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33-569: Ulster Scots , may refer to: Ulster Scots people Ulster Scots dialect Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Ulster Scots . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ulster_Scots&oldid=1237418065 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description

66-567: A portmanteau neologism popularised by the physician, amateur historian and politician Ian Adamson , merging Ulster and Lallans  – the Scots for 'Lowlands'  – but also said to be a backronym for 'Ulster-Scots language in literature and native speech'. The North American ancestry of the X-linked form of the genetic disease congenital nephrogenic diabetes insipidus has been traced to Ulster Scots who travelled to Nova Scotia in 1761 on

99-438: A relationship with King James VI . He was able to gain some influence in the king's court due to his correspondence with his brother George Montgomery , who had been named Dean of Norwich in 1602. The information contained in the correspondence was important to James as it included details on English politics. Montgomery became involved in the centuries-old feud between Clan Montgomery and Clan Cunningham . The feud dates to

132-509: A reprimand from King James but was soon back in favour. He accompanied the king to his coronation as King of England in spring 1603 after the death of Queen Elizabeth . Montgomery's friendship with the king was useful to him next in establishing a Settlement in Ireland in 1606 (preceding the Plantation of Ulster in 1610). Looking for an opportunity for advancement, Montgomery came into contact with

165-403: A reward for helping him escape from English captivity. Hamilton forced himself in on this deal when he discovered it and, after three years of bickering, the final settlement gave Hamilton and Montgomery each one-third of the land. Starting in 1609, Scots began arriving into state-sponsored settlements as part of the Plantation of Ulster . This scheme was intended to confiscate all the lands of

198-455: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Language and nationality disambiguation pages Ulster Scots people The Ulster Scots people or Scots-Irish are an ethnic group descended largely from Scottish and some Northern English Borders settlers who moved to the northern province of Ulster in Ireland mainly during

231-636: The British Empire and especially to the American colonies , later Canada and the United States. In North America , they are sometimes called "Scotch-Irish", though this term is not used in the British Isles . After some minor settling during the late Tudor and early Stuart periods, the first major influx of Lowland Scots and Border English Protestant settlers into Ulster came in the first two decades of

264-680: The British Plantations in Ireland , which had been destroyed by the rebellion of 1641, were restored. However, due to the Scots' enmity to the English Parliament in the final stages of the English Civil War , English settlers rather than Scots were the main beneficiary of this scheme. There was a generation of calm in Ireland until another war broke out in 1689, again due to political conflict closely aligned with ethnic and religious differences. The Williamite war in Ireland (1689–91)

297-553: The Gaelic Irish nobility in Ulster and to settle the province with Protestant Scottish and English colonists. Under this scheme, a substantial number of Scots were settled, mostly in the south and west of Ulster, on confiscated land. While many of the Scottish planters in Ulster came from southwest Scotland, a large number came from the southeast, including the unstable regions right along

330-532: The Irish Rebellion of 1641 , the native Irish gentry attempted to extirpate the English and Scottish settlers in revenge for being driven off their ancestral land, resulting in severe violence, massacres and ultimately leading to the deaths of between four and six thousand settlers over the winter of 1641–42. Native Irish civilians were massacred in return. By 1642, native Irish were in de facto control of much of

363-634: The United Irishmen to participate in the Irish Rebellion of 1798 in support of republican and egalitarian ideals. Just a few generations after arriving in Ulster, considerable numbers of Ulster-Scots emigrated to the North American colonies of Great Britain . Between 1717 and 1775, over 100,000 migrated to what became the United States of America . Around the same time, the British took control of

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396-515: The 15th century when a Montgomery was named Bailie of Cunninghame by James II , a post the Cunninghams claimed was rightfully theirs. The 4th Earl of Eglinton was assassinated by the Cunninghams at about the time of Montgomery's return to Scotland. Montgomery's involvement in the feud began when he took offence at something that Cunningham said. Cunningham fled to London , then to Holland , where Montgomery caught up with him and confronted him in

429-506: The 17th century. There is an Ulster Scots dialect of the Scots language . Historically, there has been considerable population exchanges between Ireland and Scotland over the millennia. This group are found mostly in the province of Ulster, their ancestors were Protestant settlers who migrated from the Scottish Lowlands and Northern England during the Plantation of Ulster , which

462-498: The 17th century. Before the Plantation of Ulster (and even before the Flight of the Earls ), there was the 1606 independent Scottish settlement in east Down and Antrim . It was led by adventurers James Hamilton and Sir Hugh Montgomery , two Ayrshire lairds . Montgomery was granted half of Lord of Upper Clandeboye Conn McNeill O'Neill's land, a significant Gaelic lordship in Ulster, as

495-469: The 18th and 19th centuries. In fact, these 'Scots-Irish' from Ulster and Lowland Scotland comprised the most numerous group of immigrants from Great Britain and Ireland to the American colonies between 1717 and 1775, with over 100,000 leaving Ulster at the time. Towards the end of the 18th century, many Ulster-Scots Presbyterians ignored religious differences and, along with many Catholic Gaelic Irish, joined

528-576: The Inner Court of the Palace at The Hague . Combating Cunningham with a sword, Montgomery delivered what he believed to be a killing thrust, but Cunningham's belt buckle deflected the blow. Montgomery believed he had killed Cunningham and made to leave the palace. He was arrested and imprisoned at Gevangenpoort in the Binnenhof . Montgomery broke out of jail with the help of a Scottish soldier. Montgomery received

561-632: The Protestant minority's monopoly on power in Ireland. Their victories at Derry , the Boyne and Aughrim are still commemorated by the Orange Order into the 21st century. Finally, another major influx of Scots into northern Ireland occurred in the late 1690s, when tens of thousands of people fled a famine in Scotland to come to Ulster. It was only after the 1690s that Scottish settlers and their descendants,

594-582: The Scottish lowlands. In particular, the origin of country and western music was extensively from Ulster Scots folk music, in addition to English, German, and African-American styles. The cultural traditions and aspects of this culture including its links to country music are articulated in David Hackett Fischer 's book, Albion's Seed: Four British Folkways in America . In 2010's documentary The Hamely Tongue , filmmaker Deaglán Ó Mocháin traces back

627-759: The Ulster-Scottish settlers from native Irish landowners. The war itself, part of the Wars of the Three Kingdoms , ended in the 1650s, with the Cromwellian conquest of Ireland . At the head of the army, Oliver Cromwell conquered all of Ireland. Defeating the Irish Confederates and English Royalists on behalf of the English Parliamentarians , he and his forces employed methods and inflicted casualties among

660-482: The United States is higher (over 27 million) likely because contemporary Americans with some Scotch-Irish heritage may regard themselves as either Irish, Scottish, or simply American instead. Over the centuries, Ulster Scots culture has contributed to the unique character of the counties in Ulster . The Ulster Scots Agency points to industry, language, music, sport, religion and myriad traditions brought to Ulster from

693-732: The border with England (the Scottish Borders and Northumberland ). These groups were from the Borderers or Border Reivers culture, which had familial links on both sides of the Anglo-Scottish border. The plan was that moving these Borderers to Ireland would both solve the Borders problem and tie down Ulster. This was of particular concern to James VI of Scotland when he became King of England, since he knew Scottish instability could jeopardise his chances of ruling both kingdoms effectively. During

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726-510: The civilian Irish population that have long been commonly considered by contemporary sources, historians and the popular culture to be outside of the accepted military ethics of the day (see more on the debate here ). After the Cromwellian war in Ireland was over, many of their soldiers settled permanently in eastern Ulster. Under the Act of Settlement 1652 , all Catholic-owned land was confiscated and

759-495: The descendants of English settlers . For this reason, up until the 19th century, there was considerable disharmony between Dissenters and the ruling Protestant Ascendancy in Ireland. With the enforcement of Queen Anne's 1703 Test Act , which caused further discrimination against all who did not participate in the established church , considerable numbers of Ulster-Scots migrated to the colonies in British America throughout

792-476: The first wave of settlers arrived. Montgomery settled at Newtownards and soon established a trade route between Donaghadee in Ireland and Portpatrick in Scotland. In 1613, Montgomery, along with Hamilton, represented the settlement to the Irish House of Commons . At Donaghadee, he built a large stone quay to accommodate vessels ferrying between Scotland and Ireland from 1616 onwards. On 3 May 1622, Montgomery

825-468: The island under a Confederate Ireland , with about a third under the control of the opposition. However, many Ulster-Scots Presbyterians joined with the Irish in rebellion and aided them in driving the English out. The Ulster Scots population in Ireland was probably preserved from destruction during the subsequent Irish Confederate Wars , when a Scottish Covenanter army was landed in the province to protect

858-549: The majority of whom were Presbyterian , gained numeric superiority in Ulster, though still a minority in Ireland as a whole. Along with Catholics , they were legally disadvantaged by the Penal Laws , which gave full rights only to members of the Church of Ireland (the Anglican state church ), who were mainly Anglo-Irish (themselves often absentee landlords ), native Irish converts or

891-472: The negotiations with the King, securing for himself a share of the land in question with the resultant shares being one-third each for Hamilton, Montgomery and O'Neill, who gained pardon. (Montgomery also secured for his brother George , his staunchest political ally, the title of Bishop of Derry and Raphoe .) Montgomery and Hamilton recruited Scots of many families and trades to populate their settlement. In May 1606

924-513: The origins of this culture and language, and relates its manifestations in today's Ireland. The film's title refers to James Fenton's book, The Hamely Tongue: A personal record of Ulster-Scots in County Antrim . Most Ulster Scots speak Ulster English as a first language . Ulster Scots is the local dialect of the Lowland Scots language which has, since the 1980s, also been called "Ullans",

957-583: The ship Hopewell . Sir Hugh Montgomery After being educated at University of Glasgow and time spent at the royal court of France , Montgomery served as a captain of foot of a Scottish Regiment under William I of Orange during the early parts of the Eighty Years' War . He returned to Scotland upon the death of his parents in 1587. He inherited his father's title as the Laird of Braidstane and married Elizabeth Shaw, who died in 1625. Montgomery established

990-537: The territory of New France , allowing many Ulster-Scots to migrate to these areas as well. These people are known as the Scotch-Irish Canadians . In the United States census of 2000, 4.3 million Americans (1.5% of the population of the United States) claimed Scotch-Irish ancestry. Author and former United States Senator Jim Webb suggests that the true number of people with some Scots-Irish heritage in

1023-481: The wife of Con O'Neill, a landowner in Ulster , who was imprisoned at Carrickfergus Castle for instigating rebellion against the Queen. Montgomery and Ellis O'Neill (the wife) made a deal that the O'Neills would give half of their land to him if he could free Con and secure for him a royal pardon. Montgomery sent a relative to Ireland to lead the jailbreak, which was successful. At this point, James Hamilton interfered with

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1056-510: Was a planned process of colonisation following the Tudor conquest of Ireland . The largest numbers came from Dumfries and Galloway , Lanarkshire , Renfrewshire , Ayrshire , Scottish Borders , Northumberland , Cumbria , Durham , Yorkshire and, to a lesser extent, from the Scottish Highlands . Ulster Scots people, displaced through hardship, emigrated in significant numbers around in

1089-1009: Was fought between Jacobites who supported the restoration of the Catholic James II to the throne of England and Williamites who supported the Protestant William of Orange . The majority of the Protestant colonists throughout Ireland but particularly in Ulster, fought on the Williamite side in the war against the Jacobites . The fear of a repeat of the massacres of 1641, fear of retribution for religious persecution, as well as their wish to hold on to lands which had been confiscated from Catholic landowners, were all principal motivating factors. The Williamite forces, composed of British, Dutch, Huguenot and Danish armies, as well as troops raised in Ulster, ended Jacobite resistance by 1691, confirming

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