The P2000 is an articulated light rail vehicle used on the Los Angeles Metro Rail system, manufactured by Siemens-Duewag . The P2000 trains were ordered to supplement the fleet of the C Line , then known as the Green Line. P2000 trains originally serviced the Gold Line , but were later transferred to the Blue Line (now A Line) in 2012.
104-564: P2000 trains continue to operate on the A Line as of 2024, and are expected to operate for an additional 15 years following an overhaul program that began in 2020. In July 1992, the Los Angeles County Transportation Commission issued a request for proposals for light rail vehicles for use on the then-under construction Green Line . Four bids were received – Bombardier Transportation , Morrison–Knudsen , Siemens-Duewag and Sumitomo / Nippon Sharyo . In June 1993,
208-483: A decentralized structure. Its major commercial, financial, and cultural institutions are geographically dispersed rather than being concentrated in a single downtown or central area. Also, the population density of Los Angeles proper is low (approximately 8,300 people per square mile) when compared to some other large American cities such as New York City (27,500), San Francisco (17,000), Boston (13,300), and Chicago (11,800). Densities are particularly high within
312-465: A 5-mile radius of downtown, where some neighborhoods exceed 20,000 people per square mile. What gives the entire Los Angeles metro region a high density is the fact that many of the city's suburbs and satellite cities have high density rates. Within its urbanized areas, Los Angeles is noted for having small lot sizes and low-rise buildings. Buildings in the area are low when compared to other large cities, mainly due to zoning regulations. Los Angeles became
416-590: A contract was awarded to Siemens-Duewag to deliver 72 light rail vehicles at a cost of $ 2.7 million per vehicle. The contract was signed in February 1994. Siemens-Duewag opened a manufacturing facility in Carson , operated in partnership with AAI Corporation , to build the car shells. The car shells, the key structural components of the train, were the first to be manufactured in the United States for 50 years. Final assembly
520-561: A cross (†) in the table below. According to the 2020 census, there were 18,644,680 people living in the Greater Los Angeles Area. The racial makeup of the area was 29.4% White (23.0% Non-Hispanic European and 6.4% Non-Hispanic Middle Eastern), 13.8% Asian (Non-Hispanic), 0.2% Pacific Islander (Non-Hispanic), 6.1% African American (Non-Hispanic), 0.2% Native American (Non-Hispanic), 0.5% from other races (Non-Hispanic), and 3.3% from two or more races (Non-Hispanic). 46.3% of
624-638: A heavy rail public transportation system for Southern California, and for planning for bus improvements. In 1974, the El Monte Busway was opened, a bus-only lane (later converted to a high-occupancy vehicle lane ). In 1973, RTD shed parts of its operations outside of Los Angeles County, (they were taken over by other agencies including what was then the new Orange County Transit District (now Orange County Transportation Authority ), Omnitrans and Riverside Transit Agency although it continued to operate inter-county service to Riverside and San Bernardino until
728-519: A major city just as the Pacific Electric Railway spread population to smaller cities much as interurbans did in East Coast cities. In the first decades of the twentieth century, the area was marked by a network of fairly dense but separate cities linked by rail. The ascendance of the automobile helped fill in the gaps between these commuter towns with lower-density settlements. Starting in
832-406: A new, massive renumbering system, while keeping the earlier grid pattern. The new numbering system is as follows: As a result of the renumbering, the 36F became the 456. The local bus running from Long Beach to downtown Los Angeles became the 60. The bus from Long Beach to LAX changed from 66 to 232. The local route from Pasadena to Pomona, numbered in the 1970s as route 440, became route 187, while
936-499: A parallel route (numbered 434) that went from City of Hope in Duarte west through Monrovia, Arcadia, Pasadena (to JPL), La Canada Flintridge, then to downtown Glendale, was renumbered 177. Probably due to the success RTD had in clarifying where its routes went by the renumbering, Long Beach Transit would also change its numbering system as well. Foothill Transit would also keep the line numbers that it inherited from RTD, and later from
1040-419: A result, persons traveling from Long Beach to Santa Monica would take an RTD bus from Long Beach to LAX, then transfer at the airport to a Santa Monica Municipal bus. All of the transit agencies in the county issued local transfers (a transfer from one of their lines to another). Most issued the same transfer blank for every bus on their route, where they just issued a single transfer where the driver punched in
1144-507: A six-month period during the middle 1970s, RTD, and possibly other transit agencies in the county, received a massive subsidy, cutting prices for bus trips from 60¢ to $ 1.25, depending on the route, to 25¢ on weekdays and Saturday, and 10¢ on Sunday, for all trips anywhere within Los Angeles County. Trips outside the county remained the regular price. During this period, all transit agencies in the county discontinued issuing transfers. When
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#17328523066901248-553: Is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . This article relating to the Los Angeles Metro Rail is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Los Angeles County Transportation Commission The Southern California Rapid Transit District (almost always referred to as RTD or rarely as SCRTD ) was a public transportation agency established in 1964 to serve the Greater Los Angeles area. It
1352-563: Is known for its tourist attractions, such as Disneyland , Knott's Berry Farm , its several pristine beaches and coastline, and its wealthier areas, featured in television shows such as The O.C. None of the original downtowns serves as the central urban core for the county, but there are important clusters of business and culture in Downtown Santa Ana and in three edge cities : the Anaheim–Santa Ana edge city from Disneyland to
1456-609: Is the Los Angeles County Metropolitan Transportation Authority ("LACMTA"). LACMTA is the product of the merger of RTD and the Los Angeles County Transportation Commission (LACTC). RTD and LACTC officially merged on April 1, 1993. Initially, the agency retained the locations of the predecessor agencies in Downtown Los Angeles , but later moved to the 25-story Gateway Plaza Building adjacent to historic Union Station in 1995. In
1560-578: Is the most populous metropolitan area in the U.S. state of California , encompassing five counties in Southern California extending from Ventura County in the west to San Bernardino County and Riverside County in the east, with the City of Los Angeles and Los Angeles County at its center, and Orange County to the southeast. The Los Angeles–Anaheim–Riverside combined statistical area (CSA) covers 33,954 square miles (87,940 km ), making it
1664-613: Is the most populous metropolitan area in the Western United States and second-most populous in the United States. It has at its core the Los Angeles – Long Beach – Anaheim urban area , which had a population of 12,237,376 as of the 2020 census. The U.S. Census Bureau also defines a wider commercial region based on commuting patterns, the Los Angeles–Long Beach, CA Combined Statistical Area (CSA), more commonly known as
1768-476: Is to drive on the driver's right side of the road or on a ramp), where at the bottom, a display lamp would indicate which of the 15 berths the bus was to terminate at. The driver would then turn left and go around the bus berthing area, which was in the center of the terminal. This prevented buses from ever having a danger of collision as the buses would always travel through the terminal in a clockwise direction, whereas in standard American traffic, vehicles drive on
1872-404: The "New York–Newark" Urbanized Area had a population density of 5,309 per square mile (2,050/km ). Los Angeles' reputation for sprawl is due to the fact that the city grew from relative obscurity to one of the country's ten largest cities (i.e. 10th largest city in 1920), at a time when suburban patterns of growth first became possible due to electric streetcars and automobiles. The city was also
1976-633: The Fairfax District . By 1986, due in part to last-minute lobbying by RTD president Nick Patsaouras, a compromise was reached between Waxman and Representative Julian Dixon . The deal allowed funding to go through as long as it did not pass through the Wilshire corridor. With a Wilshire corridor alignment prohibited, the Metro Red Line was reprioritized and routed north up Vermont, the next highest projected ridership corridor, to Hollywood . Because of
2080-597: The Inland Empire , which can be broadly defined as Riverside and San Bernardino counties; the Ventura/Oxnard metropolitan area (Ventura County); and the Los Angeles metropolitan area (also known as Metropolitan Los Angeles or Metro LA ) consisting of Los Angeles and Orange counties only. The Census Bureau designates the latter as the Los Angeles–Long Beach–Anaheim metropolitan statistical area (MSA),
2184-507: The Los Angeles County Metropolitan Transportation Authority . The Los Angeles County Transportation Commission (LACTC) was formed in 1976 resulting from the requirement that all counties in the state form local transportation commissions. Its main objective was to be the guardian of all transportation funding, both transit and highway, for Los Angeles County. The creation of the LACTC required RTD to share some of its power. The governing structure of
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#17328523066902288-561: The Metro E Line Eastside Extension light rail has a 1.8-mile (2.9 km) segment where it runs underground. In the following years, several light rail and subway lines were opened. In 1990, RTD opened the Metro Blue Line , the region's first modern light rail line. In 1993, the first segment (known as MOS-1 for Minimal Operable Segment 1) of the heavy rail Red Line opened, running from Union Station to MacArthur Park . Three years later,
2392-690: The Orange Crush interchange ( Orange , Santa Ana), the South Coast Plaza–John Wayne Airport edge city (Santa Ana, Costa Mesa , Irvine ), and Irvine's Spectrum edge city. Orange County is sometimes figuratively divided into "North County" and "South County", with North Orange County including cities such as Anaheim , Fullerton , and Santa Ana , and is the older, more ethnically diverse and more densely built-up area closer to Los Angeles. South County, defined variously as beginning with either Costa Mesa or Irvine and includes cities to
2496-573: The San Bernardino National Forest to the east. Additionally, the southwest portion of Riverside County, centered on the city of Temecula is more economically linked to San Diego county, with its growth largely being driven by migrants from San Diego seeking more affordable housing similar to how northwestern Riverside county's growth was driven by migrants from Orange County and Los Angeles seeking more affordable housing. However, with clear northern and southern limits to expansion,
2600-646: The Santa Monica Mountains , the San Gabriel Mountains , and the Mojave Desert . Actual land development in these regions occurs on the fringes of incorporated cities, some of which have been fully developed, such as the cities of Palmdale and Lancaster . While there is not an official designation for the regions that comprise Greater Los Angeles, one authority, the Los Angeles Times , divides
2704-949: The Sunset Strip in West Hollywood , Universal City , the Warner Center in Woodland Hills , and Sherman Oaks and Encino , notable for existing alongside extensive suburban development. In fact, the Los Angeles area is considered a classic example of a metropolitan area that developed in such fashion. Furthermore, since the COVID-19 pandemic Downtown Los Angeles has experienced staggering commercial vacancy rates, urban plight, homelessness, drug use, and crime. Entire skyscrapers were reportedly sold for less than large estates in Bel Air. Within
2808-607: The US 101 corridor. Making the US 101 a full freeway in the 1960s and expansions that followed helped make commuting to Los Angeles easier and opened the way for development westward. Development in Ventura County and along the US 101 corridor remains controversial, with open-space advocates battling those who feel business development is necessary to economic growth. Although the area still has abundant amount of open space and land, almost all of it
2912-495: The fourth largest metropolitan area in the western hemisphere and the second-largest metropolitan area in the United States, by population of 13 million as of the 2020 U.S. census . It has a total area of 4,850 square miles (12,561 km ). Although San Diego–Tijuana borders the Greater Los Angeles area at San Clemente and Temecula , it is not part of it as the two urban areas are not geographically contiguous due to
3016-552: The "poster child" of large cities that grew up with suburban-style patterns of development, rather than how it ranks in sprawl among American metro areas today, now that suburban and exurban -style development is present across the country. The Los Angeles–Orange County metro area was the most densely populated "urbanized area" (as defined by the United States Census Bureau ) in the United States in 2000, with 7,068 inhabitants per square mile (2,729/km ). For comparison,
3120-482: The 2009 American Community Survey , the Los Angeles Metropolitan Area had a population of 12,874,797, of which 6,402,498 (49.7% of the population) were male and 6,472,299 (50.3% of the population) were female. The age composition is shown in the table at right. Median age: 34.6 years According to the 2020 census, there were 18,644,680 people living in the Greater Los Angeles Area. The racial makeup of
3224-504: The 28 cities of Riverside County by population at the 2020 U.S. census: List of the 24 cities and incorporated towns of San Bernardino County by population at the 2020 U.S. census: While the above areas are included in the regional definition of Greater Los Angeles, the U.S. Census Bureau defines Greater Los Angeles, or officially, the Los Angeles–Long Beach Combined Statistical Area, to include both
Siemens P2000 - Misplaced Pages Continue
3328-400: The 800s (801 or 829, for example) served the southern Los Angeles County area. In addition to renumbering, most of the routes were modified into a more logical grid system, following major thoroughfares and moving route termini to near other routes to allow for efficient transfers. In theory, most residences were no more than a quarter-mile away from any bus route. In 1983, RTD would institute
3432-514: The C Line altogether. In June 2013, Metro awarded a fixed price contract to PAMCO Machine Works in Monrovia, California , to overhaul the powered axle assemblies for the then thirteen year old P2000 trains. The entire fleet was refurbished by Alstom, on Mare Island in Vallejo, California . The overhaul program includes major mechanical work, new graphics, and maintenance of control systems. Metro received
3536-555: The Greater Los Angeles Area, with an estimated population of 18,316,743 in 2023. The total land area of the CSA is 33,955 sq. mi (87,945 km ). The CSA includes three component metropolitan areas: Nearly all of the metropolitan area of Greater Los Angeles is located within the homelands of the Tongva , otherwise referred to as Tovaangar . Los Angeles has long been famous for its sprawl , but this has to do more with its status in history as
3640-599: The Green (C), Blue (A) and Expo (E) lines. The P2000 was used on the Gold Line (L) between 2003 and 2012 and the A and E lines thereafter. It returned in revenue service on the L Line in 2023 shortly before the Regional Connector began revenue service and the L Line was discontinued. It had since been exclusive to the C Line, until its rocky return to the A Line in late 2024. Ever since its rocky return, P2000s were removed from
3744-575: The Inland Empire is sometimes defined as the entirety of San Bernardino and Riverside Counties, the eastern undeveloped, desert portions of these counties are not considered to be part of Greater Los Angeles. The state of California defines this area to include the cities of Adelanto , Apple Valley , and Victorville to the north, the Riverside–San Diego county line to the south, and the towns of Anza , Idyllwild , and Lucerne Valley , along with
3848-485: The LACTC was similar to that of the SCRTD, however, the city of Los Angeles had three of the eleven board members, compared to two on the SCRTD board). By law, the commission included the mayor of Los Angeles, a city council member appointed by the mayor, a private citizen appointed by the mayor, all five county supervisors, a member of the city council of Long Beach and two city council members from other municipalities, elected by
3952-439: The Los Angeles area's expanding population. The development of a regional freeway system facilitated the expansion of suburbs and human migration linking the Inland Empire and rest of Greater Los Angeles. Despite being primarily suburban, the Inland Empire is also home to important warehousing, shipping, logistics and retail industries, centered on the subregion's major cities of Riverside , San Bernardino and Ontario . While
4056-563: The Los Angeles branch of the California League of Cities. Each of the members had an appointed alternate. In 1980 voters passed Proposition A, a half-cent sales tax for a regional transit system. The measure succeeded after proposals in 1968 and 1974 had failed. The map that accompanied the initiative showed ten transit corridors with the Wilshire subway line the "cornerstone" of the system, according to former SCRTD planning director Gary Spivak. Los Angeles County Supervisor Kenneth Hahn
4160-564: The Metro Rail system, including the P3010 and the now-retired P865 . P2000 light rail vehicles are equipped with automatic train operation technology. This technology was intended to be used on the Green Line (later the C Line), enabled by the line's lack of grade crossings . Despite this capability, the trains are manually operated. This United States train or rolling stock-related article
4264-628: The Red Line was extended to Wilshire/Western in Koreatown . RTD pioneered experimenting with alternate fuel buses in what the Transit Coalition derisively called "the fuel of the month club." At the start of Metro's existence, there were buses running on ethanol , methanol , regular diesel , low-sulfur (clean) diesel, and CNG . Battery-operated buses and trolleybuses were proposed but never operated in regular service. The successor agency to RTD
Siemens P2000 - Misplaced Pages Continue
4368-412: The United States after New York City, and is the focal point of the Greater Los Angeles Area. As an international center for finance, entertainment, media, culture, education, tourism, and science, Los Angeles is considered one of the world's most powerful and influential global cities . List of the 88 cities of Los Angeles County and six large CDPs by population at the 2020 U.S. census: Orange County
4472-502: The United States and world. Citrus production was important to the region's development in the earlier part of the 20th century. While the New York metropolitan area is presently the most populous metropolitan area in the United States, it has been predicted in the past that Greater Los Angeles will eventually surpass Greater New York in population. Whether this will happen is yet to be seen, but past predictions on this event have been off
4576-462: The United States. Within the boundaries of the CSA the Census Bureau defines 30 other urban areas as well, two of which ( Riverside – San Bernardino and Oxnard – Ventura ) form the core of their own metropolitan areas separate from the Los Angeles metropolitan statistical area. Urban areas situated primarily outside the Los Angeles metropolitan statistical area but within the CSA are identified with
4680-583: The above-mentioned areas along with the entirety of San Bernardino and Riverside counties. These areas are sparsely developed and are part of the Mojave and Colorado Deserts . To the north, Interstate 15 crosses desolate desert landscape after passing Barstow, linking Greater Los Angeles with Las Vegas , with Baker being the only significant outpost along the route. To the east, lie the Mojave National Preserve and Joshua Tree National Park along with
4784-671: The actual city boundaries of incorporated Los Angeles but border the city itself include the Santa Clarita Valley , the San Gabriel Valley , South Bay , and the Gateway Cities . Despite the large footprint of the city of Los Angeles, a majority of the land area within Los Angeles County is unincorporated and under the primary jurisdiction of Los Angeles County. Much of this land, however, cannot be easily developed due to planning challenges presented by geographic features such as
4888-536: The area into the following regions: Some of the above areas can be defined as being bounded by natural features such as mountains or the ocean; others are marked by city boundaries, freeways, or other constructed landmarks. For example, Downtown Los Angeles is the area of Los Angeles roughly enclosed by three freeways and one river: the Harbor Freeway (SR 110) to the west, the Santa Ana Freeway ( US 101 ) to
4992-410: The area was 29.4% White (23.0% Non-Hispanic European and 6.4% Non-Hispanic Middle Eastern), 13.8% Asian (Non-Hispanic), 0.2% Pacific Islander (Non-Hispanic), 6.1% African American (Non-Hispanic), 0.2% Native American (Non-Hispanic), 0.5% from other races (Non-Hispanic), and 3.3% from two or more races (Non-Hispanic). 46.3% of the population were Hispanic of any race, a super-majority of which
5096-566: The article predicted the population would be 18.3 million in that year, a number Greater New York already surpassed in 2007 by half a million people. By 2009, the New York metropolitan area had a population of 22.2 million compared to the Greater Los Angeles Area's 18.7 million, about a 3.56 million persons difference. Percentage growth, however, has been higher in Greater Los Angeles over the past few decades than in Greater New York. According to
5200-499: The ban, along with several other factors such as traffic congestion, lessening racial prejudice, increasingly progressive and environmental attitudes, have rekindled interest in what has come to be known as the Metro Purple Line . However, a separate measure passed locally in Los Angeles has prohibited use of Metro's local sales tax revenue on "new subway construction". This had deterred Metro from building underground, . However,
5304-439: The broader county of Los Angeles and metro area, areas such as Downtown Long Beach , downtown Pasadena , downtown Glendale , and downtown Burbank , Downtown Santa Ana , Downtown Anaheim , Downtown Riverside , Downtown San Bernardino , downtown Irvine , and downtown Ontario are notable. Employment is not only in the downtown area, but consistently occurs outside the central core. As such, many people commute throughout
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#17328523066905408-496: The central area of Los Angeles County quite complicated. Many cities are completely surrounded by the city of Los Angeles and are often included in the city's areas despite being independent municipalities. For example, Santa Monica and Beverly Hills (which is almost completely surrounded by Los Angeles) are considered part of the Westside, while Hawthorne and Inglewood are associated with South L.A. Adjacent areas that are outside
5512-502: The change in alignment, a 1-mile (1.6 km) stub line on Wilshire between Vermont and Western persists until the D Line Extension is opened in 2025. On October 27, 2005 an independent group of experts stated that there was no significant problem with methane explosion. Congressman Waxman then proposed legislation to lift the federal ban on subway construction in the Wilshire Corridor, which passed. By 2007, this lifting of
5616-457: The cities lining the coast. List of the 34 cities in Orange County by population at the 2020 census: The Inland Empire, consisting of San Bernardino and Riverside Counties, contains fast-growing suburbs of the region, with a large to majority percentage of the working population commuting to either Los Angeles or Orange Counties for work. Originally an important center for citrus production ,
5720-443: The city and suburbs in various directions for their work and daily activities, with a large portion heading to the municipalities that are outside the city of Los Angeles. Unlike most metropolitan areas, regional identity remains a contentious issue in the Greater Los Angeles area, with many residents not acknowledging any association with the region as a whole. For example, while Los Angeles County and Orange County together make up
5824-448: The city which was south of Willow either had to be for transportation north of Willow Street or outside of the city. Buses which traveled into the area south of Willow Street could only discharge passengers, and could not pick up any passengers until they resumed travel either north of Willow or outside of Long Beach, and such passengers could not exit the bus until north of Willow or outside the city. On Long Beach Boulevard, for example, RTD
5928-614: The county became increasingly urbanized. The northern part of the county, however, remains largely undeveloped and is mostly within the Los Padres National Forest . List of the 10 cities of Ventura County by population at the 2020 U.S. census: At the core of the Los Angeles–Long Beach combined statistical area (CSA) lies the Los Angeles– Long Beach – Anaheim , CA urban area , the second most populous in
6032-428: The course of the 21st century, droughts and wildfires have increased in frequency and the region's water security has become a development issue. The traditional business district and historical downtown of Greater Los Angeles is Downtown Los Angeles . However, most of commercial activity is found outside downtown Los Angeles in the edge cities of Century City , Wilshire Boulevard in Koreatown , Hollywood ,
6136-487: The customer could optionally purchase admission to the park on the same transport ticket. This required the customer to change buses in Downtown Los Angeles to the bus bound for Valencia, and vice versa on return, but Greyhound could not directly sell a ticket for travel between Long Beach and Los Angeles, unless the person was traveling outside RTD's service area. The South of Willow prohibition occurred because of
6240-471: The dispute between RTD and Long Beach Transit, wherein only Long Beach Transit was permitted to pick up passengers within the City of Long Beach south of Willow Street for transport to any other place in the city that was also south of Willow. RTD (and all other transit agencies except Long Beach Transit) were prohibited from providing a pick up and drop off both south of Willow Street. Generally, any pickup anywhere in
6344-574: The downtown Long Beach Transit Mall . RTD was essentially the "800 pound gorilla" as far as public transportation in Southern California was concerned. In a 1983 video created by RTD, the District stated its operating service area was larger than that of the transit systems of Miami, Buffalo, Atlanta, Baltimore and Washington, D.C. combined. RTD operated all service in the city of Los Angeles, and operated some service to neighboring cities. Many of
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#17328523066906448-592: The early twentieth century, there was a large growth in population on the western edges of the city moving to the San Fernando Valley and out into the Conejo Valley in eastern Ventura County . Many working-class whites migrated to this area during the 1960s and 1970s out of East and Central Los Angeles. As a result, there was a large growth in population into the Conejo Valley and into Ventura County through
6552-494: The east and south such as Laguna Beach , Mission Viejo , Newport Beach , and San Clemente , is more residential, affluent, recently developed, and has a mostly white population. Irvine is an exception, as it is a center of employment and is ethnically diverse. A growing alternative dividing marker between north and south is the El Toro Y interchange. Orange Coast or South Coast area is defined instead as consisting of some or all of
6656-442: The first large American city where, in the 1920s, major clusters of regional employment, shopping, and culture were already being built outside the traditional downtown areas – in edge cities such as Mid-Wilshire , Miracle Mile and Hollywood . This pattern of growth continued ever outward, more so when the freeway system was built starting in the 1950s; thus Greater Los Angeles was the earliest large American metropolitan area with
6760-679: The first refurbished P2000 train in October 2020, and expected to receive one train per month until all 52 trains were overhauled. In 2024, Metro began work to replace the P2000 trains, which are scheduled to be retired in the early 2030s. The P2000 trains feature automatic train control , air conditioning, emergency intercoms, wheelchair spaces and emergency braking. Refurbished cars feature new door control systems, communication systems, and HVAC technology. The P2000 trains are capable of multiple-unit operation with some other light rail vehicles in service on
6864-470: The formation of LACMTA. From 1967 until 1982, RTD operated a main downtown terminal in the basement of the Greyhound bus terminal at 6th and Los Angeles Streets. Greyhound used it until 1991, when they moved to their current terminal on 7th St. Because of the positioning of mirrors in the single entrance/exit ramp, buses entered the ramp and drove in on the left hand side of the ramp (standard American practice
6968-447: The issuance of "interagency transfers" where a rider was switching between one bus line (bus company) and another, e.g. Torrance Transit to Orange County Transit. RTD issued one transfer, which was good locally on its own system for all of its bus routes and functioned as an interagency transfer for credit toward the fare on a different bus line. All other bus lines issued an "interagency transfer" different from their own local transfers. It
7072-403: The largest metropolitan region in the United States by land area. The contiguous urban area is 2,281 square miles (5,910 km ), whereas the remainder mostly consists of mountain and desert areas. With an estimated population of over 18.3 million (U.S. Census Bureau, 2023), it is the second-largest metropolitan area in the country, behind New York , as well as one of the largest megacities in
7176-424: The local bus agencies operating in the county (all of them either owned by a municipality or operated on its behalf) either had a "live and let live" or an out-and-out hostile relationship with RTD. One of the more serious rivalries was between Long Beach Transit and RTD. RTD had wanted to take over all or part of the operation of Long Beach Transit. However, it was considered that RTD would probably stick to covering
7280-608: The local restriction and the Long Beach South of Willow prohibition. The local restriction prohibited any private carrier such as Greyhound or Continental Trailways from selling one way or round-trip bus tickets between any two points within the same area that RTD operated. For example, Greyhound sold a ticket for transport between Long Beach and the Magic Mountain amusement park (now Six Flags Magic Mountain) in Valencia , and
7384-573: The major areas (" cream skimming ") and might let service languish in the less profitable areas, as witness some of the problems that some of the poorer areas in Los Angeles (such as Watts) had had in getting reasonable bus service. As a result of the animosity, a kind of pettiness grew between the two agencies. One example of which is, of all the bus lines which operated in Los Angeles County: Long Beach, Norwalk, Cerritos, Torrance Transit, City of Santa Monica, Culver City Municipal Transit, Orange County Transit, and RTD, all of these agencies would allow any of
7488-507: The mark. A 1966 article in Time predicted Greater Los Angeles would surpass New York by 1975, and that by 1990, would reach close to the 19 million mark. But the article's flawed definition of Greater Los Angeles included San Diego , which is actually its own metropolitan area . A 1989 article in The New York Times predicted Greater Los Angeles would surpass Greater New York by 2010, but
7592-415: The nation. Residents in these counties often commute to Los Angeles County and Orange County for employment. Los Angeles County, of which the City of Los Angeles is the county seat, is the most populous county in the United States and is home to over a quarter of all California residents. The large size of the city of Los Angeles, as well as its history of annexing smaller towns, has made city boundaries in
7696-550: The north, the Los Angeles River to the east, and the Santa Monica Freeway ( I-10 ) to the south. Meanwhile, the San Fernando Valley ("The Valley") is defined as the basin consisting of the part of Los Angeles and its suburbs that lie north-northwest of downtown and is ringed by mountains. With a population of nearly 4.1 million people at the 2020 census, the City of Los Angeles is the second most populous city in
7800-515: The northeast, the Morongo Basin in the east-central including Yucca Valley and Twentynine Palms , and the Coachella Valley cities in the southeast. This interconnectivity, provided by one of the most extensive freeway systems in the world, as well as economic, social and media ties, has blended boundaries between these regions and the urbanized Los Angeles and Inland Empire areas. List of
7904-594: The other's employees to deadhead free, if in uniform (or had identification issued by their agency), except that RTD and Long Beach would not allow each other's drivers to ride free on their buses. One benefit that RTD offered, which no other bus line in the region offered, was the very generous practice that, in addition to RTD employees being allowed to ride free on RTD buses (and as noted above, every other bus transit operator except Long Beach), their spouse and all children under 18 were also given free passes. Two features of transportation in Southern California were
8008-452: The population increase between 2000 and 2006. Growth continues not only outside the existing urbanized area but also adjacent to existing development in the central areas. As in virtually all US core cities, there is now vigorous residential development in the downtown area with both new buildings and renovation of former office buildings. The Los Angeles Downtown News keeps a list of ongoing development projects, updated every quarter. Over
8112-579: The population were Hispanic of any race, a super-majority of which was of Mexican origin. 29.4% of the population (5.5 million) was foreign born; most immigrants came from Latin America and Asia. The explosive growth of the region in the 20th century can be attributed to its favorable Mediterranean climate , the availability of land and many booming industries such as oil , automobile and rubber, motion pictures , intermodal , logistics , and aerospace which in turn attracted millions of people from all over
8216-479: The population, about 1.4% South Asian (Indian Subcontinent), and about 12.4% were East or Southeast Asian. The six largest Asian ancestries with respect to all of Greater LA's population were Chinese : ~ 6.1% , Filipino : ~ 3.1%, Vietnamese : ~ 2.0%, Korean ~ 1.9%, Indian ~ 1.1% , and Japanese ~ 0.8%. Other important Asian American groups include Cambodian , Laotian , Hmong , Taiwanese , Pakistani , and Thai Americans. Non-Hispanic blacks make up 6.1% of
8320-592: The population. Approximately 1,143,781 residents are non-Hispanic blacks. Sub-Saharan Africans were 0.7% (137,443) and Non-Hispanic Caribbean Blacks were 0.3% (62,419). Non-Hispanic Native Americans make up 0.2% of the population (46,143). Non-Hispanic Native Hawaiians and other Pacific Islanders make up 0.2% of the population. Approximately 42,591 residents are Native Hawaiian or of other Pacific Islander ancestries. The largest Pacific Islander ancestries were Samoan , Native Hawaiian , and Guamanian or Chamorro , and Tongan Non-Hispanic Multiracial people make up 3.3% of
8424-587: The presence of Camp Pendleton . However, both form part of the Southern California Megalopolis which extends into Tijuana , Baja California , Mexico . The Los Angeles metropolitan area is defined by the U.S. Office of Management and Budget as the Los Angeles–Long Beach–Anaheim, CA Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA), with a 2021 population of 12,997,353. The MSA is in turn made up of two "metropolitan divisions": The MSA
8528-402: The prices will continue to increase. The Los Angeles area continues to grow, principally on the periphery where new, cheaper, undeveloped areas are being sought. As such, in these areas, populations as well as housing prices exploded, although the housing bubble popped late in the decade of the 2000s. Riverside and San Bernardino Counties, which contain large swaths of desert, attracted most of
8632-401: The region became an important industrial area by the early 20th century. The Inland Empire also became a key transportation center following the completion of Route 66 , and later Interstate 10 . With the post-World War II economic boom leading to rapid development in Los Angeles and Orange Counties, land developers bulldozed acres of agricultural land to build suburbs in order to accommodate
8736-467: The region's urban eastern boundaries have become increasingly nebulous as suburban sprawl continues to spread out to form a unified whole with Los Angeles, with further development encroaching past the San Bernardino and San Jacinto Mountains and into the outlying desert areas. As a result, the regional definition of Greater Los Angeles can now be extended to include Barstow and surrounding towns in
8840-467: The right and a traffic circle or "roundabout" has traffic moving counterclockwise . The terminal also had a rule, indicated on all signs leading to the bus berths, that cash payments were not accepted on buses in the terminal; a person had to either have a monthly pass or purchase tickets on the ground floor (one floor above the bus area). Tickets were standard paper coupons with amounts of 10¢ to $ 1.00, and could be purchased at any time, not merely when one
8944-465: The route number, possibly the direction of travel (to prevent people who were taking short trips from getting on a bus going back where they came from without paying for the return trip) and the month and day. Long Beach issued a specific transfer preprinted with the specific route number. But RTD issued a new transfer every day, so that the transfer would have "Mon Nov. 27 1978" preprinted on transfers issued on that day. Another different practice involved
9048-445: The small number of routes that left its downtown area. RTD operated a small office on Ocean Boulevard, required tickets to be purchased, either there or in advance, and prohibited acceptance of cash payment for buses leaving the stop in front of its Long Beach downtown terminal. When the City of Long Beach introduced the consolidated transit mall, RTD discontinued the use of its own terminal, and allowed persons to pay cash on buses leaving
9152-540: The smaller MSA region, the two host many sub-areas that each have sharp demographic, political, and financial distinctions. South Orange County residents often attempt to be identified apart from Los Angeles although they make up the same metropolitan area. Also, while only 1.63% of Los Angeles residents commute to Orange County for work, over 6% of Orange County commuters head to Los Angeles for work. Western Riverside County and San Bernardino County have become commuter regions characteristic of other suburban counties throughout
9256-473: The subsidy ended, prices returned to the original amounts, and RTD resumed issuing transfers. Bus routes in the county originally had various identifications. The route from Long Beach to Los Angeles, which operated most of the route as an express service along the freeway of former California State Route 7 (now Interstate 710 ), was known as the 36F (for "Freeway Flyer"). Other routes had various numbers that at times seemed somewhat random, as they were added to
9360-566: The system when RTD had absorbed earlier systems—for example, routes 107, 108, 109, and 110 were in the Pasadena area, as they had been originally part of Pasadena City Lines, while routes 106 and 111 were elsewhere in RTD's system. In the mid-1970s, RTD began to group their routes by region—for example, routes in the 400s (such as 423, 434, and 496) served primarily the San Gabriel Valley, while those in
9464-593: The towns of Needles and Blythe on the California-Arizona border. Ventura County is mostly suburban and rural and also has developed primarily through the growth of Los Angeles. Central and southern Ventura County formerly consisted of small towns along the Pacific Coast until the expansion of U.S. Route 101 drew in commuters from the San Fernando Valley. Master-planned cities soon began developing, and
9568-563: The wake of local media reports of expensive Italian marble used in its construction, the structure was derisively dubbed the Taj Mahal . Housed within the building is the Dorothy Gray Transportation Library, a comprehensive collection of transportation-related books, videos, and other materials, said to be one of the largest in the nation. The library is open to the public. Greater Los Angeles Greater Los Angeles
9672-562: The world . In addition to being the nexus of the global entertainment industry, including films, television, and recorded music, Greater Los Angeles is also an important center of international trade, education, media, business, tourism, technology, and sports. It is the third-largest metropolitan area by nominal GDP in the world with an economy exceeding $ 1 trillion in output, behind New York City and Tokyo . There are three contiguous component urban areas in Greater Los Angeles:
9776-476: Was believed that the reason for this was that RTD actually printed the interagency transfers and sold them to all the other bus lines. In the early 1980s, Long Beach Transit would also break from this system, and would have ticket printers installed on every bus to issue both local (Long Beach Transit-based) and interagency transfers (drivers would, in case the printer failed, keep a book of Long Beach and standard interagency transfer for just such emergencies.) For
9880-504: Was created on August 18, 1964, to serve the urbanized Southern California region, including Los Angeles County, San Bernardino County , Orange County , and Riverside County . RTD replaced the major predecessor public agency, the Los Angeles Metropolitan Transit Authority , and took over eleven other failing bus companies and services in the Southern California region. RTD was placed in charge of creating
9984-409: Was not allowed to discharge any northbound passengers anywhere on Long Beach Boulevard south of Willow Street. Buses going southbound were to be "discharge only" south of Willow, and were to be "embark only" going northbound if south of Willow Street. Over the years, RTD made a number of strategic purchases and trades to extend service. The original bus line operating between Long Beach and Santa Monica
10088-850: Was of Mexican origin. Non-Hispanic whites make up under one-third (29.4%) of the population, approximately 5,477,462 residents. The top European ancestries were German : 7.0% (1,301,202), English : 6.1% (1,131,426), Irish : 5.4% (1,002,233), Italian : 3.4% (624,585), Scandinavian : 2.2% (405,887), French : 1.5% (284,180), Scottish : 1.4% (264,429), Polish : 1.2% (224,443), and Russian : 1.0% (189,115). The top Middle Eastern ancestries were Jewish : 3.2% (600,000), Armenian : 1.2% (214.190), Arab : 0.98% (182,934), and Iranian : 0.75% (139,632). Additionally, 3.3% (611,193) of residents identified as simply American . Values may add to over 100% because people can identify with more than one ethnicity. Approximately 2,577,706 residents are Asian of non-Hispanic origin. Asians of non-Hispanic origin make up 13.8% of
10192-439: Was operated by Western Greyhound Lines from 1923 until it was acquired by RTD in 1974. RTD broke the line in half, kept the portion running from Long Beach to Los Angeles International Airport (LAX), then took the portion from Los Angeles International Airport to Santa Monica and sold or traded it to the City of Santa Monica Municipal Bus line in exchange for the right to run buses from Downtown Los Angeles into Santa Monica. As
10296-505: Was originally an agricultural area dependent on citrus crops, avocados, and oil extraction, and became a bedroom community for Los Angeles when I–5, the Santa Ana Freeway , linked it to the city in the 1950s. The growth of Los Angeles initially fueled population growth in Orange County, but by the 1970s it had become an important economic center in its own right, with tourism and electronics industries, among others. Today, Orange County
10400-634: Was performed in Sacramento . Following cost cutting in 1995, 20 trains were cut from the contract. 52 trains were eventually built between 1996 and 1999. The first train was delivered to Metro in January 1998, and trains entered service on the Green Line in July 2000. Introduction into service was delayed slightly, drawing criticism from the news media that highlighted the P2000 contract's high cost and Metro's contemporary fiscal issues. The trains were subsequently used on
10504-491: Was put aside and mandated never to be developed as part of the master plan of each city. Because of this, the area which was once a relatively inexpensive area to buy real estate, saw rising real estate prices well into the 2000s. Median home prices in the Conejo Valley for instance, ranged from $ 700,000 to $ 2.2 million in 2003. According to Forbes , "it's nearly impossible" to find reasonably priced real estate in California, and
10608-558: Was taking a bus. Tickets were accepted on all RTD routes at all times, and could also be purchased at various locations around the region, although RTD buses accepted cash everywhere, except when departing from the downtown terminal. RTD eventually discontinued use of the Greyhound bus terminal in the late 1980s, and resumed having connections for buses on the various streets in the downtown area. A similar practice occurred in Long Beach for
10712-639: Was the author of the proposition, declaring, "I'm going to put the trains back." The Los Angeles County Transportation Commission's first light rail line was on the old Long Beach Red Car route from Los Angeles to Long Beach, which passed through Hahn's district (this would become the Metro Blue Line ). Caltrans surveyed the condition of former Pacific Electric lines in 1982. On September 11, 1985, U.S. Representative Henry Waxman added an amendment to that year's Federal Transportation Budget removing all subway construction funds, citing tunneling safety concerns after an entirely unrelated methane explosion in
10816-475: Was the successor to the original Los Angeles Metropolitan Transit Authority (MTA). California State Senator Thomas M. Rees (D-Beverly Hills) sponsored the bill that created the RTD, which was meant to correct some deficiencies of the LAMTA, and took over all of the bus service operated by MTA on November 5, 1964. RTD was merged into the Los Angeles County Metropolitan Transportation Authority in 1993. RTD
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