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96-607: The North Riding of Yorkshire was a subdivision of Yorkshire , England, alongside York , the East Riding and West Riding . The riding's highest point was at Mickle Fell at 2,585 ft (788 m). From the Restoration it was used as a lieutenancy area , having been previously part of the Yorkshire lieutenancy . Each riding was treated as a county for many purposes, such as quarter sessions . An administrative county, based on

192-419: A municipal borough in 1853 and formed a county borough , exempt from county council control, from 1889. Richmond and Scarborough had been incorporated as municipal boroughs in 1835, with Thornaby-on-Tees added in 1892. The urban districts in 1894 were Eston , Guisborough, Hinderwell, Kirkleatham, Kirklington cum Upsland , Loftus, Malton, Masham, Northallerton, Pickering, Redcar, Saltburn and Marske by

288-652: A charity, provides a community transport service for North Holderness, taking people to medical appointments in Hull and to the shops. The Humber Bridge , a road-only bridge, part of the A15 , links Hessle , west of Hull, with Barton-upon-Humber in Lincolnshire. West of this, the next crossing of the river (the Ouse at this point) are three bridges near Goole : a railway bridge, the M62 bridge and

384-541: A city of its size, with the census reporting 97.7% white. Areas of the East Riding show significant signs of affluence, including the Parliamentary constituency of Haltemprice and Howden which consists of middle-class areas such as: the suburb of Willerby , suburb of Kirk Ella , village of North Ferriby , and village of Swanland . Much of the area is affluent and has one of the highest proportions of owner-occupiers in

480-450: A density of 1.4 people per hectare. The most populous parishes in the main 2001 census were Bridlington (34,000), Goole (17,000), Beverley (17,000), Cottingham (17,000, by Hull), Hessle (15,000, by Hull), Driffield (11,000), Anlaby with Anlaby Common (10,000, by Hull), Hornsea (8,000) and Willerby (8,000), Pocklington (8,000) and Elloughton-cum-Brough (7,000). Half the district's population reside in these 11 parishes, with

576-668: A distinctive local tradition known as the Arras Culture , named after a site at Arras, near Market Weighton . There are similarities between the chariot burials of the Arras Culture and groups of La Tène burials in northern Europe, where the burial of carts was also practiced. The area became the kingdom of the tribe known as the Parisi . After invading Britain in AD ;43, the Romans crossed

672-566: A fictional fourth riding. The title of the novel trilogy Red Riding by David Peace , set in Yorkshire, is a play on the word. The Yorkshire Ridings Society calls for wider recognition of the historic borders of Yorkshire. The Parts of Lindsey , one of the Parts of Lincolnshire , also possessed ridings, in this case the North , West , and South ridings. The Grand Jury (Ireland) Act 1836 empowered

768-682: A four-star rating, which places the authority as one of the best in the country. For representation in the Parliament of the United Kingdom the bulk of the East Riding district is divided into three county constituencies : Beverley and Holderness , Bridlington and the Wolds and Goole and Pocklington . The Kingston upon Hull area is divided into three constituencies; Kingston upon Hull North and Cottingham , Kingston upon Hull East , and Kingston upon Hull West and Haltemprice . Until 1 April 2009,

864-404: A greater diversity of animals, the annual range of seasonal movement by Mesolithic communities decreased, and people became more fixed to particular localities. Until about 6000 BC, Mesolithic people appear to have exploited their environment as they found it. As communities came to rely on a smaller territorial range and as population levels increased, they started to try to modify or control

960-399: A lot of water was still locked in the northern ice sheets, sea level was much lower than in the present day and an area of land stretched eastwards to the low countries. The Wolds area takes the form of an elevated, gently rolling plateau , cut by numerous deep, steep-sided, flat-bottomed valleys of glacial origin. The chalk formation of the hills provides exceptionally good drainage, with

1056-403: A person and burglary. Christianity is the religion with the largest following in the area, with 53.3% residents so identifying in the 2021 UK census . These census figures show no other single religion returned affiliation, as a percentage of population, above the national average for England. At the time of the 2021 census the population of the East Riding was 342,215 and its ethnic composition

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1152-400: A set of three, though once the term was adopted elsewhere it was used for other numbers (compare to farthings ). The modern form riding was the result of the initial th being absorbed in the final th or t of the words north , south , east and west , by which it was normally preceded. A common misconception holds that the term arose from some association between the size of

1248-418: A single county council after the 1898 changes. County Galway from 1837 had East and West Ridings for Royal Irish Constabulary and county surveyor purposes. The Cork and Galway ridings became largely obsolete after independence in 1922, although the names "Cork East[/West] Riding" were used for the relevant Garda Síochána (police) divisions into the 1990s. Ridings existed in rural New Zealand in

1344-526: A wet and swampy area which became the plain of Holderness . Another ice sheet in the Vale of York retreated at the same time leaving thick glacial deposits and two prominent moraines to the west of the Wolds. These Vale of York deposits also formed wetlands . The Wolds themselves were largely ice-free, well-drained, chalk uplands. Gradually the tundra conditions that had existed as the ice retreated gave way to vegetation that could support grazing fauna. Because

1440-568: A year. Some of this is transported by longshore drift with about 3% of material being deposited at Spurn Head spit, to the south. The coastline has retreated noticeably in the last 2,000 years, with many former settlements now flooded, particularly Ravenser Odd and Ravenspurn , which was a major port until its destruction in the 14th century. Erosion is an ongoing concern in the area. The East Riding of Yorkshire Council has been carrying out cliff erosion defences between Sewerby and Kilnsea since 1951. The Holderness area drains mostly into

1536-476: Is a colloquial term for a constituency or electoral district . Officially, electoral district is generally used, although government documents sometimes use the colloquial term. In colloquial Canadian French, a riding is known as comté , i.e., 'county', as the electoral districts in Quebec were historically identical to its counties ; the official French term is circonscription . The Canadian use of riding

1632-425: Is a particularly strong deficit in the number of young adults. There is a higher-than-average level of car ownership. 36.4% of all households do not have a car. Less than 5% of the population travel to work by public transport compared with 15% nationally. The district is one of the lowest non-white populations , with the census reporting 98.8% of the inhabitants being white. Hull itself is also quite monoethnic for

1728-546: Is a tour of East Yorkshire churches which were built, rebuilt or restored by the Sykes family of Sledmere House in the 19th century. The East Riding has only a small segment of motorway. Part of the M62 serves to link the Hull area to West Yorkshire and the national motorway network, while the M18 incidentally passes the district border near Goole. Primary roads in the district include

1824-476: Is also the county town . The county is governed by two unitary authorities, East Riding of Yorkshire Council and Hull City Council . It takes its name from the East Riding , a historic subdivision of Yorkshire . In the east of the county the low-lying plain of Holderness is enclosed by a crescent of low chalk hills, the Yorkshire Wolds . The Wolds meet the sea at Flamborough Head, a chalk headland, while

1920-550: Is derived from the English local government term, which was widely used in Canada in the 19th century. Most Canadian counties never had sufficient population to justify administrative subdivisions. Nonetheless, it was common, especially in Ontario , to divide counties with sufficient population into multiple electoral districts, which thus became known as ridings in official documents. The term

2016-609: Is descended from late Old English þriðing or * þriding (recorded only in Latin contexts or forms, e.g., trehing , treding , trithing , with Latin initial t here representing the Old English letter thorn ). It came into Old English as a loanword from Old Norse þriðjungr , meaning a third part (especially of a county) – the original "ridings", in the English counties of Yorkshire and Lincolnshire , were in each case

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2112-597: Is divided into farthings, into the Fourth Age . East Riding of Yorkshire The East Riding of Yorkshire , often abbreviated to the East Riding or East Yorkshire , is a ceremonial county in the Yorkshire and the Humber region of England. It borders North Yorkshire to the north and west, South Yorkshire to the south-west, and Lincolnshire to the south across the Humber Estuary . The city of Kingston upon Hull

2208-475: Is dominated by deposits of till, boulder clays and glacial lake clays . These were deposited during the Devensian glaciation . The glacial deposits form a more or less continuous lowland plain which has some peat filled depressions (known locally as meres) which mark the presence of former lake beds. There are other glacial landscape features such as drumlin mounds, ridges and kettle holes scattered throughout

2304-633: Is known as an electoral district association, is often referred to as a riding association . The ancient county of Yorkshire had three ridings, North , West and East , originally each subdivided into wapentakes which were created by the Vikings. Note that the bounds of the City of York lay outside all the ridings to emphasise its political impartiality. The Yorkshire ridings were in many ways treated as separate administrative counties, having had separate quarter sessions and also separate lieutenancies since

2400-438: Is the largest settlement. The county has an area of 2,479 km (957 sq mi) and a population of 600,259. Kingston upon Hull is by far the largest settlement, with population of 267,014, and is a major port and the county's economic and transport centre. The rest of the county is largely rural, and the next largest towns are the seaside resort of Bridlington (35,369) and the historic town of Beverley (30,351), which

2496-691: Is the most populous of coastal settlements, others include Flamborough , Hornsea, Withernsea and Aldbrough . Settlements on the flat agricultural area of Holderness are Hedon and Roos and in the Great Wold Valley is Rudston . Beverley , Bishop Burton , Driffield, Cottingham and Lockington lie is the Yorkshire Wolds eastern foot. Low-lying lands close to the Humber Estuary are Goole , Brough , North Ferriby , Hessle and Kirk Ella . Stamford Bridge , Pocklington , Market Weighton , Holme-on-Spalding-Moor , Howden and South Cave all lie to

2592-578: Is the site of the famous battle, and the Yorkshire Wolds Way is a long-distance footpath that takes a winding route through the Yorkshire Wolds to Filey . Most of the East Riding is in the East Riding Archdeaconry of the Church of England Diocese of York . The archdeaconry includes the Yorkshire Wolds and the City of Hull, with a coastline extending from Scarborough and Bridlington in

2688-594: The Local Government (Ireland) Act 1898 , and were redenominated as counties "North Tipperary" and "South Tipperary" under the Local Government Act 2001 . They were merged back into a single County Tipperary by the Local Government Reform Act 2014 . County Cork had been divided in 1823 into East and West Ridings for quarter sessions and petty sessions , but not for assizes, and so had

2784-699: The A63 , A164 , A165 , A1034 , A166 , A1033 and the A1079 . Hull Paragon Interchange is a large railway station, served by the Selby Line to the west and the Yorkshire Coast Line to the north. See Railway stations in the East Riding of Yorkshire . Train operators active in the area are Hull Trains , London North Eastern Railway , Northern and TransPennine Express . Bus services are provided by several operators including First York , which provides services from

2880-522: The Conservative Party gained a majority of seats, including those of the Liberal Democrat and Labour Party leaders. The council has a leader-and-executive system , led by Steven Parnaby of the Conservative Party since its creation until his retirement at the 2019 election , when Richard Burton was elected as his replacement. On 13 May 2021, Jonathan Owen was elected as the new leader of

2976-668: The Local Government Act 1888 , administrative counties were formed on the existing historic county boundaries in England, but in Yorkshire, given the vast size of the county area, three administrative county councils were created, based on the historic boundaries of the three Ridings. A county council for the East Riding of Yorkshire (the East Riding County Council ) was set up in 1889, covering an administrative county local government area centred on Beverley and which had

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3072-479: The Local Government Act 1972 , the historic established Lieutenancy and the local government administrative county were disbanded, being replaced by the newly created Humberside County Council which included most of the East Riding and additional parts of the West Riding and parts of Lincolnshire. The creation of this cross-Humber authority was unpopular on both banks of the Humber. Due to this local unpopularity with

3168-574: The Lord Lieutenant of Ireland to divide Irish counties into ridings with separate assizes held in different towns. This was to allow County Tipperary to be divided in 1838 into a North Riding and South Riding , because the county town of Clonmel was inconveniently far south for jurors from the north. Nenagh became the North Riding's assize town. The ridings became separate administrative counties , with minor boundary adjustments, under

3264-641: The North Sea , and to the south drains into the Humber Estuary. South of Flamborough Head is Bridlington, which features several beaches, and at the far south-east of the district is the Spurn peninsula. Before the last ice age the eastern coastline of the area was located along the eastern foot of the Yorkshire Wolds where remnants of beaches have been discovered. The North Sea ice sheet deposited huge amounts of boulder clay as it retreated and this subsequently formed

3360-405: The Restoration . This practice was followed by the Local Government Act 1888 , which made each of the three ridings an administrative county with an elected county council. These county councils, along with the ancient lieutenancies, were abolished in 1974 under the Local Government Act 1972 . A local government area, East Riding of Yorkshire , was created in 1996, but this does not cover

3456-516: The River Hull , which was also improved to aid navigation. The Market Weighton Canal connected the town directly to the Humber Estuary . The canals and canalisation of the county's rivers helped aid drainage to low-lying and ill-drained areas. The 19th century saw a rail network created. An early rail link was constructed between Filey and Bridlington in 1847 and the Malton to Driffield railway

3552-662: The River Tees historically in Durham. The area was associated with the North Riding for lieutenancy and other purposes. The main towns of the riding (before its authority was abolished) were Middlesbrough , Redcar , Whitby , Scarborough and Northallerton . In 1974 the North Riding authorities were abolished. The majority of its former area became North Yorkshire , with the addition of northern West Riding and north-western pre-1974 East Riding . The former Teesside county borough and areas around it became part of Cleveland county while

3648-519: The enclosure of the open fields in the 18th and 19th centuries, except for some hedgerows removed to allow for the use of large agricultural machinery in the 20th century. The traditional cultural and historic geographic county, the East Riding of Yorkshire borders the North Sea to the east of the county. To the north across the River Derwent is the North Riding of Yorkshire , and to

3744-537: The Bruce . During the English Civil War , the North Riding predominantly supported the royalist cause, while other areas of Yorkshire tended to support the parliamentarians . The County of York, North Riding administrative county was formed in 1889. In 1894 it was divided into municipal boroughs, urban districts and rural districts under the Local Government Act 1894 . Middlesbrough had already been incorporated as

3840-491: The East Riding into York, Goole Town Service and also services from Goole to Doncaster. Stagecoach in Hull provides services from the East Riding to Hull and into Lincolnshire, and East Yorkshire Motor Services , historically the dominant area operator, provides a wide variety of bus services throughout the East Riding. Yorkshire Coastliner provides services from Bridlington to Malton, York and Leeds. Holderness Area Rural Transport,

3936-473: The East Riding was the largest district and the largest unitary authority in England by area and the second-largest non-metropolitan district in England by population. Following the 2009 structural changes to local government in England it fell to fifth place by area and sixth place by population. The East Riding of Yorkshire covers 240,768 hectares (930 sq mi) and has a population of 335,049 (2008 Office for National Statistics mid-year estimates),

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4032-674: The Holderness coast to the south is characterised by clay cliffs. The west of the county is part of the Vale of York , the wide plain of the River Ure / Ouse ; the south-west is part of the Humberhead Levels . When the last glacial period ended, the hunter gatherers of the Palaeolithic period followed the animal herds across the land between continental Europe and Britain. Then, as conditions continued to improve and vegetation could support

4128-571: The Humber Estuary in AD 71 to invade the Parisi tribe's territory. From their bridgehead at Petuaria they travelled northwards and built roads along the Wolds to Derventio, present-day Malton , and then westwards to the River Ouse where they built the fort of Eboracum . There is evidence of extensive use of the light soils of the Wolds for grain farming in the Roman era. Several Roman villas which were

4224-496: The Humber and the eponymous River Hull drains the area north of Hull. The western part of the district in the Vale of York borders on and is drained by the River Derwent . The landscape is generally low-lying and flat although minor ridges and glacial moraines provide some variations in topography. Where there are dry sandy soils there are remnants of historic heathlands and ancient semi-natural woodlands. Arable fields dominate

4320-994: The Omata Riding remaining part of the Taranaki County Council, the Moa riding merging with the Inglewood Borough Council and the Waitara Riding becoming part of the Clifton County Council. In 1989 these were again merged, reorganised into district and/or city councils. For example, the above three all merged with the New Plymouth Council and Waitara Borough Councils to form the New Plymouth District Council. Examples: Ridings are originally Scandinavian institutions. In Iceland

4416-459: The Sea , Scalby, Skelton and Brotton and Whitby . In 1922 Redcar was incorporated as a borough. The rural districts in 1894 were Aysgarth, Bedale , Croft , Easingwold, Flaxton , Guisborough, Helmsley, Kirkby Moorside, Leyburn, Malton, Masham, Middlesbrough , Northallerton, Pickering, Reeth, Richmond, Scarborough, Startforth , Stokesley , Thirsk, Wath and Whitby . County Review Orders reduced

4512-470: The Startforth Rural District came under County Durham. Most of the former riding is now represented by the larger North Yorkshire District . The boroughs of Middlesbrough and Redcar and Cleveland are wholly inside the former North Riding's area. They are also some parts of the former area in the council areas of Stockton-on-Tees , York and County Durham . On three occasions a re-use of

4608-473: The anticyclones tend to bring dry settled conditions which can lead to drought, particularly on the Wolds. For its latitude this area is mild in winter and cooler in summer due to the influence of the Gulf Stream in the northern Atlantic Ocean. Air temperature varies on a daily and seasonal basis. The temperature is usually lower at night, and January is the coldest time of the year. The two dominant influences on

4704-614: The area came to an end in AD 954 with the death of Eric Bloodaxe . After the Norman Conquest of England by William the Conqueror in AD 1066, land across England was granted to followers of the new Norman king and ecclesiastical institutions. When some of the northern earls rebelled, William retaliated with the Harrying of the North which laid waste to many northern villages. The land

4800-447: The area in which the Lord Lieutenant of the East Riding of Yorkshire represents the Crown , was re-established the same day, covering the City of Kingston upon Hull as well as the East Riding of Yorkshire Council area as did predecessor authorities. The East Riding of Yorkshire is entirely parished ; the City of Hull has no parishes. From 1996 Beverley had Charter Trustees to maintain

4896-650: The area. After the Romans, the Brythonic -speaking area became known as Deira . By the second half of the 5th century, the continued settlement by the Angles caused a shift to Old English . Deira merged into Northumbria and village names containing the Anglian elements -ing, -ingham or -ham started to be found in settlement names. As Christianity was established in the area from the 7th century onwards, several cemeteries like

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4992-498: The area. The well-drained glacial deposits provide fertile soils that can support intensive arable cultivation. Fields are generally large and bounded by drainage ditches . There is very little woodland in the area, and this leads to a landscape that is essentially rural but very flat and exposed. The Holderness coastline suffers the highest rate of coastal erosion in Europe: 2 metres a year on average or 2 million tonnes of material

5088-436: The centres of large agricultural estates have been identified around Langton and Rudston . In the low-lying lands on either side of the Wolds there was an increase in the number of settlements between 500 BC and AD 500, as the land became drier and more accessible due to a fall in sea level. The lower-lying land was used for stock breeding . During the last years of Roman Britain, Anglo-Saxon raiders were troubling

5184-403: The charter of the borough of Beverley : these were replaced by a Beverley Town Council in 1999, and Bridlington was parished in 1999. The unparished area consisting of the urban district of Haltemprice was divided into various parishes in 1999 and 2000. The East Riding of Yorkshire Council is based at County Hall in Beverley , in the former headquarters of Humberside County Council , and

5280-534: The city of Hull . Beverley , a market town, is generally associated with affluence but, like any other town of its size, it also has areas that face disadvantage. Other areas of the East Riding of Yorkshire face significant deprivation. The seaside towns of Withernsea and Bridlington face similar challenges with unemployment, low educational attainment, and socioeconomic inequality. South East Holderness, consisting of small rural communities, deals with limited access to services, inadequate public transportation, and

5376-399: The climate of the area are the shelter against the worst of the moist westerly winds provided by the Pennines and the proximity of the North Sea. The East Riding of Yorkshire is divided into two council areas: Kingston upon Hull is managed by Hull City Council , and the rest of the county is managed by the East Riding of Yorkshire Council . A non-mayoral devolution deal was proposed for

5472-403: The council. Following the 2023 election the Conservative Party elected former deputy, Anne Handley, to be leader of the group. At the annual general meeting of the council on 18 May 2023 Handley was elected as leader of the council, with the Conservative Party running a minority administration with support of the independents. In the Audit Commission report covering 2007 the council was given

5568-410: The country. Other parts of the county are more diverse, including the suburbs of Hessle , Cottingham and Anlaby with Anlaby Common . These areas consist of a mix of housing tenures in a real range of properties, from small ex-authority estates, to grand period homes. Hessle and Cottingham in particular have seen a considerable amount of home building, supporting the regeneration and development of

5664-442: The county, a mayoral deal received approval from the Secretary of State as of September 2024. This would lead to the establishment of an East Yorkshire combined authority with powers over housing, job creation and public transport, including bus franchising. The administrative division of the East Riding of Yorkshire originated in antiquity. Unlike most counties in Great Britain, which were divided anciently into hundreds , Yorkshire

5760-413: The decline of traditional industries. Goole , an inland port town, has experienced a decline in its socioeconomic characteristic. Akin to much of the West Riding, this has coincided with the decline of industry over the latter half of the 20th century. The crime rate in the East Riding is lower than the national average in robbery, sexual offences, theft of a vehicle, theft from a vehicle, violence against

5856-404: The district and the distance that can be covered or encircled on horseback in a certain amount of time (compare the Walking Purchase ). The term was used in Australia as a division of some shire councils, similar to a ward in city , borough , town and many shire councils. The term was used in 19th-century Canada to refer to subdivisions of counties. In Canadian politics , riding

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5952-402: The entire area of the former East Riding and includes areas from the historical West Riding. According to the 12th century compilation known as the Leges Edwardi Confessoris , the riding was the third part of a county ( provincia ); to it causes were brought which could not be determined in the wapentake, and a matter which could not be determined in the riding was brought into the court of

6048-412: The former headquarters of East Riding County Council before that. There are 26 wards electing a total of 67 councillors in the district. The council elects on a four-yearly cycle with all seats up for election at the same time. It first had elections in 1995—a year before it came into its powers—as a shadow authority. Between 1995 and 2007 the council had No overall control . In the 2007 local elections

6144-411: The land already belonging to lay owners, they formed some of the vast estate holdings which continued to exist in the Riding until the 20th century. The 18th century saw a canal network form, the River Derwent was canalised as far upstream as Malton and was linked to Pocklington by the cutting of the Pocklington Canal . Other canals were cut to join the towns of Beverley and Driffield to

6240-690: The land cover of the area and grasslands are infrequent. There are very few flood meadows left, although some significant areas remain on the lower reaches of the River Derwent. The East Riding generally has cool summers and relatively mild winters. Weather conditions vary from day to day as well as from season to season. The latitude of the area means that it is influenced by predominantly westerly winds with depressions and their associated fronts, bringing with them unsettled and windy weather, particularly in winter. Between depressions there are often small mobile anticyclones that bring periods of fair weather. In winter, anticyclones bring cold dry weather. In summer

6336-567: The late 19th and early to mid 20th century as part of larger county councils in the area. For example, The Taranaki County Council was divided into three separate ridings: Moa (south), Omata (west) and Waitara (east). As use of the automobile became more popular with the improvement of roads, combined with the concurrent trend of urban drift ( c.  1950s ), the ridings were either merged back into their parent councils or separated off into county councils in their own right. The Taranaki County Council's three ridings eventually split, with

6432-416: The name of the North Riding for local government purposes has been considered. During the 1990s UK local government reform , the Banham Commission suggested uniting Richmondshire , Hambleton , Ryedale and Scarborough districts in a new unitary authority called North Riding of Yorkshire. Later, the government proposed renaming the ceremonial county of North Yorkshire the North Riding of Yorkshire. This

6528-476: The natural world. In the Great Wold Valley , pollen samples of Mesolithic date indicate that the forest cover in the area was being disturbed and altered by man, and that open grasslands were being created. The Yorkshire Wolds became a major focus for human settlement during the Neolithic period as they had a wide range of natural resources. The oldest monuments found on the Wolds are the Neolithic long barrows and round barrows . Two earthen long barrows in

6624-422: The new county council name, two of the nine districts formed in the 1972 Act included East Yorkshire in their titles, though they only covered a fraction of the geographical East Yorkshire area ( East Yorkshire district , East Yorkshire Borough of Beverley ). Continued disquiet culminated in a number of local government reviews in the 1980s and 1990s. Twenty-two years after being set up, Humberside County Council

6720-541: The north and west of the area, between the River Derwent and the scarp slope of the Wolds. There are a wide range of interesting places to visit in the East Riding. These include historic buildings such as Burnby Hall , Burton Agnes Manor House , Burton Agnes Hall , Sewerby Hall , Skipsea Castle and the gun battery of Fort Paull . The religious edifices of the Rudston Monolith , Beverley Minster , Beverley Friary and Howden Minster can be visited at all seasons. The sails of Skidby Windmill can be seen providing

6816-435: The north to Spurn Point. The Middlesbrough Roman Catholic diocese covers Yorkshire's historic east and north ridings as well as the historic City of York. Notable religious sites include Beverley Minster , Howden Minster , Hull Minster and Bridlington Priory along with the historic parish church of St Augustine, Hedon , known as the 'King of Holderness', which is a Grade I listed building . The Sykes Churches Trail

6912-600: The number of urban and rural districts in the county: In 1968 a new Teesside county borough was created, taking in Middlesbrough and parts of the administrative areas of Durham and North Riding councils. From the North Riding came the Redcar Borough and Saltburn-Marske Urban District, Thornaby-on-Tees Borough (formerly part of the Stokesley's rural district) and Eston's urban district. Tees-Side also included parts north of

7008-646: The one at Garton on the Wolds show evidence of the abandonment of pagan burial practices. In AD 867, the Great Danish Army captured the Anglian town of York. The remnants of the army settled from AD 876 as their leader Halfdan shared out the land. The Danish consolidated the area into the Kingdom of Jorvik , Danelaw then the Norse North Sea Empire . Scandinavian settlement names started to be found, such as -by and -thorpe. Scandinavian rule in

7104-483: The other for Ryedale and Scarborough. Yorkshire was divided into wapentakes within each riding. There were 13 wapentakes when the system became disused after the 19th century: In the Domesday Book of 1086 they were eight wapentakes, these were as follows: 54°20′16″N 1°25′43″W  /  54.33778°N 1.42861°W  / 54.33778; -1.42861 Ridings of Yorkshire The word riding

7200-456: The other half living in the other 160 parishes. In comparison, Hull's population according to the same census was 243,589. The population density of the district was around 135 people per square km, which made it the least densely populated unitary authority after the Isles of Scilly , Rutland and Herefordshire . The East Riding has a larger than average number of residents aged 40 and above. There

7296-520: The power to grind flour on certain days, and natural sites provide interest at Spurn , Bempton Cliffs , Hornsea Mere , Humber Estuary , River Hull , Watton Beck , River Derwent , River Ouse , River Aire , River Trent and River Don , some of which are owned or run by the Yorkshire Wildlife Trust . The Driffield Navigation , Leven Canal , Market Weighton Canal and Pocklington Canal offer glimpses of tranquillity. Stamford Bridge

7392-497: The present-day landscape. By the later Bronze Age, an open, cleared, landscape predominated on the Wolds. It was used for grazing and also for arable cultivation. The wetlands on either side of the Wolds in the River Hull valley, Holderness and the Vale of York were also being used for animal rearing at this time. In the Iron Age there were further cultural changes in the area. There emerged

7488-495: The region are found at Fordon , on Willerby Wold, and at Kilham , near Driffield , both of which have radiocarbon dates of around 3700 BC. From around 2000 to 800 BC, the people of the Bronze Age built the 1,400 Bronze Age round barrows that are known to exist on the Yorkshire Wolds. These are found both in isolation and grouped together to form cemeteries. Many of these sites can still be seen as prominent features in

7584-510: The result that most of these valleys are dry. Surface water is quite scarce throughout the Wolds. At Flamborough Head the Wolds rise up to form high chalk cliffs, where there are water-worn caves and stacks along the shore. Flamborough Headland is designated a Heritage Coast . Coastal erosion around Flamborough Head has led to visitors being warned by the Humber Coastguard to be very careful on coastal paths. The Holderness landscape

7680-468: The riding, was created with a county council in 1889 under the Local Government Act 1888 . In 1974 both the administrative county and the North Riding of Yorkshire lieutenancy were abolished, replaced in most of the riding by the non-metropolitan county and lieutenancy of North Yorkshire , and in the north-west by County Durham . Archives from 1808 record that the " north-riding of York-shire " had once consisted of "fifty-one lordships" owned by Robert

7776-418: The same boundaries as the historic riding. It also acted as the ceremonial county (Lieutenancy) area established for the area. At the same date a separate county borough of Kingston upon Hull , was created. The East Riding County Council and the county borough of Kingston upon Hull remained in place for eighty-six years until being removed for new administrative tiers of local government. In 1974 under

7872-558: The shire. Riding courts were held after the Norman Conquest . A charter which Henry I granted to the Church of St Peters at York mentions wapentacmot , triding mot and shiresmot (-mot designates popular assemblies), and exemptions from suit to the thriding or riding are described in the charters of the Norman kings. As yet, however, the jurisdiction and functions of these courts have not been ascertained. It seems probable from

7968-490: The silence of the records that they had already fallen into disuse early in the 13th century. Although no longer having any administrative role, the ridings of Yorkshire still play a part as cultural entities – they are used for the names of a number of groups and organisations and some people in Yorkshire associate themselves with one riding or another (see current usage of West Riding of Yorkshire ). Winifred Holtby 's 1936 novel South Riding and its adaptations were set in

8064-409: The south and forms part of the ceremonial county area. Other councils areas adjacent to the unitary authority include North East Lincolnshire , beyond the Humber Estuary; North Lincolnshire , beyond the Humber and on land; Hull, Doncaster , North Yorkshire and York . Geologically the East Riding district is split into three parts. The western part is the eastern section of the Vale of York with

8160-490: The southern extension into the Humberhead Levels . In this area there is a belt of sandstones overlain by glacial and lake deposits formed at the close of the last ice age. The middle part is the Yorkshire Wolds , a chalk formation which extends from the Humber at North Ferriby to the coast at Flamborough Head , a chalk headland . The south-east of the district is the low-lying coastal plain of Holderness , which faces east to

8256-657: The third part of a thing which corresponded roughly to an English county was called þrithjungr . The island of Gotland and the Swedish provinces Närke and Hälsingland were also divided into þrithjungar instead of hundreds . In Norway , the þrithjungr seems to have been an ecclesiastical division. The term is analogous to fourths of a county, in a fashion similar to the old British farthing . They have also been found in Iceland and Gloucestershire . J. R. R. Tolkien 's fictional world of Middle-earth , The Shire ,

8352-427: The urban population grew (and more importantly, most city dwellers gained the franchise after property ownership was no longer required to gain the vote). Rural constituencies therefore became geographically larger through the 20th century and generally encompassed one or more counties each, and the word riding was then used to refer to any electoral division. The local association for a political party, which legally

8448-598: The west across the River Ouse is the West Riding of Yorkshire . In terms of neighbouring local government administration, the East Riding of Yorkshire unitary authority adjoins North Yorkshire to the north, north-west and to the west, South Yorkshire metropolitan area to the south-west and Lincolnshire across the Humber Estuary to the south. The City of Kingston upon Hull is a separate unitary authority immediately to

8544-449: Was Yorkshire , its ridings and Wapentakes —the latter two remnants of the Norse structure. In the mid-16th century Henry VIII of England dissolved the monasteries , resulting in the large areas of land owned by Meaux Abbey , Bridlington Priory and other monastic holdings being confiscated. The Crown subsequently sold these large tracts of land into private ownership. Along with

8640-417: Was 97.4% white, compared with the English average of 81.0%. The area has a slightly higher elderly population, of 26.4% in 2021, than the national average. By population, the largest settlements in the ceremonial county are: Kingston upon Hull is administered separately from the East Riding of Yorkshire. Anlaby and Willerby are suburban villages, almost contiguous with the Hull urban area. Bridlington

8736-593: Was abolished on 1 April 1996. The area north of the Humber Estuary (i.e. the city of Hull, whose boundaries would remain unchanged, the former districts of East Yorkshire , Beverley , and Holderness , and the northern part of the former Boothferry district, including the Goole area) formed two unitary authorities . The East Riding of Yorkshire Council unitary authority and the Kingston upon Hull City Council unitary authority were formed on 1 April 1996. The ceremonial county,

8832-511: Was deemed inappropriate and rejected, after a "chorus of disapprobation". During a further local government review in the 2000s as part of the preparations for the regional assembly referendums , a unitary authority with the name North Riding of Yorkshire, consisting of Richmondshire, Hambleton, Ryedale and Scarborough was again suggested. However, the Commission withdrew this in favour or two unitary authorities, one for Hambleton and Richmondshire,

8928-578: Was divided first into three ridings and then into numerous wapentakes within each riding. The separate Lieutenancy for the riding was established after the Restoration , and the ridings each had separate Quarter Sessions . For statistical purposes in the 19th century an East Riding of Yorkshire registration county was designated, consisting of the entirety of the Poor Law Unions of Beverley, Bridlington, Driffield, Howden, Hull , Patrington, Pocklington, Sculcoates, Skirlaugh and York. In 1889 under

9024-414: Was the first to cross the Wolds in 1853. Holidaymakers on the rail network expanded the coastal resorts of Bridlington, Hornsea and Withernsea . These routes also served the agricultural community in helping to get products to the expanding industrial markets to the port of Hull for export and the West Riding of Yorkshire for further production. The landscape in the East Riding has changed little since

9120-601: Was then distributed among powerful barons, such as the Count of Aumale in Holderness and the Percy family in the Wolds and the Vale of York. These lay lords and ecclesiastical institutions, including the monasteries, continued to improve and drain their holdings throughout the Middle Ages to maximise the rents they could charge for them. The governance structure in the Domesday survey of 1086

9216-520: Was used in the legal descriptions of the electoral districts of Canada West in the Province of Canada . It was later used in the description of the new electoral districts which were created by the Constitution Act, 1867 , for the first elections to the new federal House of Commons and the new provincial Legislative Assembly of Ontario , immediately following Confederation . Soon after Confederation,

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