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30-801: Bonarda may refer to one of several grape varieties: Douce noir , known as Bonarda in Argentina and Charbono in California Bonarda Piemontese , grown in Piedmont, around Turin Croatina or Bonarda dell'Oltrepò Pavese, grown in Lombardy, around Pavia Uva Rara or Bonarda Novarese, in Novara and Vercelli. Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with

60-484: A synonym such as Croatina and Uva Rara . It also has no known relationship to Douce Noire grise an old French variety that according to ampelographer Pierre Galet is no longer cultivated. Today Douce noir is far more likely to be found in the New World wine regions of California and Argentina than it is in native France. In 2007 there were only 2 hectares (5 acres) of Douce noir reported in production most of it in

90-613: A very versatile wine that can be paired with game meat as well as chicken , cheese and seafood dishes in heavy sauces. Over the years Bonarda/Douce noir has been known under a variety of synonyms including: Alcantino, Aleante, Batiolin, Bathiolin (in Albertville ), Blaue Gansfuesser, Bonarda (in Argentina), Bourdon noir, Carbonneau, Charbonneau (in Jura ), Charbono (in California), Corbeau (in

120-484: Is Amarone . The dense, rich, and often expensive wine is made from air-dried, resinated grapes. The Amare also has a sweeter version that's called Recioto. On the right bank of Lake Garda the vine thrives on moraine hills with gravel and sand, where they produce Bardolino wines. The most popular grape variety in the Veneto wine region is white Garganega, which is the predominant grape for Soave and Gambellara wines. This wine

150-476: Is often around 2.5 to 3 tons/acre (approximately 47 to 57 hectoliters / hectares ) while younger plantings can often produce 6 to 8 tons/acre (approximately 114 to 152 hl/ha). Despite sharing several synonyms and often being confused for one or the other, Douce noir has no known relationship to the Piedmontese grapes Dolcetto and Bonarda Piemontese nor to any of the other Italian varieties that have Bonarda as

180-484: Is one of the most popular white wines from Veneto region. It produces fragrant white wines with a fine lemon and almond flavour making it one of the most renowned Italian whites. The Soave must be at least 70% from the Garganega grape pressed and stored for at least eight months if he wants to get the coveted designation Classico . In Veneto, two different wine areas are clearly distinguishable: an eastern part, close to

210-653: Is produced in Veneto , a highly productive wine region in northeastern Italy . The broader area comprising Veneto, Friuli-Venezia Giulia and Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol is known collectively as the Tre Venezie , after the Republic of Venice . Veneto is the most populous and biggest denominazione di origine controllata (DOC) producer of the three regions. Although the Tre Venezie collectively produces more red wine than white,

240-519: Is thought to be a reference to the inky black color of the wine that Douce noir can produce. While plantings of Bonarda/Douce noir dwindled in Italy and France, DNA research of grape varieties in other wine growing regions revealed that the grape was more widely planted than originally thought. In 2000 DNA analysis revealed that the Turca grape growing in the Veneto wine region of northeast Italy since at least

270-649: The Ain and Isère departments as well as Jura), Cot Merille, Cot Rouge Merille, Cote Rouge, Dolcetto Grosso, Dolutz, Douce noire, Folle Noire d L'Ariege, Grenoblois, Korbo, Mauvais noir, Ocanette, Picot Rouge, Plant de Calarin, Plant de Montmelion, Plant de Savoie, Plant de Turin (in Jura), Plant noir (in the Haute-Savoie department), Turca (in the Trentino region of Italy), Turin (in Jura) and Turino. Veneto wine Venetian wine

300-658: The University of California, Davis by Harold Olmo and, later, Albert Winkler , confirm that these various plantings of Barbera and Pinot noir were, in fact, a different grape altogether, which was called Bonarda/Charbono. Inglenook would release its first varietal labeled Charbono in 1941. In 1999, Carole Meredith , also of UC-Davis, would link Charbono to the grape Bonarda/Douce noir/Corbeau. In 2008, there were 36 hectares (88 acres) of Bonarda/Charbono/Douce noir with nearly half of those plantings in Napa Valley, particularly in

330-543: The Venetian Lagoon between the hills of Treviso , the plain of Piave river and Adriatic coast, where it is typical to produce the famous Prosecco (Glera), and other varieties are grown like Merlot , Carménère , Verduzzo , Raboso Piave , Refosco , Tocai , Verdiso , Marzemino ; and the western part, close to Lake Garda and the city of Verona , famous for the wines based on the varieties Corvina , Rondinella , Garganega , Trebbiano of Soave , and Oseleta . In

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360-465: The prefect of Savoie describing the grape varieties growing in his commune. Other documents showed that Douce noir was also widely planted in the communes of Arbin and Montmélian and by the end of the 19th century it was the most widely planted red grape variety in Savoie. Douce noir was also found outside of Savoie, particularly in Jura , where the grape was known as Corbeau which means " crow " and

390-696: The European and US markets has galvanized the region's producers into experimentation with Cabernets , Chardonnay and Pinot varieties , among others. One of Italy's leading wine schools, Conegliano , is based here and the nation's most important wine fair, Vinitaly , takes place each spring in Verona. Veneto is the 8th largest region of Italy in land mass, and a population of 4,371,000 ranks it 6th in that regard. It has over 90,000 hectares (220,000 acres) of vineyards, of which 35,400 are acclaimed DOC. Annual production totals 8,500,000 hectolitres, 1,700,000 or 21% of which

420-610: The Old World wine regions of France and Italy, Bonarda/Douce noir is often used as blending grape contributing to the mid-palate of the wine. In California, the grape is often made as a varietal wine. There, many of the Bonarda/Douce noir/Charbono vines planted are very old, producing a very dense, medium to full bodied wine with a deep, inky purple color and moderate acidity . The wines often have black fruit and plum aroma and flavor notes that can develop into leather and tar notes as

450-454: The Savoie and Jura wine region where it is often blended with Persan . One producer makes a varietal style under the Vin de Pays d'Allobrogie designation. In Argentina, the 18,759 hectares (46,354 acres) of Bonarda/Douce noir makes it is the second most widely planted red grape variety in the country after Malbec and representing 8% of the country's total vineyard plantings. The vast majority of

480-531: The Veneto region produces more whites under DOC and is notably home to the Prosecco and Soave wines. The region is protected from the harsh northern European climate by the Alps , the foothills of which form Veneto's northern extremes. These cooler climes are well-suited to white varieties like Garganega (the main grape for Soave wines), while the warmer Adriatic coastal plains, river valleys, and Lake Garda zone are

510-572: The central part of Veneto the winemaking transitions between the varieties and styles of the Eastern and Western parts. In that area you can find the Colli Euganei, the hills close to Padua , that is a special Mediterranean microclimatic zone; it is even famous for the Moscato fior d'arancio production, a sparkling dessert wine. Another area in the northcenter of Veneto, close to Asiago , is Breganze, where

540-728: The dessert wine Torcolato is produced with the Vespaiola grape. The traditional vine training system of the eastern part is the Sylvoz system, today replaced by the Guyot system , while in the western part there is more traditionally the Pergola system. Veneto's growers use modern growing methods and systems in the vineyard and for wine making. While most of the 'classic' wines from this area are based on native grape varieties, like Glera (formerly known as Prosecco) and Verduzzo , high demand for Veneto wines in

570-558: The early 19th century, and by the end of the century it was the most widely grown red wine grape in the region. It is the second most widely planted red grape in Argentina (after Malbec ). The grape is also grown in California where it is known as Charbono . In California, Bonarda/Douce noir/Charbono is produced in very limited amounts with the grape having been described as a " cult wine " for its scarcity and devotion of its connoisseurs. However, journalists such as Alan Goldfarb describes

600-511: The early 20th century was actually Bonarda. This came after the discovery that the Charbono wine grape of California, introduced to the Napa Valley as Barbera by Italian immigrants in the early 19th century, was also Bonarda/Douce noir/Corbeau. Further research confirmed by 2008 that the Bonarda/Charbono grape that was the second most widely planted red grape variety in Argentina, after Malbec,

630-474: The fact that Douce noir had Piedmontese origins. This hypothesis, as well as any relation with Dolcetto, would later be dispelled by DNA analysis in the 21st century and today ampelographers believe that the grape likely originated in the Savoie region of eastern France. In Savoie, the earliest mention of the grape variety dates to a letter written on November 24, 1803 by the mayor of Saint-Pierre-d'Albigny to

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660-464: The grape is known as Charbono , the variety has a long history in the Napa Valley where it was an important variety for producers such as Inglenook and Parducci , even though it was mistakenly labeled as Barbera , and sometimes Pinot noir , until the 1930s. Inglenook won many wine competitions with the variety labeled as Barbera and Parducci would often blend the grape with its other (true) Pinot noir plantings. It wasn't until research conducted at

690-454: The places where the renowned Valpolicella , Amarone and Bardolino DOC reds are produced. The indigenous red grape varieties Corvina and Rondinella have a long tradition of cultivation and they are the used in the production of famous Amarone, Valpolicella and Bardolino wines. A good Valpolicella is a ruby red in youth, then garnet red. It has a powerful body and is often described as velvety-harmonious. The famous red wine from Veneto

720-503: The plantings are in the Mendoza wine region but significant plantings can also be found in the La Rioja , San Juan , and (the relatively unknown) Catamarca provinces. Here the grape is used for both blending (sometimes with Malbec or even Cabernet Sauvignon ) but also as a varietal wine that Master of Wine Jancis Robinson notes has the potential to be of high quality. In California, where

750-616: The resulting wines. Growers in California have discovered some of the more ideal vineyard locations for Douce noir/Charbono are warm-climate sites with significant diurnal temperature variations from a drop in night time temperature. In California, many of the Bonarda/Douce noir/Charbono vines are very old with some blocks over 70 years old. Many of these vines have developed various viral grape diseases and producers have slowly been replanting acres with young vines of newer clones and rootstock . The yield for many of these older plantings

780-514: The title Bonarda . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bonarda&oldid=1141588004 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Douce noir It arrived in Savoy in

810-653: The variety as "... the Rodney Dangerfield of wine" and notes that it is a hard variety to find a market for. Some of the early synonyms of Douce noir, Plant de Turin and Turin , hinted that the grape have originated in the Piedmont wine region of Italy. The name Douce noir itself means "sweet black" in French which is similar to the Italian name of the Piedmont grape Dolcetto nero ("small sweet black") which further lead to

840-525: The warm Calistoga AVA . Other plantings can be found in the American Viticultural Areas of Monterey , Madera , Mendocino Lodi , Dos Rios , Sierra Foothills and Mount Veeder . While sometimes used a blending variety, the grape has been prominently featured as a varietal or major component of wines from Heitz Wine Cellars , Turley Wine Cellars , Castoro Cellars , Pear Valley Vineyards Robert Foley , and Bonny Doon Vineyard . In

870-597: The wine ages. Well-made examples from favorable vintages can have the potential to age in the bottle for 10 to 20 years. In Argentina, varietal examples of Douce noir/Bonarda are similarly characterized by a deep purple color with notes of cassis , fennel , cherry , and dried fig . Wine expert Oz Clarke notes that the grape needs a long growing season and time to fully ripen or the wines will have green, vegetal flavors. Bonarda/Douce noir lends itself to moderate alcohol levels , only very rarely going above 14%. In food and wine pairings , this can make Douce noir

900-517: Was actually the Savoie wine grape Bonarda/Douce noir. Bonarda/Douce noir is a very late ripening grape variety that is often harvested after Cabernet Sauvignon . To extend the growing season, some vignerons will prune early in January in order to promote early bud break . The grape has very thick skins and a high phenolic content which requires heat in order to achieve physiological ripeness but excessive heat can risk creating "cooked flavors" in

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