ISO 15919 (Transliteration of Devanagari and related Indic scripts into Latin characters ) is an international standard for the romanization of Brahmic and Nastaliq scripts. Published in 2001, it is part of a series of international standards by the International Organization for Standardization .
17-528: The Government of Tamil Nadu ( Tamil : Tamiḻnāṭu aracu ; IPA: [t̪əmɪɻnɑːɖʉ əɾəsʉ] ) is the administrative body responsible for the governance of the Indian state of Tamil Nadu . Chennai is the capital of the state and houses the state executive, legislature and head of judiciary. Under the Constitution of India , de jure executive authority lies with the governor , although this authority
34-457: A Gopuram or Hindu temple tower on the background. There are two inscriptions in Tamil language displayed around the rim of the seal runs. தமிழ் நாடு அரசு ( Tamil Nadu arasu ) translating to "Government of Tamil Nadu" is inscribed on the top. Inscribed at the bottom is வாய்மையே வெல்லும் ( Vaymaiye Vellum ) which translates to "Truth Alone Triumphs" and derived from the words " Satyameva Jayate " in
51-416: A new assembly, unless there is a successful vote of no confidence in the government or a two-thirds vote for a snap election in the assembly, in which case an election may be held sooner. The legislature of Tamil Nadu was bicameral until 1986, when it was replaced by a unicameral legislature . The judiciary branch is led by a High Court ( Madras High Court ) led by a Chief Justice . The Governor
68-571: A secretary to the government, who is the official head of the department with the Chief secretary superintending control over the secretariat and staff. The departments have further sub-divisions which may govern various undertakings and boards. There are 43 departments of the state. The state emblem was designed in 1949 and consists of the Lion Capital of Ashoka without the bell lotus foundation and flanked on either side by an Indian flag with an image of
85-611: Is a US standard. The International Alphabet of Sanskrit Transliteration (IAST) is not a standard (as no specification exists for it) but a convention developed in Europe for the transliteration of Sanskrit rather than the transcription of Brahmic scripts. As a notable difference, both international standards, ISO 15919 and UNRSGN transliterate anusvara as ṁ , while ALA-LC and IAST use ṃ for it. However, ISO 15919 provides guidance towards disambiguating between various anusvara situations (such as labial versus dental nasalizations), which
102-531: Is at Fort St. George in Chennai . The first election to the assembly on the basis of universal adult suffrage was held in January 1952. The legislature of Tamil Nadu was bicameral until 1986, when it was replaced by a unicameral legislature after the abolishment of Tamil Nadu Legislative Council . Any bill passed by the legislature needs the assent of the governor before becoming an act. The Madras High Court
119-645: Is described in the table below. The table below shows the differences between ISO 15919, UNRSGN and IAST for Devanagari transliteration. Only certain fonts support all Latin Unicode characters for the transliteration of Indic scripts according to this standard. For example, Tahoma supports almost all the characters needed. Arial and Times New Roman font packages that come with Microsoft Office 2007 and later also support most Latin Extended Additional characters like ḍ, ḥ, ḷ, ḻ, ṁ, ṅ, ṇ, ṛ, ṣ and ṭ. There
136-546: Is exercised only by, or on the advice of, the chief minister , the de facto authority and the cabinet . Following elections to the Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly , the state's governor usually invites the party (or coalition) with a majority of seats to form the government. The governor appoints the chief minister, whose council of ministers are collectively responsible to the assembly. Legislative assembly elections are held every five years to elect
153-463: Is no standard keyboard layout for ISO 15919 input but many systems provide a way to select Unicode characters visually. ISO/IEC 14755 refers to this as a screen-selection entry method . List of current Indian chief justices The Indian judiciary consists of the Supreme Court of India , which is the highest court in the country and the constituent courts. The Supreme Court serves as
170-559: Is the de jure constitutional head of state while the Chief Minister is the de facto chief executive . The governor is appointed by the President of India . Following elections to the Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly , the state's governor usually invites the party (or coalition) with a majority of seats to form the government. The governor appoints the chief minister , whose council of ministers are collectively responsible to
187-817: Is the tenth largest Indian state by area . Tamil Nadu is divided into 38 districts , each of which is administered by a District Collector , who is an officer of the Indian Administrative Service (IAS) appointed to the district by the Government of Tamil Nadu. For revenue administration, the districts are further subdivided into 87 revenue divisions administered by Revenue Divisional Officers (RDO) which comprise 310 taluks administered by Tahsildars . The taluks are divided into 1349 revenue blocks called Firkas which consist of 17,680 revenue villages. The local administration consists of 15 municipal corporations , 121 municipalities and 528 town panchayats in
SECTION 10
#1732849089198204-513: The Indian emblem . ISO 15919 ISO 15919 is an international standard on the romanization of many Brahmic scripts , which was agreed upon in 2001 by a network of the national standards institutes of 157 countries. However, the Hunterian transliteration system is the "national system of romanization in India " and a United Nations expert group noted about ISO 15919 that "there is no evidence of
221-403: The assembly. Given that he has the confidence of the assembly, the chief minister's term is for five years and is subject to no term limits . Chennai is the capital of the state and houses the state executive, legislative and head of judiciary. Source: The Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly consists of 234 members elected through democratic elections . The current seat of the assembly
238-529: The final court of appeal for all civil and criminal cases in India and consists of 33 judges headed by the Chief Justice of India . The High Courts are the top judicial bodies in individual states, controlled and managed by Chief Justices of the respective courts. There are 25 High Courts in the country with seven of them having multiple jurisdictions. The High Courts manage a system of sub-ordinate courts headed by
255-428: The urban and 385 panchayat unions and 12,618 village panchayats , administered by Village Administrative Officers (VAO). Greater Chennai Corporation , established in 1688, is the second oldest in the world and Tamil Nadu was the first state to establish town panchayats as a new administrative unit. The administration of the state government functions through various secretariat departments. Each department consists of
272-586: The use of the system either in India or in international cartographic products." Another standard, United Nations Romanization Systems for Geographical Names (UNRSGN), was developed by the United Nations Group of Experts on Geographical Names (UNGEGN) and covers many Brahmic scripts. The ALA-LC romanization was approved by the Library of Congress and the American Library Association and
289-492: Was established on 26 June 1862 and is the highest judicial authority of the state with control over all the civil and criminal courts in the state. It is headed by a Chief Justice , a position currently held by K. R. Shriram . The court is based out of Chennai and has a bench at Madurai since 2004. As per the 2011 census , Tamil Nadu had a population of 7.21 crores and is the seventh most populous state in India. It covers an area of 130,058 km (50,216 sq mi) and
#197802