68-633: The USS Arizona Memorial , at Pearl Harbor in Honolulu , Hawaii , marks the resting place of 1,102 of the 1,177 sailors and Marines killed on USS Arizona during the attack on Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941, and commemorates the events of that day. The attack on Pearl Harbor led to the United States' involvement in World War II . The memorial, built in 1962, is visited by more than two million people annually. Accessible only by boat, it straddles
136-564: A National Geographic feature published in 2001, concerns were expressed that the continued deterioration of the Arizona ' s bulkheads and oil tanks from saltwater corrosion could pose a significant environmental threat from a rupture, resulting in a significant release of oil. The National Park Service states it has an ongoing program that closely monitors the submerged vessel's condition. The Park Service, as part of its Centennial Initiative celebrating its 100th anniversary in 2016, developed
204-638: A US Navy sailor killed two civilian workers and wounded another, before shooting himself at the Pearl Harbor Naval Shipyard . On October 14, 1992, the US Environmental Protection Agency added the Pearl Harbor Naval Complex as a superfund to the so-called National Priorities List . 21-gun salute A 21-gun salute is the most commonly recognized of the customary gun salutes that are performed by
272-519: A "Remembrance Circle". Nearby is USS Bowfin , a World War II diesel submarine , which may be toured with separate, paid admission. The battleship USS Missouri and the Pacific Aviation Museum Pearl Harbor may also be visited, but require a bus ride to Ford Island . On May 6, 2018, boat transportation to the memorial was suspended after one of the vessel operators noticed a crack on its outside. Although repairs were made,
340-403: A "mobile park" to tour the continental United States to increase exposure of the park. The mobile park also collected oral histories of the attack on Pearl Harbor. The marble wall is vulnerable to the presence of salt water vapor which causes stains and erosion damage to gradually appear. The original wall was replaced in 1984 and the first replacement wall was replaced in 2014. Upon the deck of
408-659: A death. The prime minister , heads of foreign missions, foreign heads of government, and the Vice President of the United States are entitled to a 19-gun salute. A 17-gun salute is given to the Canadian Minister of National Defence when visiting a saluting station (limited to once a year), as well as foreign ministers of defence. Before they were abolished in 1968 by the Trudeau government, royal salutes were fired in Ottawa,
476-532: A permanent memorial in Hawaii. Admiral Arthur W. Radford , commander of the Pacific Fleet , attached a flag pole to the main mast of the Arizona in 1950, and began a tradition of hoisting and lowering the flag. In that same year a temporary memorial was built above the remaining portion of the deckhouse. Radford requested funds for a national memorial in 1951 and 1952, but was denied because of budget constraints during
544-544: A rare occurrence, the 21-gun salute was given to the former Prime Minister and founding leader Lee Kuan Yew during his state funeral . Traditionally, the Sri Lanka Navy accords a 25-gun salute to the nation on the National day , which is 4 February each year. The salute is fired from the ceremonial naval gun battery at Colombo Lighthouse - a tradition inherited from prior British influence. It began with HMCyS Vijaya of
612-460: A result of a twenty-one gun salute (or more specifically, the lack of one). Nine unarmed U.S. sailors were arrested in Tampico , Tamaulipas , Mexico , for entering an off-limit area at a fuel loading station. Despite them being released, the U.S. Naval commander demanded an apology and a twenty-one gun salute. The apology was provided, but not the salute, giving President Woodrow Wilson reason to order
680-410: A token force. During the reign of King Kalākaua the United States was granted exclusive rights to enter Pearl Harbor and to establish "a coaling and repair station". Although this treaty continued in force until August 1898, the U.S. did not fortify Pearl Harbor as a naval base. As it had for 60 years, the shallow entrance constituted a formidable barrier against the use of the deep protected waters of
748-629: A wreath and scattering flowers over Arizona in honor of the Americans who perished there. On December 27, 2016, Japanese Prime Minister Shinzō Abe visited the memorial with President Barack Obama and paid respects to fallen service members there. Abe is the first Prime Minister of Japan to visit the USS Arizona Memorial, 75 years after the Japanese attack. It was a reciprocate visit to Obama's visit of Hiroshima Peace Memorial on May 27, 2016 as
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#1732837582129816-509: Is accorded to the French president , forming part of his "military honors" ( honneurs militaires ). The salute is given during the inauguration ceremony (by two 75mm guns ) and during naval visits. These honors are extended to foreign heads of state during state visits. During the British Raj , India developed a formal hierarchical system of gun salutes. At the time of Indian independence in 1947,
884-672: Is in the visitor center. (Its twin is in the clock tower of the Student Memorial Center at the University of Arizona in Tucson .) The shrine at the far end is a marble wall that bears the names of all those killed on Arizona , protected behind velvet ropes. To the left of the main wall is a small plaque which bears the names of thirty or so crew members who survived the 1941 sinking. Any surviving crew members of Arizona (or their families on their behalf) can have their ashes interred within
952-595: Is listed separately from the wreck on the National Register of Historic Places. The joint administration of the memorial by the United States Navy and the National Park Service was established on September 9, 1980. Oil leaking from the sunken battleship can still be seen rising from the wreckage to the water's surface. This oil is sometimes referred to as "the tears of the Arizona " or "black tears." In
1020-525: Is one of several sites in Hawaii that are part of the Pearl Harbor National Memorial . During and following the end of World War II, Arizona ' s wrecked superstructure was removed and efforts began to erect a memorial at the remaining submerged hull. Robert Ripley , of Ripley's Believe It or Not! fame, visited Pearl Harbor in 1942. Six years later, in 1948, he did a radio broadcast from Pearl Harbor. Following that broadcast, with
1088-585: The Arizona Memorial. The decision to have Missouri ' s bow face the Memorial was intended to convey that Missouri now watches over the remains of Arizona so that those interred within Arizona ' s hull may rest in peace. These measures have helped preserve the identities of the Arizona Memorial and the USS Missouri , thereby improving the public's perception of having Arizona and Missouri in
1156-467: The COVID-19 pandemic ). Because of the large number of visitors and the limited number of boat departures, most of the reservations available each day are often fully allocated weeks in advance, although a limited number are held back for release the day before. Before boarding the boat for the short trip to the Memorial, visitors view a 23-minute documentary film depicting the attack on Pearl Harbor. Touring of
1224-696: The Danish resistance group Holger Danske performed a salute of 21 bombs in the Ørstedsparken public park in central Copenhagen as a reference to the traditional 21-gun salute performed at the occasion of royal births. A 21-gun salute was used during the Parade of the Pharaohs (also called the Golden Parade) on April 3, 2021, when the mummies of Ancient Egyptian pharaohs were transferred to their new museum in Giza . Most of
1292-554: The Empire of Japan , marking the United States' entry into World War II . Pearl Harbor was originally an extensive shallow embayment called Wai Momi (meaning 'Waters of Pearl') or Puʻuloa (meaning 'long hill') by the Hawaiians . Puʻuloa was regarded as the home of the shark goddess, Kaʻahupahau, and her brother (or son), Kahiʻuka, in Hawaiian legends. According to tradition, Keaunui ,
1360-488: The Korean War . The Navy placed the first permanent memorial, a 10-foot (3 m)-tall basalt stone and plaque, over the mid-ship deckhouse on December 7, 1955. President Dwight D. Eisenhower approved the creation of a National Memorial in 1958. Enabling legislation required the memorial, budgeted at $ 500,000, be privately financed; however, $ 200,000 of the memorial cost was government subsidized. Principal contributions to
1428-912: The Queen's official birthday (also 62 rounds). On 10 April 2021, a 41-gun salute was fired to mark the death of Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh , with the timing changed from 1 round every 10 seconds to 1 round every minute, resulting in a total duration of 41 minutes for the salute. When Queen Elizabeth II died, a 96-gun salute was fired to represent the years of her life. Authorized military saluting stations are: in England: in Scotland: in Wales: in Northern Ireland: Salutes are also fired in Gibraltar . The practice of firing one gun for each state in
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#17328375821291496-543: The Royal Ceylon Navy , the first warship of the navy according a 25-gun salute on 4 February 1951 with its single 4-inch gun . The number of rounds fired in a salute depends on the place and occasion. The so called royal salute is 21 rounds. Authorized saluting stations are: The number of rounds fired in a salute depends on the place and occasion. The basic salute is 21 rounds. In Hyde Park and Green Park an extra 20 rounds are added because they are Royal Parks. At
1564-428: The U.S. occupation of the port of Veracruz . The gun salutes fired in the United States are as follows: A U.S. presidential death also involves 21-gun salutes and other military traditions. On the day after the death of the president, a former president or president-elect—unless this day falls on a Sunday or holiday, in which case the honor will be rendered the following day—the commanders of Army installations with
1632-483: The battleship USS Missouri in Tokyo Bay , the Japanese surrendered to United States General Douglas MacArthur and Admiral Chester W. Nimitz , ending World War II. In 1999, Missouri was moved to Pearl Harbor from the United States west coast and docked behind, and in line, with USS Arizona , placing it perpendicular to the USS Arizona Memorial. The pairing of the two ships became an evocative symbol of
1700-581: The 21-gun salute, the current tradition holds the salute on Independence Day to be a 50 rounds—one round for each state in the union. This 'Salute to the Nation' is fired at noon on 4 July, on U.S. military installations. The U.S. Navy recognizes Presidents' Day and Memorial Day with a 21-gun salute at 1200. In April 1914, during the Mexican Revolution , the Tampico Affair occurred, and escalated as
1768-518: The American continent were accompanied by the work of the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions . American missionaries and their families became an integral part of the Hawaiian political body. Throughout the 1820s and 1830s, many American warships visited Honolulu. In most cases, the commanding officers carried letters from the U.S. Government giving advice on governmental affairs and of
1836-613: The Government of India. In Indonesia , the 21-gun salute is done during state visits of foreign heads of state visiting Indonesia. The modified 17-gun salute is executed during the commemoration of the precise seconds of the proclamation of the independence of Indonesia on the 17 of August at 10:00 near the Merdeka Palace in Jakarta . It is also done in other cities in Indonesia during
1904-427: The Memorial is self-guided. The National Park Service Web site provides visitor information, including hours of operation and ticketing advisories. A one-hour audio tour of the Memorial and Center exhibits, narrated by actress Jamie Lee Curtis , whose father, Tony Curtis was a World War II and Navy veteran, is available for rent at the visitor center. On the center's grounds along the shoreline are more exhibits and
1972-516: The Navy and the Air Force merged their two nearby bases; Pearl Harbor joined with Hickam Air Force Base to create Joint Base Pearl Harbor–Hickam . In December 2016, Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe made a joint visit to Pearl Harbor with US President Barack Obama . This trip marked the 75th anniversary of the attack and was the first official visit by a sitting Japanese leader. On December 4, 2019,
2040-611: The Tower of London 62 rounds are fired on royal anniversaries (the basic 21, plus a further 20 because the Tower is a Royal Palace and Fortress, plus another 21 'for the City of London ') and 41 on other occasions. The Tower of London probably holds the record for the most rounds fired in a single salute – 124 were fired when the Duke of Edinburgh 's birthday (62 rounds) coincided with the Saturday designated as
2108-636: The United States." From the conclusion of the Civil War , to the purchase of Alaska , to the increased importance of the Pacific states, the projected trade with countries in Asia and the desire for a duty-free market for Hawaiian staples, Hawaiian trade expanded. In 1865, the North Pacific Squadron was formed to embrace the western coast and Hawaii. Lackawanna in the following year was assigned to cruise among
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2176-544: The air defense of Hawaii, for American commanders thought the Japanese would attack either Wake Island or the Philippines and had no understanding of the capabilities and proper employment of air power. As it was, had the Pacific Fleet acted on the war warnings, it undoubtedly would have sortied and been at sea on December 7, where the major ships would have been sunk in deep water, making salvage impossible. Shortly after
2244-498: The beginning and end of the United States' participation in the war. USS Arizona Memorial staff initially criticized the placement of Missouri , saying the large battleship would "overshadow" the Arizona Memorial. To guard against this perception, Missouri was placed well back of the Arizona Memorial, and positioned in Pearl Harbor to prevent those participating in military ceremonies on Missouri ' s aft decks from seeing
2312-473: The cracks reappeared. The memorial was closed on May 26, 2018, and remained closed until September 1, 2019, but boat tours around the memorial and the other ships on Battleship Row continued to be made. The memorial briefly closed again in September and December of 2021 due to safety issues with the dock. Since it was formally dedicated in 1962, every U.S. President has made a pilgrimage to the memorial, presenting
2380-434: The date of the attack. There are rumors that the 21 windows symbolically represent a 21-gun salute or 21 Marines standing at eternal parade rest over the tomb of the fallen, but guides at the site have confirmed that this was not the architect's intention. The memorial also has an opening in the floor overlooking the sunken decks. It is from this opening that visitors can pay their respects by tossing flowers in honor of
2448-602: The desire for the United States to have a permanent presence in the Pacific both contributed to the decision. Following the overthrow of the Hawaiian Kingdom, the United States Navy established a base on the island in 1899. On December 7, 1941, the base was attacked by the Imperial Japanese Navy airplanes and midget submarines, causing the American entry into World War II . There was no meaningful plan for
2516-463: The devastating Japanese surprise attack at Pearl Harbor, two American military commanders, Lt. Gen. Walter Short and Adm. Husband Kimmel , were demoted of their full ranks. The two American commanders later sought to restore their reputations and full ranks. Over the years, Pearl Harbor remained a main base for the US Pacific Fleet after World War II along with Naval Base San Diego . In 2010,
2584-509: The early nineteenth century, Pearl Harbor was not used for large ships due to its shallow entrance. The United States' interest in the Hawaiian Islands grew as a result of its whaling, shipping and trading activity in the Pacific. As early as 1820, an "Agent of the United States for Commerce and Seamen" was appointed to look after American business in the Port of Honolulu . These commercial ties to
2652-427: The ends, expresses initial defeat and ultimate victory ... The overall effect is one of serenity. Overtones of sadness have been omitted, to permit the individual to contemplate his own personal responses ... his innermost feelings." The national memorial has three main parts: entry, assembly room, and shrine. The central assembly room features seven large open windows on either wall and ceiling, to commemorate
2720-523: The fallen sailors. In the past, leis were tossed in the water, but because string from leis poses a hazard to sea life, leis now are placed on guardrails in front of the names of the fallen. One of Arizona ' s three 19,585-pound (8,884 kg) anchors is displayed at the visitor center's entrance. ( One of the other two is at the Arizona State Capitol in Phoenix .) One of the two ship's bells
2788-457: The firing of cannons or artillery as a military honor. As naval customs evolved, 21 guns came to be fired for heads of state , or in exceptional circumstances for heads of government , with the number decreasing with the rank of the recipient of the honor. While the 21-gun salute is the most commonly recognized, the number of rounds fired in any given salute will vary depending on the conditions. Circumstances affecting these variations include
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2856-483: The first visit by a sitting U.S. President. When Abe planned the visit, he mistakenly thought he would be the first sitting Prime Minister to visit Honolulu, not knowing three of his predecessors paid quiet but official visits in 1951, 1956 and 1957, including his grandfather in 1951. To ensure Abe's visit would be unprecedented, the USS Arizona Memorial was chosen. Every United States Navy, Coast Guard , and Merchant Marine vessel entering Pearl Harbor participates in
2924-406: The form of a bridge floating above the ship and accommodating 200 people. The 184-foot-long (56 m) structure has two peaks at each end connected by a sag in the center of the structure. Critics initially called the design a "squashed milk carton". The architecture of the USS Arizona Memorial is explained by Preis as, "Wherein the structure sags in the center but stands strong and vigorous at
2992-494: The harbor and surrounding lands are now a United States Navy deep-water naval base. It is also the headquarters of the United States Pacific Fleet . The U.S. government first obtained exclusive use of the inlet and the right to maintain a repair and coaling station for ships here in 1887. The surprise attack on the harbor by the Imperial Japanese Navy on December 7, 1941, led the United States to declare war on
3060-405: The head of the powerful Ewa chiefs, is credited with cutting a navigable channel near the present Puʻuloa saltworks, by which he made the estuary, known as "Pearl River", accessible to navigation. Making due allowance for legendary amplification, the estuary already had an outlet for its waters where the present gap is; but Keaunui is typically given the credit for widening and deepening it. During
3128-526: The help of his longtime friend Doug Storer, he got in contact with the Department of the Navy . He wrote letters to Rear Admiral J.J. Manning of the Bureau of Yards and Docks regarding his desire for a permanent memorial. While Ripley's original idea for a memorial was disregarded due to the cost, the Navy continued with the idea of creating a memorial. The Pacific War Memorial Commission was created in 1949 to build
3196-719: The hierarchy of salutes within British India stood as follows: Prior to Indian independence in 1947, the Viceroy of India received a unique viceregal salute of 31 guns. After 1947, the 31-gun salute was retained for honouring the Governor-General of India (1947–1950). In addition, 118 out of the roughly 565 princely states were classified as " salute states ". The rulers of salute states were granted gun salutes ranging from 9 guns to 21 guns. This system continued till 1971 when privileges and Privy Purses of ex-rulers were abolished by
3264-531: The independence day commemoration ceremonies. See the 17-gun salute in Indonesia here: Indonesian Independence Day 17-gun salute In Israel the practice of gun salute has been eliminated due to the country having "suffered many terror attacks". A 21-gun salute is carried out for National Day Parades in Singapore by the Singapore Artillery during the presidential inspection of parade contingents. In
3332-602: The inner harbor. The United States and the Hawaiian Kingdom signed the Reciprocity Treaty of 1875 as supplemented by Convention on December 6, 1884. This treaty was ratified in 1887. On January 20, 1887, the United States Senate allowed the Navy the exclusive right to maintain a coaling and repair station at Pearl Harbor. (The US took possession on November 9 that year). The Spanish–American War of 1898 and
3400-536: The islands and to the mainland aboard U.S. warships were arranged for members of the Hawaiian royal family and important island government officials. When King Lunalilo died in 1873, negotiations were underway for the cession of Pearl Harbor as a port for the duty-free export of sugar to the U.S. With the election of King Kalākaua in March 1874, a riot prompted landing of sailors from USS Tuscarora and Portsmouth . The British warship, HMS Tenedos , also landed
3468-604: The islands, "a locality of great and increasing interest and importance". This vessel surveyed the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands toward Japan. As a result, the United States claimed Midway Island . The Secretary of the Navy was able to write in his annual report of 1868, that in November 1867, 42 American flags flew over whaleships and merchant vessels in Honolulu to only six of other nations. This increased activity caused
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#17328375821293536-458: The members of the Armed Forces of the United States who gave their lives to their country during the attack on Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, on December 7, 1941." The national memorial was designed by Honolulu architect Alfred Preis , who was detained at Sand Island at the start of the war as an enemy of the country, because of his Austrian birth. The United States Navy specified the memorial be in
3604-412: The memorial included: During planning stages, the memorial's purpose was the subject of competing visions. Some were eager to keep it a tribute to the sailors of the Arizona , while others expected a dedication to all who died in the Pacific theater. In the end, the legislation authorizing and funding the memorial (HR 44, 1961) declared that the Arizona would "be maintained in honor and commemoration of
3672-487: The monument by the three states in which it was located, naming the Hawaii site as Pearl Harbor National Memorial . Pearl Harbor Pearl Harbor is an American lagoon harbor on the island of Oahu , Hawaii, west of Honolulu . It was often visited by the naval fleet of the United States , before it was acquired from the Hawaiian Kingdom by the U.S. with the signing of the Reciprocity Treaty of 1875 . Much of
3740-623: The mummies belonged to the New Kingdom period, which ruled Egypt between 1539 BC to 1075 BC. A 21-gun salute was used during the funeral of former Egyptian president Hosni Mubarak in February 2020. A 21 gun salute was used after President Abdel Fattah el-Sisi was sworn in on 8 June 2014. A final 21-gun salute was also fired to honor King Farouk prior to his embarking on the yacht Mahrousa that brought him to exile in Italy in 1952. The 21-gun salute
3808-405: The necessary personnel and material traditionally order that one gun be fired every half-hour, beginning at reveille and ending at retreat . On the day of burial, a 21-minute gun salute traditionally is fired starting at noon at all military installations with the necessary personnel and material. Guns will be fired at one-minute intervals. Also on the day of burial, those installations will fire
3876-419: The particular occasion and, in the case of military and state funerals , the branch of service, and rank (or office) of the person to whom honors are being rendered. The custom stems from naval tradition in the sixteenth century, when a warship would show its peaceful intent by firing its cannons harmlessly out to sea until its ammunition was depleted. Since cannons then required a considerable time to reload,
3944-577: The permanent assignment of at least one warship to Hawaiian waters. It also praised Midway Island as possessing a harbor surpassing Honolulu's. In the following year, Congress approved an appropriation of $ 50,000 on March 1, 1869, to deepen the approaches to this harbor. After 1868, when the Commander of the Pacific Fleet visited the islands to look after American interests, naval officers played an important role in internal affairs. They served as arbitrators in business disputes, negotiators of trade agreements and defenders of law and order. Periodic voyages among
4012-598: The provincial capitals, and Montreal and Vancouver also on the Queen's Accession Day (6 February), the Queen's actual birthday (21 April), the Queen's Coronation Day (2 June), the Birthday of the Duke of Edinburgh (10 June), and the Birthday of Queen Elizabeth the Queen Mother (4 August). 21-gun salutes are fired when welcoming heads of state to China, e.g. presidents, monarchs, governors-general. 19-gun salutes are fired when welcoming heads of government to China, e.g. prime ministers, chancellors, etc. 12-gun salutes are fired in three-volley form every year during commemorations of
4080-416: The relations of the island nation with foreign powers. In 1841, the newspaper Polynesian , printed in Honolulu, advocated that the U.S. establish a naval base in Hawaii for the protection of American citizens engaged in the whaling industry. The British Hawaiian Minister of Foreign Affairs Robert Crichton Wyllie , remarked in 1840 that, "... my opinion is that the tide of events rushes on to annexation to
4148-408: The repatriation of Chinese People's Volunteers soldiers from South Korea. The number of gun salutes fired at military parades depends on how many years of a specific event it is commemorating. For example, a 100-gun salute was fired at the CPC Centenary service in 2021. The day after the birth of Princess Benedikte in 1944 which took place during Nazi Germany 's Occupation of Denmark , members of
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#17328375821294216-432: The same harbor. The visitor center operated by the National Park Service is free to the public and has a museum with exhibits about the Pearl Harbor attack, such as the ship's bell from Arizona . More than one million people visit the memorial each year. Access to the USS Arizona Memorial is by U.S. Navy boat, for which an online reservation is required (in-person reservations were discontinued in February 2021, due to
4284-467: The ship was effectively disarmed, signifying the lack of hostile intent. In the earliest days, seven guns was the recognized British national salute. In those days, gunpowder made from sodium nitrate was easier to keep on dry land than at sea. The early regulations stated that although a ship would fire only seven guns, the forts ashore would fire three shots to each one shot afloat, hence the number 21. Odd numbers were chosen, as even numbers indicated
4352-574: The ship, or to have their urns placed within the well of the barbette of Turret No. 4. As a special tribute to the ship and her lost crew, the United States flag flies from the flagpole, which is attached to the severed mainmast of the sunken battleship. The USS Arizona National Memorial was one of the nine major historical sites incorporated into the wide-ranging World War II Valor in the Pacific National Monument , established by Congress in 2008 and dedicated on December 7, 2010. The John D. Dingell, Jr. Conservation, Management, and Recreation Act divided
4420-426: The sunken hull of the battleship without touching it. Historical information about the attack, shuttle boats to and from the memorial, and general visitor services are available at the associated USS Arizona Memorial Visitor Center, which opened in 1980 and is operated by the National Park Service . The battleship's sunken remains were declared a National Historic Landmark on May 5, 1989. The USS Arizona Memorial
4488-413: The tradition of " manning the rails ." Personnel serving on these ships stand at attention at the ship's guard rails and salute the USS Arizona Memorial in solemn fashion as their ship slowly glides into port. Arizona is no longer in commission, but is an active U.S. military cemetery . As survivors of the attack on Arizona pass away, many choose either to have their ashes scattered in the water over
4556-441: The union was not officially authorized until 1810, when the United States Department of War declared the number of rounds fired in the "National Salute" to be equivalent to the number of states, which at the time was 17. The tradition continued until 1841 when it was reduced from 26 to 21. In 1842, the United States declared the 21-gun salute as its "Presidential Salute". While the "National Salute" had been formally established as
4624-447: The wreck by U.S. Navy divers. The USS Arizona Memorial was formally dedicated on May 30, 1962 ( Memorial Day ) by Texas Congressman and Chairman of Veteran Affairs Olin E. Teague and future- Governor John A. Burns . It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on October 15, 1966. While the wreck of the Arizona was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1989, the memorial does not share this status. Rather, it
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