33-400: Breitner is a surname. Notable people with the surname include: George Hendrik Breitner (1857–1923), Dutch painter and photographer Paul Breitner (born 1951), German footballer and commentator See also [ edit ] Breitner Da Silva (born 1989), Venezuelan footballer [REDACTED] Surname list This page lists people with
66-567: A social realism to the Netherlands that created shock waves similar to that of Courbet and Manet 's in France. In his early years, the corn merchant A.P. van Stolk, who was interested in art, played an influential role. He financially supported the young painter from 1877 to 1883, but his conservative taste clashed with Breitner's particular style. The discovery in 1996 of a large collection of photographic prints and negatives made clear that Breitner
99-463: A Red Kimono realized €582,450 at a Christie's Amsterdam sale in October 2003. The purchaser was Robert Noortman . The model for the painting was Geesje Kwak , the subject of a series of seven paintings and studies by Breitner of a girl dressed in a red or white kimono lying on a bed or standing before a mirror. The painting is considered a high point of Dutch Japonisme . In April 2005, Rokin with
132-647: A means of documenting street life and atmospheric effects – rainy weather in particular – as reference materials for his paintings. George Hendrik Breitner was born in Rotterdam , Netherlands. From 1876 to 1880 he attended the Art Academy in The Hague where his extraordinary talent was rewarded on various occasions. From October 1878 till April 1879 he worked as an art teacher at the Leiden academy Ars Aemula Naturae. In 1880 he
165-522: A spy in France in 1917. Her portrait can be seen at the Kröller-Müller Museum . Other sitters included Johanna van Gogh-Bonger and the feminist physician Aletta Jacobs , although he also portrayed ordinary subjects such as girls in the street and telephone operators. Following the war, Israëls visited Paris, Copenhagen , Stockholm and London. He spent the years 1921 to 1922 travelling in India and
198-467: Is different from Wikidata All set index articles George Hendrik Breitner George Hendrik Breitner (12 September 1857 – 5 June 1923) was a Dutch painter and photographer. An important figure in Amsterdam Impressionism , he is noted especially for his paintings of street scenes and harbours in a realistic style. He painted en plein air , and became interested in photography as
231-518: The Amsterdam Impressionism movement. The son of Jozef Israëls , one of the most respected painters of the Hague School , and Aleida Schaap, Isaac Israëls displayed precocious artistic talent from an early age. Israëls was Jewish. Between 1880 and 1882 he studied at the Royal Academy of Art, The Hague , where he met George Hendrik Breitner who was to become a lifelong friend. In 1881, when he
264-645: The Dutch East Indies , sketching and painting the vibrant life of South East Asia and notably the gamelan players of Bali . On his return, he settled at Koninginnegracht 2, The Hague , his deceased parents' home, where he remained for the rest of his life, nevertheless making regular trips abroad to London, Italy and the French Riviera. At the age of 63, he won a Gold Medal at the 1928 Olympic Games for his painting "Cavalier rouge" (Ruiter in rode rok, Red Rider ), an art competition then being part of
297-540: The Rijksakademie of Amsterdam, but soon it became clear that Breitner was far beyond the level of education offered there. Breitner saw himself as "le peintre du peuple", the people's painter. He was the painter of city views par excellence: wooden foundation piles by the harbour, demolition work and construction sites in the old centre, horse trams on the Dam , or canals in the rain. With his nervous brush strokes, he captured
330-444: The surname Breitner . If an internal link intending to refer to a specific person led you to this page, you may wish to change that link by adding the person's given name (s) to the link. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Breitner&oldid=724982563 " Categories : Surnames German-language surnames Hidden categories: Articles with short description Short description
363-600: The 1885 Salon he received an honourable mention for his Transport of Colonial Soldiers . At this time he was reading Émile Zola , as was Breitner, and following his triumph at the Salon he spent a year travelling in the Belgian mining districts and elsewhere. Beginning 1886, Israëls lived in Amsterdam and registered with Breitner at the Royal Academy of Visual Arts to complete his schooling. Both of them, however, quickly abandoned
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#1732859398880396-605: The Amsterdam Academy of Fine Arts is housed at Overhoeksplein 1-2, next to the EYE Film Institute film museum and Tolhuistuin. The academy was renamed the Breitner Academie, named after the Amsterdam artist George Hendrik Breitner. Isaac Isra%C3%ABls Isaac Lazarus Israëls ( Dutch pronunciation: [ˈizɑk ˈlaːzaːrʏs ˈɪsraːɛls] ; 3 February 1865 – 7 October 1934) was a Dutch painter associated with
429-532: The Amsterdam fashion house Hirsch & Cie [ nl ] at the Leidseplein . Israëls portrayed the whole range of the world of haute couture , from seamstress to wealthy client, gaining access even to the fitting-rooms. Israëls moved to Paris in 1904, establishing his studio at 10 rue Alfred Stevens, 48°52′54″N 2°20′19″E / 48.881784°N 2.338651°E / 48.881784; 2.338651 , near Montmartre and just yards away from
462-509: The Dutch engraver and painter Willem de Zwart who also became a lifelong friend. He often spent his summers with his father in the Dutch seaside resort of Scheveningen near The Hague. Guests included Édouard Manet and Max Liebermann . Interested by the changing light of sun and sea, he painted many colourful seaside scenes. Towards the end of the century, Israëls was introduced by his childhood friend and portrait painter Thérèse Schwartze to
495-574: The Nieuwezijdskapel, Amsterdam realized €415,200 at Christie's, Amsterdam. Gezicht op Keizersgracht hoek Reguliersgracht ( An Elegant Lady Strolling Along a Canal in Amsterdam) realized €760,250 at an October 2007 Christie's Amsterdam sale. The scene is a noted beauty spot in Amsterdam and the palette rather brighter than Breitner's norm, although still muted by comparison with his French counterparts. Breitner Academie (2016–present). From 2016,
528-455: The academy for the more progressive circle of the Tachtigers , an influential group of writers and artists of the time. This was a group that insisted style must reflect content and that emotionally charged subjects can only be represented by an equally intense technique. Influenced by this philosophy, Israëls became a painter of the streets, cafes, and cabarets of Amsterdam. At this time he met
561-483: The dynamic street life. By 1890, cameras were affordable, and Breitner had a much better instrument to satisfy his ambitions. He became very interested in capturing movement and illumination in the city, and became a master in doing this. It is not impossible that Breitner's preference for cloudy weather conditions and a greyish and brownish palette resulted from certain limitations of the photographic material. Breitner also painted female nudes, but just like Rembrandt he
594-620: The end. For his part, there is no evidence that Breitner saw anything notable in van Gogh's work. He later reminisced that sketching with van Gogh was problematic because, whereas Breitner sketched discreetly in a notebook, van Gogh came laden with apparatus and attracted hostile attention. Two years after van Gogh's death, Breitner wrote that he did not like van Gogh's paintings: "I can’t help it, but to me it seems like art for Eskimos, I cannot enjoy it. I honestly find it coarse and distasteful, without any distinction, and what’s more, he has stolen it all from Millet and others." Breitner introduced
627-440: The famous Panorama Mesdag together with Hendrik Mesdag , S. Mesdag-van Houten, Theophile de Bock and Barend Blommers. In 1882 he met and worked together with Vincent van Gogh , with whom he often went sketching in the poorer areas of The Hague. Breitner preferred working-class models: labourers, servant girls and people from the lower class districts. Interest in the lot of the common people, which many artists felt in that period,
660-506: The games. He participated in two other Olympic Games art competitions, 1924 at Paris and 1932 at Los Angeles. He died at home, in The Hague on 7 October 1934, aged 69, two days after he was hit by a car, a street accident. His partner at that time was Sophie de Vries. On 26 April 2005, one of his Donkey riding on the Beach series realised €482,400 at Christie's , Amsterdam. The sale example
693-600: The last decades of his life, visiting Paris, London, and Berlin, among other cities, and continued to take photographs. In 1909 he went to the United States as a member of the jury for the Carnegie International Exhibition in Pittsburgh. Although Breitner exhibited abroad early on, his fame never crossed the borders of the Netherlands. At the time foreign interest was more for anecdotal and picturesque works;
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#1732859398880726-512: The outbreak of the First World War he was living in London , where he found new subjects in horse-riding at Rotten Row and in ballerinas and boxers. He returned to Holland for the duration of the war, living alternately in The Hague, Amsterdam and Scheveningen, where he worked primarily as a portrait painter. Amongst his sitters was Magaretha Gertrud Zelle, better known as Mata Hari , executed as
759-494: The pair sketched together in the working-class districts of The Hague. Breitner was motivated to do so because he regarded himself as a painter of the common folk. Van Gogh, initially at any rate, was more intent on recruiting models. It is likely that Breitner introduced van Gogh to the novels of Émile Zola and the cause of social realism. Breitner was hospitalised in April. Van Gogh visited him in hospital, but Breitner did not return
792-503: The studio of Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec whom he admired, as he also did Edgar Degas . As in Amsterdam, he painted the Parisian specific motifs: the public parks, cafes, cabarets and bistros, as well as such subjects as fairgrounds and circus acrobats. Likewise he sought out the fashion houses Paquin and Drecoll [ fr ] to continue his studies of the world of fashion. However, he only exhibited once in this period, in 1909. At
825-450: The typical "Dutchness" of the Hague School . As time went by critics lost interest in Breitner. The younger generation regarded impressionism as too superficial. They aspired to a more elevated and spiritual form of art, but Breitner did not allow himself to be influenced by these new artistic trends. Around 1905–1910 pointillism as practised by Jan Sluyters , Piet Mondrian and Leo Gestel
858-508: The visits when van Gogh himself was hospitalised two months later, and they did not meet again until the following July when van Gogh was on the verge of leaving The Hague and Breitner spending more time in Rotterdam than the Hague. At that time van Gogh gave Theo a less than flattering account of Breitner's paintings as resembling mouldy wallpaper, although he did say he thought he would be all right in
891-509: The weather in the city at a particular moment. In 2021, a photograph by Breitner ( Hangboogstraat 23 in Amsterdam ) was included in the Netherlands Photo Museum 's permanent exhibition Gallery of Honour of Dutch Photography , consisting of 99 photographs. Breitner is remembered in a Dutch figure of speech: when the streets are grey and rainy, people of Amsterdam whisper grimly "Echt Breitnerweer" (Typical Breitnerweather). Girl in
924-506: Was 16, he sold a painting, Bugle Practice , even before it was finished to the artist and collector Hendrik Willem Mesdag . Two portraits he made in the same year of his grandmother and a family friend, Nannette Enthoven (below) , attest to the technical ability he had attained by that age. Starting in 1878, Israëls made annual visits to the Salon des Artistes Français with his father and in 1882 made his debut there with Military Burial . In
957-400: Was also a talented photographer of street life in the city. Sometimes he made various pictures of the same subject, from different perspectives or in different weather conditions. Photos sometimes formed the immediate example for a particular painting, for instance the girls in kimono. On other occasions, Breitner used photography for general reference, to capture an atmosphere, a light effect or
990-487: Was criticized because his nudes were painted too realistically and did not resemble the common ideal of beauty. In his own time Breitner's paintings were admired by artists and art lovers, but often despised by the Dutch art critics for their raw and realistic nature. By the turn of the century Breitner was a famous painter in the Netherlands, as demonstrated by a highly successful retrospective exhibition at Arti et Amicitiae in Amsterdam (1901). Breitner travelled frequently in
1023-490: Was expelled from the Art Academy of The Hague for misconduct, because he had destroyed the regulations-board. In the same year he lived at landscapist Willem Maris 's place at Loosduinen and was accepted as a member of Pulchri Studio , an important artist's society in The Hague. Later, he distanced himself from the Hague School and today he is generally regarded as an Amsterdam Impressionist . During 1880–1881 he worked at
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1056-590: Was flourishing. Between 1911 and 1914 all the latest art movements arrived in the Netherlands one after another including cubism , futurism and expressionism . Breitner's role as contemporary historical painter was finished. Breitner had only two pupils, Kees Maks (1876–1967) and Marie Henrie Mackenzie (1878–1961). He died on 5 June 1923 in Amsterdam , Netherlands. In the early months of 1882, Breitner came into contact with Vincent van Gogh . Van Gogh appears to have been introduced to him by his brother Theo , and
1089-403: Was nurtured by the social conscience of French writers such as Émile Zola . He was associated with the Dutch literary group known as the Tachtigers (English translation: "Eighty-ers"). This was a group that championed impressionism and naturalism against romanticism , influencing other painters such as Isaac Israëls , Willem Witsen , and poets like Willem Kloos . In 1886, he entered
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