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35-589: Udmurt may refer to: Udmurt people , people who speak the Udmurt language Udmurt language , a Finno-Ugric language Udmurtia or the Udmurt Republic, a federal republic of Russia Udmurt Autonomous Oblast , an autonomous oblast of the Soviet Union Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with

70-466: A 2012 survey 43% of the population of Perm Krai adheres to the Russian Orthodox Church , 5% declares to be generically unaffiliated Christian , 4% are Muslims , 2% are Rodnovers (Slavic folk religion), 1% are Old Believers , 1% Orthodox Christian believers who don't belong to churches or are members of non-Russian Orthodox churches , 8% follows other religion or did not give an answer to

105-565: A national epic called Dorvyzhy . Their national musical instruments include the krez zither (similar to the Russian gusli ) and a pipe-like wind instrument called the chipchirghan . A chapter in the French Description de toutes les nations de l'empire de Russie from 1776 is devoted to the description of the Wotyak people. James George Frazer also mentions a rite performed by

140-535: A smaller eastern hunter-gatherer component, or Srubnaya -like. It is common for Northeastern Europeans to have a high level of Steppe-related admixture. Perm Krai Perm Krai ( Russian : Пе́рмский край , romanized :  Permsky kray , IPA: [ˈpʲɛrmskʲɪj ˈkraj] ; Komi-Permyak : Перем ладор , romanized:  Perem lador ) is a federal subject of Russia (a krai ), located in Eastern Europe . Its administrative center

175-539: A term of five years. 30 deputies are elected from party lists (proportional system), and the remaining 30 from single-member districts (majority system). To receive seats on party lists, parties must overcome the 5% threshold (for the first convocation - 7%). The first elections of deputies to the Legislative Assembly of the Perm Krai were held on 3 December 2006. Party list places: In single-mandate constituencies,

210-470: A total of 47 have a surplus of births over death in Perm Krai. The birth rate in Perm Krai is much higher compared to other European regions. For example, the birth rate for Germany was 8.3 per 1000 in 2007. Perm as a whole is having 50% higher birth rate, and even the district with the lowest birth rate is having 20% higher BR compared to Germany. In 2008, the birth rate in Perm Krai was 8% higher than that of 2007. Close to 35.5 thousand births were recorded with

245-480: Is Perm . The population of the krai was 2,532,405 ( 2021 Census ). The krai was formed on 1 December 2005 as a result of the 2004 referendum on the merger of Perm Oblast and Komi-Permyak Autonomous Okrug . Komi-Permyak Okrug retained its autonomous status within Perm Krai during the transitional period of 2006–2008. It also retained a budget separate from that of the krai, keeping all federal transfers. Starting in 2009, Komi-Permyak Okrug's budget became subject to

280-469: Is U (23.5%). Most Udmurts who have it belong to its subclades U2 (10.4 %) and U5 (9.3 %). Nearly as common is H (22.5 %). Other mtDNA haplogroups among Udmurts include T (16.5 %), D (11 %) and Z (6 %). When it comes to the autosomal ancestry of Udmurts, around 30 percent of it is Nganasan -like. This Siberian component is typical for Uralic-speaking peoples. The rest can be modelled to be mostly Steppe -like with

315-541: Is Mount Tulymsky Kamen at 1,496 metres (4,908 ft). Rivers of Perm Krai belong to the Kama River Basin, the largest tributary of Volga River . There are more than 29,000 rivers in Perm Krai. The total length of all rivers is more than 90,000 kilometres (56,000 mi). Only two rivers in Perm Krai have lengths exceeding 500 kilometres (310 mi). They are the Kama River at 1,805 kilometres (1,122 mi) and

350-407: Is Perm; manufactured aircraft and rocket engines , oil field and mining equipment, Petrol motive-powered saws, communication equipment, vessels , cable and other products. The largest enterprises are Motovilikha Plants and Perm Motors . Timber Complex edge based on the use of the richest forest resources of Prikamye. Logging facilities are located mainly in the north of the region. According to

385-754: Is in Europe, 0.2% in Asia. The maximum length from north to south is 645 km, from west to east — almost 420 km. The borders of the region are winding and have a length of more than 2.2 thousand km. The krai borders the Komi Republic in the north, Kirov Oblast in the northwest, the Udmurt Republic in the southwest, the Republic of Bashkortostan in the south, and Sverdlovsk Oblast in the east. The krai borders stretch for over 2,200 kilometres (1,400 mi). The highest point

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420-539: The 2021 Census , the population of Perm Krai is 2,532,405; down from 2,635,276 in the 2010 Census ; and further down from 3,099,994 recorded in the 1989 Census . Vital statistics for 2022: Total fertility rate (2022): 1.54 children per woman Life expectancy (2021): Total — 68.52 years (male — 63.48, female — 73.49) Death rates in some of the remote and rural areas in Perm Krai are very high, never seen before during times other than major wars or natural calamities. Just five districts out of

455-584: The Chusovaya River , 592 kilometres (368 mi). There are about 40 rivers with lengths from 100 to 500 kilometres (62 to 311 mi). The longest of them are: There are also many small rivers, but some of them have historical significance, for example Yegoshikha River , at the mouth of which the city of Perm was founded. Perm Krai has a continental climate. Winters are long and snowy, with average temperatures in January varying from −18 °C (0 °F) in

490-501: The Indo-Aryan term * maryá- 'man', literally 'mortal, one who is bound to die' (< PIE * mer- 'to die'), compare Old Indic márya 'young warrior' and Old Indic marut 'chariot warrior', both connected specifically with horses and chariots. This is supported by a document dated 1557, in which the Udmurts are referred to as lugovye lyudi 'meadow people', alongside

525-788: The Perm Opera and Ballet Theater , the Perm Academic Theater , the Puppet Theater, the Theater for Young Spectators, the Theater "Near Bridge", and others. There are many temples and convents in Perm Krai. The most significant of them are: Belogorsky Convent located in 85 km from Perm, Sludskaya Church, Fedosievskaya Church, Perm Mosque and others. Ordinsky is home to the Orda underwater caves . Located near Orda village in Perm region, Ural, Orda Cave

560-644: The federal subjects . Municipally , the territories of all administrative districts and those of nine cities of krai significance are incorporated as municipal districts. The remaining five cities are incorporated as urban okrugs. Nonferrous metallurgy is based on ore processing Verkhnekamskoye potash deposit containing magnesium and rare metals. The factories are located in Berezniki (Titanium Magnesium Plant Corporation VSMPO ) and Solikamsk (JSC Solikamsk magnesium plant). In engineering plays an important role military production. The largest center of engineering

595-647: The budgeting law of Perm Krai. The transitional period was implemented in part because Komi-Permyak Okrug relied heavily on federal subsidies, and an abrupt cut would have been detrimental to its economy. The final period of the Paleozoic era, the Permian , is named after the krai. Perm Krai is located to the east of the East European Plain and the western slope of the Middle Ural Mountains . 99.8% of its area

630-450: The chairman of the oblast Soviet (legislative power), and the chairman of the oblast Executive Committee (executive power). Since 1991, CPSU lost all the power, and the head of the Oblast administration, and eventually the governor was appointed/elected alongside elected regional parliament . The Charter of Perm Krai is the fundamental law of the region. The Legislative Assembly of Perm Krai is

665-577: The course of the Russian Empire , Udmurts have been referred to mainly as Chud Otyatskaya ( чудь отяцкая ), Otyaks , Wotyaks or Votyaks , all being exonyms. Today such exonyms are considered offensive by Udmurts themselves and are mainly used against those who have forgotten the Udmurt language. The Udmurts are closely related to Komis to their north, both linguistically and culturally. Most Udmurt people live in Udmurtia . Small groups live in

700-468: The data gathered by Kristiina Tambets and others (2018), the majority (about 70 %) of Udmurt men carry the haplogroup N . The high frequency of this East Eurasian-related haplogroup is a common pattern among Uralic-speaking peoples. Most Udmurt men belong to the subclade N1c and 16.8 percent of them belong the subclade N1b-P43 . The second most common Y-DNA haplogroup among Udmurts is R1a (19 %). The most common maternal haplogroup for Udmurts

735-622: The day to day matters of the province. The Oblast administration supports the activities of the Governor who is the highest official and acts as guarantor of the observance of the oblast Charter in accordance with the Constitution of Russia . Legislative power in the region is exercised by the Legislative Assembly of Perm Krai , which consists of 60 deputies elected by the inhabitants of the Krai for

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770-402: The developed ones are: 89 oil, 2 gas and 18 both oil and gas fields. Most of them are small and based in the central and southern districts of the krai. The northern fields are less developed because the oil lies deep under salt layers. Coal has been mined in Perm Krai for more than 200 years. For a long time it played an important role in the fuel and energy balance in the region. Maximum mining

805-452: The first part represents the Permic root * od(o) meaning 'meadow, glade, turf, greenery'. The second part, murt , means 'person' (cf. Komi mort , Mari mari , Mordvin mirď- ), probably an early borrowing from an Iranian language (such as Scythian ): * mertä or * martiya meaning 'person, man' (cf. Persian mard ). This, in turn, is thought to have been borrowed from

840-481: The governor of Perm Krai. The chief of police is Yuri Valyaev . Administratively , the krai is divided into thirty-three districts, fourteen cities of krai significance, and one closed administrative-territorial formation . Six administrative districts are grouped into Komi-Permyak Okrug , which is an administrative unit with special status formed within Perm Krai as a result of the 2005 merger of Perm Oblast and Komi-Permyak Autonomous Okrug, both of which used to be

875-458: The heaviest increases in City of Perm (+11%) and Komi-Permyak Autonomous Okrug (+18%). Among the districts, Kudymkar City recorded a 46% rise in birth rates for 2008 compared to 2007, while Usolsky recorded a 31% rise and Kyshertsky recorded a 29% rise. In 13 of the districts, there were more births than deaths, among them Ordynsky, Karagaysky, Kudimkar, Chernushynsky, Chaykovsky & Permsky. As of

910-522: The neighboring areas of Kirov Oblast and Perm Krai , Bashkortostan , Tatarstan , and Mari El . The Udmurt population is shrinking; the Russian Census reported 552,299 in 2010, down from the 2002 Russian census figure of 637,000, in turn down from 746,562 in 1989. The 2021 census counted fewer Udmurts than had the 1926 census . The Udmurt language belongs to the Uralic family. The Udmurts have

945-494: The northeast part of krai to −15 °C (5 °F) in southwest part. The record lowest recorded temperature was −53 °C (−63 °F) (in the north). Perm Krai has an abundance of minerals. Oil, natural gas, gold, diamonds, chromites, peat, limestone and building materials are among the many natural resources extracted. Oil in its area was first discovered in 1929 near settlement Verhnechusovskie Gorodki. Currently there are more than 180 oil and gas fields known. Among them

980-511: The overwhelming majority always remained with the nominees of United Russia, with victory in 20, 25, 24 and 27 out of 30 constituencies, respectively. The Directorate of the Ministry for Internal Affairs in Perm Krai (ГУ МВД России по Пермскому краю) or the Police of Perm (Полиция Перми) is the main law enforcement agency of the government of Perm Krai, Russia . It is answerable to the regional MVD and

1015-531: The people in his book The Golden Bough . Many Udmurt people have red hair , and a festival to celebrate the red-haired people has been held annually in Izhevsk since 2004. The Udmurts used to be semi-nomadic forest dwellers that lived in riverside communities. However, most Udmurts now live in towns. Although the clan-based social structure of the Udmurts no longer exists, its traces are still strong and it continues to shape modern Udmurt culture. According to

1050-513: The province's standing legislative (representative) body. The Legislative Assembly exercises its authority by passing laws, resolutions, and other legal acts and by supervising the implementation and observance of the laws and other legal acts passed by it. The highest executive body is the Oblast Government, which includes territorial executive bodies such as district administrations, committees, and commissions that facilitate development and run

1085-590: The south. There are 62 species of mammals, more than 270 species of birds, 39 species of fishes, 6 species of reptile and 9 species of amphibians. Three nature reserves are located in Perm Krai: Basegi , Vishera , Preduralie. During the Soviet period, the high authority in the oblast was shared between three persons: The first secretary of the Perm CPSU Committee (who in reality had the greatest authority),

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1120-494: The survey. In addition, 24% of the population declares to be " spiritual but not religious " and 14% to be either atheist or not religious. Perm Krai is home of several museums: Numerous architectural monuments are located in the small town of Usolye , in north of Perm Krai. Particularly important are the Saviour Cathedral, with a separate bell tower, and House of Stroganov . There are many theaters in Perm, including

1155-549: The title Udmurt . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Udmurt&oldid=911005568 " Categories : Disambiguation pages Place name disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Udmurt people The name Udmurt comes from * odo-mort 'meadow people,' where

1190-498: The traditional Russian name otyaki . On the other hand, in the Russian tradition, the name 'meadow people' refers to the inhabitants of the left bank of a river in general. Most relevant in this regard is the recent theory proposed by V. V. Napolskikh and S. K. Belykh, who suppose that the ethnonym was borrowed from Proto-Iranian entirely: * anta-marta meaning 'resident of outskirts, border zone' (cf. Antes ) → Proto-Permic * odə-mort → Udmurt udmurt . During

1225-534: Was in 1960 when it reached 12 million tonnes. Mining then decreased and there are no exploration of new fields. The Verkhnekamskoye deposit of potassium salts is one of the largest in the world. It is approx. 1,800 km (690 sq mi), and the thickness of the salt layers reaches 514 m. In 1841 the geological Permian Period was named after strata of rocks from that time were found in this area. Forests cover about 71% of Perm Krai's area. Coniferous forests predominate, with deciduous forests more common in

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