85-542: The Stedelijk Museum Amsterdam ( Dutch pronunciation: [ˈsteːdələk myˈzeːjʏm ˌɑmstərˈdɑm] ; Municipal Museum Amsterdam), colloquially known as the Stedelijk , is a museum for modern art , contemporary art , and design located in Amsterdam , Netherlands. The 19th-century building was designed by Adriaan Willem Weissman and the 21st century wing with the current entrance was designed by Benthem Crouwel Architects . It
170-567: A social realism to the Netherlands that created shock waves similar to that of Courbet and Manet 's in France. In his early years, the corn merchant A.P. van Stolk, who was interested in art, played an influential role. He financially supported the young painter from 1877 to 1883, but his conservative taste clashed with Breitner's particular style. The discovery in 1996 of a large collection of photographic prints and negatives made clear that Breitner
255-463: A Red Kimono realized €582,450 at a Christie's Amsterdam sale in October 2003. The purchaser was Robert Noortman . The model for the painting was Geesje Kwak , the subject of a series of seven paintings and studies by Breitner of a girl dressed in a red or white kimono lying on a bed or standing before a mirror. The painting is considered a high point of Dutch Japonisme . In April 2005, Rokin with
340-532: A break-in. On 31 May 1988, all three paintings were recovered undamaged by police pretending to be buyers. The thief was arrested and convicted. On 15 May 2011, AFC Ajax 's victory in the national competition was celebrated at the Museum Square . During the celebration, supporters damaged the Benthem Crouwel Wing's rooftop and glass panels, resulting in €400,000 of damage and prompting a change in venue to
425-578: A department of prints and drawings in 1954. At the start of 1950, the Stedelijk also began to present modern music. In 1952, it became host to the newly established Nederlands Filmmuseum , and started showing films. The annex known as the Sandberg Wing was built in 1954 to accommodate experimental art. By 1956, a reading room, print room, a museum restaurant and garden, and a new auditorium for film screenings and musical performances were added. Sandberg acquired
510-407: A glass entrance. In 1934, Baard turned the loggia above the museum's main entrance into an exhibition space and had several galleries repainted in light colors. When Röell took over in 1936, he installed light wall coverings inside some of the galleries and had new doorways put in on the upper-floor galleries. Then, in 1938, Röell had the polychrome staircase whitewashed and replaced the yellow glass in
595-725: A group of works by Russian artist Kazimir Malevich in 1958. In the same year, Sandberg began acquiring photography for the museum's collection; the Stedelijk was the first western European museum for modern art to collect photography. The collection includes seminal photographers of both the Dutch and international avant-garde in the interbellum period (such as Erwin Blumenfeld , László Moholy-Nagy and Man Ray ), an extensive selection of post-war Dutch photographers (including Eva Besnyö , Ed van der Elsken and Cas Oorthuys), artist portraits, photojournalism , and autonomous fine art photography from
680-639: A key point in his career and the development of modern painting. It reflected Matisse's incipient fascination with primitive art : the intense warm color of the figures against the cool blue-green background and the rhythmical succession of the dancing nudes convey the feelings of emotional liberation and hedonism . At the start of 20th-century Western painting , and initially influenced by Toulouse-Lautrec , Gauguin and other late-19th-century innovators, Pablo Picasso made his first Cubist paintings based on Cézanne's idea that all depiction of nature can be reduced to three solids: cube , sphere and cone . With
765-508: A leak in the roof of the museum damaged several large paintings, among them pieces by Ellsworth Kelly and Julian Schnabel . A competition to renovate the museum was first held in the early 1990s, with Robert Venturi beating Rem Koolhaas , Wim Quist, and Carel Weeber to the job. Venturi was replaced by Álvaro Siza Vieira in 1996. The old building was forced to close in January 2004 when it no longer complied with fire regulations. The Stedelijk
850-504: A member of the jury at the Salon d'Automne where he exhibited three of his dreamlike works: Enigma of the Oracle , Enigma of an Afternoon and Self-Portrait . In 1913 he exhibited his work at the Salon des Indépendants and Salon d'Automne, and his work was noticed by Pablo Picasso , Guillaume Apollinaire , and several others. His compelling and mysterious paintings are considered instrumental to
935-436: A more elevated and spiritual form of art, but Breitner did not allow himself to be influenced by these new artistic trends. Around 1905–1910 pointillism as practised by Jan Sluyters , Piet Mondrian and Leo Gestel was flourishing. Between 1911 and 1914 all the latest art movements arrived in the Netherlands one after another including cubism , futurism and expressionism . Breitner's role as contemporary historical painter
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#17328558017561020-596: A search for more realism in the depiction of common life, as found in the work of painters such as Jean-François Millet . The advocates of realism stood against the idealism of the tradition-bound academic art that enjoyed public and official favor. The most successful painters of the day worked either through commissions or through large public exhibitions of their work. There were official, government-sponsored painters' unions, while governments regularly held public exhibitions of new fine and decorative arts. The Impressionists argued that people do not see objects but only
1105-572: A series of workshops, lectures, and presentations in various locations throughout Amsterdam. From August 2010 until January 2011, the Stedelijk Museum opened its doors with a unique program called "The Temporary Stedelijk" in the restored, yet unfinished historical building. After welcoming 'art, artists and the public' back through its doors, the Stedelijk continued with this temporary program. "The Temporary Stedelijk 2" opened in March 2011 and focused on
1190-532: Is closely related to Modernism . Although modern sculpture and architecture are reckoned to have emerged at the end of the 19th century, the beginnings of modern painting can be located earlier. Francisco Goya is considered by many as the Father of Modern Painting without being a Modernist himself, a fact of art history that later painters associated with Modernism as a style, acknowledge him as an influence. The date perhaps most commonly identified as marking
1275-710: Is located at the Museum Square in the borough Amsterdam South , where it is close to the Van Gogh Museum , the Rijksmuseum , and the Concertgebouw . The collection comprises modern and contemporary art and design from the early 20th century up to the 21st century. It features artists such as Vincent van Gogh , Wassily Kandinsky , Ernst Ludwig Kirchner , Marc Chagall , Henri Matisse , Jackson Pollock , Karel Appel , Andy Warhol , Willem de Kooning , Marlene Dumas , Lucio Fontana , and Gilbert & George . In 2015,
1360-532: Is used for all of the museum's interior and exterior signage and additional materials and resources. The new logo visual identity was controversial at first, especially since Wim Crouwel's original logo was extremely admired and influential. Originally a municipal body, the Stedelijk Museum Amsterdam became a foundation on 1 January 2006, and is accountable to a supervisory board. The museum had 138,720 visitors in 2011 and 300,000 visitors in 2012. In
1445-560: The Amsterdam Arena for the celebration of AFC Ajax's subsequent 2012 victory. Despite these issues, the city government of Amsterdam has stated that it will still consider using the Museum Square as a potential location for large events. The museum collection holds almost 90,000 objects, collected since 1874. With important clusters and cores focusing on De Stijl , Bauhaus , Pop Art and CoBrA and, more recently, Neo-Impressionism ,
1530-569: The 1970s onward. During World War II, the Stedelijk collection and that of the Amsterdam Museum were transferred for safekeeping to a bunker in the sand-hills near Santpoort . Museum staff took turns keeping watch. Sandberg narrowly managed to evade arrest: in 1943, when a German search party was sent to apprehend him, Sandberg fled by bicycle into the dunes. Despite the upheavals of war, the Stedelijk continued to hold exhibitions. Works by Ernst Ludwig Kirchner and Henri Matisse were added to
1615-425: The 1980s and 1990s, as evidenced by the rise of neo-expressionism and the revival of figurative painting . Towards the end of the 20th century, many artists and architects started questioning the idea of "the modern" and created typically Postmodern works . (Roughly chronological with representative artists listed.) George Hendrik Breitner George Hendrik Breitner (12 September 1857 – 5 June 1923)
1700-495: The Americas Art of Oceania Modern art includes artistic work produced during the period extending roughly from the 1860s to the 1970s, and denotes the styles and philosophies of the art produced during that era. The term is usually associated with art in which the traditions of the past have been thrown aside in a spirit of experimentation. Modern artists experimented with new ways of seeing and with fresh ideas about
1785-468: The City', which explored the relationship of artists to the city. Space was created called the 'Docking Station' for monthly presentations of work by emerging artists. In 2008, 'Other voices, other rooms', an exhibition highlighting the video work of Andy Warhol , drew 600,000 visitors. In 2006, the city council privatized the Stedelijk. It became a more businesslike enterprise that leases the museum building from
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#17328558017561870-467: The Dutch art critics for their raw and realistic nature. By the turn of the century Breitner was a famous painter in the Netherlands, as demonstrated by a highly successful retrospective exhibition at Arti et Amicitiae in Amsterdam (1901). Breitner travelled frequently in the last decades of his life, visiting Paris, London, and Berlin, among other cities, and continued to take photographs. In 1909 he went to
1955-574: The Nieuwezijdskapel, Amsterdam realized €415,200 at Christie's, Amsterdam. Gezicht op Keizersgracht hoek Reguliersgracht ( An Elegant Lady Strolling Along a Canal in Amsterdam) realized €760,250 at an October 2007 Christie's Amsterdam sale. The scene is a noted beauty spot in Amsterdam and the palette rather brighter than Breitner's norm, although still muted by comparison with his French counterparts. Breitner Academie (2016–present). From 2016,
2040-439: The Stedelijk Museum partnered up with design agency Fabrique and augmented reality firm Layar to develop virtual art tours called "ARtours". Using smartphone technology, visitors are treated to additional stories and images about the collection both inside the museum and outside around the city. In the final phase of this project at the end of 2011, the public was invited to add their own stories, images, and other information through
2125-507: The Stedelijk Museum under the new director Eduard de Wilde. Crouwel designed catalogues, invitations, posters, and brochures using a consistent grid. He wanted to standardize the typography using the Univers typeface since it has the same x height on every weight. This grid-like layout became known as the SM-design style. Armand Mevis and Linda van Deursen redesigned the logo and visual identity of
2210-745: The United States as a member of the jury for the Carnegie International Exhibition in Pittsburgh. Although Breitner exhibited abroad early on, his fame never crossed the borders of the Netherlands. At the time foreign interest was more for anecdotal and picturesque works; the typical "Dutchness" of the Hague School . As time went by critics lost interest in Breitner. The younger generation regarded impressionism as too superficial. They aspired to
2295-484: The attention of curators and critics, at the expense of more traditional media. Larger installations and performances became widespread. By the end of the 1970s, when cultural critics began speaking of "the end of painting" (the title of a provocative essay written in 1981 by Douglas Crimp ), new media art had become a category in itself, with a growing number of artists experimenting with technological means such as video art . Painting assumed renewed importance in
2380-567: The birth of modern art as a movement is 1863, the year that Édouard Manet showed his painting Le déjeuner sur l'herbe in the Salon des Refusés in Paris. Earlier dates have also been proposed, among them 1855 (the year Gustave Courbet exhibited The Artist's Studio ) and 1784 (the year Jacques-Louis David completed his painting The Oath of the Horatii ). In the words of art historian H. Harvard Arnason : "Each of these dates has significance for
2465-498: The building was largely funded in 1890 by Sophia Adriana de Bruyn . Specifically, it was built under the Vereeniging tot het Vormen van een Verzameling van Hedendaagsche Kunst (VVHK, Society for the formation of a public collection of contemporary art), which was founded in 1874, to house de Bruyn's collection of art and antiques that she donated to the city along with a considerable sum of money. The Van Eeghen family also contributed to
2550-424: The city and, on behalf of the council, mounts exhibitions and manages, maintains, and adds to the municipal collection. Starting in late 2008, the Stedelijk underwent major construction. In response to this, the museum started the "Stedelijk goes to Town" project to maintain a visual presence within the city of Amsterdam while the building was being renovated. The project ran until the latter half of 2009 and featured
2635-500: The city, and became a master in doing this. It is not impossible that Breitner's preference for cloudy weather conditions and a greyish and brownish palette resulted from certain limitations of the photographic material. Breitner also painted female nudes, but just like Rembrandt he was criticized because his nudes were painted too realistically and did not resemble the common ideal of beauty. In his own time Breitner's paintings were admired by artists and art lovers, but often despised by
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2720-537: The collection at the end of the 1940s and 1950s. During this time, the Stedelijk also acquired artworks by De Stijl and related international movements such as Russian Constructivism and Bauhaus . Edy de Wilde, who had run the Van Abbe Museum in Eindhoven, took over as director from 1963 to 1985. He began the first collection of American contemporary art at the Stedelijk. Under his direction, in 1971, debates about
2805-406: The collection represents virtually every significant movement in art and design of the 20th and 21st centuries. The Stedelijk also has a comprehensive collection of drawings and paintings by Kazimir Malevich . Key pieces by Post-Impressionists Paul Cézanne and Vincent van Gogh exemplify art from the late 19th century. The collection is sub-divided into the following disciplines: In early 2010,
2890-543: The construction costs and donated paintings from the collection of Christiaan Pieter van Eeghen. The building was constructed between 1891 and 1895 at Paulus Potterstraat, a short walking distance from the Rijksmuseum . The museum's original collection included militaria of the Amsterdam militia, Asiatic art, and artifacts from the Museum of Chronometry and the Medical-Pharmaceutical Museum. In 1905, Cornelis Baard
2975-413: The contemporary art museum to an Amsterdam park, a new jury eventually awarded Benthem Crouwel Architects the renovation and construction contract for their design for the new building, referred to as "The Bathtub". The new Stedelijk has an exhibition surface area of 8,000 square meters, which is double its previous gallery space. Michael Kimmelman , architecture critic for The New York Times , wrote of
3060-494: The development of modern art, but none categorically marks a completely new beginning .... A gradual metamorphosis took place in the course of a hundred years." The strands of thought that eventually led to modern art can be traced back to the Enlightenment . The modern art critic Clement Greenberg , for instance, called Immanuel Kant "the first real Modernist" but also drew a distinction: "The Enlightenment criticized from
3145-425: The development of modern art. At the beginning of the 20th century Henri Matisse and several other young artists including the pre-cubists Georges Braque , André Derain , Raoul Dufy , Jean Metzinger and Maurice de Vlaminck revolutionized the Paris art world with "wild," multi-colored, expressive landscapes and figure paintings that the critics called Fauvism . Matisse's two versions of The Dance signified
3230-467: The director and buyer records. Ownership of the documents has been officially transferred to the Amsterdam City Archive, but the documents will remain in the Stedelijk Museum until the digitization project is completed. Dutch architect Adriaan Willem Weissman designed the building for the Stedelijk in 1895. The design of the upper façade and tower in a combination of pale stone and red brick give
3315-521: The early beginnings of Surrealism . Song of Love (1914) is one of the most famous works by de Chirico and is an early example of the surrealist style, though it was painted ten years before the movement was "founded" by André Breton in 1924. The School of Paris , centered in Montparnasse flourished between the two world wars. World War I brought an end to this phase but indicated the beginning of many anti-art movements, such as Dada , including
3400-489: The exterior of the building a 16th-century Dutch Neo-Renaissance look. In 1938, director Willem Sandberg had the interior walls painted white, creating 'white cube' gallery spaces. Some years later, in 1954, Sandberg had the opportunity to build a largely glass extension flanking the Van Baerlestraat, which came to be referred to as the "Sandberg Wing". Sandberg also replaced the museum's heavy, rather uninviting doors with
3485-412: The first clear manifestation of cubism, was followed by Synthetic cubism , practiced by Braque, Picasso, Fernand Léger , Juan Gris , Albert Gleizes , Marcel Duchamp and several other artists into the 1920s. Synthetic cubism is characterized by the introduction of different textures, surfaces, collage elements, papier collé and a large variety of merged subject matter. The notion of modern art
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3570-496: The first decade of the 20th century were Fauvism , Cubism , Expressionism , and Futurism . Futurism took off in Italy a couple years before World War I with the publication of Filippo Tommaso Marinetti 's Futurist Manifesto . Benedetta Cappa Marinetti , wife of Filippo Tommaso Marinetti, created the second wave of the artistic movement started by her husband. "Largely thanks to Benedetta, her husband F.T. Marinetti re orchestrated
3655-485: The first month after the reopening, the museum had over 95,000 visitors. In 2017, the Stedelijk Museum hosted events for the 17th edition of the Sonic Acts Festival. On 21 March 1986, Gerard Jan van Bladeren cut the painting Who's Afraid of Red, Yellow and Blue III (1967) by Barnett Newman with a utility knife during a psychotic episode . He was sentenced to eight months in jail and two years probation, and
3740-635: The first twelve months after the reopening in September 2012, the museum had 750,000 visitors. In 2013, the museum had 700,000 visitors. It was the 4th most visited museum in the Netherlands , after the Rijksmuseum , Van Gogh Museum , and Anne Frank House , and the 87th most visited art museum worldwide that year. In 2014 and 2015, the museum had respectively 816,396 and 675,000 visitors . Modern art Art of Central Asia Art of East Asia Art of South Asia Art of Southeast Asia Art of Europe Art of Africa Art of
3825-473: The focal point of new artistic movements. The 1950s and 1960s saw the emergence of Abstract Expressionism , Color field painting , Conceptual artists of Art & Language , Pop art , Op art , Hard-edge painting , Minimal art , Lyrical Abstraction , Fluxus , Happening , video art , Postminimalism , Photorealism and various other movements. In the late 1960s and the 1970s, Land art , performance art , conceptual art, and other new art forms attracted
3910-555: The following July when van Gogh was on the verge of leaving The Hague and Breitner spending more time in Rotterdam than the Hague. At that time van Gogh gave Theo a less than flattering account of Breitner's paintings as resembling mouldy wallpaper, although he did say he thought he would be all right in the end. For his part, there is no evidence that Breitner saw anything notable in van Gogh's work. He later reminisced that sketching with van Gogh
3995-472: The general public on 23 September 2012 with the group show "Beyond Imagination". The artists included in this inaugural show were James Beckett, Eric Bell and Kristoffer Frick, Rossella Biscotti , Eglé Budvytyté, Jeremiah Day, Christian Friedrich, Sara van der Heide, Suchan Kinoshita, Susanne Kriemann, Matthew Lutz-Kinoy, Snejanka Mihaylova, Rory Pilgrim, Falke Pisano, Julika Rudelius, Fiona Tan, Jennifer Tee, Jan van Toorn, Vincent Vulsma and Andros Zins-Browne. In
4080-503: The ground floor of the west wing on 15 December 1934. This collection included furniture, glass, pottery, and china, graphic design and posters, textiles, small sculptures and masks, batik, metalwork, and stained glass with an emphasis on Dutch work from around the turn of the century. In 1936, David Röell, who had previously worked at the Rijksmuseum and was secretary of the VVHK, took over as museum director. Röell appointed Willem Sandberg as
4165-625: The last period rooms were closed, the Stedelijk became exclusively a museum for modern art. In 2001, drawings by Kazimir Malevich and other Russian avant-garde artists from the collection of the Khardzhiev-Chaga Cultural Centre were added to the museum's collection of Ukrainian/Russian/Soviet art. At the end of 2003, the Adriaan Willem Weissman building was closed at the insistence of the fire department; renovation work began. The Stedelijk took up temporary residence in
4250-433: The light that they reflect, and therefore painters should paint in natural light ( en plein air ) rather than in studios and should capture the effects of light in their work. Impressionist artists formed a group, Société Anonyme Coopérative des Artistes Peintres, Sculpteurs, Graveurs ("Association of Painters, Sculptors, and Engravers") which, despite internal tensions, mounted a series of independent exhibitions. The style
4335-406: The local authority. These four figures oversaw all art purchases for the museum, notably works of Hague and Amsterdam Impressionism and pieces by international contemporaries. The museum began actively acquiring art in 1930. In 1933, M.B.B. Nijkerk's collection of books came to the Stedelijk, which was later expanded to include aesthetic book design and typography. The Museum of Applied Art opened on
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#17328558017564420-417: The museum had an estimated 675,000 visitors. The Stedelijk Museum, Amsterdam, opened on 14 September 1895 as an initiative of the local authority and private individuals. The Dutch Neo-Renaissance style museum building was designed by Dutch architect Adriaan Willem Weissman [ arz ; de ; nl ] as part of a modernization project spearheaded by local citizens starting in 1850. The construction of
4505-463: The museum in 2012, which was gradually unveiled with its re-opening on 23 September 2012. Mevis and van Deursen had previously designed the graphic identity of the temporary Stedelijk program from 2010 to 2012. The main aspect of the new logo is a large sans-serif S that is composed of the letters of the museum's name in capital letters. The typeface used is Union, a hybrid of Helvetica and Arial , created by Czech typographer Radim Peško in 2009. Union
4590-458: The museum re-launch a little sooner. With even more delays in 2011 when contractor Midreth went bankrupt, the plan to re-open in the spring of 2010 was moved to 2012. The restored original building went ahead and opened with a temporary exposition in 2010, which attracted about 223,000 visitors. Contractor VolkerWessels finished the construction in February 2012, after which the climate control system
4675-535: The museum shop, restaurant and library, as well as an auditorium. The inaugural exhibition, entitled "Beyond Imagination", was a show of work by emerging Amsterdam artists. A retrospective of the late Los Angeles artist Mike Kelley followed in December 2012. The completion of the project cost a total of €127M, €20M more than estimated in 2007, which was mostly funded by Amsterdam's city council. In 1963, Wim Crouwel and his design company, Total Design, began working for
4760-425: The museum's addition, "I can't recall seeing a more ridiculous looking building than the new Stedelijk Museum." The Los Angeles Times called the extension "oversized, antiseptic and mismatched". When Alvaro Siza had originally designed the plans, the reopening was scheduled for 2007. In 2004, when a new competition was held, it became clear that this date was not achievable. Although the renovated original building
4845-412: The museum's social and educational functions sparked the formation of a communications department. In the early 1970s, the museum made its first acquisitions of video art by European artists including Dibbets and Gilbert & George . Today, the collection of video art contains around 900 works and installations, including works by Nam June Paik , Bill Viola and Bruce Nauman . By the mid-1970s, after
4930-467: The nature of materials and functions of art. A tendency away from the narrative , which was characteristic of the traditional arts, toward abstraction is characteristic of much modern art. More recent artistic production is often called contemporary art or Postmodern art . Modern art begins with the heritage of painters like Vincent van Gogh , Paul Cézanne , Paul Gauguin , Georges Seurat and Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec all of whom were essential for
5015-402: The new curator in January 1938. Sandberg eventually took over as director of the museum in 1945. By 1962, the VVHK handed over most of its collection, including works by George Hendrik Breitner , Paul Cézanne , Jean-Baptiste-Camille Corot , Gustave Courbet , Vincent van Gogh , and Johan Jongkind . Under the direction of Sandberg, the Stedelijk started a department of applied art in 1945 and
5100-473: The old Post CS Building [ nl ] , where it would remain for 4.5 years. In 2005, the museum established a partnership with The Broere Charitable Foundation; on behalf of the Monique Zajfen Collection, the museum acquired contemporary European artworks, which were placed at the museum on long-term loan. In 2006, debates and lectures were organized in the context of the exhibition 'Mapping
5185-548: The open source platform. In 2018, a mural created by Keith Haring in 1986 on the Stedelijk Museum's storage facility was revealed after being covered by sheets of aluminum a few years after its completion. The 40-foot-mural is the artist's largest public work and was created for his first solo museum exhibition. In November 2009, the museum started a project to digitize the historical archive, which spans from 1895 to 1980. The archive contains around 1.5 million documents in around 7,000 folders, and includes correspondence letters of
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#17328558017565270-402: The outside ... . Modernism criticizes from the inside." The French Revolution of 1789 uprooted assumptions and institutions that had for centuries been accepted with little question and accustomed the public to vigorous political and social debate. This gave rise to what art historian Ernst Gombrich called a "self-consciousness that made people select the style of their building as one selects
5355-434: The painting Les Demoiselles d'Avignon (1907), Picasso dramatically created a new and radical picture depicting a raw and primitive brothel scene with five prostitutes, violently painted women, reminiscent of African tribal masks and his new Cubist inventions. Analytic cubism was jointly developed by Picasso and Georges Braque , exemplified by Violin and Candlestick, Paris, from about 1908 through 1912. Analytic cubism,
5440-448: The pattern of a wallpaper." The pioneers of modern art were Romantics , Realists and Impressionists . By the late 19th century, additional movements which were to be influential in modern art had begun to emerge: Post-Impressionism and Symbolism . Influences upon these movements were varied: from exposure to Eastern decorative arts, particularly Japanese printmaking , to the coloristic innovations of Turner and Delacroix , to
5525-470: The poorer areas of The Hague. Breitner preferred working-class models: labourers, servant girls and people from the lower class districts. Interest in the lot of the common people, which many artists felt in that period, was nurtured by the social conscience of French writers such as Émile Zola . He was associated with the Dutch literary group known as the Tachtigers (English translation: "Eighty-ers"). This
5610-538: The renowned collection of modern and contemporary art and design. The exhibition showcased the breadth of the museum's collection and exhibited works by Piet Mondrian , Kazimir Malevich , Charley Toorop , Henri Matisse , Donald Judd , Willem de Kooning , Yves Klein and Bruce Nauman , among others. Selections from the collections were presented on a rotating basis. "The Temporary Stedelijk 3" began in October 2011 and featured exhibitions, presentations, and activities located throughout Amsterdam. The museum reopened for
5695-593: The same year he lived at landscapist Willem Maris 's place at Loosduinen and was accepted as a member of Pulchri Studio , an important artist's society in The Hague. Later, he distanced himself from the Hague School and today he is generally regarded as an Amsterdam Impressionist . During 1880–1881 he worked at the famous Panorama Mesdag together with Hendrik Mesdag , S. Mesdag-van Houten, Theophile de Bock and Barend Blommers. In 1882 he met and worked together with Vincent van Gogh , with whom he often went sketching in
5780-719: The shifting ideologies of Futurism to embrace feminine elements of intuition, spirituality, and the mystical forces of the earth." She painted up until his death and spent the rest of her days tending to the spread and growth of this period in Italian art, which celebrated technology, speed and all things new. During the years between 1910 and the end of World War I and after the heyday of cubism , several movements emerged in Paris. Giorgio de Chirico moved to Paris in July 1911, where he joined his brother Andrea (the poet and painter known as Alberto Savinio ). Through his brother, he met Pierre Laprade,
5865-433: The skylight with lime-washed glass. Due to poor maintenance and lack of modern facilities, including climate control, the building was deemed unable to meet modern standards. Additionally, it did not have the space to feature the highlights of the collection on permanent display. Since its beginnings, over a century ago, the collection had vastly increased. The art depots and workshops had also become far too cramped. In 1993,
5950-509: The weather in the city at a particular moment. In 2021, a photograph by Breitner ( Hangboogstraat 23 in Amsterdam ) was included in the Netherlands Photo Museum 's permanent exhibition Gallery of Honour of Dutch Photography , consisting of 99 photographs. Breitner is remembered in a Dutch figure of speech: when the streets are grey and rainy, people of Amsterdam whisper grimly "Echt Breitnerweer" (Typical Breitnerweather). Girl in
6035-462: The work of Marcel Duchamp , and of Surrealism . Artist groups like de Stijl and Bauhaus developed new ideas about the interrelation of the arts, architecture, design, and art education. Modern art was introduced to the United States with the Armory Show in 1913 and through European artists who moved to the U.S. during World War I. It was only after World War II , however, that the U.S. became
6120-471: Was a Dutch painter and photographer. An important figure in Amsterdam Impressionism , he is noted especially for his paintings of street scenes and harbours in a realistic style. He painted en plein air , and became interested in photography as a means of documenting street life and atmospheric effects – rainy weather in particular – as reference materials for his paintings. George Hendrik Breitner
6205-461: Was a group that championed impressionism and naturalism against romanticism , influencing other painters such as Isaac Israëls , Willem Witsen , and poets like Willem Kloos . In 1886, he entered the Rijksakademie of Amsterdam, but soon it became clear that Breitner was far beyond the level of education offered there. Breitner saw himself as "le peintre du peuple", the people's painter. He
6290-463: Was adopted by artists in different nations, in preference to a "national" style. These factors established the view that it was a "movement." These traits—establishment of a working method integral to the art, the establishment of a movement or visible active core of support, and international adoption—would be repeated by artistic movements in the Modern period in art. Among the movements that flowered in
6375-400: Was also a talented photographer of street life in the city. Sometimes he made various pictures of the same subject, from different perspectives or in different weather conditions. Photos sometimes formed the immediate example for a particular painting, for instance the girls in kimono. On other occasions, Breitner used photography for general reference, to capture an atmosphere, a light effect or
6460-407: Was appointed curator of the Stedelijk and promoted to museum director in 1920. During his time as curator, the local authority began building its own collection of modern art. The Great Depression in the Netherlands led to municipal cutbacks and an increased need for policy reviews in the first half of the 1930s. In 1932, a purchasing committee was established with two members from the VVHK and two from
6545-577: Was banned from the museum for three years. On 21 November 1997, Van Bladeren, the same vandal, cut the painting Cathedra (1951), also by Barnett Newman. In court, he pleaded insanity and was not convicted, but was banned from the museum permanently. On 20 May 1988, the first and only art theft from the Stedelijk took place. The three paintings Vase with Carnations (1886) by Vincent van Gogh , Street in Nevers (1874) by Johan Jongkind , and Still life with bottles and apples by Paul Cézanne were stolen during
6630-656: Was born in Rotterdam , Netherlands. From 1876 to 1880 he attended the Art Academy in The Hague where his extraordinary talent was rewarded on various occasions. From October 1878 till April 1879 he worked as an art teacher at the Leiden academy Ars Aemula Naturae. In 1880 he was expelled from the Art Academy of The Hague for misconduct, because he had destroyed the regulations-board. In
6715-654: Was completed in early 2010, conditions were not suitable for exhibiting artworks because there was no climate control system, which was to be installed in the new wing. The press poured criticism on the delays. A campaign by Dutch cultural entrepreneur Otto Nan, "Stedelijk Do Something", urged people to text their disappointment about the delays. This drew considerable media attention and a huge response from social networking sites like Twitter and Facebook . Nan hoped that what he referred to as an "amicable coup" would attract political attention with an occupation of Museum Square. By sending SMS messages, people could raise money to help
6800-404: Was finished. Breitner had only two pupils, Kees Maks (1876–1967) and Marie Henrie Mackenzie (1878–1961). He died on 5 June 1923 in Amsterdam , Netherlands. In the early months of 1882, Breitner came into contact with Vincent van Gogh . Van Gogh appears to have been introduced to him by his brother Theo , and the pair sketched together in the working-class districts of The Hague. Breitner
6885-515: Was motivated to do so because he regarded himself as a painter of the common folk. Van Gogh, initially at any rate, was more intent on recruiting models. It is likely that Breitner introduced van Gogh to the novels of Émile Zola and the cause of social realism. Breitner was hospitalised in April. Van Gogh visited him in hospital, but Breitner did not return the visits when van Gogh himself was hospitalised two months later, and they did not meet again until
6970-471: Was problematic because, whereas Breitner sketched discreetly in a notebook, van Gogh came laden with apparatus and attracted hostile attention. Two years after van Gogh's death, Breitner wrote that he did not like van Gogh's paintings: "I can’t help it, but to me it seems like art for Eskimos, I cannot enjoy it. I honestly find it coarse and distasteful, without any distinction, and what’s more, he has stolen it all from Millet and others." Breitner introduced
7055-409: Was set up. After eight years of work, the new Stedelijk opened on 23 September 2012. With the renovation and expansion, the highlights of the collection are on display in the old building in a series of changing presentations. The new wing consists of a large glassed entrance, which opens onto the Museum Square, and galleries for temporary exhibitions on the upper level and in the basement. It also houses
7140-600: Was temporarily relocated to the Post-CS building, an old building of the Postal Service close to the Amsterdam Central Station . When the Post-CS location was closed in 2008, a book called "Stedelijk Museum CS – Prospect/Retrospect" was published to commemorate some of the successful expositions and artists during this period, like Andy Warhol and Rineke Dijkstra . After further discussions about whether to relocate
7225-479: Was the painter of city views par excellence: wooden foundation piles by the harbour, demolition work and construction sites in the old centre, horse trams on the Dam , or canals in the rain. With his nervous brush strokes, he captured the dynamic street life. By 1890, cameras were affordable, and Breitner had a much better instrument to satisfy his ambitions. He became very interested in capturing movement and illumination in
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