73-603: Richmond Hill in Richmond and Petersham , London, is a hill that begins gently in the north and north-east side of Richmond town and through its former fields, orchards and vineyard to a point just within Richmond Park , the deer park emparked and enclosed by Charles I . The straight southwest slope is steepest, falling away to Petersham meadows by the Thames and is a backdrop to Kingston and Richmond Bridges . Other returns to
146-616: A Special Area of Conservation and is included, at Grade I, on Historic England 's Register of Historic Parks and Gardens of special historic interest in England . It was created by Charles I in 1634 as a deer park and now has 630 red and fallow deer that roam freely through much of the park. The park has a number of traffic and pedestrian gates leading to the surrounding areas of Sheen , Roehampton , Putney , Kingston and Ham . The London Borough of Richmond upon Thames, with Richmond North and Richmond South as two of its wards , has
219-457: A converted primary school. The 172-seat theatre was built specifically as a theatre in the round . Exclusively presenting its own productions, it has acquired a national reputation for the quality of its work for staging new plays, and for discovering undeservedly forgotten old plays and neglected classics. The town has two cinemas, the arthouse Curzon in Water Lane and an Odeon cinema with
292-414: A fair amount of vehicle parking for both residents and visitors. The south corner leads into the main shopping area of the town; at the west corner is the old gatehouse which leads through to other remaining buildings of the palace; at the north corner is pedestrian access to Old Deer Park (plus vehicle access for municipal use). The park is a 360-acre (1.5 km ) Crown Estate landscape extending from
365-539: A new borough, the London Borough of Richmond upon Thames. Richmond sits opposite East Twickenham on what is technically the south bank of the River Thames , but because of the bends of the river, the town is immediately north and north-east of its nearest stretch of river. The Thames curves around the town, and then Kew, in its course; starting from Petersham , it returns to a more direct west–east direction. The river
438-488: A positive contribution to Richmond. It also organises meetings on topics of local interest and a programme of guided walks and visits, and publishes a quarterly newsletter. Anita Anand , Professor Ian Bruce , John, Lord Lee of Trafford , Sir Trevor McDonald , Ronny, Baroness van Dedem and Lord Watson of Richmond are the Society's patrons. With a third of the borough being green and open space, Richmond has much to offer in
511-514: A total of seven screens in two locations, the foyer of one having the accolade of being the only high street building visible from Richmond Bridge, and the second set being situated nearby in Red Lion Street. The Odeon on Hill Street, built in 1930, is in Art Deco style and is Grade II listed. Numerous public houses and bars scattered throughout Richmond's town centre, and along the river and up
584-434: Is "almost entirely surrounded" by others. The original homes on Richmond Hill were set back in what is now The Vineyard , including Clarence House , Halford House , Michel's Almshouses and Vineyard House. Richmond Hill shares with Ham and Petersham TW10 postcodes. The last two syllables (mond, hill) are an unlinked pleonasm (tautology) unapparent to native speakers. Mond and large hill are cognate . The origin
657-416: Is a civic society and conservation group which was founded in 1957 by a group of local residents, originally to fight against the proposal to install modern lamp posts around Richmond Green. It acts as a pressure group concerned with preserving Richmond's natural and built environment, monitoring and influencing development proposals and presenting annual awards for buildings and other schemes which make
730-534: Is a Christmas and New Year pantomime tradition and many of Britain's greatest music hall and pantomime performers have appeared here. Close to Richmond railway station is the Orange Tree Theatre which was founded in 1971 in a room above the Orange Tree pub . As audience numbers increased, there was pressure to find a more accommodating space and, in 1991, the company moved to its current premises within
803-574: Is as a description of a place in France. This came across due to a noble style of at least 1071 Lord of ( seigneur de ) Richmond/t , associated with the Harrying of the North and thus Richmond, North Yorkshire . This settled into the title of Earl of Richmond briefly in its history borne by Henry VII of England . It was popularised from his local development of Richmond Palace to replace Shene Palace, precisely as
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#1732850982958876-411: Is in a Grade II listed building dating from about 1760. The Richmond Local History Society explores the local history of Richmond, Kew, Petersham and Ham. It organises a programme of talks on history topics and visits to buildings of historical interest. The Society publishes a newsletter three times a year, an indexed journal ( Richmond History ) and other publications. The Richmond Society
949-657: Is now known, however, that an earlier match between Kent and Surrey took place in Dartford in 1709. To the west of the Green is Old Palace Lane , running gently down to the river. One of the oldest roads in Richmond, it was originally a route from the river, where goods were loaded and unloaded by crane, to the "tradesmen's entrance" to Richmond Palace. Adjoining to the left is the renowned terrace of well-preserved three-storey houses known as Maids of Honour Row. These were built in 1724 for
1022-565: Is set back off the road, lined with benches, allowing pedestrians an uninterrupted view across the Thames valley with visitors' information boards describing points of interest. Sloping down to the River Thames are the Terrace Gardens that were laid out in the 1880s and were extended to the river some 40 years later. A commanding feature on the hill is the former Royal Star and Garter Home ; in
1095-400: Is still tidal at Richmond, so, to allow major passenger and goods traffic to continue to operate during low tide, a half-tide lock was opened in 1894 and is used when the adjacent weir is in position. This weir ensures that there is always a minimum depth of water of 5 ft 8 in (1.73 m) toward the middle of the river between Richmond and Teddington , whatever the state of the tide. Above
1168-499: Is the highest point within the park. From the mound there is a protected view, established in 1710, of St Paul's Cathedral in the City of London over 10 miles (16 km) to the east. At various times the mound's name has been connected with Henry VIII or with his father Henry VII. However, there is no evidence to support the legend that Henry VIII stood on the mound to watch for the sign from St Paul's that Anne Boleyn had been executed at
1241-534: The London Borough of Richmond upon Thames . As of 2011 it had a population of 21,469 (in the North Richmond and South Richmond wards). It has a significant commercial and retail centre with a developed day and evening economy. The name "Richmond upon Thames" often refers, incorrectly, to the town of Richmond: in fact (unlike the case of nearby Kingston upon Thames ), the suffixed form should properly apply only to
1314-650: The North Riding . Before the honour was created, the land was held by Edwin, Earl of Mercia who died in 1071. The honour was granted to Count Alan Rufus (also known as Alain le Roux) by King William the Conqueror (as a gift of thanks for his services in the Conquest) sometime from after the Domesday Book of 1068 to just after the earls death in 1071, the date is uncertain. The honour comprised 60 knight's fees and
1387-513: The Old Ship and the Britannia . Many of the major restaurant chains can be found within 500 metres of Richmond Bridge. There are also plenty of privately owned restaurants with culinary offerings from around the world, including French, German, Indian, Japanese, Korean, Russian, Spanish and Thai. The Bingham Riverhouse hotel was awarded its first Michelin star in 2010. Overlooking the Thames, it
1460-494: The Richmond Gate entrance to Richmond Park . The park is a national nature reserve , a Site of Special Scientific Interest , and a Special Area of Conservation . The largest of London's Royal Parks , it was created by Charles I in 1634 as a deer park and now has over 600 red and fallow deer . Richmond Gate remains open to traffic between dawn and dusk. King Henry's Mound , a Grade II listed Neolithic burial barrow ,
1533-839: The River Swale and the River Ure was the southern border with the Hang Wapentake while the western border was the Pennines . The division of Hang, or Hangshire, had the River Swale as its northern boundary; its western boundary was the Pennine watershed and its southern boundary was the watershed with the River Wharfe and the River Nidd . The eastern border followed small streams and minor landmarks from
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#17328509829581606-526: The River Thames , and features many parks and open spaces , including Richmond Park , and many protected conservation areas , which include much of Richmond Hill . A specific Act of Parliament protects the scenic view of the River Thames from Richmond. Richmond was founded following King Henry VII 's building in the 16th century of Richmond Palace (so-named in 1501), from which the town derives its name. (The palace's manor itself took its name from King Henry's earldom of Richmond, North Yorkshire ,
1679-480: The Tower and that he was then free to marry Jane Seymour . King Henry's Mound is in the grounds of Pembroke Lodge , which is Grade II listed. In 1847 this house became the home of the then Prime Minister , Lord John Russell , who conducted much government business there and entertained Queen Victoria , foreign royalty, aristocrats, writers ( Dickens , Thackeray , Longfellow , Tennyson ) and other notable people of
1752-531: The Yorkshire Dales . Apart from the great rugby stadium at Twickenham and the aircraft landing and taking off from Heathrow , the scene has changed little in two hundred years. The view from Richmond Hill now forms part of the Thames Landscape Strategy which aims to protect and enhance this section of the river corridor into London. A broad, gravelled walk runs along the crest of the hill and
1825-487: The flood plain are more complex across and beyond the park due to semi-natural ponds and dry and wet running vales feeding an easterly draining brook . The park has further upland – Wimbledon Common and Putney Heath – beyond. On, and gently scaling the steep fluvial terrace , is residential street Richmond Hill. It is built up only on its higher (northeast) side – from the Richmond Bridge corner of
1898-542: The maids of honour (trusted royal wardrobe servants) of Queen Caroline , the queen consort of George II . As a child, the Victorian explorer Richard Burton lived at No. 2. Today the northern, western and southern sides of the Green are residential while the eastern side, linking with George Street, is largely retail and commercial. Public buildings line the eastern side of the Little Green and pubs and cafés cluster in
1971-554: The wapentakes of Hang (later divided east and west), Gilling (later divided east and west) and Hallikeld . The Gilling wapentake or Gillingshire (later two wapentakes) consisted mainly of land which lay between the rivers Tees (to the north with the County of Durham on the other side), Wiske (to the east with Allertonshire on the other side). The north bordered land granted to the Prince Bishops of Durham . The watershed between
2044-489: The 2010s it was sold for development and converted into residential apartments. During World War I an old hotel on this site, the Star and Garter , which had been a popular place of entertainment in the 18th and 19th centuries but had closed in 1906, was taken over and used as a military hospital . After the war it was replaced by a new building providing accommodation and nursing facilities for 180 seriously injured servicemen. This
2117-449: The Green attracts many residents and visitors. It has a long history of hosting sporting events; from the 16th century onwards tournaments and archery contests have taken place on the Green, and there have been cricket matches since the mid-18th century, continuing to the present day. Until recently, the first recorded inter-county cricket match was believed to have been played on Richmond Green in 1730 between Surrey and Middlesex . It
2190-655: The London Assembly , which has been represented by Nicholas Rogers from the Conservative Party since 2021. Richmond, earlier known as Shene , was part of the large ancient parish of Kingston upon Thames in the Kingston hundred of Surrey . Split off from Kingston upon Thames from an early time, the parish of Richmond St Mary Magdalene formed the Municipal Borough of Richmond from 1890. The municipal borough
2263-668: The London borough. The area was known in the medieval period as Shene, a name first recorded (as Sceon ) in the 10th century, and which survives in the neighbouring districts of East Sheen (also known as Sheen) and North Sheen . The manor entered royal hands, and the manor house eventually became known as Sheen Palace, before being largely destroyed by fire in 1497. Henry VII rebuilt it and in 1501 named it Richmond Palace , in allusion to his earldom of Richmond and his ancestral honour of Richmond in Yorkshire . The associated settlement took
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2336-563: The Royal Family. The future king Edward VIII was born at White Lodge in 1894; his brother Prince Albert, Duke of York (the future George VI) and the Duchess of York (later Queen Elizabeth the Queen Mother) lived there in the 1920s. The Royal Ballet School (formerly Sadler's Wells Ballet) has been based since 1955 at the lodge, where younger ballet students continue to be trained. Also in
2409-610: The Wardrobe, Trumpeters' House (built around 1700), and the Gate House, built in 1501. This has five bedrooms and was made available on a 65-year lease by the Crown Estate Commissioners in 1986. Beyond the grounds of the old palace, Richmond remained mostly agricultural land until the 18th century. White Lodge , in the middle of what is now Richmond Park , was built as a hunting lodge for George II , and during this period
2482-483: The architect Quinlan Terry , who was commissioned to restore the area (1984–87). Within the river itself at this point are the leafy Corporation Island and the two small Flowerpot Islands . The Thames-side walkway provides access to residences, pubs and terraces, and various greens , lanes and footpaths through Richmond. The stretch of the Thames below Richmond Hill is known as Horse Reach and includes Glover's Island . There are towpaths and tracks along both sides of
2555-464: The area, including along the Thames towpath and in Richmond Park. Richmond Park also has bridle paths , and horses can be rented from a number of stables around the perimeter of the park. Honour of Richmond The Honour of Richmond (or Richmondshire) was a feudal barony in what is now mainly North Yorkshire , England. The honour was two tiers below Yorkshire , the middle tier being
2628-475: The corner by Paved Court and Golden Court – two of a number of alleys that lead from the Green to the main commercial thoroughfare of George Street. These alleys are lined with mostly privately owned boutiques . Partway up Richmond Hill is the Poppy Factory , staffed mainly by disabled ex-servicemen and women, which produces the remembrance poppies sold each November for Remembrance Day . The view from
2701-639: The council. Richmond town is divided into two wards – North Richmond, which has three Liberal Democrat councillors, and South Richmond, with two Liberal Democrat councillors and one from the Green Party . Richmond town forms part of the Richmond Park constituency for the UK Parliament . The MP , since 2019, is Sarah Olney from the Liberal Democrats. Richmond is also part of the South West constituency for
2774-637: The demolition of 297 houses. The Richmond War Memorial , which now commemorates both wars, was installed in 1921 at the end of Whittaker Avenue, between the Old Town Hall and the Riverside. The town of Richmond is in the London Borough of Richmond upon Thames, which is governed by Richmond upon Thames London Borough Council . The most recent election was in May 2022 when the Liberal Democrats retained control of
2847-406: The east bank with its neighbouring district of East Twickenham . Today, this bridge, together with the well-preserved Georgian terraces that surround Richmond Green and line Richmond Hill to its crest, now has listed building status. As Richmond continued to prosper and expand during the 19th century, much luxurious housing was built on the streets that line Richmond Hill, as well as shops in
2920-571: The east of the town near North Sheen railway station. A range of convenience shopping, restaurants and cafes can be found on the crest of Richmond Hill lining Friars Stile Road, as well as along Kew Road towards the Botanical Gardens , and on Sheen Road. Richmond also offers a wide variety of office accommodation and is the UK/European headquarters of several multi-national companies, including eBay , PayPal and The Securitas Group , as well as
2993-423: The former kings of this land, being wearie of the citie, used customarily thither to resort as to a place of pleasure, and serving highly to their recreation". It was rebuilt between 1414 and 1422, but destroyed by fire in 1497. Following that fire, Henry VII built a new residence at Sheen, and in 1501 he named it Richmond Palace. The theatre company to which Shakespeare belonged performed some plays there during
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3066-432: The head offices of a number of national, regional and local businesses. London's Evening Standard has described Richmond as "the beating heart of London's growing technology industry". The Thames is a major contributor to the interest that Richmond inspires in many people. It has an extensive frontage around Richmond Bridge, containing many bars and restaurants. Richmond Riverside owes much of its neo-Georgian style to
3139-516: The hill, with enough variety to cater to most tastes. One of the oldest is The Cricketers, serving beer since 1770, though the original building was burned down in 1844. It was soon replaced by the present building. Samuel Whitbread , founder of Whitbread Brewery , part-owned it with the Collins family who had a brewery in Water Lane, close to the old palace. Grade II listed pubs include the White Cross ,
3212-447: The history of Richmond, Ham, Petersham and Kew. Its rotating exhibitions , education activities and a programme of events cover the whole of the modern borough. The museum's highlights include 16th-century glass from Richmond Palace and a painting, The Terrace and View from Richmond Hill, Surrey by Dutch draughtsman and painter Leonard Knyff (1650–1722), which is part of the Richmond upon Thames Borough Art Collection. Admission to
3285-485: The largest of which are Marks & Spencer , Boots , Tesco Metro and Waitrose . The remaining town centre stores are largely single units. Mostly independent businesses line the narrow alleyways running off George Street towards Richmond Green and up Richmond Hill, and there is a farmers' market in Heron Square on Saturdays. Richmond has one large stand-alone supermarket, Sainsbury's , with parking for 420 cars, to
3358-471: The least poverty in London. The town of Richmond has the largest commercial centre in the borough and is classified as a major centre according to the London Plan . It is an established up-market shopping destination. Its compact centre has approximately 50,000 m of retail floor-space that is largely focused on George Street , The Quadrant and Hill Street. It comprises almost exclusively high street chains,
3431-410: The lock and weir there is a small footbridge . Richmond is well endowed with green and open spaces accessible to the public. At the heart of the town sits Richmond Green , which is roughly square in shape and together with the Little Green, a smaller green space stretching from its southeast corner, is 12 acres (5 hectares) in area. The Green is surrounded by well-used metalled roads that provide for
3504-483: The manor name had already changed and parish name would change. The associated settlement took the same name; for some years the two names were often used in conjunction (for example, "Shene otherwise called Richemount"). 51°27′10″N 0°17′57″W / 51.45278°N 0.29917°W / 51.45278; -0.29917 Richmond, London Richmond is a town in south-west London, 8.2 miles (13.2 km) west-southwest of Charing Cross . It stands on
3577-402: The middle of the work, Edward himself died at the manor, in 1377. Richard II was the first English king to make Sheen his main residence, which he did in 1383. Twelve years later, Richard was so distraught at the death of his wife Anne of Bohemia at the age of 28 that, according to Holinshed , the 16th-century English chronicler, he "caused it [the manor] to be thrown down and defaced; whereas
3650-521: The museum is free. The Riverside Gallery , also at the Old Town Hall, features temporary exhibitions by local artists including paintings, prints and photographs. Admission is free. Richmond has two theatres. Richmond Theatre on Little Green is a late Victorian structure designed by Frank Matcham and restored and extended by Carl Toms in 1990. The theatre has a weekly schedule of plays and musicals, usually given by professional touring companies, and pre- West End shows can sometimes be seen. There
3723-447: The number of large houses in their own grounds – such as Asgill House and Pembroke Lodge – increased significantly. These were followed by the building of further important houses, including Downe House , Wick House and The Wick on Richmond Hill , as this area became an increasingly fashionable place in which to live. Richmond Bridge was completed in 1777 to replace a ferry crossing that connected Richmond town centre on
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#17328509829583796-545: The original Richmond.) The town and palace became particularly associated with Queen Elizabeth I ( r. 1558–1603 ), who spent her last days there. During the 18th century, Richmond Bridge connected the two banks of the Thames, and many Georgian terraces were built, particularly around Richmond Green and on Richmond Hill. Those that have survived remain well-preserved and many have been designated listed buildings on account of their architectural or historic significance. The opening of Richmond railway station in 1846
3869-564: The park and Grade II listed is Thatched House Lodge , which is still a royal residence. Since 1963 it has been the home of Princess Alexandra, The Honourable Lady Ogilvy , a first cousin of Queen Elizabeth II . General Dwight D Eisenhower , who later became President of the United States , lived there during the Second World War . The Museum of Richmond , in Richmond's Old Town Hall , close to Richmond Bridge, has displays relating to
3942-568: The previous watershed to the Swale. The wapentake meeting place was situated on the Hang Beck in Finghall parish. The third part of the territory, Hallikeld, consisted of the parishes lying between the River Ure and the River Swale until their confluence at Ellenthorpe . The feudal barons of Richmond were usually referred to as Lords of Richmond. The Honour of Richmond was sometimes held separately from
4015-436: The reign of Elizabeth I . As Queen, Elizabeth spent much of her time at Richmond, as she enjoyed hunting stags in the "Newe Parke of Richmonde" (now Old Deer Park). She died at the palace on 24 March 1603. The palace was no longer in residential use after 1649, but in 1688, James II ordered its partial reconstruction, this time as a royal nursery . The bulk of the palace had decayed by 1779, but surviving structures include
4088-537: The river, and they are much used by pedestrians, joggers and cyclists. Westminster Passenger Services Association boats, licensed by London River Services , sail daily between Kew and Hampton Court Palace , calling at Richmond in each direction. Richmond Green has been described as "one of the most beautiful urban greens surviving anywhere in England". It is roughly square in shape, and its open grassland, framed with broadleaf trees , extends to roughly twelve acres (5 hectares). On summer weekends and public holidays
4161-495: The same name, although for some years the two names were often used in conjunction (for example, "Shene otherwise called Richemount"). Henry I lived briefly in the King's house in "Sheanes". In 1299, Edward I , the "Hammer of the Scots", took his whole court to the manor house at Sheen, a little east of the bridge and on the riverside, and it thus became a royal residence; William Wallace
4234-466: The time, including Giuseppe Garibaldi . It was later the childhood home of Lord John Russell's grandson, the philosopher, mathematician and social critic Bertrand Russell . It is now a popular restaurant with views across the Thames Valley. Built as a hunting lodge for George II by the architect Roger Morris , White Lodge was completed in 1730. Its many famous residents have included members of
4307-555: The top westward to Windsor has long been famous, inspiring paintings by masters such as J. M. W. Turner and Sir Joshua Reynolds and also poetry. One particularly grand description of the view can be found in Sir Walter Scott 's novel The Heart of Midlothian (1818). It is a common misconception that the folk song " Lass of Richmond Hill " relates to this hill, but the young woman in the song lived in Hill House at Richmond in
4380-534: The town along the riverside as far as the boundary with the Royal Botanic Gardens at Kew, a UNESCO World Heritage Site . This contains wide green lawns and sports facilities, and the Grade I listed former King's Observatory erected for George III in 1769. The town's main shopping street, George Street , is also named after the king. The town centre lies just below 33 ft (10 m) above sea level. South of
4453-635: The town centre to serve the increasing population. In July 1892, the Corporation formed a joint-stock company , the Richmond (Surrey) Electric Light and Power Company, and this wired the town for electricity by around 1896. Like many other large towns in Britain, Richmond lost many young people in the First and Second World Wars . In the Second World War, 96 people were killed in air raids , which also resulted in
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#17328509829584526-476: The town centre to the hilltop fronted by a cinema, homes, eateries and hotel-restaurants. It is one-way along its bulk. The hill offers the only view in England to be protected by an Act of Parliament —the Richmond, Ham and Petersham Open Spaces Act passed in 1902—to protect the land on and below it and thus preserve the fine views to the west and south. Two years before the wooded isle centrepiece of
4599-409: The town centre, rising from Richmond Bridge to an elevation of 165 ft (50 m), is Richmond Hill. Just beyond the summit of Richmond Hill is Richmond Park , an area of 2,360 acres (9.55 km ; 3.7 sq mi) of wild heath and woodland originally enclosed for hunting, and now forming London's largest royal park . The park is a national nature reserve , a Site of Special Scientific Interest and
4672-538: The town of Richmond developed from its founding in the early 16th century, after Henry VII had established Richmond Palace , the attributes of the hill naturally attracted desirable residential and commercial development – with the result that many large, ornate properties came and went on the hill over the centuries, some of them with famous or notable persons as owners or occupiers. Newer waves and subdivisions of these have continued, subject to external stylistic conformity. This three-times extended conservation area
4745-470: The view, Glover's Island (also known as Clam Island), was bought by a local resident and given to the Richmond Corporation (Borough) in return for the latter noting against its records that it and its successors would not develop the isle. Immortalised in paintings by John Wootton , Sir Joshua Reynolds and J. M. W. Turner , it was described by Sir Walter Scott as "an unrivalled landscape". It
4818-524: The way of leisure activities. Skiffs (fixed seat boats) can be hired by the hour from local boat builders close to the bridge, with opportunities to row upstream towards the historic properties Ham House and Marble Hill House . Richmond Canoe Club, founded in 1944 and now Britain's biggest canoe club, is also on the towpath south of Richmond Bridge. Richmond is part of the London Cycle Network , offering on and off-road cycle paths throughout
4891-518: Was a significant event in the absorption of the town into a rapidly expanding London. In 1890, the town of Richmond, formerly part of the ancient parish of Kingston upon Thames in the county of Surrey , became a municipal borough , which later extended to include Kew , Ham , Petersham and part of Mortlake ( North Sheen ). The municipal borough was abolished in 1965, when local-government reorganisation transferred Richmond from Surrey to Greater London . Since 1965, Richmond has formed part of
4964-577: Was executed in London in 1305, and it was in Sheen that the Commissioners from Scotland went down on their knees before Edward. Edward II , following his defeat by the Scots at the Battle of Bannockburn in 1314, founded a monastery for Carmelites at Sheen. When the boy-king Edward III came to the throne in 1327, he gave the manor to his mother Isabella . Edward later spent over £ 2,000 on improvements, but in
5037-516: Was expanded in 1892 by the addition of Kew , Petersham and the North Sheen part of Mortlake ; in 1933, Ham was added to the borough. In 1965, the parish and municipal borough were abolished by the London Government Act 1963 , which transferred Richmond to Greater London . Together with the former Municipal Borough of Twickenham and the former Municipal Borough of Barnes , it formed
5110-488: Was in ruins by 1540 but was restored centuries later and is now a tourist attraction. The Honour of Richmond, being 60 km (37 mi) from east to west and 45 km (28 mi) from north to south, comprised most of the land between the River Tees and the River Ure and ranged in its landscape from the bleak mountainous areas of the Pennines to the fertile lowlands of the Vale of York . The district, throughout most of its history, consisted of three main land divisions;
5183-420: Was one of the most important fiefdoms in Norman England . According to the 14th-century Genealogia of the lords of Richmond, Alan Rufus built a stronghold in the district. The buildings were later known as Richmond Castle which is alluded to in the Domesday survey as forming a ‘castlery’. The manor of Gilling was the caput of the barony until Count Alan moved it to Richmond Castle . Richmond castle
5256-528: Was sold in 2013 after the charitable trust running the home concluded that the building no longer met modern requirements and could not be easily or economically upgraded. The trust opened an additional home in Solihull , West Midlands, and the remaining residents in Richmond moved in 2013 to a new purpose-built building in Surbiton . At the top of Richmond Hill , opposite the former Royal Star and Garter Home, sits
5329-657: Was this view that inspired the name of Richmond, Virginia , after the colonial founder of the city, William Byrd II , noticed a curve in the James River that remarkably resembled this meander . The scenic panorama may be viewed from Terrace Walk, laid out near the top of the hill in the 18th century. This promenade surmounts the Terrace Gardens and both are Grade II * listed in Historic England 's Register of Parks and Gardens of Special Historic Interest in England . As
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