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62-559: It arrived in Savoy in the early 19th century, and by the end of the century it was the most widely grown red wine grape in the region. It is the second most widely planted red grape in Argentina (after Malbec ). The grape is also grown in California where it is known as Charbono . In California, Bonarda/Douce noir/Charbono is produced in very limited amounts with the grape having been described as

124-608: A " cult wine " for its scarcity and devotion of its connoisseurs. However, journalists such as Alan Goldfarb describes the variety as "... the Rodney Dangerfield of wine" and notes that it is a hard variety to find a market for. Some of the early synonyms of Douce noir, Plant de Turin and Turin , hinted that the grape have originated in the Piedmont wine region of Italy. The name Douce noir itself means "sweet black" in French which

186-536: A Malbec vineyard at almost 1500 m (5,000 feet) elevation in the Gualtallary sub-district of Tupungato , the Adrianna Vineyard . He was also the first to develop a clonal selection of Argentine Malbec. High-altitude Mendoza has attracted many notable foreign winemakers, such as Paul Hobbs, Michel Rolland , Herve Joyaux-Fabre, Roberto Cipresso and Alberto Antonini . Today, there are several Malbecs from

248-716: A budget-priced La Moneda Reserve Malbec from the UK supermarket chain Asda won the Platinum Best in Show prize in a blind tasting at the Decanter World Wine awards. The grapevine was introduced to Australia in the 19th century and was mostly a bulk wine producing grape. The particular clones planted in Australia were of poor quality and highly susceptible to coulure, frost and downy mildew. By

310-513: A few years ago in the area. It was not until 1993 that the Viu Manent vineyard became the first Chilean winery to produce, bottle and market 100% Malbec wines produced in the country, from the vineyard they had for more than 100 years in the city of Santa Cruz in the Colchagua where this variety was found. In 2016, a hundred-year-old Malbec plantation was also discovered in the city of San Rosendo , in

372-462: A high phenolic content which requires heat in order to achieve physiological ripeness but excessive heat can risk creating "cooked flavors" in the resulting wines. Growers in California have discovered some of the more ideal vineyard locations for Douce noir/Charbono are warm-climate sites with significant diurnal temperature variations from a drop in night time temperature. In California, many of

434-570: A plusher texture and riper tannins. The wines tend to have juicy fruit notes with violet aromas. In very warm regions of Argentina and Australia, the acidity of the wine may be too low which can cause a wine to taste flabby and weak. Malbec grown in Washington state tends to be characterized by dark fruit notes and herbal aromas. An exception to this in Washington State is Malbec grown in the high desert Lake Chelan AVA terroir. Malbec grapes grown in

496-586: A significant portion of Malbec vines in Bordeaux, allowing many growers a chance to start anew with different varieties. By 1968, plantings in the Libournais were down to 4,900 hectares (12,100 acres) and fell further to 1,400 hectares (3,460 acres) by 2000. While Malbec has since become a popular component of New World meritages or Bordeaux blends, and although it is still a permitted variety in all major wine regions of Bordeaux , its presence in Bordeaux has dwindled;

558-488: A varietal wine that Master of Wine Jancis Robinson notes has the potential to be of high quality. In California, where the grape is known as Charbono , the variety has a long history in the Napa Valley where it was an important variety for producers such as Inglenook and Parducci , even though it was mistakenly labeled as Barbera , and sometimes Pinot noir , until the 1930s. Inglenook won many wine competitions with

620-465: A varietal wine. There, many of the Bonarda/Douce noir/Charbono vines planted are very old, producing a very dense, medium to full bodied wine with a deep, inky purple color and moderate acidity . The wines often have black fruit and plum aroma and flavor notes that can develop into leather and tar notes as the wine ages. Well-made examples from favorable vintages can have the potential to age in

682-612: A very versatile wine that can be paired with game meat as well as chicken , cheese and seafood dishes in heavy sauces. Over the years Bonarda/Douce noir has been known under a variety of synonyms including: Alcantino, Aleante, Batiolin, Bathiolin (in Albertville ), Blaue Gansfuesser, Bonarda (in Argentina), Bourdon noir, Carbonneau, Charbonneau (in Jura ), Charbono (in California), Corbeau (in

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744-577: Is a purple grape variety used in making red wine . The grapes tend to have an inky dark color and robust tannins , and are known as one of the six grapes allowed in the blend of red Bordeaux wine . In France, plantations of Malbec are now found primarily in Cahors in South West France , though the grape is grown worldwide. It is also available as an Argentine varietal . The grape became less popular in Bordeaux after 1956 when frost killed off 75% of

806-656: Is a red Italian wine grape variety that is grown in the northwestern region of Piedmont . Prior to the phylloxera epidemic of the 19th century, Bonarda was speculated to have accounted for 30% of the plantings in Piedmont but today is only found in scattered plantings along the left bank of the Tanaro river near Govone . In the mid-1990s, the grape experienced a slight revival as Piedmontese producers sought to add more aromatics to their Barbera wines by blending in Bonarda. Despite

868-610: Is also permitted in the Vin Délimité de Qualité Supérieure (VDQS) of Côtes du Brulhois . In Le Midi region of the Languedoc , it is permitted (but rarely grown) in the AOC regions of Cabardès and Côtes de Malepère . There is a small amount of Malbec grown in the middle Loire Valley and permitted in the AOCs of Anjou , Coteaux du Loir , Touraine and the sparkling wine AOC of Saumur where it

930-644: Is blended with Cabernet Sauvignon and Gamay. Still, as elsewhere in France, Malbec is losing acreage to other varieties—most notably Cabernet Franc in the Loire. Though the grape was historically a major planting in Bordeaux , providing color and fruit to its blends , in the 20th century it started to lose ground to Merlot and Cabernet Franc . This was due, in part, to its vulnerabilities to so many different vine ailments (coulure, downy mildew, frost). The severe 1956 frost wiped out

992-470: Is granitic, which causes the malbec of the area to contain a special minerality, in addition the influence of the coast and the mountains give acidity and freshness to the Chilean malbec, these conditions cause an important difference in its par Also, Chilean Malbec tends to have a fresher and more fruity flavor, because it is not harvested as ripe as other Malbec productions in the world. Prior to Prohibition in

1054-413: Is not trellised but is instead cultivated as bush vines (the goblet system). In such cases, it is sometimes kept to a relatively low yield of about 6 tons per hectare. Wines produced using this growing method are rich, dark, and juicy. As a varietal, Malbec creates a rather inky red (or violet), intense wine, so it is also commonly used in blends, such as with Merlot and Cabernet Sauvignon to create

1116-664: Is planted in the Lake Chelan AVA where it has consistently produced wines of exceptional quality. Other AVAs in the United States producing Malbec include the Ohio appellation of Grand River Valley, the New York appellations of North Fork of Long Island and Finger Lakes ; the Oregon appellations of Applegate Valley , Rogue Valley , Southern Oregon , Umpqua Valley and Willamette Valley ;

1178-503: Is similar to the Italian name of the Piedmont grape Dolcetto nero ("small sweet black") which further lead to the fact that Douce noir had Piedmontese origins. This hypothesis, as well as any relation with Dolcetto, would later be dispelled by DNA analysis in the 21st century and today ampelographers believe that the grape likely originated in the Savoie region of eastern France. In Savoie,

1240-811: Is the dominant red variety in Cahors where the Appellation Controlée regulations for Cahors require a minimum content of 70%. Introduced to Argentina by French agricultural engineer Michel Pouget in 1868, Malbec is now widely planted in Argentina. Grapes from this region produce softer, less tannic-driven wines than those from Cahors. There were once 50,000 hectares planted with Malbec in Argentina; now there are 25,000 hectares in Mendoza alone, in addition to production in La Rioja , Salta , San Juan , Catamarca and Buenos Aires . Chile has 2,361 hectares planted with Malbec,

1302-441: Is the second most widely planted red grape variety in the country after Malbec and representing 8% of the country's total vineyard plantings. The vast majority of the plantings are in the Mendoza wine region but significant plantings can also be found in the La Rioja , San Juan , and (the relatively unknown) Catamarca provinces. Here the grape is used for both blending (sometimes with Malbec or even Cabernet Sauvignon ) but also as

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1364-694: The Ain and Isère departments as well as Jura), Cot Merille, Cot Rouge Merille, Cote Rouge, Dolcetto Grosso, Dolutz, Douce noire, Folle Noire d L'Ariege, Grenoblois, Korbo, Mauvais noir, Ocanette, Picot Rouge, Plant de Calarin, Plant de Montmelion, Plant de Savoie, Plant de Turin (in Jura), Plant noir (in the Haute-Savoie department), Turca (in the Trentino region of Italy), Turin (in Jura) and Turino. Malbec Malbec ( French pronunciation: [malbɛk] )

1426-475: The Baja California region of Mexico . At one point Malbec was grown in 30 different departments of France , a legacy that is still present in the list of local synonyms for the variety, which easily surpasses 1000 names. In recent times, however, the popularity of the variety has been steadily declining with a 2000 census reporting only 15,000 acres (6,100 hectares) of the vine, which are mostly consigned to

1488-726: The Biobío Region , which was brought to the area by French settlers at the end of the 19th century, which had also been blended with other vines from the area. Currently, the largest amount of Malbec production in Chile is located in the Maule Region , however there are also important plantations of the strain in the Biobío regions and in the Colchagua Valley area. The Terroir of the Maule Region

1550-944: The Idaho appellation of the Snake River Valley ; the Texas appellations of Texas High Plains and Texas Hill Country ; the Virginia appellations of Monticello and North Fork of Roanoke ; the North Carolina appellation of the Yadkin Valley ; the Michigan appellations of the Old Mission Peninsula and Leelanau Peninsula ; the New Jersey appellation of the Outer Coastal Plain and

1612-572: The New World wine regions of California and Argentina than it is in native France. In 2007 there were only 2 hectares (5 acres) of Douce noir reported in production most of it in the Savoie and Jura wine region where it is often blended with Persan . One producer makes a varietal style under the Vin de Pays d'Allobrogie designation. In Argentina, the 18,759 hectares (46,354 acres) of Bonarda/Douce noir makes it

1674-613: The Turca grape growing in the Veneto wine region of northeast Italy since at least the early 20th century was actually Bonarda. This came after the discovery that the Charbono wine grape of California, introduced to the Napa Valley as Barbera by Italian immigrants in the early 19th century, was also Bonarda/Douce noir/Corbeau. Further research confirmed by 2008 that the Bonarda/Charbono grape that

1736-551: The Uco Valley . These districts are located in the foothills of the Andes mountains between 800 m and 1500 m elevation (2,800 to 5,000 feet). Argentine vintner Nicolás Catena Zapata has been widely credited for elevating the status of Argentine Malbec and the Mendoza region through serious experimentation into the effects of high altitude. In 1994, he was the first to plant

1798-427: The phylloxera epidemic . Argentine Malbec wine is characterized by its deep color and intense fruity flavors with a velvety texture. While they lack the tannic structure of French Malbecs, being more plush in texture, Argentine Malbecs have shown aging potential similar to their French counterparts. Argentina's most highly rated Malbec wines originate from Mendoza 's high altitude wine regions of Luján de Cuyo and

1860-451: The Argentine wine industry shifted its focus to premium wine production for export. As the Argentine wine industry discovered the unique quality of wine that could be made from the grape, Malbec arose to greater prominence and is today the most widely planted red grape variety in the country. As of 2003 there were over 20,000 hectares (50,000 acres) of Malbec in Argentina. The Mendoza region is

1922-549: The Bonarda/Douce noir/Charbono vines are very old with some blocks over 70 years old. Many of these vines have developed various viral grape diseases and producers have slowly been replanting acres with young vines of newer clones and rootstock . The yield for many of these older plantings is often around 2.5 to 3 tons/acre (approximately 47 to 57 hectoliters / hectares ) while younger plantings can often produce 6 to 8 tons/acre (approximately 114 to 152 hl/ha). Despite sharing several synonyms and often being confused for one or

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1984-472: The French agronomist Michel Pouget to bring grapevine cuttings from France to Argentina. Among the vines that Pouget brought were the very first Malbec vines to be planted in the country. During the economic turmoil of the 20th century, some plantings of Malbec were pulled out to make way for the jug wine producing varieties of Criolla Grande and Cereza . The grape was rediscovered in the late 20th century as

2046-463: The French style of Malbec common in the Libournais (Bordeaux region) as a "rustic" version of Merlot, softer in tannins and lower in acidity with blackberry fruit in its youth. The Malbec of the Cahors region is much more tannic with more phenolic compounds that contribute to its dark color. Oz Clarke describes Cahors' Malbec as dark purple in color with aromas of damsons , tobacco, garlic, and raisin . In Argentina, Malbec becomes softer with

2108-545: The Malbec grape is referred to as Auxerrois or Côt Noir; this is sometimes confused with Auxerrois blanc , which is an entirely different variety. The Malbec grape is a thin-skinned grape and needs more sun and heat than either Cabernet Sauvignon or Merlot to mature. It ripens mid-season and can bring very deep color, ample tannin , and a particular plum-like flavor component which adds complexity to claret blends. Sometimes, especially in its traditional growing regions, it

2170-476: The United States , Malbec was a significant variety in California used mainly for blended bulk wine production. After Prohibition, the grape was a minor variety until it experienced a surge of interest as a component of " Meritage " Bordeaux-style blends in the mid-1990s. Between 1995 and 2003, plantings of Malbec in California increased from 404 hectares (1,000 acres) to more than 2,830 hectares (7000 acres). While

2232-1249: The appearance of Californian varietal Malbec is increasing, the grape is still most widely used for blending. In California, the American Viticultural Areas (AVA) with the most plantings of Malbec include Napa Valley , Alexander Valley , Paso Robles and Sonoma Valley . Other regions in California with some plantings of Malbec include Livermore Valley , Atlas Peak , Carmel Valley , Los Carneros , Ramona Valley , Central Coast , Red Hills Lake County , Chalk Hill , Clear Lake , Diamond Mountain District , Russian River Valley , Dry Creek Valley , Rutherford , El Dorado , San Lucas , Santa Clara Valley , Santa Cruz Mountains , Santa Lucia Highlands , Santa Maria Valley , Santa Ynez Valley , Howell Mountain , Sierra Foothills , Knights Valley , Spring Mountain District , St. Helena , Lodi , Stags Leap District , Madera , Suisun Valley , Temecula Valley , Monterey , Mount Veeder , North Coast , Oak Knoll District , Yorkville Highlands , Oakville , Paicines , Clements Hills , Fair Play , Willow Creek , North Yuba , and Yountville . Seven Hills Winery planted

2294-499: The bottle for 10 to 20 years. In Argentina, varietal examples of Douce noir/Bonarda are similarly characterized by a deep purple color with notes of cassis , fennel , cherry , and dried fig . Wine expert Oz Clarke notes that the grape needs a long growing season and time to fully ripen or the wines will have green, vegetal flavors. Bonarda/Douce noir lends itself to moderate alcohol levels , only very rarely going above 14%. In food and wine pairings , this can make Douce noir

2356-675: The clones of Malbec found in France and in Argentina, with Argentine Malbec tending to have smaller berries. A comparative research study conducted by the Catena Institute of Wine and University of California, Davis , examined the difference between the phenolic composition of Malbec wines from California and Mendoza, Argentina. Sixteen vineyards in California and twenty-six blocks in Mendoza were selected based on their uniformity and regional representativeness. The study concluded that there are distinct flavor and compositional differences in Malbec wines produced in Mendoza and California. Malbec

2418-431: The crop. Despite Cahors being hit by the same frost, which devastated the vineyards, Malbec was replanted and continued to be popular in that area. Winemakers in the region frequently mixed Malbec with Merlot and Tannat to make dark, full-bodied wines, but have ventured into 100% Malbec varietal wines more recently. A popular but unconfirmed theory claims that Malbec is named after a Hungarian peasant who first spread

2480-473: The development of new clones and vineyard management techniques have helped control some of these potential problems. When it is not afflicted with these various ailments, particularly coulure, it does have the potential to produce high yields. Malbec seems to be able to produce well in a variety of soil types but in the limestone based soils of Cahors it seems to produce its most dark and tannic manifestation. There are distinct ampelographical differences in

2542-426: The earliest mention of the grape variety dates to a letter written on November 24, 1803 by the mayor of Saint-Pierre-d'Albigny to the prefect of Savoie describing the grape varieties growing in his commune. Other documents showed that Douce noir was also widely planted in the communes of Arbin and Montmélian and by the end of the 19th century it was the most widely planted red grape variety in Savoie. Douce noir

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2604-470: The first malbec strains would be exported from Chile to Argentina, specifically to the Mendoza region. At the end of the century XIX, French winemakers began to expand Malbec plantations to other regions of the central-south zone of Chile, however they mixed them with other varieties, so the production of Malbec gradually faded over the years, as was the case in the Maule Region , since centenary Malbec vines that had been mixed with other vines were discovered

2666-692: The first vines of Malbec planted in Oregon state in the late 1990s in their Windrow vineyard in the Walla Walla Valley . Since the turn of the 21st century, several wineries have been experimenting with 100% varietal Malbec as well as using the variety in Meritage blends. In Washington state it is grown predominately in the Columbia Valley and the sub-AVAs of Walla Walla Valley, Rattlesnake Hills , Red Mountain , Wahluke Slope , Horse Heaven Hills and Yakima Valley . Elsewhere in Washington State, Malbec

2728-475: The glacial soils found within the Lake Chelan AVA produce wines possessing ripe raspberry - black fruit aromas and flavors with moderate acidity and tannins. The C R Sandidge Purtteman and Tsillan Cellars estate vineyards are known to produce stellar Malbec wines. The French ampelographer Pierre Galet has documented over a thousand different synonyms for Malbec, stemming in part from its peak period when it

2790-410: The grape Bonarda/Douce noir/Corbeau. In 2008, there were 36 hectares (88 acres) of Bonarda/Charbono/Douce noir with nearly half of those plantings in Napa Valley, particularly in the warm Calistoga AVA . Other plantings can be found in the American Viticultural Areas of Monterey , Madera , Mendocino Lodi , Dos Rios , Sierra Foothills and Mount Veeder . While sometimes used a blending variety,

2852-461: The grape has been prominently featured as a varietal or major component of wines from Heitz Wine Cellars , Turley Wine Cellars , Castoro Cellars , Pear Valley Vineyards Robert Foley , and Bonny Doon Vineyard . In the Old World wine regions of France and Italy, Bonarda/Douce noir is often used as blending grape contributing to the mid-palate of the wine. In California, the grape is often made as

2914-438: The grape variety throughout France. French ampelographer and viticulturalist Pierre Galet notes, however, that most evidence suggests that Côt was the variety's original name and that it probably originated in northern Burgundy . Due to similarities in synonyms, Malbec is often confused with other varieties of grape. Malbec argenté is not Malbec, but rather a variety of the southwestern French grape Abouriou . In Cahors,

2976-688: The high altitude, Colorado appellation of the Grand Valley . Additionally, there are some plantings in Missouri and Georgia outside of federally delineated appellations. The success of Malbec led some producers in Chile to try their hand at the varietal. Grown throughout the Central Valley , Chilean Malbec tends to be more tannic than its counterpart and is used primarily in Bordeaux-style blends. In 2016

3038-463: The leading producer of Malbec in Argentina with plantings found throughout the country in places such as La Rioja , Salta , San Juan , Catamarca and Buenos Aires . The grape clusters of Argentine Malbec are different from its French relatives, having smaller berries in tighter, smaller clusters. This suggests that the cuttings brought over by Pouget and later French immigrants were a unique clone that may have gone extinct in France due to frost and

3100-765: The main places are Colchagua Valley in O'Higgins Region , Maule Region and Bio-Bio Region . In California the grape is used to make Meritage . Malbec is also grown in Washington State , the Rogue and Umpqua regions of Oregon , the Grand Valley AVA of Colorado, Australia , New Zealand , South Africa , Brazil , British Columbia, the Long Island AVA of New York , southern Bolivia , Peru , northeastern Italy and recently in Texas and southern Ontario , Virginia, and in

3162-590: The mid to late 20th century, many acres of Malbec were uprooted and planted with different varieties. By 2000, there were slightly over 1,235 acres (500 hectares), with the Clare Valley and Langhorne Creek having the most significant amount. As newer clones become available, plantings of Malbec in Australia have increased slightly. Other regions with some plantings of Malbec include Northern Italy , New Zealand , Brazil , South Africa , British Columbia , Ontario , Peru , Bolivia , Mexico , Southern Indiana , and Israel . Wine expert Jancis Robinson describes

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3224-425: The only significant plantings are in the regions of the Côtes-de-Bourg , Blaye and Entre-Deux-Mers . While acreage of the Malbec is declining in France, in Argentina the grape is surging and has become a "national variety" of a sort that is uniquely identified with Argentine wine . The grape was first introduced to the region in the mid 19th century when provincial governor Domingo Faustino Sarmiento instructed

3286-421: The other, Douce noir has no known relationship to the Piedmontese grapes Dolcetto and Bonarda Piemontese nor to any of the other Italian varieties that have Bonarda as a synonym such as Croatina and Uva Rara . It also has no known relationship to Douce Noire grise an old French variety that according to ampelographer Pierre Galet is no longer cultivated. Today Douce noir is far more likely to be found in

3348-439: The red French Bordeaux claret blend. The grape is blended with Cabernet Franc and Gamay in some regions such as the Loire Valley . Other wine regions use the grape to produce Bordeaux-style blends . The varietal is sensitive to frost and has a propensity for shattering or coulure . Malbec is very susceptible to various grape diseases and viticultural hazards—most notably frost , coulure , downy mildew , and rot— but

3410-426: The region scoring over 95 points in Wine Spectator and Robert Parker 's The Wine Advocate . Although Carménère is the emblematic strain of Chilean wine and other varieties of strains such as Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Pinot noir among others are harvested in the country, Malbec has experienced exponential growth in its production during the last decades, due to the discovery of hundred-year-old vines of

3472-441: The southwestern part of the country. Its stronghold remains Cahors where Appellation d'origine contrôlée (AOC) regulations stipulates that Malbec must compose at least 70% of the blend, with Merlot and Tannat rounding out the remaining percentage. Outside of Cahors, Malbec is still found in small amounts as a permitted variety in the AOCs of Bergerac , Buzet , Côtes de Duras , Côtes du Marmandais , Fronton and Pécharmant . It

3534-911: The synonym Pressac . Other common synonyms for Malbec include Agreste, Auxerrois, Auxerrois De Laquenexy, Auxerrois Des Moines De Picpus, Auxerrois Du Mans, Balouzat, Beran, Blanc De Kienzheim, Cahors, Calarin, Cauli, Costa Rosa, Côt, Cot A Queue Verte, Cotes Rouges, Doux Noir, Estrangey, Gourdaux, Grelot De Tours, Grifforin, Guillan, Hourcat, Jacobain, Luckens, Magret, Malbek, Medoc Noir, Mouranne, Navarien, Negre De Prechac, Negrera, Noir De Chartres, Noir De Pressac, Noir Doux, Nyar De Presak, Parde, Périgord, Pied De Perdrix, Pied Noir, Pied Rouge, Pied Rouget, Piperdy, Plant D'Arles, Plant De Meraou, Plant du Lot, Plant Du Roi, Prechat, Pressac, Prunieral, Quercy, Queue Rouge, Quille De Coy, Romieu, Teinturin, Terranis, Vesparo. Bonarda Piemontese Bonarda Piemontese , now officially listed simply as Bonarda but also known as Bonarda di Chieri and Bonarda del Monferrato

3596-525: The variety labeled as Barbera and Parducci would often blend the grape with its other (true) Pinot noir plantings. It wasn't until research conducted at the University of California, Davis by Harold Olmo and, later, Albert Winkler , confirm that these various plantings of Barbera and Pinot noir were, in fact, a different grape altogether, which was called Bonarda/Charbono. Inglenook would release its first varietal labeled Charbono in 1941. In 1999, Carole Meredith , also of UC-Davis, would link Charbono to

3658-440: The variety, as well as the year-on-year increase in hectares planted for its exclusive production in the country. It is currently estimated that in Chile there are 2,361 hectares dedicated exclusively to the production of Malbec. The history of malbec in Chile begins in 1841, when a group of French winemakers brought the vine to the country, along with other varieties to be planted in the Quinta Normal of Santiago , later in 1853

3720-457: Was also found outside of Savoie, particularly in Jura , where the grape was known as Corbeau which means " crow " and is thought to be a reference to the inky black color of the wine that Douce noir can produce. While plantings of Bonarda/Douce noir dwindled in Italy and France, DNA research of grape varieties in other wine growing regions revealed that the grape was more widely planted than originally thought. In 2000 DNA analysis revealed that

3782-404: Was growing in 30 different departments of France . While Malbec is the name most commonly known to wine drinkers, Galet suggest that Côt was most likely the grape variety's original name and the frequent appearance of Auxerrois as a synonym suggests the northern reaches of Burgundy as being the possible home of the varietal. In Bordeaux, where the variety first gained attention, it was known under

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3844-399: Was the second most widely planted red grape variety in Argentina, after Malbec, was actually the Savoie wine grape Bonarda/Douce noir. Bonarda/Douce noir is a very late ripening grape variety that is often harvested after Cabernet Sauvignon . To extend the growing season, some vignerons will prune early in January in order to promote early bud break . The grape has very thick skins and

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