's Marsh , Vincients Wood and Briars Wood. Suburbs include Cepen Park (North & South), Hardenhuish, Monkton, Lowden, Pewsham , Primrose Hill, Englands, Frogwell, Derriads, The Folly, Redland, Queens Crescent, Lackham, Fenway Park and Hill Rise; these loosely correspond to local government wards. The original Buttercross , a stone structure, was erected in c. 1570 and stood at
10961-543: The towns in Local Government Act 1888, but was ill for the period, and Long had "a sound grasp its details and essentials." On 6 Feb 1887, he made an important speech in the "Plan of Campaign" from which unionism there seemed to encourage landlordism . However behind the law for tenant compensation, Long knew lay a deeper demand for independence. He continued to be worried by the Liberals' policy of Home Rule, supporting
11074-472: The wood used to build the Yelde Hall indicates that the market hall was built around 1450. The Shambles and Buttercross were built after 1570. The Shambles were destroyed in a fire in 1856 but the Yelde Hall survived. The parish of Chippenham Without encompasses the deserted medieval village of Sheldon, devastated by plague ; all that remains today is Sheldon Manor , Wiltshire's oldest inhabited manor house, dating from 1282. The wool industry took off in
11187-580: Was a successful Indian civil servant appointed by Wyndham as Permanent Under-Secretary to the Lord Lieutenant of Ireland on the strict understanding that the permanent post made MacDonnell's role a non-political position. MacDonnell was a Catholic from County Mayo , whose appointment left unionists wondering if they had been betrayed by London. Nevertheless, having competently implemented the Land Purchase (Ireland) Act 1903 , MacDonnell came to be seen as
11300-400: Was advised by a royal court or curia regis , which consisted of magnates , ecclesiastics and high officials . The body originally concerned itself with advising the sovereign on legislation, administration and justice. Later, different bodies assuming distinct functions evolved from the court. The courts of law took over the business of dispensing justice , while Parliament became
11413-461: Was always skeptical of coalition, and declared that it would not happen. So with the formation of the wartime coalition government in May 1915, Long's awaited return to office at the Local Government Board was greeted by his surprise. Asquith resisted attempts by Unionists to install Long as Chief Secretary. Long dealt with the plight of thousands of Belgian refugees. He was actively involved in undermining attempts by David Lloyd George to negotiate
11526-580: Was at the House at midnight and I would stay there till it rose. He made his first speech on 26 July 1880 during the third reading of the Compensation for Disturbances (Ireland) bill. With North Wiltshire abolished, Long won his Devizes seat with a reduced majority of 95 votes at the November 1885 general election . There was considerable anger at the Conservatives 'Fair Trade policy' for workers. He believed English people had little understanding of Ireland or
11639-425: Was created in 1922, but became defunct in 1972, when the Parliament of Northern Ireland was closed down. The sovereign may make Orders in Council upon the advice of the Privy Council. Orders in Council, which are drafted by the government rather than by the sovereign, are forms of either primary or secondary legislation , depending on the power they are made under. Orders made under prerogative powers, such as
11752-575: Was descended from an old family of Wiltshire gentry, and on his mother's side from Anglo-Irish gentry in County Wicklow . When young, Walter lived at Dolforgan Hall , Montgomeryshire , a property owned by his grandfather. While living there, his father inherited the Rood Ashton estate. Long went to Hilperton school, Amesbury , where he was harshly disciplined by Edwin Meyrick . At Harrow Walter
11865-456: Was designed to placate Irish Unionists at public meetings, speeches and tours of Ireland, made to reassure local community officials. While labouring closely with Unionists to discuss agrarian and non-agrarian crime, and discipline in the RIC , he continued to appease Unionist opinion. He appointed Unionist William Moore as Solicitor-General for Ireland, and saw to the appointment of John Atkinson , as
11978-635: Was established by a 1910 Order in Council, during Edward VII 's reign, to scrutinise all succession claims (and thus reject doubtful ones) to be placed on the Roll of Baronets . The Committee for the Affairs of Jersey and Guernsey recommends approval of Channel Islands legislation. The Committee for the purposes of the Crown Office Act 1877 consists of the Lord Chancellor and Lord Privy Seal as well as
12091-501: Was founded in 1890. Over the years, it played an increasing role in the local economy, becoming deeply involved in agriculture and dairy farming, and for most of the 20th century its department store dominated the lower end of the High Street. However, by the 1960s, the business was facing increasing competition and found it necessary to join forces with other co-operatives, first locally, then nationally, forming The Co-operative Group . In
12204-548: Was governed by a bailiff supported by burgesses. Elected annually by the Town Council , the Mayor is generally appointed to office in May each year, at the "Mayor Making" ceremony. As part of their duties as the first citizen of a town, the Mayor visits organisations, charities and groups representing all parts of the local community, acting as a figurehead to promote goodwill, cultural exchange, trade and commerce. The Mayor also nominates
12317-582: Was popular, proving a sporty captain of cricket. During Walter's studies at Christ Church, Oxford his father had a mental breakdown and died, two years later, in February 1875. Walter took over management of the family properties upon his father's death, whilst his mother moved into a house in Oxford . It was a stressful time, during which he was frequently summoned by his mother, and his younger brother also accumulated debts. Long continued to box, ride, and hunt, as well as play college cricket. Afternoons spent with
12430-528: Was pre-eminent in the Conservative Party and one of the leading candidates to succeed him, the candidate of the 'country party'. As early as 1900, Long had denounced Chamberlain, as the "Conservative Party...will not be led by a bloody radical". However, he was opposed by Austen Chamberlain , who was backed by the Liberal Unionists still under his father's leadership. Long feared 'the degradation' to
12543-519: Was reluctant to accept the offer, being frustrated and angered by Lord Dunraven 's proposals and MacDonnell's initiatives, which he regarded as anti-Unionist. However, Long was determined to bring Unionism back from the brink of extinction in Ireland. Arriving in Dublin on 15 March, at dinner there he took the pragmatic view to work with MacDonnell. Throughout March and April he saw no grounds for MacDonnell's dismissal. Long's motto of "patience and firmness"
12656-473: Was within the parliamentary constituency of North Wiltshire , traditionally a Conservative stronghold, although in the 19th century some Liberal members were elected. Boundary changes for the 2010 general election saw Liberal Democrat candidate Duncan Hames become the Member of Parliament for Chippenham , a newly created constituency formed from parts of three neighbouring constituencies. In 2015, Chippenham
12769-641: Was won for the Conservatives by Michelle Donelan , who held it until 2024 when Sarah Gibson of the Liberal Democrats won the seat, after further significant boundary changes . Chippenham Town Council, which is based at Chippenham Town Hall , is responsible for some public services in the town. For 2020–21 they set the 13th highest council tax of any lowest tier (parish/town) council in England at £262.05 per Band D property, and proposed to increase this to £270.44 for 2021–22. Unlike most town and parish councils,
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