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58-488: The station is no longer served by long-distance traffic since the introduction of the Interregio line from Stuttgart via Würzburg and Schweinfurt to Erfurt in 2001. It still has an important role, however, in regional and local rail services. There are currently passenger services on the following lines: On the single-tracked branch line Kitzingen–Schweinfurt there is still goods traffic between Gochsheim and Schweinfurt,

116-639: A Jesuit college was founded in the city in 1617. The prosperity came to an end in the middle of the 17th century, caused by the invading Swedish army during the Deluge , and a general decline of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth . The city decline lasted for over a hundred years, and only at the end of the 18th century did it recover its former levels of population. In 1754, the Latin Catholic bishop founded Przemyśl's first public library, which

174-686: A Ruthenian library was established in Przemyśl. By 1822, its collection had over 33,000 books and its importance for Ruthenians was comparable to that held by the Ossolineum library in Lwów for Poles. Przemyśl also became the centre of the revival of Byzantine choral music in the Greek Catholic Church . Until eclipsed by Lviv in the 1830s, Przemyśl was the most important city in the Ruthenian cultural awakening in

232-601: A connecting line from Przemyśl to Kraków, and east to Lwów. In the middle of the 19th century, due to the growing conflict between Austria and Russia over the Balkans , Austria grew more mindful of Przemyśl's strategic location near the border with the Russian Empire . During the Crimean War , when tensions mounted between Russia and Austria, a series of massive fortresses, 15 km (9 mi) in circumference, were built around

290-747: A consequence of the First Partition of Poland , Przemyśl became part of the Austrian Empire , in what the Austrians called the Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria . According to the Austrian census of 1830, the city was home to 7,538 people of whom 3,732 were Latin Catholic , 2,298 Jews and 1,508 were members of the Greek Catholic Church , a significantly larger number of Ruthenians than in most Galician cities. In 1804,

348-568: A faster option than regional trains but slower than intercity trains. They operate along the lines Porto - Régua - Pocinho , Figueira da Foz - Porto - Valença , Porto - Coimbra , Lisboa - Tomar , Lisboa - Caldas da Rainha and Caldas da Rainha - Coimbra . The Interregional service is operated by CP Regional using CP 2240 EMU-s, Spanish rented CP 592 DMU-s and locomotives CP 2600 with Arco coaches bought to Renfe in 2020 and refurbished by Comboios de Portugal. The InterRegio in Switzerland

406-656: A first-class fare for interREGIO trains and in service are first-class coaches, yet declassified. On 3 March 2012, the Szczekociny train collision occurred, with 15 deaths and 50 injured. Since 1 September 2015 IR trains are only on routes Łódź – Warszawa and Ełk – Grodno (Belarus), due to company's economics and restructuring. The rest were withdrawn or replaced by Twoje Linie Kolejowe express trains. Portugal's national railway company Comboios de Portugal (CP) operates some Interregionais, which before 2001 were known as "Directos" or "Semi-Directos". These trains offer

464-579: A large influx of Jewish refugees from the General Government who sought to cross the border to Romania . It is estimated that by mid-1941 the Jewish population of the city had grown to roughly 16,500. In the Operation Barbarossa of 1941, the eastern Soviet-occupied part of the city was also occupied by Germany. On 20 June 1942, the first group of 1,000 Jews was transported from the Przemyśl area to

522-618: A public execution. Among the many Polish rescuers there, were the Banasiewicz , Kurpiel, Kuszek, Lewandowski, and Podgórski families. In October 1941, the Germans relocated the Stalag II F prisoner-of-war camp from Czarne to Przemyśl and renamed it Stalag 315, with some POWs, including Jews and Soviet communist political commisars, executed by the Sicherheitsdienst . In November 1942,

580-578: Is a city in southeastern Poland with 56,466 inhabitants, as of December 2023. In 1999, it became part of the Subcarpathian Voivodeship ; it was previously the capital of Przemyśl Voivodeship . Przemyśl owes its long and rich history to the advantages of its geographic location. The city lies in an area connecting mountains and lowlands known as the Przemyśl Gate (Brama Przemyska), with open lines of transport, and fertile soil. It also lies on

638-674: Is mostly true only for weekend services). All trains in Belgium shared the same cost structure, so taking an IR train cost the same as an IC or L train for the same route. The only difference lay in the number of station stops they called at. In December 2014 the InterRegio was withdrawn, InterRegio lines were either converted to InterCity or local train or cancelled completely. InterRegio trains were also commonplace in Germany from 1988 to 2003. They travelled and mainly connected regions in Germany. Most of

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696-496: Is national as well. The trains operate along the lines Sárbogárd – Szekszárd – Baja and Kecskemét –Baja– Dombóvár . InterRégió trains use air-conditioned MÁV 6341 DMU -s which were built by the Russian Metrovagonmash . In Poland, interREGIO trains were introduced by Przewozy Regionalne (PR) in spring of 2009 (15 years ago)  ( 2009 ) , the first IR train connecting Białystok with Warsaw . The fare

754-972: Is similar as TLK -branded fast trains of PKP Intercity . In the beginning these trains operated mostly on Fridays and Sundays along the routes: Wrocław - Kraków , Kraków- Przemyśl , Poznań - Olsztyn , Poznań-Warsaw and Bydgoszcz -Warsaw. Since June 2009 there are more interREGIO trains on routes; most of them are available through the whole week, some of them only on weekends. More routes were introduced, some of which are especially made for students, like Kielce - Częstochowa -Wrocław. InterREGIO in Poland mostly uses older electric multiple units (usually ED72 , EN71 and EN57 ), with newer units on some routes ( ED73 and ED59 between Warsaw and Łódź , 14WE between Kraków and Warsaw). Some IR trains are serviced with single- and/or double-decker cars and locomotives. As of 1 January 2009 , all IR trains in Poland are second class-only, even though PR's regulations include

812-429: Is warm-summer humid continental ( Köppen : Dfb ). Despite its location in southeastern Poland, its winters may be colder than at higher latitudes, especially in the north-west of the country due to continentality. The main Przemyśl railway station is called Przemyśl Główny , and is located in the city center. About 40 trains depart every day, including trains to many cities in Poland, as well as in Germany, Austria,

870-574: The Central Powers recaptured the destroyed fortress on 3 June 1915. During the fighting around Przemyśl, both sides lost up to 115,000 killed, wounded, and missing. Population of Przemyśl, 1931 At the end of World War I, Przemyśl became disputed between renascent Poland and the West Ukrainian People's Republic . On 1 November 1918, a local provisional government was formed with representatives of Polish, Jewish, and Ruthenian inhabitants of

928-684: The General Government . Members of the Einsatzgruppe I co-formed the local German police unit. On 10 November 1939, the Germans carried out mass arrests of Poles in left-bank Przemyśl and the county, as part of the Intelligenzaktion . Arrested Poles were detained in the local German police prison, and then deported to a prison in Kraków, from where they were eventually deported to the Auschwitz concentration camp . The Soviet-occupied right-bank part of

986-697: The Janowska concentration camp , and on 15 July 1942 a Nazi ghetto was established for all Jewish inhabitants of Przemyśl and its vicinity – some 22,000 people altogether. Local Jews were given 24 hours to enter the ghetto. Jewish communal buildings, including the Tempel Synagogue and the Old Synagogue were destroyed; the New Synagogue , Zasanie Synagogue , and all commercial and residential real estate belonging to Jews were expropriated. The ghetto in Przemyśl

1044-488: The Lviv –Przemyśl railway junction. Different names in various languages have identified the city throughout its history. Selected languages include: Czech : Přemyšl ; German : Premissel, Prömsel, Premslen ; Latin : Premislia ; Ukrainian : Перемишль (Peremyshl ) and Пшемисль (Pshemysl ); and Yiddish : פּשעמישל (Pshemishl). Przemyśl is the second-oldest city (after Kraków ) in southeastern Poland, dating back to

1102-627: The invasion of Poland , which started World War II , the German and Polish armies fought the Battle of Przemyśl in and around the city. After the battle German Einsatzgruppe I entered the city to commit various atrocities against the population , and the Einsatzgruppe zbV entered to take over the Polish industry. The battle was followed by three days of massacres carried out by the German soldiers, police and Einsatzgruppe I against hundreds of Jews who lived in

1160-569: The voivodship was in Lwów (see: Lwów Voivodeship ), Przemyśl recovered its nodal position as a seat of local church administration, as well as the garrison of the 10th Military District of the Polish Army — a staff unit charged with organizing the defence of roughly 10% of the territory of pre-war Poland. As of 1931, Przemyśl had a population of 62,272 and was the biggest city in southeatern Poland between Kraków and Lwów. On 11–14 September 1939, during

1218-519: The 8th century. It was the site of a fortified gord belonging to the Ledzianie ( Lendians ), a West Slavic tribe . In the 9th century, the fortified settlement and the surrounding region became part of Great Moravia . Most likely, the city's name dates back to the Moravian period. Also, archeological remains testify to the presence of a Christian monastic settlement as early as the 9th century. Upon

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1276-567: The Czech Republic and Ukraine. The main road connection to the rest of Poland is provided by the A4 motorway that passes about 15 km north of the city center. The closest international airport is Rzeszów–Jasionka , about 90 km away by road. Due to the long and rich history of the city, there are many sights in and around Przemyśl, of special interest to tourists, including the Old Town, which

1334-506: The December 2023 timetable change, the following InterRegio services exist, operated by SBB CFF FFS , BLS , RhB and SOB : In Belgium, InterRegio (IR) trains were slower than the fast IC trains, and usually called at more stations along a route. Their journey was usually not as long as IC trains, but still traveled further than the local (L) trains. Most IR trains had hourly frequencies, some having only services every two hours (although this

1392-498: The Generous retook the town and temporarily made it his residence. In 1085, the town became the capital of a semi-independence Principality of Peremyshl under the lordship of Kievan Rus' . The palatium complex including a Latin rotunda was built during the rule of the Polish king Bolesław I the Brave in the 11th century. Sometime before 1218, an Orthodox eparchy was founded in

1450-739: The InterRegio lines have been replaced by InterCity lines; a few were replaced by the newly established Interregio-Express (IRE) type. However, Interregio-Express lines belong technically to the short distance train category, and tend to be shorter. InterRegio trains were very popular as they could be used without supplement. DB gradually retired the concept in favor of more expensive InterCity (IC) or Intercity Express (ICE) trains with several former IR lines also being split up and downgraded to regional services. The Ferrovie dello Stato Italiane introduced interregional trains ( Italian : treni interregionali ) in 1993, with express trains and some direct trains classified under this category. The name

1508-633: The Nations ". The process of extermination of the Jews resumed thereafter. Until September 1943 almost all Jews were sent to the Auschwitz or Belzec extermination camps. The local branches of the Polish underground and the Żegota managed to save 415 Jews. According to a postwar investigation in German archives, 568 Poles were executed by the Germans for sheltering Jews in the area of Przemyśl, including Michał Kruk, hanged along with several others on 6 September 1943 in

1566-561: The Russian army resumed its advance and initiated a second siege of the fortress of Przemyśl in October 1914. This time relief attempts were unsuccessful. Due to lack of food and exhaustion of its defenders, the fortress surrendered on 22 March 1915. The Russians captured 126,000 prisoners and 700 big guns. Before the surrender, the complete destruction of all fortifications was carried out. The Russians did not linger in Przemyśl. A renewed offensive by

1624-440: The area. However, on 3 November, a Ukrainian military unit overthrew the government, arrested its leader and captured the eastern part of the city. The Ukrainian army was checked by a small Polish self-defence unit formed of World War I veterans. Also, numerous young Polish volunteers from Przemyśl's high schools, later to be known as Przemyśl Orlęta, The Eaglets of Przemyśl (in a similar manner to more famous Lwów Eaglets ), joined

1682-600: The beginning of the First World War , Russian forces defeated Austro-Hungarian forces in the opening engagements and advanced rapidly into Galicia . The Przemyśl fortress fulfilled its mission very effectively, helping to stop a 300,000-strong Russian army advancing upon the Carpathian Passes and Kraków, the Lesser Poland regional capital. The first siege was lifted by a temporary Austro-Hungarian advance. However,

1740-557: The camp was moved to Villingen . Then in December 1942, the occupiers relocated the Stalag 327 prisoner-of-war camp from Sanok to Przemyśl with multiple subcamps founded in the area. It housed Italian, Dutch and Soviet POWs, with the Italians and Soviets suffering from malnutrition and infectious diseases, and Italians also subjected to mass executions by the Gestapo and SS. In July 1944, the camp

1798-677: The city by the Austrian military. In 1909, the Polish "Museum of the Przemyśl Land" was established in Przemyśl. It was an extremely important facility for the Polish population. The census of 1910, showed that the city had 54,078 residents. Latin Catholics were the most numerous 25,306 (46.8%), followed by Jews 16,062 (29.7%) and Greek Catholics 12,018 (22.2%). 87% of the city's inhabitants spoke Polish. All Poles spoke Polish, and most Jews were bilingual and communicated in Yiddish and Polish, but owing to

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1856-721: The city was incorporated to the Ukrainian SSR in the atmosphere of NKVD terror as thousands of Jews were ordered to be deported. It became part of the newly established Drohobych Oblast . In 1940, the city became an administrative centre of Peremyshl Uyezd with the Peremyshl Fortified District established along the Nazi-Soviet frontier before the German attack against the USSR in 1941. The town's population increased due to

1914-487: The city welcomed thousands of Polish migrants from Kresy (Eastern Borderlands) who were expelled by the Soviets — their numbers restored the population of the city to its prewar level. On 11 July 2022, President of Ukraine Volodymyr Zelenskyy conferred the honorary title of " Rescuer City " upon Przemyśl for the role the city played in helping Ukrainian refugees fleeing the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine . The climate

1972-503: The city. Przemyśl later became part of the Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia , from 1246 under Mongol suzerainty. In 1340, Przemyśl was retaken by the king Casimir III of Poland and again became part of the Kingdom of Poland as result of the Galicia–Volhynia Wars . Around this time, the first Latin Catholic diocese was founded in the city, and Przemyśl was granted a city charter based on Magdeburg rights , confirmed in 1389 by

2030-628: The city. In total, over 500 Jews were murdered in and around the city and the vast majority of the city's Jewish population was deported across the San River into the portion of Poland that was occupied by the Soviet Union . The border between the two invaders ran through the middle of the city along the San River until June 1941. German-occupied left-bank Przemyśl was part of the Kraków District of

2088-586: The early 2020s, most IR services are numbered and each has a distinct colour. The ICN runs as an InterCity (IC) train but sometimes with halt frequencies in the same manner as an IR ( Geneva / Lausanne - St. Gallen / Basel route) and sometimes as IC trains ( Basel - Chiasso ). When ICN services first began on 28 May 2000, the ICN was placed as an InterRegio train. As of 2023, SBB RABe 511 or RABe 502 operate as IR services on several routes, while some routes are operated by SOB RABe 526 , BLS RABe 528 or other. As of

2146-655: The heavy flow of passengers that travel on those days. These InterRegio services also have fewer stops than the InterCity services, which goes against the original InterRegio concept of long-distance trains with more local stops. There are no specific rules for the composition for these trains, and both old and new material has been used for InterRegio services. The InterRégió trains were introduced in Hungary on 12 December 2009 (14 years ago)  ( 2009-12-12 ) . InterRégió trains run mainly on regional lines, but their function

2204-559: The host. The battlefront divided the city along the river San, with the western borough of Zasanie held in Polish hands and the Old Town controlled by the Ukrainians. Neither Poles nor Ukrainians could effectively cross the San river, so both opposing parties decided to wait for a relief force from the outside. That race was won by the Polish reinforcements and the volunteer expeditionary unit formed in Kraków arrived in Przemyśl on 10 November 1918. When

2262-428: The inability to declare Yiddish, almost all Jews declared the Polish language. With technological progress in artillery during the second half of the 19th century, the old fortifications rapidly became obsolete. The longer range of rifled artillery necessitated the redesign of fortresses so that they would be larger and able to resist the newly available guns. To achieve this, between the years 1888 and 1914 Przemyśl

2320-636: The invasion of the Hungarian tribes into the heart of the Great Moravian Empire around 899, the local Lendians declared allegiance to the Hungarians. The region then became a site of contention between Poland , Kievan Rus and Hungary beginning in at least the 9th century, with Przemyśl along with other Cherven Grods , falling under the control of the Polans ( Polanie ), who would in the 10th century under

2378-475: The king Władysław II Jagiełło . The city prospered as an important trade centre during the 16th century. Like nearby Lwów , the city's population consisted of a great number of nationalities, including Poles , Jews , Germans , Czechs , Armenians and Ruthenians . The long period of prosperity enabled the construction of public buildings such as the Renaissance town hall and the Old Synagogue of 1559. Also,

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2436-616: The most dense network. InterRegio trains are semi-fast long-distance trains with more stops and usually lower prices than more upscale long-distance trains such as the InterCity . The InterRegio system was also introduced to the Danish railways in the early 1990s and became an alternative to the InterCity services, with no seat reservation required. However, unlike other countries, InterRegio trains in Denmark only operates on Fridays and Sundays, to support

2494-514: The navigable San River . Important trade routes that connect Central Europe from Przemyśl ensure the city's importance. The Old Town of Przemyśl is listed as a Historic Monument of Poland . Since the start of the Russian invasion of Ukraine on 24 February 2022, Przemyśl has been a point of refuge for many Ukrainians, as it is located near the Poland–Ukraine border and serves as the end point of

2552-463: The nineteenth century. As the majority of Przemyśl's inhabitants were Poles, the city also became a centre for the development of Polish culture and science, and Polish independence organisations also operated in Przemyśl. The greatest heyday of Polishness in Przemyśl dates back to 1860-1918, due to the granting of autonomy to Galicia. In 1861, the Galician Railway of Archduke Charles Louis built

2610-461: The rest of the line to Kitzingen -Etwashausen is unused. Schweinfurt Hauptbahnhof is embedded in the Deutsche Bahn network as shown below (as at: 2006/2007 timetable) : Schweinfurt Hbf is a timetable hub ( Taktknoten ), i.e. every hour on the hour trains arrive on the three main lines and depart shortly after the hour again. Included in this system are the three Regional-Express links and

2668-467: The rule of Mieszko I establish the Polish state. When Mieszko I annexed the tribal area of Lendians in 970–980, Przemyśl became an important local centre on the eastern frontier of Piast 's realm. The city was mentioned by Nestor the Chronicler , when in 981 it was captured by Vladimir I of Kiev . In 1018, Przemyśl returned to Poland , and in 1031 it was retaken by the Rus'. Around the year 1069, Przemyśl again returned to Poland, after Bolesław II

2726-456: The same day, Major Max Liedtke , military commander of Przemyśl, ordered his troops to seize the bridge across the San river that connected the divided city, and halt the evacuation. The Gestapo were forced to give him permission to retain the workers performing service for the Wehrmacht (up to 100 Jews with families). For the actions undertaken by Liedtke and his adjutant Albert Battel in Przemyśl, Yad Vashem later named them " Righteous Among

2784-505: The section to Bad Kissingen. The station building at Schweinfurt Hauptbahnhof is on the north side of the tracks. After the original building had been destroyed by bomb attacks in the Second World War , a modern, functional building was erected after the war in the style of the 1950s. The two-storey building houses a Deutsche Bahn travel centre ( ReiseZentrum ), toilets, lockers and several shops. The station has five through platforms for passengers. Two bay platforms directly in front of

2842-473: The station building are no longer needed for scheduled services since trains from Bad Kissingen and Meiningen now pass through the Hauptbahnhof and stop at the more centrally-sited Schweinfurt Stadt station. All platforms have a height of 38 cm and are accessed by flights of stairs from an underpass. Interregio The InterRegio , often shortened to IR , is a train service in use in some European countries with Swiss Federal Railways operating

2900-405: The subsequent Polish ultimatum to the Ukrainians remained unanswered, on 11–12 November the Polish forces crossed the San and forced out the outnumbered Ukrainians from the city in what became known as the 1918 Battle of Przemyśl . After the end of the Polish–Ukrainian War and the Polish–Bolshevik War that followed, the city became a part of the Second Polish Republic . Although the capital of

2958-447: The trains of EIB Line 4. There is an hourly service to Würzburg and Bamberg which is achieved by overlapping the two RE lines, and on the routes to Bad Kissingen and Meiningen/Erfurt there is also an hourly service which alternates between RE and EIB trains. On the Würzburg–Bamberg route the frequency of RE trains is supplemented by the use of RegionalBahn services; likewise the EIB Linie 5 Schweinfurt–Gemünden (Main), bolsters

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3016-635: Was abandoned in 2006 and the services subsequently operated as either CityExpress (CExp) or regional trains (R/REG). Since 2010, the former interregional trains received the new category treno regionale veloce (RV/RGV), lit.   ' fast regional trains ' . Austrian Federal Railways (ÖBB) intends to introduce the InterRegio category for long-distance services on routes that are currently only served by regional trains and routes currently served by long-distance trains only. The introduction of this scheduled for December 2025. Przemy%C5%9Bl Przemyśl ( Polish: [ˈpʂɛmɨɕl] )

3074-408: Was established several kilometres to the east of Przemyśl. In the postwar period, the border ran only 15 kilometres to the east of the city, cutting it off from much of its economic hinterland. Due to the killing of Jews in the Nazi Holocaust and the postwar expulsion of Ukrainians (in the Operation Vistula or akcja Wisła ), the city's population fell to 36,000, almost entirely Polish. However,

3132-421: Was evacuated westwards in a death march with death rates reaching 50 men per day. The Red Army took the town from German forces on 27 July 1944. On 16 August 1945, a border agreement between the government of the Soviet Union and the Polish Provisional Government of National Unity , installed by the Soviets, was signed in Moscow . According to the so-called Curzon Line , the postwar eastern border of Poland

3190-438: Was first introduced in 1997 (27 years ago)  ( 1997 ) . They replaced some of the former fast trains with their own identity. InterRegio trains run from region to region within Switzerland. One service extends to the German city of Konstanz , just across the border . InterRegio trains are now very commonplace in Switzerland. The abbreviation is IR in a 45°-edgy font, white letters on red ( [REDACTED] ). Since

3248-489: Was only the second public library in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, with Warsaw 's Załuski Library founded 7 years earlier. Przemyśl's importance at that time was such that when Austria annexed eastern Galicia in 1772 the Austrians considered making Przemyśl their provincial capital, before deciding on Lwów. In the mid-18th century, Jews constituted 55.6% (1,692) of the population, Latin Catholic Poles 39.5% (1,202), and Greek Catholic Ruthenians 4.8% (147). In 1772, as

3306-448: Was sealed off from the outside on 14 July 1942. By that time, there may have been as many as 24,000 Jews in the ghetto. On 27 July the Gestapo notified Judenrat about the forced resettlement program and posted notices that an "Aktion" (roundup for deportation to camps) was to be implemented involving almost all occupants. Exceptions were made for some essential, and Gestapo workers, who would have their papers stamped accordingly. On

3364-494: Was turned into a first-class fortress , the third-largest in Europe out of about 200 that were built in this period. Around the city, in a circle of circumference 45 km (28 mi), 44 forts of various sizes were built. The older fortifications were modernised to provide the fortress with an internal defence ring. The fortress was designed to accommodate 85,000 soldiers and 956 cannons of all sorts, although eventually 120,000 soldiers were garrisoned there. In August 1914, at

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