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54-523: The most famous MLA from this riding was indubitably W.A.C. Bennett , who won the seat originally as a Conservative in 1941, sat with the Coalition in '45 and '49, then joined the Social Credit League of British Columbia in the preferential-ballot melee of '52 and '53 which led to his securing majority rule for his long tenure as Premier from 1953 to 1972 . The second-most famous MLA from this riding

108-639: A populist conservative party. It was devoted to keeping the CCF out of power. But, as leader of the Social Credit Party of Canada 's second most powerful provincial branch, Bennett spoke for the party in federal election campaigns. During the 1957 election , he spoke for the party at a rally in Regina, Saskatchewan . In the 1965 election , Bennett and his cabinet ministers toured BC to encourage voters to elect Social Credit MPs to promote BC's interests. The cabinets of

162-584: A "bigot who thinks there are too many French people in Ottawa." Bennett proposed that Canada be considered as a group of regions instead of provinces: Atlantic Canada, Quebec, Ontario, Western Canada, and BC. He also proposed that the four western provinces be expanded north, with BC absorbing the Yukon Territory. Although there was no formal reorganization of jurisdictions, the concept of different regions, instead of provinces, has become part of how Canadians discuss

216-455: A decision not to drink before social interactions. A 2015 study by the Office for National Statistics showed that young Britons were more likely to be teetotallers than their parents. According to Global Status Report on Alcohol and Health, published by WHO in 2011, close to half of the world's adult population (45 percent) are lifetime abstainers. The Eastern Mediterranean Region, consisting of

270-510: A hardware store. In 1927 Bennett married Annie Elizabeth May Richards. In 1930 they moved to Victoria, and then Kelowna with their two children, Anita and R.J. A third child, William , was born in 1932. In Kelowna, Bennett joined such fraternal organizations as the local Gyro Club , Masonic Lodge , and the Kelowna Club, and was active with his family in the United Church of Canada . He

324-520: A number of temperance organisations exist that promote teetotalism as a virtue. Richard Turner, a member of the Preston Temperance Society, is credited with using the existing slang word, "teetotally", for abstinence from all intoxicating liquors. One anecdote describes a meeting of the society in 1833, at which Turner in giving a speech said, "I'll be reet down out-and-out t-t-total for ever and ever." Walter William Skeat noted that

378-728: A policy of Prohibition . Additionally, the majority of Muslims do not drink and believe consuming alcohol is forbidden ( haram ). Ibn Majah and al-Tirmidhi narrated an authentic Hadith that if a Muslim drinks alcohol and does not repent, he would enter Hell after death and be "made to drink from the pus of the people of Jahannum ." Dominic Conroy and Richard de Visser published research in Psychology and Health that studied strategies used by college students who would like to resist peer pressure to drink alcohol in social settings. The research hinted that students are less likely to give in to peer pressure if they have strong friendships and make

432-416: A school funding proposal. After Social Credit was re-elected with a clear majority in 1953, Bennett abandoned the preferential voting method. The Social Credit Party won seven consecutive elections during W. A. C. Bennett's involvement and leadership: 1952, 1953, 1956, 1960, 1963, 1966, and 1969. The only election Bennett lost as a member of Social Credit was in 1972, the last election in which he

486-445: Is "Quebec nationalist"-oriented. He also implied that Quebec received special treatment from Ottawa as a result of this arrangement. Furthermore, B.C. premier W. A. C. Bennett believed that Pierre Trudeau implemented bilingualism because he was a Quebec‐oriented politician who was mainly interested in promoting and protecting French Canada. During an off the cuff remark at an Ontario Liberal rally, Pierre Trudeau referred to Bennett as

540-501: Is abstaining from intoxicating substances that disturb the peace and self-control of the mind, but it is formulated as a training rule to be assumed voluntarily by laypeople rather than as a commandment. Buddhist monks and nuns who hold traditional vows are forbidden from consuming alcohol. In Islam , the Arabic word " Khamr " (Arabic: خمر) refers to any intoxicant. Muslim countries have low rates of alcohol consumption, with many enforcing

594-552: Is inconsistent with the Christian lifestyle and testimony. Members of the Dunkard Brethren Church who do so should be counseled in love and forbearance. If they manifest an unwilling or arbitrary spirit, they subject themselves to the discipline of the church, even to expulsion in extreme cases. We implore members to accept the advice and counsel of the church and abstain from all of the above. Since members are to be examples to

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648-519: The Online Etymology Dictionary , the tee- in teetotal is the letter T, so it is actually t-total , though it was never spelled that way. The word is first recorded in 1832 in a general sense in an American source, and in 1833 in England in the context of abstinence. Since at first it was used in other contexts as an emphasised form of total , the tee- is presumably a reduplication of

702-673: The Allegheny Wesleyan Methodist Connection and Evangelical Wesleyan Church , practice temperance and teetotalism, thus abstaining from alcohol and other drugs. The Book of Discipline of the Immanuel Missionary Church , a Methodist denomination, states: Temperance is the moderate use of that which is beneficial, and a total abstinence from that which is harmful. Therefore no member shall be permitted to use or sell intoxicating liquors, tobacco, or harmful drugs, or to be guilty of things which are only for

756-453: The Bank of British Columbia , in which the government took a 25% ownership. In 1955 Bennett advocated for a universal medical, dental, hospital, and pharmaceutical insurance coverage. The federal government introduced universal, publicly funded medical and hospital insurance as part of what became known as Medicare . The provincial government introduced a retail sales tax to fund the program. In

810-755: The British Columbia Conservative Party . He ran for the South Okanagan nomination for the 1937 provincial election for the British Columbia Legislative Assembly , but was unsuccessful. In 1941, he won the Conservative Party nomination and the general election. Following that election, the Conservative and Liberal parties voted to govern in coalition . As a coalitionist, Bennett was re-elected in 1945 . He resigned

864-765: The Christian Science movement abstain from the consumption of alcohol. The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints rejects alcohol based upon the Word of Wisdom . Eastern Orthodox Church , the Roman Catholic Church , the Lutheran Churches , Oriental Orthodox Churches , and the Anglican Communion all require wine in their central religious rite of the Eucharist (Holy Communion). In contrast, churches in

918-533: The Minister of Finance , keeping tight control over government spending. He led his province into an era of modernization and prosperity. His practice of "pay as you go" carefully tracked spending, and transferred debts to other government agencies. In 1959 Bennett announced that the province was debt free. Bennett's governments nationalized certain industries, creating provincial Crown corporations , including BC Ferries (1960) and BC Hydro (1961). BC Rail , formerly

972-674: The New Testament , the Purified Translation of the Bible (2000), translates in a way that promotes teetotalism. However, the term 'wine' (and similar terms) being consumed by God's people occurs over two hundred times in both the Old and New Testament. Some Christians choose to practice teetotalism throughout the Lent season, giving up alcoholic beverages as their Lenten sacrifice . Jainism forbids

1026-411: The 19 votes cast, Bennett received 10, another candidate received 2, and two more (including Philip Gaglardi ) one vote each. On August 1, Bennett was sworn in as Premier of British Columbia; he was repeatedly reelected and served for 20 years. In order to get a stronger mandate, Bennett deliberately engineered the defeat of his initial minority government; he forced an election for June 1953 based on

1080-571: The 1960s, there was an expansion of higher education: Post-secondary education institutions were created and expanded. BC gained its second and third degree-granting universities: the University of Victoria in 1963 and Simon Fraser University in 1965. In 1961 Canada and the United States signed the Columbia River Treaty to jointly manage this important resource. While the signatories were

1134-491: The Bennett governments over 20 years had several memorable ministers, including the flamboyant "Flying Phil" Gaglardi . He oversaw the rapid construction and expansion of highways throughout the province and a similar expansion of BC Ferries. In 1960, the Bennett government introduced British Columbia's first provincial flag , the first official provincial flag adopted west of Quebec. A fiscal conservative, Bennett served also as

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1188-797: The CCF), he served as Leader of the Opposition until resigning his seat as member for South Okanagan in June 1973. His son, W.R. "Bill" Bennett , won the South Okanagan by-election in September. W. A. C. Bennett retired as leader of the Social Credit Party on November 15, and his son Bill Bennett was elected leader of the BC Social Credit Party on November 24, 1973. NDP Premier Dave Barrett dropped

1242-506: The Landmark, with a man named Turner, a member of the Preston Temperance Society, who, having an impediment of speech, in addressing a meeting remarked, that partial abstinence from intoxicating liquors would not do; they must insist upon tee-tee-(stammering) tee total abstinence. Hence total abstainers have been called teetotalers. According to historian Daniel Walker Howe ( What Hath God Wrought: The Transformation of America, 1815–1848 , 2007)

1296-709: The Methodist tradition (which traditionally upholds teetotalism) require that "pure, unfermented juice of the grape" be used in the sacrament of Holy Communion. In the Gospel of Luke (1:13–15), the angel that announces the birth of John the Baptist foretells that "he shall be great in the sight of the Lord, and shall drink neither wine nor strong drink; and he shall be filled with the Holy Ghost, even from his mother's womb". A free translation of

1350-642: The Muslim countries in the Middle East and North Africa, is by far the lowest alcohol-consuming region in the world, both in terms of total adult per-capita consumption and prevalence of non-drinkers, i.e., 87.8 percent lifetime abstainers. This is a list of notable figures who practiced teetotalism and were public advocates for temperance, teetotalism, or both. To be included in this list, individuals must be well-known for their abstention from alcohol, their advocacy efforts, or both. Individuals whose abstention from alcohol

1404-531: The Pacific Great Eastern Railway and owned by the province since 1918, had a series of major expansions to stimulate development. He also ensured investment in other infrastructure. Minister of Highways, Phil Gaglardi, oversaw major highway expansions and improvements. Major hydro-electric dam-building projects were undertaken on the Columbia and Peace Rivers . Bennett was instrumental in establishing

1458-633: The Province of British Columbia provided the Province of Quebec with a $ 100 million loan. $ 60 million from that loan went to Hydro-Québec. The loan faced controversy in the Quebec legislature. In 1967 the premier proposed that Quebecers should vote on whether or not they want to stay in Canada and that the referendum should ask "one simple question". Following his party's defeat in the 1972 election by Dave Barrett 's revitalized New Democratic Party (the successor to

1512-500: The Socreds had expected to win the election. They entered the campaign without a full-time leader; their nominal leader was Ernest George Hansell , a federal MP from Alberta. Party president Lyle Wicks convened a meeting of the newly elected MLAs to elect British Columbia's new premier. Bennett, one of only three Socred MLAs who had any previous experience in the legislature, was elected party leader and premier-designate on July 15, 1952. Of

1566-618: The Turner anecdote had been recorded by temperance advocate Joseph Livesey , and posited that the term may have been inspired by the teetotum ; however, James B. Greenough stated that "nobody ever thought teetotum and teetotaler were etymologically connected." A variation on the above account is found on the pages of The Charleston Observer : Teetotalers .—The origin of this convenient word, (as convenient almost, although not so general in its application as loafer ,) is, we imagine, known but to few who use it. It originated, as we learn from

1620-412: The consumption of alcohol, in addition to trade in alcohol. In Hinduism , the consumption of alcohol and other intoxicants, called surāpāna , is considered the second mahāpātaka , or great sin. Hindus are prohibited from drinking alcohol "as it has a direct impact on the nervous system, leading to actions that a sound person normally would not." Similarly, one of the five precepts of Buddhism

1674-1175: The consumption of alcohol, or recommend the non-consumption thereof, including certain Anabaptist denominations such as the Mennonites (both Old Order Mennonites and Conservative Mennonites ), Church of the Brethren , Beachy Amish and New Order Amish . Many Christian groups, such as Methodists (especially those aligned with the Holiness movement ) and Quakers (particularly the Conservative Friends and Holiness Friends ), are often associated with teetotalism due to their traditionally strong support for temperance movements, as well as prohibition . The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints , Seventh-day Adventists , and Holiness Pentecostals also preach abstinence from alcohol and other drugs. Many members of these Christian religious groups are also required to refrain from selling such products. Conservative Anabaptist denominations of Christianity proscribe

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1728-538: The country. BC hosted the 1971 constitutional conference in Victoria. From this emerged the Victoria Charter , the most far-reaching federal-provincial agreement on constitutional amendment since Confederation . Bennett advocated that BC should have a veto over constitutional amendments, along with Ontario and Quebec. During a 1977 interview with Peter Gzowski, Bennett claimed that most premiers were in agreement about

1782-472: The creation of BC Hydro and BC Ferries . Bennett led the Socreds to a total of seven consecutive election victories. Though he led the party to defeat in the 1972 election , his son Bill Bennett led it to victory in the 1975 election and served as premier until 1986. Bennett was born in 1900 in Hastings, New Brunswick , Canada, one of five children of Andrew Havelock Bennett and Mary Emma Burns. His father

1836-531: The federal governments of Canada and the United States, Premier Bennett was reported to have played a major part in the negotiations. Under treaty provisions, the U.S. paid British Columbia C$ 275 million (plus interest) for the downstream power generation rights over the following 30 years. BC used the money to fund construction of dams on the Columbia River for power generation and flood control. In 1970, B.C premier W. A. C. Bennett mused that Trudeau's government

1890-545: The first letter of total , much as contemporary idiom might say "total with a capital T". The teetotalism movement first started in Preston , England, in the early 19th century. The Preston Temperance Society was founded in 1833 by Joseph Livesey , who was to become a leader of the temperance movement and the author of The Pledge : "We agree to abstain from all liquors of an intoxicating quality whether ale , porter , wine, or ardent spirits , except as medicine ." Today,

1944-566: The gratification of the depraved appetite, and are unbecoming and inconsistent with our Christian profession (I Cor. 10:31). —General Standards, Immanuel Missionary Church Uniformed members of the Salvation Army ("soldiers" and "officers") make a promise on joining the movement to observe lifelong abstinence from alcohol. This dates back to the early years of the organisation, and the missionary work among alcoholics. With respect to Restorationist Christianity , members of certain groups within

1998-416: The negative aspects of equalization payments. Bennett believed that they led to more government "bureaucracy". Bennett favoured direct payments to those in need and advocated for negative income taxes or guaranteed income. Bennett took this proposal to the premier of Quebec and prime minister Trudeau. Bennett on more than one occasion said "British Columbia [is] the best friend that Quebec's got". In 1964,

2052-665: The party to sit as an independent member. In December of that year, he took out a membership in the Social Credit League . Commencing with the 1952 provincial election , the province used an alternative vote system designed by the Conservative and Liberal parties to keep the Co-operative Commonwealth Federation out of power. However, the Liberal and Conservative parties were not at all as popular among voters as expected. The combined Liberal and PC vote total

2106-543: The seat in 1948 in order to run as Progressive Conservative candidate in the Yale federal by-election of that year, but did not win. Regaining the Coalition nomination for the South Okanagan seat, Bennett was returned to the British Columbia Legislative Assembly in the 1949 provincial election . After failing in his bid to become leader of the provincial Progressive Conservative Party in 1951, Bennett left

2160-856: The term was derived from the practice of American preacher and temperance advocate Lyman Beecher . He would take names at his meetings of people who pledged alcoholic temperance and noted those who pledged total abstinence with a T. Such persons became known as Teetotallers . When at drinking establishments , teetotallers either abstain from drinking totally or consume non-alcoholic beverages such as water, juice, tea, coffee, non-alcoholic soft drinks, virgin drinks, mocktails , and alcohol-free beer . Most teetotaller organisations also demand from their members that they do not promote or produce alcoholic intoxicants. Some common reasons for choosing teetotalism are psychological, religious, health, medical, philosophical, social, political, past alcoholism, or simply preference. A number of Christian denominations forbid

2214-593: The tough Alberta economic conditions and moved with his family to the Okanagan Valley, in the interior of British Columbia, settling in Kelowna . There he opened his own hardware store, known as Bennett's Hardware. A successful merchant, he served as President of the Kelowna Board of Trade from 1937 to 1939. In 1932 Bennett, Giuseppe Guezzi, and Pasquale "Cap" Capozzi established a wine-making company to produce wine from

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2268-477: The use of alcohol and other drugs. The following teaching of the Dunkard Brethren Church is reflective of Conservative Anabaptism: Members of the Dunkard Brethren Church shall abstain from the use of intoxicating or addictive substances, such as narcotics, nicotine, marijuana, or alcoholic beverages (except as directed by a physician). Using, raising, manufacturing, buying or selling them by Christians

2322-465: The vast surplus of Okanagan apples that were going to waste during the Depression. Three years later Bennett and Capozzi, both teetotalers , concluded that there was no market for their apple wines. They switched to making wines from California grapes. In 1936 they established Calona Wines , the name a phonetic spelling of Kelowna. Bennett departed the company in 1940 to enter politics. Bennett joined

2376-579: The world (Romans 14:20–21) indulgence in any of these activities disqualifies then for Church or Sunday School work or as delegates to District or General Conference. With respect to Methodism, the Church of the Nazarene and Wesleyan Methodist Church , both denominations in the Wesleyan-Arminian tradition, teach abstinence from alcohol. Members of denominations in the conservative holiness movement , such as

2430-448: The writ and sought re-election in the fall of 1975, the Socreds were returned to power with 35 seats in the 55-seat Legislature, and W. A. C.'s son Bill became the new Premier of British Columbia, inheriting his father's mantle of power as well as many of his father's cabinet members. In 1976, W. A. C. Bennett was made an Officer of the Order of Canada . He died in 1979, and

2484-511: Was 120,000 fewer votes than in the previous election, while the Social Credit party received almost 200,000 more votes than in 1949. Even if Liberal and Conservative voters had given their second choices strictly to the other party, the old coalition still would not have taken a majority of seats. Only in eight districts did supporters of the two parties together form majority. In the election, often Liberal and Conservative voters' second preference

2538-489: Was a Canadian politician who served as the 25th premier of British Columbia from 1952 to 1972. With just over 20 years in office, Bennett remains the longest-serving premier in British Columbia history. He was a member of the Social Credit Party (Socreds). Notable achievements by the Bennett government included the adoption of BC's first provincial flag , the establishment of the second Bank of British Columbia , and

2592-482: Was a candidate. As premier during election season he would often warn the public "the socialist hordes are at the gates, my friend." While the Social Credit party was founded to promote the social credit theories of monetary reform , these could not be implemented at the provincial level, as the Alberta Social Credit Party had learned in the 1930s. Bennett quickly converted the provincial party into

2646-598: Was a third cousin of Richard Bedford Bennett , eleventh Prime Minister of Canada. Bennett left formal school in grade nine, during the First World War , to take a job in a hardware store. As an adult, he pursued correspondence courses to improve his knowledge and job potential. He joined the Air Force , but the war ended before he saw active duty. At the age of 18, he and his family moved to Edmonton, Alberta , and then to Westlock, Alberta , where Bennett's father operated

2700-643: Was featured on the cover of Time Magazine on September 30, 1966. Teetotalism Teetotalism is the practice or promotion of total personal abstinence from the consumption of alcohol , specifically in alcoholic drinks . A person who practices (and possibly advocates) teetotalism is called a teetotaler (US) or teetotaller (UK), or said to be teetotal . Globally, almost half of adults do not drink alcohol (excluding those who used to drink but have stopped). A number of temperance organisations have been founded in order to promote teetotalism and provide spaces for non-drinkers to socialise. According to

2754-434: Was his son, William Richards Bennett , Premier from 1975 election to 1986 election . Redistribution of the riding following the 1975 election saw adjustments of its boundaries and a new name, Okanagan South , for the 1979 election . Elections BC website - historical election data William Andrew Cecil Bennett William Andrew Cecil Bennett PC OC (September 6, 1900 – February 23, 1979)

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2808-633: Was interred in the Kelowna Municipal Cemetery, in Kelowna, British Columbia . In 1998, the Government of Canada honoured W. A. C. Bennett with his portrait on a postage stamp of Canada . The W. A. C. Bennett Dam near Hudson's Hope , built under the Two River Policy , is named after him. The library at the Burnaby campus of Simon Fraser University also bears his name. He

2862-549: Was marked for Social Credit candidates. As well, the CCF's second preferences were overwhelmingly for Social Credit candidates. The Social Credit party won 19 seats of the total of 48, and became the largest party represented in the Assembly and formed a minority government . The Socreds (as they were informally known) convinced an Independent Labour Member of the Legislative Assembly (MLA) to support them as well. Not even

2916-409: Was usually referred to as W. A. C. Bennett , although some referred to him either affectionately or mockingly as " Wacky " Bennett . To his close friends, he was known as "Cece". Bennett opened a hardware store in 1927, in partnership with another man, and married May Bennett soon afterwards. Bennett was able to sell his interest just before the 1929 Stock Market crash. He decided to leave

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