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104-795: Thüngen lies in the Würzburg Region, 25 km north of Würzburg and 30 km west of Schweinfurt , in the north of the Main Triangle ( Maindreieck ) on the river Wern. The community has only the Gemarkung (traditional rural cadastral area) of Thüngen. On 19 April 788, Thüngen had its first documentary mention. In the Codex Eberhardi , it says: ... Manto comes et frater eius Megingoz tradiderunt sancto Bonifacio bona sua in his locis: Isinhusen, Wanchei, Heselere, Tungede, Binizfelt, Hoholtesheim, Steti, Bucheled ... The placename Thüngen comes from

208-453: A crest , and a motto . A coat of arms is traditionally unique to the armiger (e.g. an individual person , family , state, organization , school or corporation ). The term "coat of arms" itself, describing in modern times just the heraldic design, originates from the description of the entire medieval chainmail "surcoat" garment used in combat or preparation for the latter. Rolls of arms are collections of many coats of arms, and since

312-586: A national flag and a national coat of arms, and the two may not look alike at all. For example, the flag of Scotland (St Andrew's Cross) has a white saltire on a blue field , but the royal arms of Scotland has a red lion within a double tressure on a gold (or) field. Among the states ruled by communist regimes, emblems resembling those of the Soviet states were adopted in all the Warsaw Pact states except Czechoslovakia and Poland . Since 1986–1989, some of

416-408: A cogwheel spoked of six argent between two ears of grain palewise with stalks turned to base Or, in a chief embattled of two merlons and one embrasure of the second a fess paly wavy of seven of the third and first. The partition in the escutcheon is meant to resemble battlements (two merlons and, in the middle, one embrasure), which represents the local castle, which is the community's landmark. In

520-416: A contrasting cityscape with old and modern buildings. Schweinfurt's main landmarks include: Coat of arms A coat of arms is a heraldic visual design on an escutcheon (i.e., shield ), surcoat , or tabard (the last two being outer garments). The coat of arms on an escutcheon forms the central element of the full heraldic achievement , which in its whole consists of a shield, supporters ,

624-488: A family or municipal body. Assumed arms (arms invented and used by the holder rather than granted by an authority) are considered valid unless they can be proved in court to copy that of an earlier holder. In the heraldic traditions of England and Scotland , an individual, rather than a family, had a coat of arms. In those traditions coats of arms are legal property transmitted from father to son; wives and daughters could also bear arms modified to indicate their relation to

728-454: A glory and clouds, displayed with no helm, torse, or mantling (unlike most European precedents at the time). Many of the American states have adopted their own coats of arms , which usually designed as part of the respective state's seal . Vermont has both a state seal and a state coat of arms that are independent of one another (though both contain a pine tree, a cow and sheaves of grain);

832-612: A natural location in the Franconian wine country, at the Schweinfurter Rhön , with the National Natural Heritage Brönnhof and is surrounded by Haßberge Hills , Steigerwald , Rhön and Spessart , with several natural parks and a biosphere reserve. In sight are Steigerwald, Gramschatzer Forest and Rhön. The city is located in a climatically contrasting region, between the summer hot Mainfränkischen Plates in

936-558: A place with city rights . The (inner) city fortification of the new city was built and first documented in 1258, it is still largely preserved on Marienbach today. A document from 1282 signed by Rudolf I of Habsburg states that Schweinfurt was a free city within the Holy Roman Empire . By pledge 1309 Schweinfurt came to the House of Henneberg , who maintained from 1310 to 1427 a  Reichsburg (castle of

1040-633: A result of the city of Schweinfurt on the knight canton of Baunach a nearly continuous Protestant corridor was created by the Hochstifte Würzburg and Bamberg in the Protestant Duchy of Saxony . Schweinfurt joined the Protestant Union in 1609. In the Thirty Years' War it was occupied by Gustavus Adolphus , who erected fortifications, the remains of which are still extant. In 1652

1144-500: Is a city in the district of Lower Franconia in Bavaria , Germany. It is the administrative centre of the surrounding district ( Landkreis ) of Schweinfurt and a major industrial, cultural and educational hub. The urban agglomeration has 100,200 (2018) and the city's catchment area , including the Main-Rhön region and parts of South Thuringia , 759,000 inhabitants. Schweinfurt

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1248-493: Is found an historic weir , as well as the Waaghäuschen (“Little Weighing House” – a former livestock weighing building). The former synagogue was damaged in 1938, and it has now been converted into a house. In November 2007 a memorial plaque was affixed to it. According to official statistics, there were 363 workers on the social welfare contribution rolls working in producing businesses in 1998. In trade and transport this

1352-539: Is in 6:22 hours reachable. As part of the Deutsche Bahn Long-Distance Transport Offensive Schweinfurt receives no later than December 2028 a direct Inter City (IC) connection, through the new IC Bamberg- Stuttgart - Tübingen . Viticulture has probably been practiced in the city for well over 1000 years. At the beginning of the 19th century, Schweinfurt was an important Franconian wine-growing and wine-trading town. At

1456-573: Is manufactured here. SRAM Corporation hosts the world's largest development centre of the bicycle industry in Schweinfurt. With a GDP per capita of €78,382, Schweinfurt ranks third in Germany after Wolfsburg and Frankfurt am Main . According to a recent study by the Swiss Institute of Economic Research forecasters, Schweinfurt is one of the fastest-growing cities in Germany. The study confirmed

1560-516: Is tightly bound with this noble family. In 1366, a Thüngen townsman was named in a document for the first time, and in 1419 the first village order was decreed. In 1465, Thüngen was raised to town, which allowed its fortification with walls and towers as well as a town constitution. Guilds could be introduced and weekly markets held. From 1551, with lordly approval, the Reformation was definitively introduced, which led to considerable contention between

1664-665: The Brönnhof training area the USAG ;Schweinfurt covered a total area of 29 km . Schweinfurt formerly hosted the U.S. Army Garrison Schweinfurt, which the U.S. Army closed on 19 September 2014 due to an ongoing effort to concentrate the U.S. military's footprint in Germany to fewer communities. A quick, scheduled rebuilding of the city was not necessary due to the degree of destruction of 40 to 45% (see: Cityscape ). Like many other West German cities and communities, Schweinfurt also experienced an unprecedented economic miracle in

1768-618: The Consulta Araldica , the college of arms of the Kingdom of Italy , was abolished in 1948, personal coats of arms and titles of nobility, though not outlawed, are not recognised. Coats of arms in Spain were generally left up to the owner themselves, but the design was based on military service and the heritage of their grandparents. In France , the coat of arms is based on the Fleur-de-lys and

1872-918: The Genealogical Office through the Office of the Chief Herald of Ireland . Heraldry in Northern Ireland is regulated by the British Government by the College of Arms through the Norroy and Ulster King of Arms . The heraldic tradition and style of modern and historic Germany and the Holy Roman Empire – including national and civic arms, noble and burgher arms , ecclesiastical heraldry, heraldic displays, and heraldic descriptions – stand in contrast to Gallo-British, Latin and Eastern heraldry, and strongly influenced

1976-433: The Kingdom of Bavaria four years later. The first railway junction was opened in 1852. In the following years Schweinfurt became a world leading centre for the production of ball bearings . This was to lead to grievous consequences for the city during World War II . The year 1770 marked the beginning of the industrialization of the city, with its 250-year-old industrial history. In the first century of industrialization,

2080-560: The Luftwaffe deployed large numbers of interceptors along the corridor to Schweinfurt. Bombing also included the Second Raid on Schweinfurt on 14 October 1943 ("called Black Thursday because of the enormous loss of aircraft (60) and lives (600+)") and Big Week in February 1944. Although losses of production bearings and machinery were high and much of the industrial and residential areas of

2184-756: The Reichsdeputationshauptschluss , Schweinfurt came to Bavaria in 1803, two years before the Kingdom of Bavaria was founded. 4000 people demonstrated against the Anschluss at the Rossmarkt. After the interim membership of the Grand Duchy of Würzburg (1810–1814), Schweinfurt fell in 1814 to the Kingdom of Bavaria. The villages belonging to the imperial city territory were spun off. As a result, Schweinfurt lost about two-thirds of its territory. 1852 took place with

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2288-577: The Rule of Tinctures used in English heraldry as well. The monarch of Canada's prerogative to grant armorial bearings has been delegated to the Governor General of Canada . Canada has its own Chief Herald and Herald Chancellor . The Canadian Heraldic Authority , the governmental agency which is responsible for creating arms and promoting Canadian heraldry, is situated at Rideau Hall . The Great Seal of

2392-481: The Schweinfurt ;Feud in 1003. Count Heinrich lost all his possessions. The confiscated royal goods formed the core of the new bishopric of Bamberg . Hezilo, however, retained his possessions around the castle hill Peterstirn . The family, in which Judith of Schweinfurt became a central figure in the history of the old Schweinfurt city, died in the male line of 1057 and at the latest this year marks

2496-618: The Second Raid on Schweinfurt (Black Thursday) . On 11 April 1945, the US ;Army invaded the city. During the Cold ;War , the 1945 founded USAG Schweinfurt had the highest concentration of US combat units in the Federal Republic of Germany . In the northwest of Schweinfurt, an American town emerged, with a complete civil infrastructure including all kinds of shops for 12,000 Americans, soldiers and civilians. Until

2600-610: The early Modern Age centuries, they have been a source of information for public showing and tracing the membership of a noble family , and therefore its genealogy across time . Heraldic designs came into general use among European nobility in the 12th century. Systematic, heritable heraldry had developed by the beginning of the 13th century. Exactly who had a right to use arms, by law or social convention , varied to some degree between countries. Early heraldic designs were personal, used by individual noblemen (who might also alter their chosen design over time). Arms become hereditary by

2704-562: The leopard in the arms of Benin , Malawi , Somalia , the Democratic Republic of the Congo and, in the form of the black panther, of Gabon . In Kenya , the Swahili word Harambee (lit. "Let us come together") is used as a motto in the country's coat of arms. In Botswana and Lesotho , meanwhile, the word Pula (lit. "Rain") is used in like fashion. In the coat of arms of Eswatini ,

2808-610: The star and crescent symbol taken from the Ottoman flag . Other commonly seen symbols are birds, chiefly the Eagle of Saladin , and the Hawk of Quraish . These symbols can be found on the coat of arms of Egypt , and Syria , amongst others. Sub-Saharan African flags and emblems after decolonisation often chose emblems based on regional traditions or wildlife. Symbols of a ritual significance according to local custom were generally favoured, such as

2912-574: The surcoat with heraldic designs worn by combatants, especially in the knightly tournament , in Old French cote a armer . The sense is transferred to the heraldic design itself in Middle English, in the mid-14th century. Despite no common, enforceable widespread regulation, heraldry has remained consistent across Europe, where tradition alone has governed the design and use of arms. Some nations, such as England and Scotland , still maintain

3016-570: The 16th century) serves mainly economic ends (estate administration, castle brewery ). Saint George's Evangelical Church in the community core was destroyed in the Thirty Years' War and, owing to the Catholic Juliusspital’s ownership entitlements, could not be built again until the 19th century. At the Planplatz (square) stands the town hall from the Gründerzeit . On the river Wern

3120-450: The 16th century, onto which is built the "Spitalschloss" (“Hospital Castle”, likewise from the 16th century, but converted to Gothic Revival style and expanded in the 19th century), in both of which live families of the Barons of Thüngen. South of this is found the "Alter Stock", a remnant of an early mediaeval castle complex. The "Burgsinner Schloss" west of the main street (and likewise from

3224-586: The 1950s and 1960s, and large-scale industry boomed. To counteract the labor shortage, guest workers were recruited from 1960 onwards. Most of the postwar construction projects were realized under the aegis of Mayor Georg Wichtermann (SPD, 1965–1974), in the city governed by the SPD by an absolute majority. Numerous new residential districts were created. By the Jump over the River Main (starting from 1963) developed south of

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3328-573: The British and Western European systems. Much of the terminology and classifications are taken from it. However, with the fall of the French monarchy (and later Empire) there is not currently a Fons Honorum (power to dispense and control honors) to strictly enforce heraldic law. The French Republics that followed have either merely affirmed pre-existing titles and honors or vigorously opposed noble privilege. Coats of arms are considered an intellectual property of

3432-529: The Church. The latter typically allude to their ideal of life, or to specific pontifical programmes. A well-known and widely displayed example in recent times was Pope John Paul II 's arms. His selection of a large letter M (for the Virgin Mary ) was intended to express the message of his strong Marian devotion . Roman Catholic dioceses are also each assigned a coat of arms, as are basilicas or papal churches,

3536-616: The Lord Mayor, with the political cross-starter Gudrun Grieser . The Bavarian state government under the then Prime Minister Edmund Stoiber (CSU) sympathetically accompanied the historical change of power and parts of the Bavarian State Social Court and the Bavarian State Statistics Office were relocated from Munich to Schweinfurt. During Grieser's term of office, the economic situation stabilized starting in

3640-518: The Main River the commercial park Port East and the new industrial area Port West . The infrastructure was expanded, with the Main Port (1963) and today's University of Applied Sciences Würzburg-Schweinfurt (1971). After successful reconstruction and the boom years, the time of Mayor Kurt Petzold (SPD, 1974–1992) was marked by consolidation, but also by the oil crisis and recessions, with job cuts in

3744-489: The Schweinfurt Hauptbahnhof with the city centre. Unlike many other cities, the 1930s were one of the most important epochs of urban development in Schweinfurt. The number of employees of major metalworking companies rose to 20,700 by 1939. This led to a construction boom and set the course for modern urban development. In 1939, Schweinfurt produced most of Nazi Germany 's ball bearings , and factories such as

3848-513: The Schweinfurter Kugellagerwerke became a target of Allied strategic bombing during World War II to cripple tank and aircraft production. Schweinfurt was bombed 22 times during Operation Pointblank by a total of 2,285 aircraft. The Schweinfurt–Regensburg mission caused an immediate 34% loss of production and all plants but the largest were devastated by fire. Efforts to disperse the surviving machinery began immediately and

3952-522: The United States uses on the obverse as its central motif a heraldic achievement described as being the arms of the nation. The seal, and the armorial bearings, were adopted by the Continental Congress on 20 June 1782, and is a shield divided palewise into thirteen pieces, with a blue chief, which is displayed upon the breast of an American bald eagle. The crest is thirteen stars breaking through

4056-641: The Youth Hostel (2009), the Health Park Schweinfurt (2009) and the Campus ;2 of the University of Applied Sciences Würzburg-Schweinfurt . The era of Grieser remains to this day shaping the city, like no other epoch after the reconstruction and it changed the city's image lasting positive. In 1998, German and American veterans and survivors of the bombing raids came together to erect a war memorial to

4160-510: The air base to Conn Barracks . In the course of time, until 2014, they were expanded into large barracks with many hangars, administration buildings, a large event hall, church and sports facilities. From the 1950s to the late 1990s, a civilian infrastructure similar to that of a small American town was successively built in the northwest of Schweinfurt. As a result of the closure of many other German U.S. sites, Schweinfurt eventually became one of Europe's largest U.S. locations. Including

4264-467: The almost complete interruption of winegrowing, the vineyards were spared the major land consolidation of the 1970s, during which the historical structures were mostly destroyed. The small wine-cultural landscape at Peterstirn Palace remained intact. There is a family-owned winery on Peterstirn, where a wine festival takes place twice a year. In the Bavarian territorial reform no suburbs were incorporated into

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4368-684: The central Reich territory, the Duchy of Franconia . Berthold gave the king of East Francia Otto I. (936–973), who in 962 became Roman-German Emperor , valuable weapons aid against rebellious tribal dukes. As thanks Berthold of Otto I received the counties for the Folkfeld- and the Radenzgau and the Margraviate for the Nordgau, about the present-day Upper Palatinate. Thus he was and from 980 his son Henry

4472-632: The chemical and paint industry started in Schweinfurt, with the construction of the Wolf's lead white mill at the Bleiweißmühlenwehr. According to Dr. Ferdinand Gademann (1880–1969), it was the oldest German lead white factory. In 1780 the factory was taken over by Johann Martin Schmidt. Further factory-similar plants of this kind originated at the Bellevue and in the neighboring suburb Niederwerrn . Following

4576-481: The chief (the band of a different tincture on top) are the family arms of the Barons of Thüngen, Lutz Line. Underneath is a cogwheel as a symbol of local industry, and thereby also business, between two ears of grain as a symbol of local agriculture. East of the main street is found, in a somewhat overgrown park, the "Burgschloss" ( 49°56′32″N 9°51′26″E  /  49.94221°N 9.85726°E  / 49.94221; 9.85726 ), an old residential castle from

4680-550: The city can acquire the suburb of Oberndorf in 1436. 1436/37 received the advice of the city from the Teutonic Knights for 18,000 guilders the castle on the Peterstirn and the associated land area with the villages Zell and Weipoltshausen, which belongs to Üchtelhausen today. Schweinfurt joined the Reformation relatively late, in 1542 since the city, together with neighboring imperial villages and imperial villages,

4784-462: The city of Schweinfurt, which is why the urban area includes only the core city and incorporated in 1919 Oberndorf. The urban area was divided into 23 statistical districts, which are summarized in 15 districts (bold font in the table). For a long time, the Bergl was the most populous district, with 13,000 inhabitants around 1970. With only 9,163 inhabitants at the end of 2017, it

4888-467: The city were destroyed, killing more than a thousand civilians, the factories were restored to production and the industry dispersed. Although German planners initially thought it essential to purchase the entire output of the Swedish ball-bearing industry, losses in the production of bearings were actually made up from surpluses found within Germany in the aftermath of the first raid. The decentralized industry

4992-597: The city, among other things, the highest concentration of jobs in Germany, with particularly high Beschäftigungsanteil (employment share) in the German high-tech sector. The Contor-2010 study, which was commissioned by the Manager Magazine , ranked Schweinfurt as one of the most dynamic cities in Europe in terms of development opportunities. From rank 63 in 2007, the city significantly improved to rank 16 in 2010. Schweinfurt has

5096-824: The communities of Himmelstadt and Retzstadt have formed the Verwaltungsgemeinschaft (Administrative Community) of Zellingen. Within town limits, 1,336 inhabitants were counted in 1970, 1,341 in 1987 and in 2006 1,375. The mayor is Lorenz Strifsky, in office since 2014. On the Marktgemeinderat (“market community council”) since May 2008 have been: Freie Wähler: Klaus Enzmann (1. BGM), Anja Morgenstern (3. BGM), Dieter Beutel, Thomas Ammersbach, Wolfgang Heß, Walter Lippert, Günter Morgenstern, Simone Hohmann SPD : Richard Steigerwald (Second Mayor), Lorenz Strifsky, Gerd Kunitzky CSU : Hubert Schömig, Christiane von Thüngen Municipal taxes in 1999 amounted to €619,000 (converted), of which net business taxes amounted to €54,000. The community's arms might be described thus: Gules

5200-404: The community's name's origin is disputed, however, with alternate explanations positing a Celtic or Roman source for older forms of the name such as Thungidi or Tungede . Until about 1200, the community's lords were the Counts of Henneberg . After they died out, the lordship was taken over by a knightly noble family who later named themselves “von Thüngen” after the place. Thüngen's history

5304-527: The current holder of the arms. Undifferenced arms are used only by one person at any given time. Other descendants of the original bearer could bear the ancestral arms only with some difference : usually a colour change or the addition of a distinguishing charge . One such charge is the label , which in British usage (outside the Royal Family ) is now always the mark of an heir apparent or (in Scotland) an heir presumptive . Because of their importance in identification, particularly in seals on legal documents,

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5408-432: The denominations over the next few centuries, especially in the wake of the Thirty Years' War , which left part of the village in the hands of the Prince-Bishop of Würzburg (administered by the Juliusspital , a hospital foundation that still exists now). A rural Jewish community arose in the 16th century. On 28 June 1814, in connection with the Napoleonic Wars , Thüngen was awarded to the Kingdom of Bavaria . In 1825,

5512-453: The edge with vineyards and the city forest. The west, with the city centre, main station and (former) working-class neighborhoods, has a high proportion of migrants. The almost uninhabited south is the largest contiguous industrial area in Bavaria. As a result of the fall of the Iron Curtain , the economic and geographical situation of Schweinfurt changed fundamentally. In 2005, the Thuringian Forest Autobahn 71 Erfurt -Schweinfurt

5616-407: The empire) in the old Schweinfurt city district Zürch . In the 15th century began the construction of a territory around the core city, which lasted until 1620. In 1436, the fishermen's settlement of Fischerrain , which borders on the city wall and lies just to the southwest, whose origins lie in the darkness of history, was incorporated into the city. Due to positive economic development,

5720-533: The end of the 12th century, in England by King Richard I during the Third Crusade (1189–1192). Burgher arms were used in Northern Italy in the second half of the 14th century, and in the Holy Roman Empire by the mid 14th century. In the late medieval period, use of arms spread to the clergy, to towns as civic identifiers, and to royally chartered organizations such as universities and trading companies. The arts of vexillology and heraldry are closely related. The term coat of arms itself in origin refers to

5824-422: The end of the imperial city period in 1802 there were around 320 hectares of vines, which corresponds to today's largest Franconian wine-growing town in Nordheim am Main . Large parts of today's district, right up to the edge of the old town, are located on former vineyards. Goethe appreciated the Schweinfurt wine and had large quantities delivered. Today, with only 3.54 hectares of vineyards (2017),

5928-473: The ex- Communist states , such as Russia , have reused their original pre-communist heraldry, often with only the symbols of monarchy removed. Other countries such as Belarus have retained their communist coats of arms or at least kept some of the old heraldry. With the independence of the modern nation states of the Arab World from the First World War onwards, European traditions of heraldry were partially adopted for state emblems. These emblems often involve

6032-439: The fallen. 2004 startet the Unterfrankenshuttle (Lower Franconia Shuttle) of the Erfurter Bahn (EB) regional railway with lines from Schweinfurt to other parts of Lower Franconia and to South Thuringia . The New Hadergasse Project was implemented under the current mayor Sebastian Remelé (CSU, since 2010). Trade tax receipts continued to rise and the city was able to save reserves. These are currently being used for

6136-403: The few it did grant were annulled by the other Kings of Arms because they encroached upon their jurisdictions. Its purpose was supposedly to marshal an expedition to fully conquer Ireland that never materialized. Since 1 April 1943 the authority has been split between the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland . Heraldry in the Republic of Ireland is regulated by the Government of Ireland , by

6240-416: The following institutions existed in Thüngen: In 2007, the local CSU association was taken as an example in a Stern article about Edmund Stoiber ’s resignation from his offices of Minister-President and party chairman. Schweinfurt Schweinfurt ( / ˈ ʃ v aɪ n f ʊər t / SHVYNE -foort , German: [ˈʃvaɪnfʊʁt] ; lit.   ' Swine Ford ' )

6344-412: The four doctors Johann Laurentius Bausch, Johann Michael Fehr , Georg Balthasar Wolfahrt and Balthasar Metzger founded the Academia Curiosorum in Schweinfurt, which is known today as the German Academy of Life Scientists, " Leopoldina ". Schweinfurt remained a free imperial city until 1802, when it passed to the Electorate of Bavaria . Assigned to the grand duke of Würzburg in 1810, it was granted to

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6448-415: The good government of the Officers of Arms; to nominate Officers to fill vacancies in the College of Arms; to punish and correct Officers of Arms for misbehaviour in the execution of their places". It was further declared that no patents of arms or any ensigns of nobility should be granted and no augmentation, alteration, or addition should be made to arms without the consent of the Earl Marshal. In Ireland

6552-404: The guilds had to be shut down. Officially, town rights were never revoked. In 1846, the Schlossbrauerei Thüngen ( brewery ), still in business today, was founded by Wilhelm, Wolfgang and Hanskarl von Thüngen. Once the Werntalbahn ( railway ) was finished in 1879, the first train ran through Thüngen on 16 April. In the presence of Prince Ludwig III of Bavaria , on 18 May 1892, the Ludwigslinde

6656-475: The heights of the inn Schwarzer Adler (“Black Eagle”), Staatsstraße (State Road) 2437 meets Bundesstraße 27 towards Würzburg on the B 26. The electrified Werntalbahn ( railway ) is now only used for goods transport. The railway station is now a private dwelling. Local public transport comes in the form of OVF ( Omnibusverkehr Franken – “Franconia Omnibus Transport”) buses going towards Karlstadt/Gemünden or Schweinfurt and to Würzburg. As of 1999

6760-420: The later founded imperial city, which corresponds to the old town today. The Village Old Town is in its origins at least 2100 years old. The first documentary mention Schweinfurts (village old town) took place in the year 791. Schweinfurt gained importance in 941 with the mention of Count Berthold as the first member of the House of the Counts of Schweinfurt. He occupied an important position in

6864-483: The latter usually displaying these on the building. These may be used in countries which otherwise do not use heraldic devices. In countries like Scotland with a strong statutory heraldic authority, arms will need to be officially granted and recorded. Flags are used to identify ships (where they are called ensigns ), embassies and such, and they use the same colors and designs found in heraldry, but they are not usually considered to be heraldic. A country may have both

6968-421: The local large-scale industry. The old town renovation began in 1979, as the starting point of a 40-year-long transformation of the city that has continued to this day, with a change in image, from the gray mouse industrial city to a city with a high quality of life. In 1991, the large Leopoldina Hospital was opened. In the city dominated by the SPD , the CSU succeeded in 1992 for the first time to make

7072-399: The local viticulture has hardly any economic, but still cultural importance for the self-awareness and way of life of the city. The phylloxera appeared in Franconia in 1902 and hit the Schweinfurt area particularly hard. Since the 1980s, viticulture with the leading variety Silvaner has been carried out as planned in the historic wine locations of Peterstirn and Mainleite . Due to

7176-414: The mammoth U.S. conversion project, which is currently one of the five largest military conversion projects in Germany. The i-Campus Schweinfurt in the former Ledward Barracks and the new district of Bellevue in the former Askren Manor Housing Area deserve special mention. Schweinfurt has a central location in Germany and is located about 40 km from Baden-Württemberg , Hesse and Thuringia , in

7280-417: The many realized projects are the new Industrial Park Gewerbepark Maintal (since 1995), the Museum Georg Schäfer (2000), the Maininsel Conference Center (2004), the Stadtbücherei Ebracher Hof (2007), the Kunsthalle Schweinfurt (art gallery, 2009), the Stadtgalerie Schweinfurt , a 300 m long shopping mall 2009) with redesign of the Weststadt (westend) and the new Schweinfurt Mitte station ,

7384-447: The mid-1990s, with 4,500 new industrial jobs and around 6,000 jobs in the service sector. Trade tax revenue rose to a record high. In the Grieser era, the city's new motto, Industry and Art , was developed. A large number of projects, in cooperation with the construction officer Jochen Müller (SPD) gave the city a new face, set new, nationally recognized symbols in architecture and were honored with numerous architecture prizes. Among

7488-700: The middle of Main Franconia, Germanic-speaking Europe and the European Union . Schweinfurt lies on the river Main , which connects the North Sea with the Black Sea via the Rhine-Main-Danube Canal . While not being part of any metropolitan area, the city is situated between the cities of Frankfurt (110 km west) and Nuremberg (90 km southeast), both with international airports. Schweinfurt also has

7592-513: The most powerful secular nobility in the area of today's northern Bavaria. Later supported Count Henry of Schweinfurt (called: Hezilo ) the East Frankish Henry ;II (1002–1024, from 1014 Roman-German Emperor) in the royal election of 1002 and was awarded the Duke dignity of Bavarians. After the election, however, Henry II did not fulfill the promise. Thereupon it came to

7696-406: The municipal council. At a national level, "coats of arms" were generally retained by European states with constitutional continuity of more than a few centuries, including constitutional monarchies like Denmark as well as old republics like San Marino and Switzerland . In Italy the use of coats of arms was only loosely regulated by the states existing before the unification of 1861. Since

7800-401: The number of inhabitants has been rising steadily, most recently to 54,032 at the end of 2018. Not included in the population statistics are members of the U.S. Army Garrison Schweinfurt stationed in and near the city between 1945 and 2014 with their families. These were at times over 12,000 people. The urban agglomeration is in the case of Schweinfurt a better comparison size to

7904-486: The old town, with the exception of later modernized fortifications, remained almost unchanged until the early 19th century. In 1609 the city joined the Protestant Union . The imperial city territory was supplemented 1620 also still around Madenhausen, which also belongs to Üchtelhausen today. Due to the acquisitions, the territory of the imperial city now had an extension of 17 km from southwest to northeast. As

8008-538: The oldest permanently existing natural-scientific academy in the world was founded in Schweinfurt, the German National Academy of Sciences Leopoldina . Traces of settlement as early as 7500 years ago can be detected on today's urban area at various places. The first settlement of the historic Schweinfurt (Village Old Town) was also on the Main, between the two streams Höllenbach and Marienbach , 1 km east of

8112-538: The opening of the Ludwigs-Westbahn from Bamberg to the new Schweinfurt Stadt station the connection to the railway network. With the construction of the line to Bad Kissingen (1871) and the Schweinfurt–Meiningen railway (1874) Schweinfurt became a railway junction. In 1874, a large marshalling and central station was built 3 km west of the city station, at that time on Oberndorf district,

8216-493: The population of other cities. In 1994, it had 105,000 inhabitants, fell to 96,600 inhabitants (Census 9. 5. 2011) and then rose again to 100,200 inhabitants (estimate 31. 12. 2018). Red: lowest since the early 1950s ¹ stating the town of Schweinfurt ² Census (official population) Schweinfurt is known for its metal industry, especially ball bearing plants, FAG Kugelfischer AG , ZF Sachs AG , Bosch Rexroth and SKF . The pigment Schweinfurt Green

8320-586: The population rose to 56,000, mainly due to the influx of late repatriates. However, by 2014, the number of inhabitants fell again to 51,600 people, the lowest since the early 1950s. Thereafter, contrary to the forecasts of the Bavarian State Statistics Office and the Bertelsmann Foundation , both of which merely continued the past demographic development, a positive turnaround occurred due to several factors not taken into account: refugees, US conversion, i-Campus Schweinfurt. Since 2015,

8424-476: The present day, coats of arms are still in use by a variety of institutions and individuals: for example, many European cities and universities have guidelines on how their coats of arms may be used, and protect their use as trademarks as any other unique identifier might be. Many societies exist that also aid in the design and registration of personal arms. Heraldry has been compared to modern corporate logos . The French system of heraldry greatly influenced

8528-428: The same heraldic authorities which have traditionally granted and regulated arms for centuries and continue to do so in the present day. In England, for example, the granting of arms is and has been controlled by the College of Arms . Unlike seals and other general emblems , heraldic "achievements" have a formal description called a blazon , which uses vocabulary that allows for consistency in heraldic depictions. In

8632-449: The seal is used to authenticate documents, whilst the heraldic device represents the state itself. The Vatican City State and the Holy See each have their own coat of arms . As the papacy is not hereditary, its occupants display their personal arms combined with those of their office. Some popes came from armigerous (noble) families; others adopted coats of arms during their career in

8736-523: The second largest Schaeffler , the second largest automotive supplier in the world ZF Friedrichshafen and the DAX  group Fresenius Medical Care have their largest plants in Schweinfurt. Some important inventions have their origin in Schweinfurt: the pedal bike by Philipp Moritz Fischer  (1853) as well as the freewheel  (1889) and the coaster brake  (1903) by Ernst Sachs . In 1652,

8840-556: The so-called Central Station and today's Schweinfurt Hauptbahnhof at the Bamberg–Rottendorf railway . It was created in a far-sighted manner amidst fields as a passenger and goods main station, with the aim of leaving as much room for the expected industrialization of the station, which also took place here until the end of the 1930s was. The Schweinfurt tram was the first municipal tram in Bavaria from 1895 to 1921 to connect

8944-500: The south and the low mountain range in the north, with international winter sports in Oberhof . Schweinfurt itself is also a city of great contrasts, in terms of topography, use and population structure. The bourgeois east lies on the foothills of the Schweinfurter Rhön , is intersected by valleys with streams, with the above the Marienbach located old town and numerous detached houses, on

9048-565: The struggle for supremacy in Main Franconia (region around the river Main ) between the Henneberger and the Bishop of Würzburg , the city was destroyed between 1240 and 1250 (First City Spoilage) . However, it is controversial whether this destruction was still in the old settlement between Höllenbach and Marienbach and thus a reason for the rebuilding of the city on the farther west, today's site

9152-500: The styles and customs of heraldry in the Nordic countries , which developed comparatively late. In the Nordic countries , provinces, regions, cities, and municipalities have coats of arms. These are posted at the borders and on buildings containing official offices, as well as used in official documents and on the uniforms of municipal officers. Arms may also be used on souvenirs or other effects, given that an application has been granted by

9256-492: The undisputed end of the important role of the Margraves of Schweinfurt. To the beginnings of today's old town from the 12th century, 1 km west of the previous settlement between the two streams Marienbach and Höllenbach , there are different views. The from a gradual construction to a planned Civitas Imperii ( imperial city ), so a founding city, by Emperor Frederick I Barbarossa , using existing royal estate, rich. In

9360-568: The usage and granting of coats of arms was strictly regulated by the Ulster King of Arms from the office's creation in 1552. After Irish independence in 1922 the office was still functioning and working out of Dublin Castle . The last Ulster King of Arms was Sir Nevile Rodwell Wilkinson [Ulster King of Arms 1908–1940], who held it until his death in 1940. At the Irish government's request, no new King of Arms

9464-692: The use of arms is a matter of civil law and regulated by the College of Arms and the High Court of Chivalry . In reference to a dispute over the exercise of authority over the Officers of Arms in England, Arthur Annesley, 1st Earl of Anglesey , Lord Privy Seal , declared on 16 June 1673 that the powers of the Earl Marshal were "to order, judge, and determine all matters touching arms, ensigns of nobility, honour, and chivalry; to make laws, ordinances, and statutes for

9568-486: The use of arms was strictly regulated; few countries continue in this today. This has been carried out by heralds and the study of coats of arms is therefore called "heraldry". In time, the use of arms spread from military entities to educational institutes, and other establishments. In Scotland, the Lord Lyon King of Arms has criminal jurisdiction to control the use of arms. In England, Northern Ireland and Wales

9672-476: The war Schweinfurt became a stronghold of the U.S. military and their dependents. Thus Schweinfurt recovered relatively quickly from its third period of destruction. The tank barracks renamed Ledward Barracks in 1946, became the headquarters of the newly founded U.S. Army Garrison Schweinfurt (USAG Schweinfurt). The U.S. Army took over the Luftwaffe Airfield as Schweinfurt Army Heliport and renamed

9776-437: The withdrawal of the US Army at Schweinfurt in 2014, a total of about 100,000 US soldiers were stationed in the town. Following German Reunification in 1990, Schweinfurt has become an important traffic hub in the centre of Germany. It has the highest employment density (2015) and the third highest gross domestic product per inhabitant of Germany (2014). The world's largest bearing group SKF ,

9880-510: The word Thing (also seen in Old English þing in the same sense, namely “assembly”). A þing (pronounced the same way as the Modern English thing ) or a Ding ( Modern High German ) was the name for Volksversammlungen (roughly, “ folkmoots ”) and assizes held under old Germanic law . Thüngen's origins therefore point to a place where such gatherings were held. This explanation for

9984-474: Was 0. In other areas, 37 workers on the social welfare contribution rolls were employed, and 541 such workers worked from home. There were 0 processing businesses. Two businesses were in construction, and furthermore, in 1999, there were 16 agricultural operations with a working area of 911 ha, with the Barons’ estate alone accounting for more than 300 ha of this. Thüngen is crossed by Bundesstraße 26. On

10088-468: Was able to restore output to 85% of its pre-bombing level. Hitler made restoration of ball bearing production a high priority and massive efforts were undertaken to repair and rebuild the factories, partly in bomb-proof underground facilities. The 42nd Infantry Division (United States) entered Schweinfurt on 11 April 1945 and engaged in house-to-house fighting. On 12 April an internment camp at Goethe-Schule held male civilians aged 16–60. After

10192-527: Was appointed. Thomas Ulick Sadleir , the Deputy Ulster King of Arms, then became the Acting Ulster King of Arms. He served until the office was merged with that of Norroy King of Arms in 1943 and stayed on until 1944 to clear up the backlog. An earlier Ireland King of Arms was created by King Richard II in 1392 and discontinued by King Henry VII in 1487. It did not grant many coats of arms –

10296-538: Was completed as a transport Project German Unity No. 16. In 2017 Schweinfurt gained further centrality with the 10 billion Euro transport Project German Unity No. 8. Berlin is now under three and a half hours, Munich from 2:33 hours and Hamburg from 3:57 hours reachable, now two high-speed lines, with change in Bamberg and Würzburg . Berlin and Munich are about three-quarters of an hour faster from Schweinfurt than from Frankfurt. Paris

10400-665: Was completely surrounded by the Catholic Hochstift Würzburg. In a confession change had to be expected military assault. The patron of the city, Count Wilhelm von Henneberg, did not offer sufficient support. In the course of the Second Margrave War , the city was looted in 1554 and set on fire. This went as the Second City Spoilage in the city history ( First City Spoilage see: 8th–13th centuries ). The reconstruction dragged on until 1615. In this form,

10504-515: Was first documented in 791 and is one of the oldest cities in Bavaria. Around 1000 the Margraves of Schweinfurt controlled large parts of northern Bavaria. From the 12th century until 1802 Schweinfurt was a Free imperial city within the Holy Roman Empire , around 1700 a humanistic centre and in 1770 began the 250-year industrial history. During World War II , the Americans suffered their biggest air defeat over Schweinfurt in

10608-405: Was only second, after the city centre, with 11,276 inhabitants. In 1939, Schweinfurt had about 49,000 inhabitants. The population reached its highest level in 1970 with 58,500 inhabitants. While thereafter most German cities could compensate for a demographic -related decrease of inhabitants by incorporations, in Schweinfurt the population decreased to about 52,000 in 1987. By 1996,

10712-464: Was or whether the destruction took place here already. In a letter from King William of Holland dated January 9, 1254, it is said that Schweinfurt used to be imperial city (... Swinforde, que olim imperii civitas fuerat) . It remains unclear whether rights have ever been withdrawn from the city or whether only reference is made to the city's destruction. However, this letter is the first documentary evidence of Schweinfurt as imperial city and thus as

10816-477: Was planted at the Planplatz . In 1923, the association Bayern und Reich (“Bavaria and Empire”) staged an event in Thüngen at which owing to arguments with inhabitants, a worker was killed. Of the 152 Jewish inhabitants still in the community in 1933, many had emigrated by 1940. Nevertheless, at least 50 Thüngen inhabitants were deported and murdered. Since 1978, the market communities of Thüngen and Zellingen , and

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